Fix CI: useless cast in the growth of the view's node index

GCC -Werror=useless-cast (ci_test_gcc on Linux x86-64) rejected
static_cast<std::size_t>(guess + (guess / 4) + 64): the sum is a
std::uint64_t prvalue, the same type as std::size_t there, while the cast
is needed where std::size_t is 32 bits wide. Cast a named variable
instead, which GCC does not report. The build stopped at an earlier error
before, so the previous CI run did not show this one.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

.github/workflows/check_amalgamation.yml

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ jobs:
 
           python3 $TOOL_DIR/amalgamate.py -c $TOOL_DIR/config_json.json -s .
           python3 $TOOL_DIR/amalgamate.py -c $TOOL_DIR/config_json_fwd.json -s .
+          cp include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp $INCLUDE_DIR/json_literals.hpp
 
           # the header list of the Bazel "json" target must match the files in include/
           cmake -P cmake/scripts/gen_bazel_build_file.cmake

.reuse/dep5

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ Files: tests/thirdparty/fifo_map/*
 Copyright: 2015-2017 Niels Lohmann
 License: MIT
 
+Files: tests/thirdparty/Fuzzer/*
+Copyright: 2003-2022 LLVM Project.
+License: Apache-2.0
+
 Files: tests/thirdparty/imapdl/*
 Copyright: 2017 Georg Sauthoff <mail@gms.tf>
 License: GPL-3.0-only

BUILD.bazel

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ cc_library(
     hdrs = [
         "include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/abi_config.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/bit_ops.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp",
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ cc_library(
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/number_parse.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/position_t.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/pow5_table.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/input/string_scan.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp",
@@ -63,8 +66,16 @@ cc_library(
         "include/nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/string_utils.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/builder.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/document_data.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/macro_unscope.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/node.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/scan.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/view/string_ref.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/json.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp",
         "include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp",

Makefile

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ TESTS_SRCS=$(shell find tests -type f \( -name '*.hpp' -o -name '*.cpp' -o -name
 # the single headers (amalgamated from the source files)
 AMALGAMATED_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
 AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
+# json_literals.hpp only includes <nlohmann/json.hpp>, so it is copied verbatim
+AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp
 
 
 ##########################################################################
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
 
 # main target
 all:
-	@echo "amalgamate - amalgamate files single_include/nlohmann/json{,_fwd}.hpp from the include/nlohmann sources"
+	@echo "amalgamate - amalgamate files single_include/nlohmann/json{,_fwd,_literals}.hpp from the include/nlohmann sources"
 	@echo "BUILD.bazel - regenerate the Bazel BUILD file from the include/nlohmann sources"
 	@echo "ChangeLog.md - generate ChangeLog file"
 	@echo "check-amalgamation - check whether sources have been amalgamated and BUILD.bazel is up to date"
@@ -154,14 +156,14 @@ install_astyle:
 
 # call the Artistic Style pretty printer on all source files
 pretty: install_astyle
-	$(ASTYLE) --project=tools/astyle/.astylerc $(SRCS) $(TESTS_SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/*.cpp
+	$(ASTYLE) --project=tools/astyle/.astylerc $(SRCS) $(TESTS_SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE) docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/*.cpp
 
 # call the Clang-Format on all source files
 pretty_format:
 	for FILE in $(SRCS) $(TESTS_SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/*.cpp; do echo $$FILE; clang-format -i $$FILE; done
 
 # create single header files and pretty print
-amalgamate: $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)
+amalgamate: $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)
 	$(MAKE) pretty
 
 # call the amalgamation tool for json.hpp
@@ -172,16 +174,23 @@ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE): $(SRCS)
 $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE): $(SRCS)
 	tools/amalgamate/amalgamate.py -c tools/amalgamate/config_json_fwd.json -s . --verbose=yes
 
+# copy json_literals.hpp
+$(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE): include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp
+	cp include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)
+
 # check if file single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp has been amalgamated from the nlohmann sources
 # Note: this target is called by Travis
 check-amalgamation:
 	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~
 	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)~
+	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)~
 	@$(MAKE) amalgamate
 	@diff $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ || (echo "===================================================================\n  Amalgamation required! Please read the contribution guidelines\n  in file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.\n===================================================================" ; mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) ; false)
 	@diff $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)~ || (echo "===================================================================\n  Amalgamation required! Please read the contribution guidelines\n  in file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.\n===================================================================" ; mv $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) ; false)
+	@diff $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)~ || (echo "===================================================================\n  Amalgamation required! Please read the contribution guidelines\n  in file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.\n===================================================================" ; mv $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE) ; false)
 	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
 	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)
+	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)
 	@mv BUILD.bazel BUILD.bazel~
 	@$(MAKE) BUILD.bazel
 	@diff BUILD.bazel BUILD.bazel~ || (echo "===================================================================\n  BUILD.bazel is out of date! Please run 'make BUILD.bazel'.\n===================================================================" ; mv BUILD.bazel~ BUILD.bazel ; false)
@@ -222,7 +231,7 @@ json.tar.xz:
 # We use `-X` to make the resulting ZIP file reproducible, see
 # <https://content.pivotal.io/blog/barriers-to-deterministic-reproducible-zip-files>.
 include.zip: BUILD.bazel
-	zip -9 --recurse-paths -X include.zip $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) BUILD.bazel MODULE.bazel meson.build LICENSE.MIT
+	zip -9 --recurse-paths -X include.zip $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE) BUILD.bazel MODULE.bazel meson.build LICENSE.MIT
 
 # Create the files for a release and add signatures and hashes.
 release: include.zip json.tar.xz
@@ -231,10 +240,12 @@ release: include.zip json.tar.xz
 	gpg --armor --detach-sig include.zip
 	gpg --armor --detach-sig $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
 	gpg --armor --detach-sig $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE)
+	gpg --armor --detach-sig $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE)
 	gpg --armor --detach-sig json.tar.xz
 	cp $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) release_files
 	cp $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE) release_files
-	mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE).asc $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE).asc json.tar.xz json.tar.xz.asc include.zip include.zip.asc release_files
+	cp $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE) release_files
+	mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE).asc $(AMALGAMATED_FWD_FILE).asc $(AMALGAMATED_LITERALS_FILE).asc json.tar.xz json.tar.xz.asc include.zip include.zip.asc release_files
 	cd release_files ; shasum -a 256 json.hpp include.zip json.tar.xz > hashes.txt
 
 

README.md

@@ -1395,6 +1395,7 @@ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR I
 - The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright © 2009 [Florian Loitsch](https://florian.loitsch.com/)
 - The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
 - The class contains parts of [Google Abseil](https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp) which is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0).
+- The class contains an adapted version of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm, its table of powers of five, and its digit comparison for long numbers from [fast_float](https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float) by Daniel Lemire and contributors, which is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (used here), the Apache 2.0 License, and the Boost Software License. Copyright © 2021 The fast_float authors
 
 <img align="right" src="https://git.fsfe.org/reuse/reuse-ci/raw/branch/master/reuse-horizontal.png" alt="REUSE Software">
 

cmake/ci.cmake

@@ -373,9 +373,10 @@ file(GLOB_RECURSE INDENT_FILES
 set(include_dir ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/single_include/nlohmann)
 set(tool_dir ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/tools/amalgamate)
 add_custom_target(ci_test_amalgamation
-    COMMAND rm -fr ${include_dir}/json.hpp~ ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp~
+    COMMAND rm -fr ${include_dir}/json.hpp~ ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp~ ${include_dir}/json_literals.hpp~
     COMMAND cp ${include_dir}/json.hpp ${include_dir}/json.hpp~
     COMMAND cp ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp~
+    COMMAND cp ${include_dir}/json_literals.hpp ${include_dir}/json_literals.hpp~
 
     COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} -mvenv venv_astyle
     COMMAND venv_astyle/bin/pip3 --quiet install -r ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/tools/astyle/requirements.txt
@@ -383,10 +384,12 @@ add_custom_target(ci_test_amalgamation
 
     COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${tool_dir}/amalgamate.py -c ${tool_dir}/config_json.json -s .
     COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${tool_dir}/amalgamate.py -c ${tool_dir}/config_json_fwd.json -s .
+    COMMAND cp ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp ${include_dir}/json_literals.hpp
     COMMAND venv_astyle/bin/astyle --project=tools/astyle/.astylerc --suffix=none ${include_dir}/json.hpp ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp
 
     COMMAND diff ${include_dir}/json.hpp~ ${include_dir}/json.hpp
     COMMAND diff ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp~ ${include_dir}/json_fwd.hpp
+    COMMAND diff ${include_dir}/json_literals.hpp~ ${include_dir}/json_literals.hpp
 
     COMMAND venv_astyle/bin/astyle --project=tools/astyle/.astylerc --suffix=orig ${INDENT_FILES}
     COMMAND for FILE in `find . -name '*.orig'`\; do false \; done

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/basic_json.md

@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
 
     - In case of a `#!json null` type, [invalid_iterator.206](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206)
       is thrown.
-    - In case of other primitive types (number, boolean, or string), `first` must be `begin()` and `last` must be
-      `end()`. In this case, the value is copied. Otherwise,
+    - In case of other primitive types (number, boolean, string, or binary), `first` must be `begin()` and `last`
+      must be `end()`. In this case, the value is copied. Otherwise,
       [`invalid_iterator.204`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204) is thrown.
     - In case of structured types (array, object), the constructor behaves as similar versions for `std::vector` or
       `std::map`; that is, a JSON array or object is constructed from the values in the range.
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
       and `last` are not compatible (i.e., do not belong to the same JSON value). In this case, the range
       `[first, last)` is undefined.
     - Throws [`invalid_iterator.204`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204) if iterators `first`
-      and `last` belong to a primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but `first` does not point to the first
-      element anymore. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined. See the example code below.
+      and `last` belong to a primitive type (number, boolean, string, or binary), but `first` does not point to the
+      first element anymore. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined. See the example code below.
     - Throws [`invalid_iterator.206`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206) if iterators `first`
       and `last` belong to a `#!json null` value. In this case, the range `[first, last)` is undefined.
 8. (none)
@@ -423,6 +423,8 @@ basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
 4. Since version 3.2.0.
 5. Since version 1.0.0.
 6. Since version 1.0.0.
-7. Since version 1.0.0.
+7. Since version 1.0.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to also check the iterator range for binary values; before, a range
+   that did not cover the whole value (such as `(end(), end())`) was accepted and the whole binary value was copied,
+   unlike the other primitive types.
 8. Since version 1.0.0.
 9. Since version 1.0.0.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/clear.md

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ void clear() noexcept;
 Clears the content of a JSON value and resets it to the default value as if [`basic_json(value_t)`](basic_json.md) would
 have been called with the current value type from [`type()`](type.md):
 
-| Value type | initial value        |
-|------------|----------------------|
-| null       | `null`               |
-| boolean    | `false`              |
-| string     | `""`                 |
-| number     | `0`                  |
-| binary     | An empty byte vector |
-| object     | `{}`                 |
-| array      | `[]`                 |
+| Value type | initial value                           |
+|------------|-----------------------------------------|
+| null       | `null`                                  |
+| boolean    | `false`                                 |
+| string     | `""`                                    |
+| number     | `0`                                     |
+| binary     | An empty byte vector with no subtype    |
+| object     | `{}`                                    |
+| array      | `[]`                                    |
 
 Has the same effect as calling
 
@@ -56,3 +56,4 @@ All iterators, pointers, and references related to this container are invalidate
 
 - Added in version 1.0.0.
 - Added support for binary types in version 3.8.0.
+- Fixed in version 3.13.0 to also clear the subtype of a binary value; before, the subtype was left unchanged.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/contains.md

@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 
 - This method always returns `#!cpp false` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
 - This method can be executed on any JSON value type.
+- Calling this function with an integer argument (for example, `#!cpp contains(0)`) does not compile: such an argument
+  would otherwise implicitly convert to a null `#!cpp const char*` and, from there, cause undefined behavior when
+  constructing a `#!cpp std::string` for the object key. To check for an array element instead, use [`at`](at.md),
+  [`operator[]`](operator%5B%5D.md), or compare against [`size`](size.md).
 
 !!! info "Postconditions"
 
@@ -117,3 +121,5 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 1. Added in version 3.11.0.
 2. Added in version 3.6.0. Extended template `KeyType` to support comparable types in version 3.11.0.
 3. Added in version 3.7.0.
+4. Deleted overloads for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time instead of
+   causing undefined behavior at runtime.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/count.md

@@ -40,7 +40,11 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 
 ## Notes
 
-This method always returns `0` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+- This method always returns `0` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+- Calling this function with an integer argument (for example, `#!cpp count(0)`) does not compile: such an argument
+  would otherwise implicitly convert to a null `#!cpp const char*` and, from there, cause undefined behavior when
+  constructing a `#!cpp std::string` for the object key. To check for an array element instead, use [`at`](at.md),
+  [`operator[]`](operator%5B%5D.md), or compare against [`size`](size.md).
 
 ## Examples
 
@@ -81,3 +85,5 @@ This method always returns `0` when executed on a JSON type that is not an objec
 
 1. Added in version 3.11.0.
 2. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed parameter `key` type to `KeyType&&` in version 3.11.0.
+3. Deleted overload for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time instead of
+   causing undefined behavior at runtime.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/find.md

@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 
 ## Notes
 
-This method always returns `end()` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+- This method always returns `end()` when executed on a JSON type that is not an object.
+- Calling this function with an integer argument (for example, `#!cpp find(0)`) does not compile: such an argument
+  would otherwise implicitly convert to a null `#!cpp const char*` and, from there, cause undefined behavior when
+  constructing a `#!cpp std::string` for the object key. To access an array element instead, use [`at`](at.md),
+  [`operator[]`](operator%5B%5D.md), or compare against [`size`](size.md).
 
 ## Examples
 
@@ -85,3 +89,5 @@ This method always returns `end()` when executed on a JSON type that is not an o
 
 1. Added in version 3.11.0.
 2. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed to support comparable types in version 3.11.0.
+3. Deleted overloads for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time instead of
+   causing undefined behavior at runtime.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/insert.md

@@ -195,5 +195,7 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact
 1. Added in version 1.0.0.
 2. Added in version 1.0.0.
 3. Added in version 1.0.0.
-4. Added in version 1.0.0.
+4. Added in version 1.0.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to copy the values before inserting; before, an `ilist` that
+   referred to elements of the array being inserted into could insert wrong values, because the range insert could
+   move from or shift an element before it was copied.
 5. Added in version 3.0.0.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/number_float_t.md

@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ type to use.
 ## Template parameters
 
 `NumberFloatType`
-:   the type to store floating-point numbers. Parsing and serialization are implemented in terms of
-    `#!cpp std::strtof`/`#!cpp std::strtod`/`#!cpp std::strtold` and `#!cpp std::snprintf`, so the type must be
-    `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, or `#!cpp long double`. The
+:   the type to store floating-point numbers. The parser converts `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, and a
+    `#!cpp long double` that is IEEE 754 binary64 itself and other `#!cpp long double` formats with
+    `#!cpp std::from_chars` or `#!cpp std::strtold`, and serialization falls back to `#!cpp std::snprintf`, so the
+    type must be `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, or `#!cpp long double`. The
     [binary formats](../../features/binary_formats/index.md) additionally require `#!cpp float` or `#!cpp double`,
     because they have no encoding for `#!cpp long double`. See
     [Template Parameter Requirements](../../features/types/template_parameters.md#numberfloattype).

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/operator[].md

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact
 1. The function can throw the following exceptions:
     - Throws [`type_error.305`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error305) if the JSON value is not an array
       or null; in that case, using the `[]` operator with an index makes no sense.
+    - Throws `#!cpp std::length_error` if `idx` equals the maximum value of `size_type`; the array is left unchanged.
+      (This is the one index for which growing the array to hold it cannot be expressed as a `size_type` size, the same
+      way an oversized [`resize`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/vector/resize) throws.)
 2. The function can throw the following exceptions:
     - Throws [`type_error.305`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error305) if the JSON value is not an object
       or null; in that case, using the `[]` operator with a key makes no sense.
@@ -257,7 +260,8 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact
 
 ## Version history
 
-1. Added in version 1.0.0.
+1. Added in version 1.0.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to throw `#!cpp std::length_error` instead of emptying the array and
+   accessing it out of bounds when `idx` equals the maximum value of `size_type`.
 2. Added in version 1.0.0. Added overloads for `T* key` in version 1.1.0. Removed overloads for `T* key` (replaced by 3)
    in version 3.11.0.
 3. Added in version 3.11.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parse.md

@@ -88,7 +88,12 @@ Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON va
 ## Exceptions
 
 - Throws [`parse_error.101`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) in case of an unexpected token, or
-  empty input like a null `FILE*` or `char*` pointer.
+  empty input like a null `FILE*` or `char*` pointer, or an `std::istream` without a stream buffer
+  (`#!cpp i.rdbuf() == nullptr`, for instance `#!cpp std::istream(nullptr)`).
+- If reading from an `std::istream` reaches the end of the input and `eofbit` is part of the stream's
+  [`exceptions()`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ios/exceptions) mask, the `std::ios_base::failure`
+  thrown by the stream itself propagates instead of a `parse_error`, the same as it would for the standard library's
+  own extraction operators.
 
 ## Complexity
 
@@ -254,6 +259,8 @@ outside of a string, invalid) byte; see the [FAQ entry](../../home/faq.md#nul-by
 - Extended overload (2) to accept heterogeneous iterator+sentinel pairs (C++20 ranges support) in version 3.13.0.
 - `JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING` added in version 3.13.0 to optionally reject a NUL byte in the input instead of treating
   it as end of input; planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.
+- Extended empty-input detection to also cover an `std::istream` without a stream buffer, and fixed a crash
+  (`std::terminate`) when parsing from an `std::istream` with `eofbit` in its exception mask, in version 3.13.0.
 
 !!! warning "Deprecation"
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md

@@ -100,3 +100,6 @@ the latter case, it is skipped completely, or replaced by `null` if it is the to
 - Added in version 1.0.0.
 - Fixed in version 3.13.0 to also remove discarded values from a parent object; before, discarding an array or a value
   stored under an object key left a discarded member behind, which made the parse result serialize to invalid JSON.
+- Fixed in version 3.13.0 so that discarding an array or object at its start event also hides its content from the
+  callback, as documented above; before, the callback was still called for the content, and the key of every member of
+  a discarded object was kept in memory until the parse ended.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/swap.md

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ void swap(reference other) noexcept (
     std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value &&
     std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value &&
     std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value &&
-    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_base_class_t>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_base_class_t>::value
 );
 
 // (2)
@@ -14,7 +16,9 @@ friend void swap(reference left, reference right) noexcept (
     std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value &&
     std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value &&
     std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value &&
-    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_base_class_t>::value &&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_base_class_t>::value
 );
 
 // (3)
@@ -37,11 +41,15 @@ void swap(typename binary_t::container_type& other);
    individual elements. All iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is invalidated. If macro
    [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) is defined to `#!cpp 1`, the
    [`start_pos()`](start_pos.md)/[`end_pos()`](end_pos.md) diagnostic positions are exchanged along with the value.
+   The [`json_base_class_t`](json_base_class_t.md) subobject is exchanged along with the value as well, the same way it
+   is copied or moved by the copy/move constructors and assignment operators.
 2. Exchanges the contents of the JSON value from `left` with those of `right`. Does not invoke any move, copy, or swap
    operations on individual elements. All iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is
    invalidated. Implemented as a friend function callable via ADL. If macro
    [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) is defined to `#!cpp 1`, the
    [`start_pos()`](start_pos.md)/[`end_pos()`](end_pos.md) diagnostic positions are exchanged along with the value.
+   The [`json_base_class_t`](json_base_class_t.md) subobject is exchanged along with the value as well, the same way it
+   is copied or moved by the copy/move constructors and assignment operators.
 3. Exchanges the contents of a JSON array with those of `other`. Does not invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on
    individual elements. All iterators and references remain valid. The past-the-end iterator is invalidated. 
 4. Exchanges the contents of a JSON object with those of `other`. Does not invoke any move, copy, or swap operations on
@@ -164,8 +172,8 @@ Constant.
 
 ## Version history
 
-1. Since version 1.0.0.
-2. Since version 1.0.0.
+1. Since version 1.0.0. Exchanges the `json_base_class_t` subobject along with the value since version 3.13.0.
+2. Since version 1.0.0. Exchanges the `json_base_class_t` subobject along with the value since version 3.13.0.
 3. Since version 1.0.0.
 4. Since version 1.0.0.
 5. Since version 1.0.0.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_bson.md

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON va
 - Throws [`out_of_range.412`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range412) if the length of a document, array,
   string, or binary value exceeds the range of the 32-bit BSON length field; example:
   `"BSON length 2147483661 exceeds maximum of 2147483647"`
+- Throws [`out_of_range.415`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range415) if the subtype of a binary value
+  exceeds 255, the maximum of the BSON binary subtype; example:
+  `"subtype 70000 is too large for the BSON binary subtype (max 255)"`
 
 ## Complexity
 
@@ -78,3 +81,4 @@ pass before anything is written.
 
 - Added in version 3.4.0.
 - Linear in the size of `j`, and no longer limited by the call stack for deeply nested values, since version 3.13.0.
+- `out_of_range.415` is now detected before anything is written, like the other exceptions above, since version 3.13.0.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_msgpack.md

@@ -76,3 +76,6 @@ Linear in the size of the JSON value `j`.
 
 - Added in version 2.0.9.
 - Throws `out_of_range.412` and `out_of_range.415` since version 3.13.0.
+- Fixed in version 3.13.0 to serialize `number_integer_t`/`number_unsigned_t` pairs of different width correctly;
+  before, integers could be serialized with the wrong value if `number_integer_t` was narrower than
+  `number_unsigned_t`.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value.md

@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ This is equivalent to Python's `dict.get(key, default)`.
     - Unlike [`operator[]`](operator[].md), this function does not implicitly add an element to the position defined by
      `key`/`ptr` key. This function is furthermore also applicable to const objects.
 
+!!! note "Integer keys"
+
+    Calling this function with an integer `key` argument (for example, `#!cpp value(0, 1)`) does not compile in
+    C++11, where `object_comparator_t` is not transparent: such an argument would otherwise implicitly convert to a
+    null `#!cpp const char*` and, from there, cause undefined behavior when constructing a `#!cpp std::string` for the
+    object key. To access an array element with a default value, use [`at`](at.md) together with a `#!cpp try`/`#!cpp
+    catch` block, or compare against [`size`](size.md) instead.
+
 ## Template parameters
 
 `KeyType`
@@ -184,7 +192,9 @@ changes to any JSON value.
 
 ## Version history
 
-1. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed parameter `default_value` type from `const ValueType&` to `ValueType&&` in version 3.11.0.
+1. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed parameter `default_value` type from `const ValueType&` to `ValueType&&` in version
+   3.11.0. Deleted overload for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time
+   instead of causing undefined behavior at runtime.
 2. Added in version 3.11.0. Made `ValueType` the first template parameter in version 3.11.2.
 3. Added in version 2.0.2. Extended to work with arrays in version 3.13.0, including fixing an issue where resolving
    `ptr` through an array unexpectedly threw `out_of_range` instead of returning the resolved element (or

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/index.md

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ header. See also the [macro overview page](../../features/macros.md).
 - [**JSON_HAS_RANGES**](json_has_ranges.md) - control `std::ranges` support
 - [**JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT**](json_has_std_format.md) - control `std::format`/`std::formatter` support
 - [**JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON**](json_has_three_way_comparison.md) - control 3-way comparison support
+- [**JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS**](json_no_automatic_udls.md) - do not include the user-defined string literals (UDLs) automatically
 - [**JSON_NO_IO**](json_no_io.md) - switch off functions relying on certain C++ I/O headers
 - [**JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL**](json_no_thread_local.md) - switch off the use of `thread_local` storage
 - [**JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK**](json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check.md) - do not warn about unsupported compilers

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS
+
+```cpp
+#define JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS
+```
+
+When defined, `<nlohmann/json.hpp>` does not include `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`, so the user-defined string
+literals [`operator""_json`](../operator_literal_json.md) and
+[`operator""_json_pointer`](../operator_literal_json_pointer.md) are not declared. Include
+`<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>` in the files that use them.
+
+The literals are ordinary inline functions whose bodies call the parser, so every translation unit that includes them
+instantiates the parser — even if it never parses anything itself. Defining `JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS` for a whole project
+avoids this cost in translation units that do not parse (e.g., ones that only define types and conversions or pass
+`json` values around) and reduces their compile time.
+
+## Default definition
+
+By default, `#!cpp JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS` is not defined, and `<nlohmann/json.hpp>` includes
+`<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`.
+
+```cpp
+#undef JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! info "Header `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`"
+
+    The header includes `<nlohmann/json.hpp>` itself and places the literals according to
+    [`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](json_use_global_udls.md). It is part of the multi-header sources (`include/nlohmann`)
+    and of the single-header sources (`single_include/nlohmann`), next to `json.hpp`.
+
+!!! info "C++ modules"
+
+    The `nlohmann.json` [module](../../features/modules.md) always exports the literals, regardless of this macro.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The code below includes the library without the literals and adds them in a single translation unit.
+
+    ```cpp
+    // compiled with -DJSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS for the whole project
+    #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+    // this file uses the literals, so it includes them explicitly
+    #include <nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        auto j = R"({"foo": 42})"_json;
+        return j.at("/foo"_json_pointer) == 42 ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Without the include of `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`, the code would fail to compile.
+
+## See also
+
+- [`operator""_json`](../operator_literal_json.md)
+- [`operator""_json_pointer`](../operator_literal_json_pointer.md)
+- [`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](json_use_global_udls.md) - place user-defined string literals (UDLs) into the global namespace
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.13.0.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling.md

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ byte is still not rejected:
   [`from_msgpack`](../basic_json/from_msgpack.md), [`from_ubjson`](../basic_json/from_ubjson.md)) are never affected: there, `0x00` is ordinary data.
 - A bare `const char*` pointer has no length of its own, so its length is still determined with `strlen()`. The first
   NUL byte therefore still marks the end of the input, and nothing after it is read.
-- One trailing `'\0'` at the end of a `char` array (e.g., a string literal) is trimmed; see the warning below.
+- One trailing `'\0'` at the end of a `char`, `wchar_t`, `char16_t`, `char32_t`, or (C++20) `char8_t` array (e.g., a
+  string literal) is trimmed; see the warning below.
 
 ## Default definition
 
@@ -57,13 +58,15 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
     This macro must be defined **before** including `<nlohmann/json.hpp>`. Defining it after the include has no
     effect.
 
-    Enabling it also changes how a `char` array (including a string literal, e.g. `json::parse("123")`) is read: such
-    an array normally carries a trailing `'\0'` contributed by the compiler, not by the source text. With this macro
-    enabled, that one trailing byte is trimmed if present so that parsing a string literal keeps working; every other
-    byte in the array - including any `'\0'` that is not the very last element - is read as real data and rejected
-    like any other unexpected byte. Arrays of any other element type (`unsigned char`, `std::uint8_t`, ...), as used
-    for CBOR or MessagePack, are never affected by this trimming; their full extent - including a genuine trailing
-    `0x00` - is always preserved, in both states of this macro.
+    Enabling it also changes how an array of a text-literal element type (`char`, `wchar_t`, `char16_t`, `char32_t`,
+    or, since C++20, `char8_t` - including a string literal, e.g. `json::parse("123")` or `json::parse(L"123")`) is
+    read: such an array normally carries a trailing `'\0'` contributed by the compiler, not by the source text. With
+    this macro enabled, that one trailing element is trimmed if present so that parsing a string literal keeps
+    working, for any of these character types; every other element in the array - including any `'\0'` that is not
+    the very last element - is read as real data and rejected like any other unexpected byte. Arrays of any other
+    element type (`unsigned char`, `std::uint8_t`, ...), as used for CBOR or MessagePack, are never affected by this
+    trimming; their full extent - including a genuine trailing `0x00` - is always preserved, in both states of this
+    macro.
 
 !!! note "ABI compatibility"
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_use_global_udls.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The default value is `1`.
 #define JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS 1
 ```
 
-When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
+When the macro is not defined, the library behaves as if it were defined to its default value.
 
 ## Notes
 
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
     [`JSON_GlobalUDLs`](../../integration/cmake.md#json_globaludls) (`ON` by default) which defines
     `JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS` accordingly.
 
+!!! info "Leaving out the literals"
+
+    If [`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](json_no_automatic_udls.md) is defined, the literals are only declared where
+    `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>` is included; this macro then applies to that header.
+
 ## Examples
 
 ??? example "Example 1: Default behavior"
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
 
 - [`operator""_json`](../operator_literal_json.md)
 - [`operator""_json_pointer`](../operator_literal_json_pointer.md)
+- [`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](json_no_automatic_udls.md) - do not include the user-defined string literals automatically
 - [:simple-cmake: JSON_GlobalUDLs](../../integration/cmake.md#json_globaludls) - CMake option to control the macro
 
 ## Version history

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_gtgt.md

@@ -18,9 +18,18 @@ Deserializes an input stream to a JSON value.
 
 the stream `i`
 
+## Exception safety
+
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in `j`.
+
 ## Exceptions
 
-- Throws [`parse_error.101`](../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) in case of an unexpected token.
+- Throws [`parse_error.101`](../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) in case of an unexpected token, or if
+  `i` has no stream buffer (`#!cpp i.rdbuf() == nullptr`, for instance `#!cpp std::istream(nullptr)`).
+- If reading from `i` reaches the end of the input and `eofbit` is part of `i`'s
+  [`exceptions()`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/basic_ios/exceptions) mask, the `std::ios_base::failure`
+  thrown by `i` itself propagates instead of a `parse_error`, the same as it would for the standard library's own
+  extraction operators.
 
 ## Complexity
 
@@ -118,3 +127,7 @@ being read.
   it as end of input; planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.
 - `JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION` added in version 3.13.0 to optionally leave the character that terminates a number in
   the stream; planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.
+- Fixed a null pointer dereference for an `std::istream` without a stream buffer (now throws `parse_error.101`), and a
+  crash (`std::terminate`) when `i` has `eofbit` in its exception mask, in version 3.13.0.
+- Changed to the strong exception safety guarantee in version 3.13.0: `j` is no longer left with a partially parsed
+  value if parsing throws.

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json.md

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ using namespace nlohmann;
 ```
 
 This is suggested to ease migration to the next major version release of the library. See
-[`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](macros/json_use_global_udls.md#notes) for details.
+[`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](macros/json_use_global_udls.md#notes) for details. The operator is declared in header
+`<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`, which `<nlohmann/json.hpp>` includes unless
+[`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md) is defined.
 
 ## Parameters
 
@@ -59,6 +61,8 @@ Linear.
 ## See also
 
 - [Creating JSON values](../features/creating_values.md) - the article on creating JSON values
+- [JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS](macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md) - do not include the user-defined string literals
+  automatically
 
 ## Version history
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json_pointer.md

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ using namespace nlohmann::literals::json_literals;
 using namespace nlohmann;
 ```
 This is suggested to ease migration to the next major version release of the library. See
-[`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](macros/json_use_global_udls.md#notes) for details.
+[`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](macros/json_use_global_udls.md#notes) for details. The operator is declared in header
+`<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>`, which `<nlohmann/json.hpp>` includes unless
+[`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md) is defined.
 
 ## Parameters
 
@@ -58,6 +60,8 @@ Linear.
 ## See also
 
 - [json_pointer](json_pointer/index.md) - type to represent JSON Pointers
+- [JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS](macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md) - do not include the user-defined string literals
+  automatically
 
 ## Version history
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/ordered_map.md

@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ A minimal map-like container that preserves insertion order for use within [`nlo
 The type uses a `std::vector` to store object elements. Therefore, adding elements can yield a reallocation in which
 case all iterators (including the `end()` iterator) and all references to the elements are invalidated.
 
+When the storage grows, the keys are copied and the mapped values are moved to the new storage. A plain `std::vector`
+would copy the whole elements instead, because their `#!cpp const` keys make them not nothrow move constructible; for
+[`ordered_json`](ordered_json.md), this would be a deep copy of every nested value. The values are only copied if
+`T` is not default constructible or not nothrow move assignable.
+
 ## Member types
 
 - **key_type** - key type (`Key`)
@@ -56,6 +61,11 @@ std::equal_to<>     // since C++14
 - **find**
 - **insert**
 
+## Exception safety
+
+**emplace**, **operator\[\]**, and **insert(value)** have the strong exception guarantee: if an exception is thrown (for
+instance, because copying a key or allocating memory fails), the contents of the container are unchanged.
+
 ## Complexity
 
 Because the elements are stored in a `std::vector` in insertion order, there is no index to look a key up by. Every
@@ -122,3 +132,4 @@ This differs from `#!cpp std::map`, where the same operations are O(log n).
 
 - Added in version 3.9.0 to implement [`nlohmann::ordered_json`](ordered_json.md).
 - Added **key_compare** member in version 3.11.0.
+- Changed in version 3.13.0: growing the storage moves the mapped values instead of copying them.

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/macros.md

@@ -83,6 +83,15 @@ When defined, default parse and serialize functions for enums are excluded and h
 
 See [full documentation of `JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION`](../api/macros/json_disable_enum_serialization.md).
 
+## `JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`
+
+When defined, `<nlohmann/json.hpp>` does not include `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>` with the user-defined string literals
+`operator""_json` and `operator""_json_pointer`. This reduces the compile time of translation units that do not use
+them, because the literals instantiate the parser in every translation unit that includes them. Include
+`<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>` where the literals are needed.
+
+See [full documentation of `JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](../api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md).
+
 ## `JSON_NO_IO`
 
 When defined, headers `<cstdio>`, `<ios>`, `<iosfwd>`, `<istream>`, and `<ostream>` are not included and parse functions

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/modules.md

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ Only the following symbols are exported from `nlohmann.json`:
 - `nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator""_json`
 - `nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator""_json_pointer`
 
+The module always exports the two user-defined string literals, even if
+[`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](../api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md) is defined when building it.
+
 Additionally, the following `nlohmann::detail` symbols are exported, solely to work around an MSVC compilation issue
 ([#3970](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3970)). They are implementation details, not part of the public API,
 and should not be used directly:

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/types/number_handling.md

@@ -71,10 +71,11 @@ otherwise, it uses unsigned integer storage.
 
     - Numbers with a decimal digit or scientific notation are always stored as `#!c double`.
     - The number types can be changed, see [Template number types](#template-number-types). 
-    - As of version 3.9.1, the conversion is realized by
-      [`std::strtoull`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtoul),
-      [`std::strtoll`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtol), and
-      [`std::strtod`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof), respectively.
+    - The library converts integers and floating-point numbers itself, independent of the locale. Floating-point
+      numbers are correctly rounded (to nearest, ties to even). Only a `#!c long double` that is not IEEE 754 binary64
+      (e.g., the 80-bit x87 format) is converted with `#!cpp std::from_chars` where available, or with
+      [`std::strtold`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof), which gets the decimal point of the
+      current locale, also one longer than one byte (e.g., in `fa_IR.UTF-8`).
 
 !!! example "Examples"
 
@@ -85,10 +86,10 @@ otherwise, it uses unsigned integer storage.
 ### Number limits
 
 - Any 64-bit signed or unsigned integer can be stored without loss of precision.
-- Numbers exceeding the limits of `#!c double` (i.e., numbers that after conversion via
-[`std::strtod`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof) are not satisfying
+- Numbers exceeding the limits of `#!c double` (i.e., numbers whose rounded value is not satisfying
 [`std::isfinite`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/isfinite) such as `#!c 1E400`) will throw exception
-[`json.exception.out_of_range.406`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range406) during parsing.
+[`json.exception.out_of_range.406`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range406) during parsing. Numbers too
+small for `#!c double` (such as `#!c 1E-400`) become zero, with the sign of the number.
 - Floating-point numbers are rounded to the next number representable as `double`. For instance
 `#!c 3.141592653589793238462643383279` is stored as [`0x400921fb54442d18`](https://float.exposed/0x400921fb54442d18).
 This is the same behavior as the code `#!c double x = 3.141592653589793238462643383279;`.

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/types/template_parameters.md

@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ Requirements are split into two groups:
     diagnosed with dedicated error messages, and violating most of them results in a compiler error somewhere inside
     the library. Four violations are not caught at compile time at all:
 
-    - A [`StringType`](#stringtype) whose `data()` is not null-terminated compiles and silently misparses numbers,
-      because the lexer hands the buffer to `#!cpp std::strtoull`/`#!cpp std::strtoll`/`#!cpp std::strtod`.
+    - A [`StringType`](#stringtype) whose `data()` is not null-terminated compiles and silently misparses numbers
+      stored as a `#!cpp long double` that is not IEEE 754 binary64 (e.g., the 80-bit x87 format), because the lexer
+      hands the buffer to `#!cpp std::strtold`.
     - A stateful [`AllocatorType`](#allocatortype) compiles and silently ignores its state: allocation, deallocation,
       and [`get_allocator()`](../../api/basic_json/get_allocator.md) each use a different default-constructed instance.
     - The two [cross-specialization conversions](#cross-specialization-conversions) below. These abort on an assertion
@@ -389,6 +390,7 @@ using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
 | Functionality                                                                                                                     | Additional requirement                                                                                                                                                                       |
 |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | [`diff`](../../api/basic_json/diff.md), [`items`](../../api/basic_json/items.md), [`std::hash`](../../api/basic_json/std_hash.md) | conversion of a `#!cpp std::size_t` to `StringType`: either assignability from the result of `#!cpp std::to_string`, or an ADL overload `#!cpp void int_to_string(StringType&, std::size_t)` |
+| [`operator/(std::size_t)`](../../api/json_pointer/operator_slash.md)                                                              | the same conversion of a `#!cpp std::size_t` to `StringType` as `diff`, `items`, and `std::hash` above                                                                                       |
 | [`std::hash<basic_json>`](../../api/basic_json/std_hash.md)                                                                       | additionally a specialization of `#!cpp std::hash<StringType>`                                                                                                                               |
 | [`to_bson`](../../api/basic_json/to_bson.md)                                                                                      | `find(value_type)` and `npos`                                                                                                                                                                |
 | [`parse`](../../api/basic_json/parse.md) from a `string_t`                                                                        | the input adapters must accept it; otherwise pass a character range                                                                                                                          |
@@ -534,8 +536,10 @@ therefore silently changes parse results rather than raising an error. See
 
 `NumberFloatType` must be one of `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, or `#!cpp long double`:
 
-- The [parser](../parsing/index.md) converts number literals with `#!cpp std::strtof`, `#!cpp std::strtod`, or
-  `#!cpp std::strtold`; the library provides overloads for exactly these three types.
+- The [parser](../parsing/index.md) converts number literals to `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, and a
+  `#!cpp long double` that is IEEE 754 binary64 itself; other `#!cpp long double` formats are converted with
+  `#!cpp std::from_chars` where available, or with `#!cpp std::strtold`. The library provides overloads for exactly
+  these three types.
 - [`dump`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) falls back to `#!cpp std::snprintf` with the `%g` and `%Lg` conversion
   specifiers, for which the library likewise provides only `#!cpp double` and `#!cpp long double` overloads
   (`#!cpp float` is promoted to `#!cpp double`).

docs/mkdocs/docs/home/license.md

@@ -19,3 +19,5 @@ The class contains the UTF-8 Decoder from Bjoern Hoehrmann which is licensed und
 The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright © 2009 [Florian Loitsch](https://florian.loitsch.com/)
 
 The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
+
+The class contains an adapted version of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm, its table of powers of five, and its digit comparison for long numbers from [fast_float](https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float) by Daniel Lemire and contributors, which is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (used here), the Apache 2.0 License, and the Boost Software License. Copyright © 2021 The fast_float authors

docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/index.md

@@ -15,4 +15,7 @@ Clang).
 
 You can further use file
 [`single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp)
-for forward declarations.
+for forward declarations, and file
+[`single_include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp)
+for the user-defined string literals if you define
+[`JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS`](../api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md).

docs/mkdocs/mkdocs.yml

@@ -293,6 +293,7 @@ nav:
           - 'JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI': api/macros/json_has_static_rtti.md
           - 'JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT': api/macros/json_has_std_format.md
           - 'JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON': api/macros/json_has_three_way_comparison.md
+          - 'JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS': api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls.md
           - 'JSON_NOEXCEPTION': api/macros/json_noexception.md
           - 'JSON_NO_IO': api/macros/json_no_io.md
           - 'JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL': api/macros/json_no_thread_local.md

include/nlohmann/detail/abi_config.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/*!
+@brief the configuration macros that change the library's behavior
+
+json.hpp undefines these macros at its end (see macro_unscope.hpp), so code
+that builds on the library after it (json_view.hpp) reads them here. Like the
+macros, they are part of the ABI namespace, so they always match the
+basic_json they are used with.
+*/
+struct abi_config
+{
+    /// JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING: a null byte is an error, not the end of input
+    static constexpr bool strict_nul_handling = JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING != 0;
+    /// JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON
+    static constexpr bool legacy_discarded_value_comparison = JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON != 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/bit_ops.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint64_t
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
+
+// Portable bit-level helpers for the number and string scanners. They use
+// compiler builtins where available and plain C++ otherwise, so they need no
+// platform headers and work regardless of byte order.
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/// number of leading zero bits of x (x != 0)
+inline int count_leading_zeros(std::uint64_t x) noexcept
+{
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_clzll(x);
+#else
+    int n = 0;
+    for (int shift = 32; shift != 0; shift >>= 1)
+    {
+        if ((x >> (64 - shift)) == 0)
+        {
+            n += shift;
+            x <<= shift;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+#endif
+}
+
+/// number of trailing zero bits of x (x != 0)
+inline int count_trailing_zeros(std::uint64_t x) noexcept
+{
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_ctzll(x);
+#else
+    int n = 0;
+    for (int shift = 32; shift != 0; shift >>= 1)
+    {
+        if ((x << (64 - shift)) == 0)
+        {
+            n += shift;
+            x >>= shift;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+#endif
+}
+
+/// the 128-bit product of two 64-bit numbers
+struct uint128_parts
+{
+    std::uint64_t low;
+    std::uint64_t high;
+};
+
+inline uint128_parts full_multiplication(std::uint64_t a, std::uint64_t b) noexcept
+{
+#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
+    __extension__ using uint128 = unsigned __int128;
+    const uint128 r = static_cast<uint128>(a) * b;
+    return {static_cast<std::uint64_t>(r), static_cast<std::uint64_t>(r >> 64u)};
+#else
+    const std::uint64_t a_lo = a & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+    const std::uint64_t a_hi = a >> 32u;
+    const std::uint64_t b_lo = b & 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+    const std::uint64_t b_hi = b >> 32u;
+    const std::uint64_t lo_lo = a_lo * b_lo;
+    const std::uint64_t hi_lo = a_hi * b_lo;
+    const std::uint64_t lo_hi = a_lo * b_hi;
+    const std::uint64_t hi_hi = a_hi * b_hi;
+    const std::uint64_t cross = (lo_lo >> 32u) + (hi_lo & 0xFFFFFFFFu) + lo_hi;
+    return {(cross << 32u) | (lo_lo & 0xFFFFFFFFu), (hi_lo >> 32u) + (cross >> 32u) + hi_hi};
+#endif
+}
+
+/// eight bytes as a little-endian word (compilers fold this into one load on
+/// little-endian targets)
+inline std::uint64_t read_eight_bytes(const unsigned char* b) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[0]) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[1]) << 8u)
+           | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[2]) << 16u) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[3]) << 24u)
+           | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[4]) << 32u) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[5]) << 40u)
+           | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[6]) << 48u) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[7]) << 56u);
+}
+
+/// eight bytes as a little-endian word
+inline std::uint64_t read_eight_bytes(const char* p) noexcept
+{
+    return read_eight_bytes(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp

@@ -167,9 +167,13 @@ template<typename BasicJsonType, typename EnumType,
          enable_if_t<std::is_enum<EnumType>::value, int> = 0>
 inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, EnumType& e)
 {
-    typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type val;
+    using underlying_type = typename std::underlying_type<EnumType>::type;
+    // get_arithmetic_value() does not accept boolean_t; read the number that to_json() wrote instead
+    using value_type = typename std::conditional<std::is_same<underlying_type, typename BasicJsonType::boolean_t>::value,
+          typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t, underlying_type>::type;
+    value_type val;
     get_arithmetic_value(j, val);
-    e = static_cast<EnumType>(val);
+    e = static_cast<EnumType>(static_cast<underlying_type>(val));
 }
 #endif  // JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION
 
@@ -564,7 +568,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::map<Key, Value, Compare, Allo
     {
         if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!p.is_array()))
         {
-            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, concat("type must be array, but is ", p.type_name()), &j));
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, concat("type must be array, but is ", p.type_name()), &p));
         }
         m.emplace(p.at(0).template get<Key>(), p.at(1).template get<Value>());
     }
@@ -584,7 +588,7 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Has
     {
         if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!p.is_array()))
         {
-            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, concat("type must be array, but is ", p.type_name()), &j));
+            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, concat("type must be array, but is ", p.type_name()), &p));
         }
         m.emplace(p.at(0).template get<Key>(), p.at(1).template get<Value>());
     }

include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ struct external_constructor<value_t::object>
 #ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
 template<typename BasicJsonType, typename T,
          enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<BasicJsonType, T>::value, int> = 0>
-void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::optional<T>& opt) noexcept
+void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::optional<T>& opt) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_assignable<BasicJsonType&, const T&>::value)
 {
     if (opt.has_value())
     {

include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp

@@ -106,7 +106,13 @@ class input_stream_adapter
             // was given back with release_lookahead()
             commit_lookahead();
 #endif
-            is->clear(is->rdstate() & std::ios::eofbit);
+            // only call clear() if there is something to clear: it throws
+            // std::ios_base::failure if the stream has exceptions() enabled
+            // for a state bit that remains set, and a destructor must not throw
+            if ((is->rdstate() & ~std::ios::eofbit) != 0)
+            {
+                is->clear(is->rdstate() & std::ios::eofbit);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -811,12 +817,16 @@ inline file_input_adapter input_adapter(std::FILE* file)
 
 inline input_stream_adapter input_adapter(std::istream& stream)
 {
+    if (stream.rdbuf() == nullptr)
+    {
+        JSON_THROW(parse_error::create(101, 0, "attempting to parse an empty input; check that your input string or stream contains the expected JSON", nullptr));
+    }
     return input_stream_adapter(stream);
 }
 
 inline input_stream_adapter input_adapter(std::istream&& stream)
 {
-    return input_stream_adapter(stream);
+    return input_adapter(stream);
 }
 #endif  // JSON_NO_IO
 
@@ -845,16 +855,28 @@ template<typename T, std::size_t N>
 auto input_adapter(T (&array)[N]) -> decltype(input_adapter(array, array + N)) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
 {
 #if JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING
-    // A `char` array from string-literal initialization (e.g. json::parse("123"))
-    // carries a trailing '\0' contributed by the compiler, not by the source
-    // text; drop exactly that one byte so it is not mistaken for real trailing
-    // data. Every other element type (unsigned char, std::uint8_t, ...) keeps
-    // the full extent unconditionally, since a trailing zero byte there is
-    // genuine data (e.g. CBOR/MessagePack). This intentionally does not
-    // strlen()-scan the array (as the pointer overload above does for a
-    // null-delimited string): for a `char` array that is not NUL-terminated
-    // within its bounds, that would read past the end of the array.
-    if (std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<T>::type, char>::value && N > 0 && array[N - 1] == 0)
+    // A text-literal array from string-literal initialization (e.g.
+    // json::parse("123") or json::parse(L"123")) carries a trailing '\0'
+    // contributed by the compiler, not by the source text; drop exactly that
+    // one byte so it is not mistaken for real trailing data. This covers all
+    // character types that string literals can use: char, wchar_t, char16_t,
+    // char32_t, and (C++20) char8_t. Every other element type (unsigned char,
+    // std::uint8_t, ...) keeps the full extent unconditionally, since a
+    // trailing zero byte there is genuine data (e.g. CBOR/MessagePack). This
+    // intentionally does not strlen()-scan the array (as the pointer overload
+    // above does for a null-delimited string): for an array that is not
+    // NUL-terminated within its bounds, that would read past the end of the
+    // array.
+    using char_t = typename std::remove_cv<T>::type;
+    constexpr bool is_text_literal_type = std::is_same<char_t, char>::value
+                                          || std::is_same<char_t, wchar_t>::value
+                                          || std::is_same<char_t, char16_t>::value
+                                          || std::is_same<char_t, char32_t>::value
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+                                          || std::is_same<char_t, char8_t>::value
+#endif
+                                          ;
+    if (is_text_literal_type && N > 0 && array[N - 1] == 0)
     {
         return input_adapter(array, array + N - 1);
     }

include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp

@@ -582,8 +582,8 @@ class json_sax_dom_callback_parser
 
     bool start_object(std::size_t len)
     {
-        // check callback for object start
-        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::object_start, discarded);
+        // check callback for object start; not called inside a discarded container
+        const bool keep = keep_stack.back() && callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::object_start, discarded);
         keep_stack.push_back(keep);
 
         // the key this object will be stored under, read before handle_value()
@@ -619,6 +619,18 @@ class json_sax_dom_callback_parser
 
     bool key(string_t& val)
     {
+        if (!keep_stack.back() || !ref_stack.back())
+        {
+            // the object is not stored: the value of this key is dropped in
+            // handle_value() without touching the key stacks
+            if (keep_stack.back())
+            {
+                BasicJsonType k = BasicJsonType(val);
+                static_cast<void>(callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::key, k));
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
         BasicJsonType k = BasicJsonType(val);
 
         // check callback for the key
@@ -704,7 +716,7 @@ class json_sax_dom_callback_parser
 
     bool start_array(std::size_t len)
     {
-        const bool keep = callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::array_start, discarded);
+        const bool keep = keep_stack.back() && callback(static_cast<int>(ref_stack.size()), parse_event_t::array_start, discarded);
         keep_stack.push_back(keep);
 
         // see start_object()

include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array> // array
-#include <clocale> // localeconv
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <cstdio> // snprintf
-#include <cstdlib> // strtof, strtod, strtold, strtoll, strtoull
 #include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
 #include <string> // char_traits, string
 #include <utility> // move
@@ -217,22 +215,48 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
     ~lexer() = default;
 
   private:
-    /////////////////////
-    // locales
-    /////////////////////
-
-    /// return the decimal point of the current locale
-    static char get_decimal_point() noexcept
-    {
-        const auto* loc = localeconv();
-        JSON_ASSERT(loc != nullptr);
-        return (loc->decimal_point == nullptr) ? '.' : *(loc->decimal_point);
-    }
-
     /////////////////////
     // scan functions
     /////////////////////
 
+    /// contiguous input: try to decode the 4 hex digits following `\u`
+    /// directly from the input buffer via hex_codepoint(), instead of 4 calls
+    /// to get(). On success, advances the adapter and the position counters
+    /// exactly as those 4 get() calls would (a hex digit is never '\n', so
+    /// only the flat counters move) and leaves @a current holding the last of
+    /// the 4 digits, just as the last such get() would; the codepoint is
+    /// written to @a out. Makes no state change and returns false - for a
+    /// pending unget, fewer than 4 remaining bytes, or any of the 4 bytes not
+    /// being a hex digit - so the caller falls back unchanged to the
+    /// per-character loop, which then reports the same diagnostic (stopping
+    /// at the first invalid digit) as before this optimization.
+    bool get_codepoint_bulk(std::true_type /*bulk*/, int& out)
+    {
+        if (next_unget || ia.bulk_remaining() < 4)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const char_type* const raw = ia.bulk_data();
+        const int codepoint = hex_codepoint(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(raw));
+        if (codepoint < 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ia.bulk_skip(4);
+        // a hex digit is never a newline, so only the flat counters advance
+        position.chars_read_total += 4;
+        position.chars_read_current_line += 4;
+        current = char_traits<char_type>::to_int_type(raw[3]);
+        out = codepoint;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// streaming input: no bulk fast path
+    bool get_codepoint_bulk(std::false_type /*bulk*/, int& /*out*/) const noexcept
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /*!
     @brief get codepoint from 4 hex characters following `\u`
 
@@ -252,6 +276,14 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
     {
         // this function only makes sense after reading `\u`
         JSON_ASSERT(current == 'u');
+
+        // contiguous input: decode all 4 hex digits directly from the buffer
+        int fast_codepoint = 0;
+        if (get_codepoint_bulk(std::integral_constant<bool, bulk_scan> {}, fast_codepoint))
+        {
+            return fast_codepoint;
+        }
+
         int codepoint = 0;
 
         const auto factors = { 12u, 8u, 4u, 0u };
@@ -1036,24 +1068,6 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
         }
     }
 
-    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
-    static void strtof(float& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
-    {
-        f = std::strtof(str, endptr);
-    }
-
-    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
-    static void strtof(double& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
-    {
-        f = std::strtod(str, endptr);
-    }
-
-    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
-    static void strtof(long double& f, const char* str, char** endptr) noexcept
-    {
-        f = std::strtold(str, endptr);
-    }
-
     /*!
     @brief scan a number literal
 
@@ -1091,9 +1105,11 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
             token_type::parse_error otherwise
 
     @note The scanner is independent of the current locale: token_buffer
-          always holds `.`. Only the std::strtod fallback of convert_number()
-          depends on the locale, and it looks up the decimal point right
-          before converting (see convert_float_locale_aware()).
+          always holds `.`. The conversion of float and double does not use
+          the locale either. Only the std::strtold fallback of
+          convert_number() for long double formats other than binary64
+          depends on it, and it looks up the decimal point right before
+          converting (see detail::convert_float_locale_aware()).
     */
     token_type scan_number()  // lgtm [cpp/use-of-goto] `goto` is used in this function to implement the number-parsing state machine described above. By design, any finite input will eventually reach the "done" state or return token_type::parse_error. In each intermediate state, 1 byte of the input is appended to the token_buffer vector, and only the already initialized variables token_buffer, number_type, and error_message are manipulated.
     {
@@ -1106,7 +1122,7 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
 
         // offset just past the last mantissa byte in token_buffer (i.e. the
         // index of 'e'/'E', or the whole token when there is no exponent).
-        // convert_number() uses it to count significant digits; npos means
+        // convert_number() uses it to split the token; npos means
         // "not seen an exponent yet" and is resolved at scan_number_done
         std::size_t mantissa_end = std::string::npos;
 
@@ -1424,59 +1440,6 @@ scan_number_done:
         return token_type::uninitialized;
     }
 
-    /*!
-    @brief check whether Clinger's fast path can still succeed for this token
-
-    parse_float_fast() needs a significand below 2^53. A mantissa with 17 or
-    more significant digits is at least 10^16 and therefore always exceeds it,
-    so calling the fast path would walk the token one extra time only to
-    decline before strtod has to run anyway.
-
-    Significant digits are the mantissa's digits from the first nonzero one on;
-    the sign, the decimal point, leading zeros, and the exponent do not count.
-    The answer is derived from indices - the digits are not scanned again - so
-    this stays off the hot path of the number scanners.
-
-    @param[in] mantissa_end  offset just past the last mantissa byte in
-                             token_buffer
-    @return false if parse_float_fast() is guaranteed to decline
-    */
-    bool mantissa_fits_clinger(std::size_t mantissa_end) const
-    {
-        // 10^16 already exceeds 2^53, so 17 digits can never fit
-        constexpr std::size_t limit = 17;
-
-        const std::size_t neg = (!token_buffer.empty() && token_buffer[0] == '-') ? 1u : 0u;
-        const std::size_t has_dot = (decimal_point_position != std::string::npos) ? 1u : 0u;
-        // the JSON grammar restricts the integer part to "0" or [1-9][0-9]*, so
-        // a leading zero can only be a lone "0", which is not significant
-        const std::size_t lead_zero = (token_buffer[neg] == '0') ? 1u : 0u;
-        JSON_ASSERT(mantissa_end >= neg + has_dot + lead_zero);
-        std::size_t digits = mantissa_end - neg - has_dot - lead_zero;
-
-        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(digits < limit))
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // Only a number below 1 can carry further insignificant zeros, and only
-        // while the count stays at the limit does removing them change the
-        // answer - so this loop is skipped for all but a few tokens. The
-        // fraction is located through decimal_point_position rather than by
-        // searching '.'.
-        if (lead_zero != 0)
-        {
-            JSON_ASSERT(has_dot != 0); // an integer "0" cannot reach the limit
-            for (std::size_t i = decimal_point_position + 1;
-                    digits >= limit && i < mantissa_end && token_buffer[i] == '0'; ++i)
-            {
-                --digits;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return digits < limit;
-    }
-
     /*!
     @brief convert the number text in token_buffer to its value and token type
 
@@ -1489,8 +1452,8 @@ scan_number_done:
     @param[in] mantissa_end  offset just past the last mantissa byte in
                              token_buffer (the index of 'e'/'E', or
                              token_buffer.size() when there is no exponent);
-                             used to skip Clinger's fast path when it cannot
-                             possibly succeed - see mantissa_fits_clinger()
+                             with decimal_point_position, it locates the parts
+                             of a float token without scanning it again
     */
     token_type convert_number(token_type number_type, std::size_t mantissa_end)
     {
@@ -1559,81 +1522,20 @@ scan_number_done:
         }
 
         // this code is reached if we parse a floating-point number or if an
-        // integer conversion above overflowed. Prefer std::from_chars
-        // (Eisel-Lemire, locale-independent, correctly rounded) when available;
-        // otherwise the exact Clinger fast path (double only); otherwise the
-        // locale-aware strtof/strtod/strtold.
-        if (parse_float_from_chars(num_begin, num_end, value_float))
-        {
-            return token_type::value_float;
-        }
-        // Skipping a fast path that cannot succeed is lossless and saves a full
-        // extra pass over the token's bytes, which otherwise shows up on
-        // high-precision inputs such as canada.json
-        if (mantissa_fits_clinger(mantissa_end)
-                && parse_float_fast(num_begin, num_end, value_float))
+        // integer conversion above overflowed. float and double (and long
+        // double where it is binary64) are converted by the library itself,
+        // correctly rounded and independent of the locale; other long double
+        // formats use std::from_chars when available, otherwise the
+        // locale-aware strtold.
+        if (convert_float_fast(num_begin, num_end, decimal_point_position, mantissa_end, value_float))
         {
             return token_type::value_float;
         }
 
-        convert_float_locale_aware();
+        convert_float_locale_aware(token_buffer, decimal_point_position, value_float);
         return token_type::value_float;
     }
 
-    /*!
-    @brief convert the float in token_buffer with strtof/strtod/strtold
-
-    These functions expect the decimal point of the *current* locale, so it is
-    looked up right before the conversion instead of once when the lexer is
-    constructed: a locale change in between (by a parser callback, a SAX
-    handler, or another thread) must not truncate the value (#5198). The
-    token has been validated before, so if the conversion stops early and the
-    decimal point changed in the meantime, the locale changed between the
-    lookup and the call, and the conversion is repeated with the new decimal
-    point. If the decimal point did not change, a retry cannot succeed: the
-    locale's decimal point is not a single character (e.g., the two-byte
-    U+066B of ar_EG.UTF-8 or fa_IR.UTF-8) and cannot be substituted in place.
-    The value strtod parsed up to that point is kept, as before this change.
-
-    Note that changing the locale in another thread *while* strtod runs is
-    undefined behavior of the C library, which this function cannot prevent.
-    */
-    void convert_float_locale_aware()
-    {
-        const bool has_dot = decimal_point_position != std::string::npos;
-        char decimal_point = get_decimal_point();
-        for (;;)
-        {
-            const bool substitute = has_dot && decimal_point != '.';
-            if (substitute)
-            {
-                token_buffer[decimal_point_position] = static_cast<typename string_t::value_type>(decimal_point);
-            }
-
-            char* endptr = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness,cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
-            strtof(value_float, token_buffer.data(), &endptr);
-
-            if (substitute)
-            {
-                // get_string() hands the token to the SAX interface with '.'
-                token_buffer[decimal_point_position] = '.';
-            }
-
-            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(endptr == token_buffer.data() + token_buffer.size()))
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // retry only if the locale changed; otherwise, this would loop forever
-            const char current_decimal_point = get_decimal_point();
-            if (current_decimal_point == decimal_point)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-            decimal_point = current_decimal_point;
-        }
-    }
-
     /*!
     @brief contiguous fast path for scanning a number
 

include/nlohmann/detail/input/pow5_table.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 The fast_float authors <https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float>
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstdint> // int64_t, uint64_t
+
+#include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+
+/// the range of decimal exponents covered by pow5_128()
+constexpr std::int64_t pow5_128_smallest_power = -342;
+constexpr std::int64_t pow5_128_largest_power = 308;
+
+/*!
+@brief 128-bit approximations of 5^q for q in [-342, 308]
+
+Entry q (at index 2 * (q + 342)) holds the most significant 128 bits of 5^q,
+normalized so that the highest bit is set: for q >= 0 the truncated value, for
+q < 0 the value rounded up. This is the table of fast_float (Daniel Lemire and
+contributors, used under the MIT license), generated like its
+script/table_generation.py; unit-class_lexer.cpp recomputes every entry.
+*/
+inline const std::array<std::uint64_t, 1302>& pow5_128() noexcept
+{
+    static const std::array<std::uint64_t, 1302> table =
+    {
+        {
+            0xeef453d6923bd65au, 0x113faa2906a13b3fu, 0x9558b4661b6565f8u, 0x4ac7ca59a424c507u,
+            0xbaaee17fa23ebf76u, 0x5d79bcf00d2df649u, 0xe95a99df8ace6f53u, 0xf4d82c2c107973dcu,
+            0x91d8a02bb6c10594u, 0x79071b9b8a4be869u, 0xb64ec836a47146f9u, 0x9748e2826cdee284u,
+            0xe3e27a444d8d98b7u, 0xfd1b1b2308169b25u, 0x8e6d8c6ab0787f72u, 0xfe30f0f5e50e20f7u,
+            0xb208ef855c969f4fu, 0xbdbd2d335e51a935u, 0xde8b2b66b3bc4723u, 0xad2c788035e61382u,
+            0x8b16fb203055ac76u, 0x4c3bcb5021afcc31u, 0xaddcb9e83c6b1793u, 0xdf4abe242a1bbf3du,
+            0xd953e8624b85dd78u, 0xd71d6dad34a2af0du, 0x87d4713d6f33aa6bu, 0x8672648c40e5ad68u,
+            0xa9c98d8ccb009506u, 0x680efdaf511f18c2u, 0xd43bf0effdc0ba48u, 0x0212bd1b2566def2u,
+            0x84a57695fe98746du, 0x014bb630f7604b57u, 0xa5ced43b7e3e9188u, 0x419ea3bd35385e2du,
+            0xcf42894a5dce35eau, 0x52064cac828675b9u, 0x818995ce7aa0e1b2u, 0x7343efebd1940993u,
+            0xa1ebfb4219491a1fu, 0x1014ebe6c5f90bf8u, 0xca66fa129f9b60a6u, 0xd41a26e077774ef6u,
+            0xfd00b897478238d0u, 0x8920b098955522b4u, 0x9e20735e8cb16382u, 0x55b46e5f5d5535b0u,
+            0xc5a890362fddbc62u, 0xeb2189f734aa831du, 0xf712b443bbd52b7bu, 0xa5e9ec7501d523e4u,
+            0x9a6bb0aa55653b2du, 0x47b233c92125366eu, 0xc1069cd4eabe89f8u, 0x999ec0bb696e840au,
+            0xf148440a256e2c76u, 0xc00670ea43ca250du, 0x96cd2a865764dbcau, 0x380406926a5e5728u,
+            0xbc807527ed3e12bcu, 0xc605083704f5ecf2u, 0xeba09271e88d976bu, 0xf7864a44c633682eu,
+            0x93445b8731587ea3u, 0x7ab3ee6afbe0211du, 0xb8157268fdae9e4cu, 0x5960ea05bad82964u,
+            0xe61acf033d1a45dfu, 0x6fb92487298e33bdu, 0x8fd0c16206306babu, 0xa5d3b6d479f8e056u,
+            0xb3c4f1ba87bc8696u, 0x8f48a4899877186cu, 0xe0b62e2929aba83cu, 0x331acdabfe94de87u,
+            0x8c71dcd9ba0b4925u, 0x9ff0c08b7f1d0b14u, 0xaf8e5410288e1b6fu, 0x07ecf0ae5ee44dd9u,
+            0xdb71e91432b1a24au, 0xc9e82cd9f69d6150u, 0x892731ac9faf056eu, 0xbe311c083a225cd2u,
+            0xab70fe17c79ac6cau, 0x6dbd630a48aaf406u, 0xd64d3d9db981787du, 0x092cbbccdad5b108u,
+            0x85f0468293f0eb4eu, 0x25bbf56008c58ea5u, 0xa76c582338ed2621u, 0xaf2af2b80af6f24eu,
+            0xd1476e2c07286faau, 0x1af5af660db4aee1u, 0x82cca4db847945cau, 0x50d98d9fc890ed4du,
+            0xa37fce126597973cu, 0xe50ff107bab528a0u, 0xcc5fc196fefd7d0cu, 0x1e53ed49a96272c8u,
+            0xff77b1fcbebcdc4fu, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7au, 0x9faacf3df73609b1u, 0x77b191618c54e9acu,
+            0xc795830d75038c1du, 0xd59df5b9ef6a2417u, 0xf97ae3d0d2446f25u, 0x4b0573286b44ad1du,
+            0x9becce62836ac577u, 0x4ee367f9430aec32u, 0xc2e801fb244576d5u, 0x229c41f793cda73fu,
+            0xf3a20279ed56d48au, 0x6b43527578c1110fu, 0x9845418c345644d6u, 0x830a13896b78aaa9u,
+            0xbe5691ef416bd60cu, 0x23cc986bc656d553u, 0xedec366b11c6cb8fu, 0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa8u,
+            0x94b3a202eb1c3f39u, 0x7bf7d71432f3d6a9u, 0xb9e08a83a5e34f07u, 0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc53u,
+            0xe858ad248f5c22c9u, 0xd1b3400f8f9cff68u, 0x91376c36d99995beu, 0x23100809b9c21fa1u,
+            0xb58547448ffffb2du, 0xabd40a0c2832a78au, 0xe2e69915b3fff9f9u, 0x16c90c8f323f516cu,
+            0x8dd01fad907ffc3bu, 0xae3da7d97f6792e3u, 0xb1442798f49ffb4au, 0x99cd11cfdf41779cu,
+            0xdd95317f31c7fa1du, 0x40405643d711d583u, 0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52u, 0x482835ea666b2572u,
+            0xad1c8eab5ee43b66u, 0xda3243650005eecfu, 0xd863b256369d4a40u, 0x90bed43e40076a82u,
+            0x873e4f75e2224e68u, 0x5a7744a6e804a291u, 0xa90de3535aaae202u, 0x711515d0a205cb36u,
+            0xd3515c2831559a83u, 0x0d5a5b44ca873e03u, 0x8412d9991ed58091u, 0xe858790afe9486c2u,
+            0xa5178fff668ae0b6u, 0x626e974dbe39a872u, 0xce5d73ff402d98e3u, 0xfb0a3d212dc8128fu,
+            0x80fa687f881c7f8eu, 0x7ce66634bc9d0b99u, 0xa139029f6a239f72u, 0x1c1fffc1ebc44e80u,
+            0xc987434744ac874eu, 0xa327ffb266b56220u, 0xfbe9141915d7a922u, 0x4bf1ff9f0062baa8u,
+            0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5u, 0x6f773fc3603db4a9u, 0xc4ce17b399107c22u, 0xcb550fb4384d21d3u,
+            0xf6019da07f549b2bu, 0x7e2a53a146606a48u, 0x99c102844f94e0fbu, 0x2eda7444cbfc426du,
+            0xc0314325637a1939u, 0xfa911155fefb5308u, 0xf03d93eebc589f88u, 0x793555ab7eba27cau,
+            0x96267c7535b763b5u, 0x4bc1558b2f3458deu, 0xbbb01b9283253ca2u, 0x9eb1aaedfb016f16u,
+            0xea9c227723ee8bcbu, 0x465e15a979c1cadcu, 0x92a1958a7675175fu, 0x0bfacd89ec191ec9u,
+            0xb749faed14125d36u, 0xcef980ec671f667bu, 0xe51c79a85916f484u, 0x82b7e12780e7401au,
+            0x8f31cc0937ae58d2u, 0xd1b2ecb8b0908810u, 0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07u, 0x861fa7e6dcb4aa15u,
+            0xdfbdcece67006ac9u, 0x67a791e093e1d49au, 0x8bd6a141006042bdu, 0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e0u,
+            0xaecc49914078536du, 0x58fae9f773886e18u, 0xda7f5bf590966848u, 0xaf39a475506a899eu,
+            0x888f99797a5e012du, 0x6d8406c952429603u, 0xaab37fd7d8f58178u, 0xc8e5087ba6d33b83u,
+            0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6u, 0xfb1e4a9a90880a64u, 0x855c3be0a17fcd26u, 0x5cf2eea09a55067fu,
+            0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06fu, 0xf42faa48c0ea481eu, 0xd0601d8efc57b08bu, 0xf13b94daf124da26u,
+            0x823c12795db6ce57u, 0x76c53d08d6b70858u, 0xa2cb1717b52481edu, 0x54768c4b0c64ca6eu,
+            0xcb7ddcdda26da268u, 0xa9942f5dcf7dfd09u, 0xfe5d54150b090b02u, 0xd3f93b35435d7c4cu,
+            0x9efa548d26e5a6e1u, 0xc47bc5014a1a6dafu, 0xc6b8e9b0709f109au, 0x359ab6419ca1091bu,
+            0xf867241c8cc6d4c0u, 0xc30163d203c94b62u, 0x9b407691d7fc44f8u, 0x79e0de63425dcf1du,
+            0xc21094364dfb5636u, 0x985915fc12f542e4u, 0xf294b943e17a2bc4u, 0x3e6f5b7b17b2939du,
+            0x979cf3ca6cec5b5au, 0xa705992ceecf9c42u, 0xbd8430bd08277231u, 0x50c6ff782a838353u,
+            0xece53cec4a314ebdu, 0xa4f8bf5635246428u, 0x940f4613ae5ed136u, 0x871b7795e136be99u,
+            0xb913179899f68584u, 0x28e2557b59846e3fu, 0xe757dd7ec07426e5u, 0x331aeada2fe589cfu,
+            0x9096ea6f3848984fu, 0x3ff0d2c85def7621u, 0xb4bca50b065abe63u, 0x0fed077a756b53a9u,
+            0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfbu, 0xd3e8495912c62894u, 0x8d3360f09cf6e4bdu, 0x64712dd7abbbd95cu,
+            0xb080392cc4349decu, 0xbd8d794d96aacfb3u, 0xdca04777f541c567u, 0xecf0d7a0fc5583a0u,
+            0x89e42caaf9491b60u, 0xf41686c49db57244u, 0xac5d37d5b79b6239u, 0x311c2875c522ced5u,
+            0xd77485cb25823ac7u, 0x7d633293366b828bu, 0x86a8d39ef77164bcu, 0xae5dff9c02033197u,
+            0xa8530886b54dbdebu, 0xd9f57f830283fdfcu, 0xd267caa862a12d66u, 0xd072df63c324fd7bu,
+            0x8380dea93da4bc60u, 0x4247cb9e59f71e6du, 0xa46116538d0deb78u, 0x52d9be85f074e608u,
+            0xcd795be870516656u, 0x67902e276c921f8bu, 0x806bd9714632dff6u, 0x00ba1cd8a3db53b6u,
+            0xa086cfcd97bf97f3u, 0x80e8a40eccd228a4u, 0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0u, 0x6122cd128006b2cdu,
+            0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6cu, 0x796b805720085f81u, 0x9cc3a6eec6311a63u, 0xcbe3303674053bb0u,
+            0xc3f490aa77bd60fcu, 0xbedbfc4411068a9cu, 0xf4f1b4d515acb93bu, 0xee92fb5515482d44u,
+            0x991711052d8bf3c5u, 0x751bdd152d4d1c4au, 0xbf5cd54678eef0b6u, 0xd262d45a78a0635du,
+            0xef340a98172aace4u, 0x86fb897116c87c34u, 0x9580869f0e7aac0eu, 0xd45d35e6ae3d4da0u,
+            0xbae0a846d2195712u, 0x8974836059cca109u, 0xe998d258869facd7u, 0x2bd1a438703fc94bu,
+            0x91ff83775423cc06u, 0x7b6306a34627ddcfu, 0xb67f6455292cbf08u, 0x1a3bc84c17b1d542u,
+            0xe41f3d6a7377eecau, 0x20caba5f1d9e4a93u, 0x8e938662882af53eu, 0x547eb47b7282ee9cu,
+            0xb23867fb2a35b28du, 0xe99e619a4f23aa43u, 0xdec681f9f4c31f31u, 0x6405fa00e2ec94d4u,
+            0x8b3c113c38f9f37eu, 0xde83bc408dd3dd04u, 0xae0b158b4738705eu, 0x9624ab50b148d445u,
+            0xd98ddaee19068c76u, 0x3badd624dd9b0957u, 0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9u, 0xe54ca5d70a80e5d6u,
+            0xa9f6d30a038d1dbcu, 0x5e9fcf4ccd211f4cu, 0xd47487cc8470652bu, 0x7647c3200069671fu,
+            0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3bu, 0x29ecd9f40041e073u, 0xa5fb0a17c777cf09u, 0xf468107100525890u,
+            0xcf79cc9db955c2ccu, 0x7182148d4066eeb4u, 0x81ac1fe293d599bfu, 0xc6f14cd848405530u,
+            0xa21727db38cb002fu, 0xb8ada00e5a506a7cu, 0xca9cf1d206fdc03bu, 0xa6d90811f0e4851cu,
+            0xfd442e4688bd304au, 0x908f4a166d1da663u, 0x9e4a9cec15763e2eu, 0x9a598e4e043287feu,
+            0xc5dd44271ad3cdbau, 0x40eff1e1853f29fdu, 0xf7549530e188c128u, 0xd12bee59e68ef47cu,
+            0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9u, 0x82bb74f8301958ceu, 0xc13a148e3032d6e7u, 0xe36a52363c1faf01u,
+            0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1u, 0xdc44e6c3cb279ac1u, 0x96f5600f15a7b7e5u, 0x29ab103a5ef8c0b9u,
+            0xbcb2b812db11a5deu, 0x7415d448f6b6f0e7u, 0xebdf661791d60f56u, 0x111b495b3464ad21u,
+            0x936b9fcebb25c995u, 0xcab10dd900beec34u, 0xb84687c269ef3bfbu, 0x3d5d514f40eea742u,
+            0xe65829b3046b0afau, 0x0cb4a5a3112a5112u, 0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dcu, 0x47f0e785eaba72abu,
+            0xb3f4e093db73a093u, 0x59ed216765690f56u, 0xe0f218b8d25088b8u, 0x306869c13ec3532cu,
+            0x8c974f7383725573u, 0x1e414218c73a13fbu, 0xafbd2350644eeacfu, 0xe5d1929ef90898fau,
+            0xdbac6c247d62a583u, 0xdf45f746b74abf39u, 0x894bc396ce5da772u, 0x6b8bba8c328eb783u,
+            0xab9eb47c81f5114fu, 0x066ea92f3f326564u, 0xd686619ba27255a2u, 0xc80a537b0efefebdu,
+            0x8613fd0145877585u, 0xbd06742ce95f5f36u, 0xa798fc4196e952e7u, 0x2c48113823b73704u,
+            0xd17f3b51fca3a7a0u, 0xf75a15862ca504c5u, 0x82ef85133de648c4u, 0x9a984d73dbe722fbu,
+            0xa3ab66580d5fdaf5u, 0xc13e60d0d2e0ebbau, 0xcc963fee10b7d1b3u, 0x318df905079926a8u,
+            0xffbbcfe994e5c61fu, 0xfdf17746497f7052u, 0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3u, 0xfeb6ea8bedefa633u,
+            0xc7caba6e7c5382c8u, 0xfe64a52ee96b8fc0u, 0xf9bd690a1b68637bu, 0x3dfdce7aa3c673b0u,
+            0x9c1661a651213e2du, 0x06bea10ca65c084eu, 0xc31bfa0fe5698db8u, 0x486e494fcff30a62u,
+            0xf3e2f893dec3f126u, 0x5a89dba3c3efccfau, 0x986ddb5c6b3a76b7u, 0xf89629465a75e01cu,
+            0xbe89523386091465u, 0xf6bbb397f1135823u, 0xee2ba6c0678b597fu, 0x746aa07ded582e2cu,
+            0x94db483840b717efu, 0xa8c2a44eb4571cdcu, 0xba121a4650e4ddebu, 0x92f34d62616ce413u,
+            0xe896a0d7e51e1566u, 0x77b020baf9c81d17u, 0x915e2486ef32cd60u, 0x0ace1474dc1d122eu,
+            0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8u, 0x0d819992132456bau, 0xe3231912d5bf60e6u, 0x10e1fff697ed6c69u,
+            0x8df5efabc5979c8fu, 0xca8d3ffa1ef463c1u, 0xb1736b96b6fd83b3u, 0xbd308ff8a6b17cb2u,
+            0xddd0467c64bce4a0u, 0xac7cb3f6d05ddbdeu, 0x8aa22c0dbef60ee4u, 0x6bcdf07a423aa96bu,
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+            0x87aa9aff79042286u, 0x90fb44d2f05d0842u, 0xa99541bf57452b28u, 0x353a1607ac744a53u,
+            0xd3fa922f2d1675f2u, 0x42889b8997915ce8u, 0x847c9b5d7c2e09b7u, 0x69956135febada11u,
+            0xa59bc234db398c25u, 0x43fab9837e699095u, 0xcf02b2c21207ef2eu, 0x94f967e45e03f4bbu,
+            0x8161afb94b44f57du, 0x1d1be0eebac278f5u, 0xa1ba1ba79e1632dcu, 0x6462d92a69731732u,
+            0xca28a291859bbf93u, 0x7d7b8f7503cfdcfeu, 0xfcb2cb35e702af78u, 0x5cda735244c3d43eu,
+            0x9defbf01b061adabu, 0x3a0888136afa64a7u, 0xc56baec21c7a1916u, 0x088aaa1845b8fdd0u,
+            0xf6c69a72a3989f5bu, 0x8aad549e57273d45u, 0x9a3c2087a63f6399u, 0x36ac54e2f678864bu,
+            0xc0cb28a98fcf3c7fu, 0x84576a1bb416a7ddu, 0xf0fdf2d3f3c30b9fu, 0x656d44a2a11c51d5u,
+            0x969eb7c47859e743u, 0x9f644ae5a4b1b325u, 0xbc4665b596706114u, 0x873d5d9f0dde1feeu,
+            0xeb57ff22fc0c7959u, 0xa90cb506d155a7eau, 0x9316ff75dd87cbd8u, 0x09a7f12442d588f2u,
+            0xb7dcbf5354e9beceu, 0x0c11ed6d538aeb2fu, 0xe5d3ef282a242e81u, 0x8f1668c8a86da5fau,
+            0x8fa475791a569d10u, 0xf96e017d694487bcu, 0xb38d92d760ec4455u, 0x37c981dcc395a9acu,
+            0xe070f78d3927556au, 0x85bbe253f47b1417u, 0x8c469ab843b89562u, 0x93956d7478ccec8eu,
+            0xaf58416654a6babbu, 0x387ac8d1970027b2u, 0xdb2e51bfe9d0696au, 0x06997b05fcc0319eu,
+            0x88fcf317f22241e2u, 0x441fece3bdf81f03u, 0xab3c2fddeeaad25au, 0xd527e81cad7626c3u,
+            0xd60b3bd56a5586f1u, 0x8a71e223d8d3b074u, 0x85c7056562757456u, 0xf6872d5667844e49u,
+            0xa738c6bebb12d16cu, 0xb428f8ac016561dbu, 0xd106f86e69d785c7u, 0xe13336d701beba52u,
+            0x82a45b450226b39cu, 0xecc0024661173473u, 0xa34d721642b06084u, 0x27f002d7f95d0190u,
+            0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5u, 0x31ec038df7b441f4u, 0xff290242c83396ceu, 0x7e67047175a15271u,
+            0x9f79a169bd203e41u, 0x0f0062c6e984d386u, 0xc75809c42c684dd1u, 0x52c07b78a3e60868u,
+            0xf92e0c3537826145u, 0xa7709a56ccdf8a82u, 0x9bbcc7a142b17ccbu, 0x88a66076400bb691u,
+            0xc2abf989935ddbfeu, 0x6acff893d00ea435u, 0xf356f7ebf83552feu, 0x0583f6b8c4124d43u,
+            0x98165af37b2153deu, 0xc3727a337a8b704au, 0xbe1bf1b059e9a8d6u, 0x744f18c0592e4c5cu,
+            0xeda2ee1c7064130cu, 0x1162def06f79df73u, 0x9485d4d1c63e8be7u, 0x8addcb5645ac2ba8u,
+            0xb9a74a0637ce2ee1u, 0x6d953e2bd7173692u, 0xe8111c87c5c1ba99u, 0xc8fa8db6ccdd0437u,
+            0x910ab1d4db9914a0u, 0x1d9c9892400a22a2u, 0xb54d5e4a127f59c8u, 0x2503beb6d00cab4bu,
+            0xe2a0b5dc971f303au, 0x2e44ae64840fd61du, 0x8da471a9de737e24u, 0x5ceaecfed289e5d2u,
+            0xb10d8e1456105dadu, 0x7425a83e872c5f47u, 0xdd50f1996b947518u, 0xd12f124e28f77719u,
+            0x8a5296ffe33cc92fu, 0x82bd6b70d99aaa6fu, 0xace73cbfdc0bfb7bu, 0x636cc64d1001550bu,
+            0xd8210befd30efa5au, 0x3c47f7e05401aa4eu, 0x8714a775e3e95c78u, 0x65acfaec34810a71u,
+            0xa8d9d1535ce3b396u, 0x7f1839a741a14d0du, 0xd31045a8341ca07cu, 0x1ede48111209a050u,
+            0x83ea2b892091e44du, 0x934aed0aab460432u, 0xa4e4b66b68b65d60u, 0xf81da84d5617853fu,
+            0xce1de40642e3f4b9u, 0x36251260ab9d668eu, 0x80d2ae83e9ce78f3u, 0xc1d72b7c6b426019u,
+            0xa1075a24e4421730u, 0xb24cf65b8612f81fu, 0xc94930ae1d529cfcu, 0xdee033f26797b627u,
+            0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443cu, 0x169840ef017da3b1u, 0x9d412e0806e88aa5u, 0x8e1f289560ee864eu,
+            0xc491798a08a2ad4eu, 0xf1a6f2bab92a27e2u, 0xf5b5d7ec8acb58a2u, 0xae10af696774b1dbu,
+            0x9991a6f3d6bf1765u, 0xacca6da1e0a8ef29u, 0xbff610b0cc6edd3fu, 0x17fd090a58d32af3u,
+            0xeff394dcff8a948eu, 0xddfc4b4cef07f5b0u, 0x95f83d0a1fb69cd9u, 0x4abdaf101564f98eu,
+            0xbb764c4ca7a4440fu, 0x9d6d1ad41abe37f1u, 0xea53df5fd18d5513u, 0x84c86189216dc5edu,
+            0x92746b9be2f8552cu, 0x32fd3cf5b4e49bb4u, 0xb7118682dbb66a77u, 0x3fbc8c33221dc2a1u,
+            0xe4d5e82392a40515u, 0x0fabaf3feaa5334au, 0x8f05b1163ba6832du, 0x29cb4d87f2a7400eu,
+            0xb2c71d5bca9023f8u, 0x743e20e9ef511012u, 0xdf78e4b2bd342cf6u, 0x914da9246b255416u,
+            0x8bab8eefb6409c1au, 0x1ad089b6c2f7548eu, 0xae9672aba3d0c320u, 0xa184ac2473b529b1u,
+            0xda3c0f568cc4f3e8u, 0xc9e5d72d90a2741eu, 0x8865899617fb1871u, 0x7e2fa67c7a658892u,
+            0xaa7eebfb9df9de8du, 0xddbb901b98feeab7u, 0xd51ea6fa85785631u, 0x552a74227f3ea565u,
+            0x8533285c936b35deu, 0xd53a88958f87275fu, 0xa67ff273b8460356u, 0x8a892abaf368f137u,
+            0xd01fef10a657842cu, 0x2d2b7569b0432d85u, 0x8213f56a67f6b29bu, 0x9c3b29620e29fc73u,
+            0xa298f2c501f45f42u, 0x8349f3ba91b47b8fu, 0xcb3f2f7642717713u, 0x241c70a936219a73u,
+            0xfe0efb53d30dd4d7u, 0xed238cd383aa0110u, 0x9ec95d1463e8a506u, 0xf4363804324a40aau,
+            0xc67bb4597ce2ce48u, 0xb143c6053edcd0d5u, 0xf81aa16fdc1b81dau, 0xdd94b7868e94050au,
+            0x9b10a4e5e9913128u, 0xca7cf2b4191c8326u, 0xc1d4ce1f63f57d72u, 0xfd1c2f611f63a3f0u,
+            0xf24a01a73cf2dccfu, 0xbc633b39673c8cecu, 0x976e41088617ca01u, 0xd5be0503e085d813u,
+            0xbd49d14aa79dbc82u, 0x4b2d8644d8a74e18u, 0xec9c459d51852ba2u, 0xddf8e7d60ed1219eu,
+            0x93e1ab8252f33b45u, 0xcabb90e5c942b503u, 0xb8da1662e7b00a17u, 0x3d6a751f3b936243u,
+            0xe7109bfba19c0c9du, 0x0cc512670a783ad4u, 0x906a617d450187e2u, 0x27fb2b80668b24c5u,
+            0xb484f9dc9641e9dau, 0xb1f9f660802dedf6u, 0xe1a63853bbd26451u, 0x5e7873f8a0396973u,
+            0x8d07e33455637eb2u, 0xdb0b487b6423e1e8u, 0xb049dc016abc5e5fu, 0x91ce1a9a3d2cda62u,
+            0xdc5c5301c56b75f7u, 0x7641a140cc7810fbu, 0x89b9b3e11b6329bau, 0xa9e904c87fcb0a9du,
+            0xac2820d9623bf429u, 0x546345fa9fbdcd44u, 0xd732290fbacaf133u, 0xa97c177947ad4095u,
+            0x867f59a9d4bed6c0u, 0x49ed8eabcccc485du, 0xa81f301449ee8c70u, 0x5c68f256bfff5a74u,
+            0xd226fc195c6a2f8cu, 0x73832eec6fff3111u, 0x83585d8fd9c25db7u, 0xc831fd53c5ff7eabu,
+            0xa42e74f3d032f525u, 0xba3e7ca8b77f5e55u, 0xcd3a1230c43fb26fu, 0x28ce1bd2e55f35ebu,
+            0x80444b5e7aa7cf85u, 0x7980d163cf5b81b3u, 0xa0555e361951c366u, 0xd7e105bcc332621fu,
+            0xc86ab5c39fa63440u, 0x8dd9472bf3fefaa7u, 0xfa856334878fc150u, 0xb14f98f6f0feb951u,
+            0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2u, 0x6ed1bf9a569f33d3u, 0xc3b8358109e84f07u, 0x0a862f80ec4700c8u,
+            0xf4a642e14c6262c8u, 0xcd27bb612758c0fau, 0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbdu, 0x8038d51cb897789cu,
+            0xbf21e44003acdd2cu, 0xe0470a63e6bd56c3u, 0xeeea5d5004981478u, 0x1858ccfce06cac74u,
+            0x95527a5202df0ccbu, 0x0f37801e0c43ebc8u, 0xbaa718e68396cffdu, 0xd30560258f54e6bau,
+            0xe950df20247c83fdu, 0x47c6b82ef32a2069u, 0x91d28b7416cdd27eu, 0x4cdc331d57fa5441u,
+            0xb6472e511c81471du, 0xe0133fe4adf8e952u, 0xe3d8f9e563a198e5u, 0x58180fddd97723a6u,
+            0x8e679c2f5e44ff8fu, 0x570f09eaa7ea7648u,
+        }
+    };
+    return table;
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/input/string_scan.hpp

@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array> // array
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
-#include <cstdint> // uint64_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint64_t, uint8_t
 #include <cstring> // memcpy
 
+#include <nlohmann/detail/bit_ops.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
 
 // Optional SIMD backend for bulk UTF-8 validation. This is an opt-in external
@@ -69,18 +71,12 @@ inline std::size_t find_string_special(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t n)
     std::size_t i = 0;
     for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8)
     {
-        std::uint64_t word = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&word, data + i, sizeof(word));
-        if (swar_string_special(word) != 0)
+        const std::uint64_t special = swar_string_special(read_eight_bytes(data + i));
+        if (special != 0)
         {
-            // a special byte is in this word; locate it (endian-agnostic)
-            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
-            {
-                if (is_string_special(data[i + j]))
-                {
-                    return i + j;
-                }
-            }
+            // the lowest flagged byte is the first special one: the borrows of
+            // the subtractions can only flag bytes above a true hit
+            return i + (static_cast<std::size_t>(count_trailing_zeros(special)) / 8);
         }
     }
     for (; i < n; ++i)
@@ -114,8 +110,7 @@ inline std::size_t find_ascii_copyable_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_
     std::size_t i = 0;
     for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8)
     {
-        std::uint64_t v = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&v, data + i, sizeof(v));
+        const std::uint64_t v = read_eight_bytes(data + i);
         const std::uint64_t q = v ^ 0x2222222222222222ull; // '"'  (0x22)
         const std::uint64_t b = v ^ 0x5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5Cull; // '\\' (0x5C)
         const std::uint64_t d = v ^ 0x7F7F7F7F7F7F7F7Full; // DEL  (0x7F)
@@ -126,7 +121,9 @@ inline std::size_t find_ascii_copyable_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_
                                    | (v & high);               // >= 0x80
         if (stop != 0)
         {
-            break;
+            // the lowest flagged byte is the first one to stop at (see
+            // find_string_special())
+            return i + (static_cast<std::size_t>(count_trailing_zeros(stop)) / 8);
         }
     }
     for (; i < n; ++i)
@@ -253,12 +250,18 @@ inline std::size_t scalar_string_bulk_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t
         {
             break; // end of buffer, or a quote/escape/control byte
         }
-        const std::size_t seq = validate_one_utf8(data + pos, n - pos);
-        if (seq == 0)
+        // a run of multi-byte sequences (e.g. CJK text) is validated sequence
+        // by sequence without searching for the next special byte in between
+        do
         {
-            break; // ill-formed or truncated: let the byte path diagnose it
+            const std::size_t seq = validate_one_utf8(data + pos, n - pos);
+            if (seq == 0)
+            {
+                return pos; // ill-formed or truncated: let the byte path diagnose it
+            }
+            pos += seq;
         }
-        pos += seq;
+        while (pos < n && data[pos] >= 0x80u);
     }
     return pos;
 }
@@ -273,8 +276,7 @@ inline std::size_t find_string_delimiter(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t
     std::size_t i = 0;
     for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8)
     {
-        std::uint64_t v = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&v, data + i, sizeof(v));
+        const std::uint64_t v = read_eight_bytes(data + i);
         const std::uint64_t q = v ^ 0x2222222222222222ull;
         const std::uint64_t b = v ^ 0x5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5Cull;
         const std::uint64_t hit = ((q - ones) & ~q & high)
@@ -282,14 +284,8 @@ inline std::size_t find_string_delimiter(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t
                                   | ((v - 0x2020202020202020ull) & ~v & high);
         if (hit != 0)
         {
-            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
-            {
-                const unsigned char c = data[i + j];
-                if (c == '\"' || c == '\\' || c < 0x20u)
-                {
-                    return i + j;
-                }
-            }
+            // the lowest flagged byte is the first delimiter (see find_string_special())
+            return i + (static_cast<std::size_t>(count_trailing_zeros(hit)) / 8);
         }
     }
     for (; i < n; ++i)
@@ -320,5 +316,50 @@ inline std::size_t string_bulk_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t n) noe
     return scalar_string_bulk_run(data, n);
 }
 
+// Decode the 4 hex digits at [data, data+4) - the digits following a `\u`
+// escape - into a codepoint 0x0000..0xFFFF via one table lookup per byte
+// (after yyjson's read_hex_u16), or return -1 if any of the 4 bytes is not a
+// hex digit ('0'..'9', 'A'..'F', 'a'..'f'). The caller must already have
+// checked that 4 bytes are available; used by lexer::get_codepoint()'s
+// contiguous fast path. On -1 it falls back to the byte-at-a-time loop, which
+// stops at the first invalid digit, so the reported error and position are
+// unaffected by this fast path.
+inline int hex_codepoint(const unsigned char* data) noexcept
+{
+    static const std::array<std::uint8_t, 256> hex_digit_table = // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+    {
+        {
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 00..0F
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 10..1F
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 20..2F
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 30..3F ('0'..'9')
+            0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 40..4F ('A'..'F')
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 50..5F
+            0xFF, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 60..6F ('a'..'f')
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 70..7F
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 80..8F
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // 90..9F
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // A0..AF
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // B0..BF
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // C0..CF
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // D0..DF
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, // E0..EF
+            0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF  // F0..FF
+        }
+    };
+
+    const std::uint8_t d0 = hex_digit_table[data[0]];
+    const std::uint8_t d1 = hex_digit_table[data[1]];
+    const std::uint8_t d2 = hex_digit_table[data[2]];
+    const std::uint8_t d3 = hex_digit_table[data[3]];
+    // every valid digit is <= 0xF; the combined OR only exceeds it if at
+    // least one of the four bytes was not a hex digit (looked up as 0xFF)
+    if ((d0 | d1 | d2 | d3) > 0x0F)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return (d0 << 12) | (d1 << 8) | (d2 << 4) | d3;
+}
+
 }  // namespace detail
 NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/string_concat.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/string_escape.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/string_utils.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp>
 
 NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ class json_pointer
     /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/json_pointer/operator_slasheq/
     json_pointer& operator/=(std::size_t array_idx)
     {
-        return *this /= std::to_string(array_idx);
+        return *this /= detail::to_string<string_t>(array_idx);
     }
 
     /// @brief create a new JSON pointer by appending the right JSON pointer at the end of the left JSON pointer
@@ -746,7 +747,13 @@ class json_pointer
                         // "-" always fails the range check
                         return false;
                     }
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() == 1 && !("0" <= reference_token && reference_token <= "9")))
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.empty()))
+                    {
+                        // an empty reference token is not an array index; array_index()
+                        // would throw out_of_range.404 -- contains() must not throw (see #5395)
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() == 1 && !('0' <= reference_token[0] && reference_token[0] <= '9')))
                     {
                         // invalid char
                         return false;
@@ -774,7 +781,7 @@ class json_pointer
                     // not throw (see #5395), so such a reference token is treated as "not found"
                     errno = 0; // strtoull() does not reset errno on success
                     char* p_end = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
-                    const unsigned long long magnitude = std::strtoull(reference_token.c_str(), &p_end, 10); // NOLINT(runtime/int)
+                    const unsigned long long magnitude = std::strtoull(reference_token.data(), &p_end, 10); // NOLINT(runtime/int)
                     if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(errno == ERANGE // the value exceeds ULLONG_MAX
                                              || magnitude >= static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<typename BasicJsonType::size_type>::max)()))) // NOLINT(runtime/int)
                     {

include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ void templated_json_throw(ExceptionType exception)
             return ej_pair.second == j;                                                         \
         });                                                                                     \
         if (it != std::end(m)) e = it->first;                                                   \
-        else templated_json_throw<nlohmann::detail::out_of_range>(nlohmann::detail::out_of_range::create(410,"enum value out of range for " #ENUM_TYPE ": " + j.dump(), &j)); \
+        else templated_json_throw<nlohmann::detail::out_of_range>(nlohmann::detail::out_of_range::create(410, nlohmann::detail::concat("enum value out of range for " #ENUM_TYPE ": ", j.dump(-1, ' ', false, nlohmann::detail::error_handler_t::replace)), &j)); \
     }
 
 // Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They
@@ -915,7 +915,3 @@ void templated_json_throw(ExceptionType exception)
 #ifndef JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION
     #define JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION 0
 #endif
-
-#ifndef JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
-    #define JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS 1
-#endif

include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #undef JSON_INLINE_VARIABLE
 #undef JSON_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS
 #undef JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION
-#undef JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
 
 #ifndef JSON_TEST_KEEP_MACROS
     #undef JSON_CATCH

include/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp

@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ std::is_constructible <decltype(std::declval<Compare>()(std::declval<A>(), std::
 // avoid their instantiation on all compilers, even when the first operand
 // is false. The dispatch on is_json_pointer_of can be removed once the
 // deprecated json_pointer comparison operators have been removed.
-template<typename Compare, typename A, typename B, bool = is_json_pointer_of<A, B>::value>
+template<typename Compare, typename A, typename B, bool = is_json_pointer_of<uncvref_t<A>, uncvref_t<B>>::value>
 struct is_comparable : std::false_type {};
 
 template<typename Compare, typename A, typename B>

include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp

@@ -337,24 +337,25 @@ class binary_writer
                     // MessagePack does not differentiate between positive
                     // signed integers and unsigned integers. Therefore, we used
                     // the code from the value_t::number_unsigned case here.
-                    if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned < 128)
+                    const auto value_as_unsigned = static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer);
+                    if (value_as_unsigned < 128)
                     {
                         // positive fixnum
                         write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
+                    else if (value_as_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
                     {
                         // uint 8
                         oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCC));
                         write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
+                    else if (value_as_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
                     {
                         // uint 16
                         oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCD));
                         write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
                     }
-                    else if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
+                    else if (value_as_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
                     {
                         // uint 32
                         oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCE));
@@ -410,31 +411,31 @@ class binary_writer
                 if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned < 128)
                 {
                     // positive fixnum
-                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned));
                 }
                 else if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)())
                 {
                     // uint 8
                     oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCC));
-                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned));
                 }
                 else if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint16_t>::max)())
                 {
                     // uint 16
                     oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCD));
-                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned));
                 }
                 else if (j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned <= (std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max)())
                 {
                     // uint 32
                     oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCE));
-                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned));
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     // uint 64
                     oa.write_character(to_char_type(0xCF));
-                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_integer));
+                    write_number(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(j.m_data.m_value.number_unsigned));
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -1055,15 +1056,26 @@ class binary_writer
     }
 
     /*!
-    @return The size of the BSON-encoded binary array @a value
+    @return The size of the BSON-encoded binary array in @a j
+    @throw out_of_range.415 if the subtype of @a j does not fit into a byte,
+           before anything is written
     */
-    static std::size_t calc_bson_binary_size(const typename BasicJsonType::binary_t& value)
+    static std::size_t calc_bson_binary_size(const BasicJsonType& j)
     {
+        const auto& value = *j.m_data.m_value.binary;
+
+        if (value.has_subtype() && JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(value.subtype() > (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()))
+        {
+            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(415, concat("subtype ", std::to_string(value.subtype()), " is too large for the BSON binary subtype (max 255)"), &j));
+        }
+
         return sizeof(std::int32_t) + value.size() + 1ul;
     }
 
     /*!
     @brief Writes a BSON element with key @a name and binary value @a value
+    @pre    @a value's subtype, if any, fits into a byte; @ref calc_bson_sizes
+            checks this for every binary value in the document beforehand.
     */
     void write_bson_binary(const string_t& name,
                            const binary_t& value)
@@ -1072,11 +1084,6 @@ class binary_writer
 
         write_number<std::int32_t>(to_bson_length(value.size()), true);
 
-        if (value.has_subtype() && JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(value.subtype() > (std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max)()))
-        {
-            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(415, concat("subtype ", std::to_string(value.subtype()), " is too large for the BSON binary subtype (max 255)"), nullptr));
-        }
-
         write_number(value.has_subtype() ? static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value.subtype()) : static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0x00));
 
         oa.write_characters(reinterpret_cast<const CharType*>(value.data()), value.size());
@@ -1085,13 +1092,15 @@ class binary_writer
     /*!
     @return The size of the value of the BSON document entry for @a j, which
             is neither an object nor an array
+    @throw out_of_range.415 if @a j is binary with a subtype that does not fit
+           into a byte, before anything is written
     */
     static std::size_t calc_bson_value_size(const BasicJsonType& j)
     {
         switch (j.type())
         {
             case value_t::binary:
-                return calc_bson_binary_size(*j.m_data.m_value.binary);
+                return calc_bson_binary_size(j);
 
             case value_t::boolean:
                 return 1ul;
@@ -1217,6 +1226,8 @@ class binary_writer
     @return the size of @a document
     @throw out_of_range.409 if a key contains U+0000, before anything is
            written
+    @throw out_of_range.415 if a binary value's subtype does not fit into a
+           byte, before anything is written
     */
     static std::size_t calc_bson_sizes(const BasicJsonType& document, std::vector<std::size_t>& nested_sizes)
     {

include/nlohmann/detail/recursion_depth_limit.hpp

@@ -19,11 +19,17 @@ namespace detail
 /*!
 @brief the number of nesting levels an operation recurses into
 
-Operations that walk a value (serializing, hashing, merging, ...) recurse once
+Operations that walk a value (copying, comparing, serializing, hashing, merging,
+...) recurse once
 per nesting level, which is fastest, but a value nested deeply enough would
 exhaust the call stack. So they recurse only this many levels deep and finish
 whatever lies below with an explicit stack. All of them share this limit.
 
+Most of them pass the depth down as an argument. The copy constructor and the
+comparison operators cannot, as their signatures are fixed, so they count it
+in basic_json::nesting_depth() instead, a byte per thread; the limit must
+therefore stay below 255.
+
 @sa https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5387
 */
 constexpr std::size_t recursion_depth_limit() noexcept

include/nlohmann/detail/view/document_data.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+#include <new> // operator new, placement new
+#include <string> // string
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/node.hpp>
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+namespace view
+{
+
+/// storage of a parsed document; heap-allocated (header and an initial node
+/// array in one block) so that views survive moves of the owning document
+struct document_data
+{
+    const char* src = nullptr;
+    std::size_t size = 0;
+    node* tape = nullptr;
+    std::size_t tape_size = 0;
+    std::size_t tape_cap = 0;
+    node* inline_tape = nullptr; ///< node array allocated together with this header
+    std::size_t inline_cap = 0;
+    std::string arena{}; ///< decoded strings that contained escapes // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
+    std::string owned{}; ///< owned copy of the input, if any // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
+    std::array<const char*, 4> base = {{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}}; ///< string bases: source, arena (indexed by flags & node_flags::storage)
+    bool discarded = true;
+
+    /// one allocation for the header and room for `nodes` nodes; large
+    /// documents get a separate node array instead (so it can be trimmed)
+    static document_data* create(std::size_t nodes)
+    {
+        nodes = nodes <= 256 ? nodes : 0;
+        void* mem = ::operator new (sizeof(document_data) + (nodes * sizeof(node)));
+        auto* d = new (mem) document_data(); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory): owned by the returned pointer, freed by deleter
+        // (aligned: sizeof is a multiple of the alignment; through void*, as GCC's -Wcast-align wants)
+        d->inline_tape = static_cast<node*>(static_cast<void*>(static_cast<char*>(mem) + sizeof(document_data))); // NOLINT(bugprone-casting-through-void)
+        d->inline_cap = nodes;
+        d->tape = d->inline_tape;
+        d->tape_cap = nodes;
+        return d;
+    }
+
+    struct deleter
+    {
+        void operator()(document_data* d) const noexcept
+        {
+            d->~document_data();
+            ::operator delete (d);
+        }
+    };
+
+    document_data() noexcept = default;
+    document_data(const document_data&) = delete;
+    document_data(document_data&&) = delete;
+    document_data& operator=(const document_data&) = delete;
+    document_data& operator=(document_data&&) = delete;
+    ~document_data()
+    {
+        release();
+    }
+
+    void release() noexcept
+    {
+        if (tape != inline_tape)
+        {
+            ::operator delete (tape);
+        }
+        tape = inline_tape;
+        tape_cap = inline_cap;
+    }
+
+    /// make room for n nodes; keeps the first tape_size nodes
+    void reserve(std::size_t n)
+    {
+        if (n <= tape_cap)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        node* fresh = static_cast<node*>(::operator new (n * sizeof(node)));
+        if (tape_size != 0)
+        {
+            std::memcpy(fresh, tape, tape_size * sizeof(node));
+        }
+        release();
+        tape = fresh;
+        tape_cap = n;
+    }
+
+    const char* str(const node& n) const noexcept
+    {
+        return base[n.flags & node_flags::storage] + n.off;
+    }
+
+    /// the node after n's subtree (containers span `next` nodes, scalars one)
+    static NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE const node* after(const node* n) noexcept
+    {
+        return n + (is_container(*n) ? n->next : 1u);
+    }
+
+    /// first element (array) or first key (object) of a container
+    static NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE const node* first_child(const node* n) noexcept
+    {
+        return n + 1;
+    }
+
+    /// end of the elements of a container
+    static NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE const node* child_end(const node* n) noexcept
+    {
+        return n + n->next;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace view
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Macros of json_view.hpp and its detail headers. json.hpp undefines its own
+// macros at its end (macro_unscope.hpp), so the view defines the few it needs
+// under its own prefix; json_view.hpp undefines them all at its end
+// (detail/view/macro_unscope.hpp). Configuration that json.hpp undefines is
+// read from detail::abi_config instead.
+
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_HAS_CPP_17 1
+#else
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_HAS_CPP_17 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY(x) (x)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY(x) (x)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE inline
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE
+#endif
+
+// exceptions as in json.hpp (JSON_NOEXCEPTION, JSON_THROW_USER)
+#if (defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)) && !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW(exception) throw exception
+#else
+    #include <cstdlib>
+    // (the exception is built first, so that the arguments of the throwing
+    // helpers count as used; the program ends anyway)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW(exception) (static_cast<void>(exception), std::abort())
+#endif
+#if defined(JSON_THROW_USER)
+    #undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW JSON_THROW_USER
+#endif
+
+// the parser stores a node's first word at once where the layout of `node` is
+// known to be little-endian (MSVC targets are); elsewhere field by field
+#if (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+#else
+    #define NLOHMANN_VIEW_LITTLE_ENDIAN 0
+#endif
+
+/// sixteen checks at fixed offsets 0..15
+#define NLOHMANN_VIEW_REPEAT16(X) X(0) X(1) X(2) X(3) X(4) X(5) X(6) X(7) X(8) X(9) X(10) X(11) X(12) X(13) X(14) X(15)

include/nlohmann/detail/view/macro_unscope.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+// undefine the macros of detail/view/macro_scope.hpp (at the end of json_view.hpp)
+
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_HAS_CPP_17
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_REPEAT16

include/nlohmann/detail/view/node.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+namespace view
+{
+
+// the node kinds are value_t values; the tests of is_container() and of the
+// number kinds depend on this numbering
+static_assert(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::null) == 0 && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::object) == 1
+              && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::array) == 2 && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::string) == 3
+              && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::boolean) == 4 && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::number_integer) == 5
+              && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::number_unsigned) == 6 && static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::number_float) == 7,
+              "the node format depends on the numbering of value_t");
+
+/// node flags
+struct node_flags
+{
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t escaped = 1; ///< string payload lives in the decode arena, not the source
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t storage = 3; ///< mask: where a string or number token lives (index into document_data::base)
+    static constexpr std::uint8_t is_true = 4; ///< boolean value
+};
+
+/// One entry of the flat index, in document order. An object's members are
+/// stored as key node followed by the value's subtree. Integers keep their
+/// converted 64-bit value in the len/next bytes (the node after a scalar is
+/// always the next one, and the token length follows from `extra`).
+struct node
+{
+    std::uint8_t kind;   ///< value_t
+    std::uint8_t flags;  ///< node_flags
+    std::uint16_t extra; ///< numbers: integer digits (low byte) and fraction digits (high byte), 255 = "many"; otherwise 0
+    std::uint32_t off;   ///< source offset (string content, number token, literal, bracket); arena offset if node_flags::escaped
+    std::uint32_t len;   ///< string: decoded bytes; float: token bytes; array/object: element count
+    std::uint32_t next;  ///< array/object: number of nodes of the subtree (its extent in the enclosing sequence)
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(node) == 16, "node must stay 16 bytes");
+
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE bool is_container(const node& n) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<unsigned>(n.kind) - 1u <= 1u;
+}
+
+/// the converted value of an integer node (stored in len/next)
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE std::uint64_t integer_bits(const node& n) noexcept
+{
+    std::uint64_t v = 0;
+    std::memcpy(&v, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(&n) + 8, 8); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
+    return v;
+}
+
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE void set_integer_bits(node& n, std::uint64_t v) noexcept
+{
+    std::memcpy(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&n) + 8, &v, 8); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
+}
+
+/// token length of a number node
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE std::uint32_t number_length(const node& n) noexcept
+{
+    return n.kind == static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::number_float) ? n.len
+           : (n.extra & 0xFFu) + (n.kind == static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value_t::number_integer) ? 1u : 0u);
+}
+
+/// estimated number of nodes for an input of `size` bytes (one node per ~12
+/// bytes covers typical documents without regrowth)
+inline std::size_t estimate_nodes(std::size_t size) noexcept
+{
+    return (size / 12) + 16;
+}
+
+/// estimated number of nodes for the input [src, src + size): pretty-printed
+/// input (whitespace after the first byte) needs about a node per 12 bytes,
+/// minified input up to one per 4 (yyjson tells the two apart the same way)
+inline std::size_t estimate_nodes(const char* src, std::size_t size) noexcept
+{
+    return size >= 2 && (src[1] == ' ' || src[1] == '\n' || src[1] == '\r' || src[1] == '\t') ? estimate_nodes(size) : (size / 4) + 16;
+}
+
+}  // namespace view
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/view/scan.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2020 YaoYuan <https://github.com/ibireme/yyjson>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint16_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+// Scanning primitives of the view's parser. The unrolled checks at fixed
+// offsets follow yyjson (https://github.com/ibireme/yyjson, MIT license): the
+// loads do not depend on each other, so the CPU can run ahead. Words are read
+// with read_eight_bytes(), so nothing here depends on the byte order.
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+namespace view
+{
+
+/// 1 for bytes that may appear verbatim in a string: 0x20..0x7F except '"' and '\\'
+inline const std::uint8_t* string_plain() noexcept
+{
+    static const std::array<std::uint8_t, 256> table =
+    {
+        {
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0x00..0x1F
+            1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // 0x20..0x3F ('"')
+            1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, // 0x40..0x5F ('\\')
+            1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, // 0x60..0x7F
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0x80..0x9F
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0xA0..0xBF
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0xC0..0xDF
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0xE0..0xFF
+        }
+    };
+    return table.data();
+}
+
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE bool is_digit(unsigned char c) noexcept
+{
+    return static_cast<unsigned char>(c - '0') <= 9;
+}
+
+/// two bytes as they are in memory (only compared with byte-symmetric patterns)
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE std::uint16_t load16(const unsigned char* p) noexcept
+{
+    std::uint16_t w = 0;
+    std::memcpy(&w, p, 2);
+    return w;
+}
+
+/// Advance over plain string bytes and well-formed UTF-8. Stops at a quote,
+/// a backslash, a control character, ill-formed UTF-8, or the end. The first
+/// 16 bytes are checked one by one, so that the position advances by
+/// constants in predicted branches (most strings are short); longer runs
+/// continue eight bytes at a time.
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE const unsigned char* scan_string_run(const unsigned char* p, const unsigned char* e) noexcept
+{
+    const std::uint8_t* plain = string_plain();
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        if (e - p >= 16)
+        {
+#define NLOHMANN_VIEW_STEP(i) if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY(plain[p[i]] != 0)) {} else { p += (i); goto stop; }
+            NLOHMANN_VIEW_REPEAT16(NLOHMANN_VIEW_STEP)
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_STEP
+            p += 16;
+            while (e - p >= 8)
+            {
+                const std::uint64_t special = swar_string_special(read_eight_bytes(p));
+                if (special != 0)
+                {
+                    p += count_trailing_zeros(special) / 8;
+                    goto stop;
+                }
+                p += 8;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        while (p != e && plain[*p] != 0)
+        {
+            ++p;
+        }
+        if (p == e)
+        {
+            return p;
+        }
+stop:
+        if (*p < 0x80)
+        {
+            return p; // quote, backslash, or control character
+        }
+        // non-ASCII: a run of well-formed sequences (the library's check, so
+        // that exactly what json::parse accepts is accepted)
+        do
+        {
+            const std::size_t n = validate_one_utf8(p, static_cast<std::size_t>(e - p));
+            if (n == 0)
+            {
+                return p;
+            }
+            p += n;
+        }
+        while (p != e && *p >= 0x80);
+    }
+}
+
+/// advance over ASCII digits
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE const unsigned char* skip_digits(const unsigned char* p, const unsigned char* e) noexcept
+{
+    while (e - p >= 16)
+    {
+#define NLOHMANN_VIEW_STEP(i) if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY(is_digit(p[i]))) {} else { return p + (i); }
+        NLOHMANN_VIEW_REPEAT16(NLOHMANN_VIEW_STEP)
+#undef NLOHMANN_VIEW_STEP
+        p += 16;
+    }
+    while (p != e && is_digit(*p))
+    {
+        ++p;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+/// powers of ten up to 10^19 as integers
+inline std::uint64_t int_pow10(unsigned k) noexcept
+{
+    static const std::array<std::uint64_t, 20> table =
+    {
+        {
+            1u, 10u, 100u, 1000u, 10000u, 100000u, 1000000u, 10000000u, 100000000u, 1000000000u,
+            10000000000u, 100000000000u, 1000000000000u, 10000000000000u, 100000000000000u, 1000000000000000u,
+            10000000000000000u, 100000000000000000u, 1000000000000000000u, 10000000000000000000u
+        }
+    };
+    return table[k];
+}
+
+/// value of 0 < k < 8 digits at p in one step if [p, p + 8) lies below
+/// limit, else one digit at a time (whole blocks of eight digits are read by
+/// parse_upto19() directly)
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE std::uint64_t parse_upto8(const unsigned char* p, unsigned k, const unsigned char* limit) noexcept
+{
+    if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_LIKELY(limit - p >= 8))
+    {
+        // move the k digits to the top and pad the vacated low bytes with '0'
+        const unsigned shift = 8 * (8 - k);
+        return parse_eight_digits((read_eight_bytes(p) << shift) | (0x3030303030303030u >> (8 * k)));
+    }
+    std::uint64_t v = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < k; ++i)
+    {
+        v = (v * 10) + static_cast<std::uint64_t>(p[i] - '0');
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+/// value of k <= 19 digits at p
+NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE std::uint64_t parse_upto19(const unsigned char* p, unsigned k, const unsigned char* limit) noexcept
+{
+    std::uint64_t w = 0;
+    while (k >= 8)
+    {
+        // (eight digits of the token: they lie below limit)
+        w = (w * 100000000u) + parse_eight_digits(read_eight_bytes(p));
+        p += 8;
+        k -= 8;
+    }
+    if (k != 0)
+    {
+        w = (w * int_pow10(k)) + parse_upto8(p, k, limit);
+    }
+    return w;
+}
+
+}  // namespace view
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/detail/view/string_ref.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm> // min
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstring> // memcmp, strlen
+#include <string> // basic_string
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp>
+
+#if NLOHMANN_VIEW_HAS_CPP_17
+    #include <string_view> // string_view
+#endif
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    #include <ostream> // ostream
+#endif
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace detail
+{
+namespace view
+{
+
+#if NLOHMANN_VIEW_HAS_CPP_17
+using string_ref = std::string_view;
+#else
+/// minimal C++11 stand-in for std::string_view
+class string_ref
+{
+  public:
+    using size_type = std::size_t;
+    using const_iterator = const char*;
+
+    string_ref() noexcept = default;
+    string_ref(const char* s) : m_data(s), m_size(std::strlen(s)) {} // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor,hicpp-explicit-conversions)
+    string_ref(const char* s, std::size_t n) noexcept : m_data(s), m_size(n) {}
+    template<typename Traits, typename Alloc>
+    string_ref(const std::basic_string<char, Traits, Alloc>& s) noexcept : m_data(s.data()), m_size(s.size()) {} // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor,hicpp-explicit-conversions)
+
+    const char* data() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_data;
+    }
+    std::size_t size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_size;
+    }
+    std::size_t length() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_size;
+    }
+    bool empty() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_size == 0;
+    }
+    const char* begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_data;
+    }
+    const char* end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_data + m_size;
+    }
+    char operator[](std::size_t i) const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_data[i];
+    }
+
+    template<typename Traits, typename Alloc>
+    explicit operator std::basic_string<char, Traits, Alloc>() const
+    {
+        return std::basic_string<char, Traits, Alloc>(m_data, m_size);
+    }
+
+    friend bool operator==(string_ref a, string_ref b) noexcept
+    {
+        return a.m_size == b.m_size && (a.m_size == 0 || std::memcmp(a.m_data, b.m_data, a.m_size) == 0);
+    }
+    friend bool operator!=(string_ref a, string_ref b) noexcept
+    {
+        return !(a == b);
+    }
+    friend bool operator<(string_ref a, string_ref b) noexcept
+    {
+        const int c = std::memcmp(a.m_data, b.m_data, (std::min)(a.m_size, b.m_size));
+        return c != 0 ? c < 0 : a.m_size < b.m_size;
+    }
+#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, string_ref s)
+    {
+        return o.write(s.m_data, static_cast<std::streamsize>(s.m_size));
+    }
+#endif
+
+  private:
+    const char* m_data = "";
+    std::size_t m_size = 0;
+};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace view
+}  // namespace detail
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END

include/nlohmann/json.hpp

@@ -36,13 +36,16 @@
     #include <iosfwd> // istream, ostream
 #endif  // JSON_NO_IO
 #include <iterator> // make_move_iterator, random_access_iterator_tag
+#include <limits> // numeric_limits
 #include <memory> // unique_ptr
+#include <stdexcept> // length_error
 #include <string> // string, stoi, to_string
 #include <utility> // declval, forward, move, pair, swap
 #include <vector> // vector
 
 #include <nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/abi_config.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp>
@@ -898,12 +901,8 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
     }
 
 #ifndef JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL
-    /// the number of levels an operation descends into before it finishes the
-    /// value below it without the call stack
-    static constexpr std::uint8_t nesting_depth_limit()
-    {
-        return 128;
-    }
+    // nesting_depth() is a byte and may exceed the limit by one level
+    static_assert(detail::recursion_depth_limit() < 255, "the nesting depth count must fit in a byte");
 
     /*!
     @brief how many levels the operation going on in this thread has descended into
@@ -945,7 +944,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         static_cast<void>(may_descend);
         return true;
 #else
-        return !may_descend || nesting_depth() >= nesting_depth_limit();
+        return !may_descend || nesting_depth() >= detail::recursion_depth_limit();
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -969,7 +968,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
 #ifdef JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL
             : m_okay(false)
 #else
-            : m_okay(nesting_depth() < nesting_depth_limit())
+            : m_okay(nesting_depth() < detail::recursion_depth_limit())
 #endif
         {
 #ifndef JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL
@@ -1118,6 +1117,8 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         // provides the latter (e.g., ones without a matching allocator-aware
         // fill constructor)
         dst.m_data.m_value.array = create<array_t>();
+        // only now that the array exists may dst stop being a null value
+        dst.m_data.m_type = value_t::array;
         dst.m_data.m_value.array->resize(src_array.size());
 
         auto dst_it = dst.m_data.m_value.array->begin();
@@ -1146,6 +1147,8 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
 
         dst.m_data.m_value.object = create<object_t>(std::make_move_iterator(scratch.begin()),
                                     std::make_move_iterator(scratch.end()));
+        // only now that the object exists may dst stop being a null value
+        dst.m_data.m_type = value_t::object;
         scratch.clear();
 
         // pair every value of the copy with its counterpart in the original;
@@ -1173,7 +1176,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
 
     The values whose copy has not been created yet are kept on an explicit
     worklist rather than on the call stack. This is only reached for values
-    nested deeper than @ref nesting_depth_limit levels, which is why it copies
+    nested deeper than @ref detail::recursion_depth_limit levels, which is why it copies
     every container by hand instead of letting the container do it: the fast
     ways of doing so would descend into the elements and defeat the purpose.
     */
@@ -1208,9 +1211,6 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
             src_value = next.first;
             dst_value = next.second;
             worklist.pop_back();
-
-            // the value stops being a null value exactly here
-            dst_value->m_data.m_type = src_value->m_data.m_type;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
 
     Copying a container copies its elements, so a value nested deeply enough
     used to exhaust the call stack. The descent is bounded here: the first
-    @ref nesting_depth_limit levels are copied by the containers themselves, just
+    @ref detail::recursion_depth_limit levels are copied by the containers themselves, just
     as they always were, and anything below that is copied without the call
     stack by @ref copy_iteratively. Copying a value can therefore no longer
     exhaust the stack, however deeply it is nested, just like destroying one
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
     /*!
     @brief compare @a lhs and @a rhs without descending into them
 
-    Reached once a comparison has descended @ref nesting_depth_limit levels, so
+    Reached once a comparison has descended @ref detail::recursion_depth_limit levels, so
     that comparing values cannot exhaust the call stack however deeply they are
     nested. The two values are walked in lockstep on an explicit stack and
     compared lexicographically, element by element in the order the containers
@@ -1507,7 +1507,9 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                         const auto found = (!Ordered && !detail::is_ordered_map<object_t>::value)
                                            ? rhs_object->find(current.lhs_object_it->first)
                                            : rhs_object->cend();
-                        if (found == rhs_object->cend())
+                        // the object's comparator may find an entry whose
+                        // key is only equivalent, not equal, to this one
+                        if (found == rhs_object->cend() || !(found->first == current.lhs_object_it->first))
                         {
                             return key_result;
                         }
@@ -1829,6 +1831,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
             case value_t::number_integer:
             case value_t::number_unsigned:
             case value_t::string:
+            case value_t::binary:
             {
                 if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!first.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_begin()
                                          || !last.m_it.primitive_iterator.is_end()))
@@ -1841,7 +1844,6 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
             case value_t::null:
             case value_t::object:
             case value_t::array:
-            case value_t::binary:
             case value_t::discarded:
             default:
                 break;
@@ -2830,6 +2832,13 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
             // fill up the array with null values if given idx is outside the range
             if (idx >= m_data.m_value.array->size())
             {
+                // idx + 1 would overflow size_type and wrap to 0, which would empty
+                // the array instead of growing it; reject such an idx the same way
+                // resize() rejects other indices that are too large to represent
+                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx == (std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)()))
+                {
+                    JSON_THROW(std::length_error(detail::concat("array index ", std::to_string(idx), " exceeds size_type")));
+                }
 #if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
                 // remember array size & capacity before resizing
                 const auto old_size = m_data.m_value.array->size();
@@ -2975,6 +2984,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         string_t, typename std::decay<ValueType>::type >;
 
   public:
+    // an integer literal 0 would otherwise convert to a null const char* and from there to key_type
+    template<typename T, typename ValueType, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    ValueType value(T, ValueType&&) const = delete;
+
     /// @brief access specified object element with default value
     /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/value/
     template < class ValueType, detail::enable_if_t <
@@ -3409,6 +3422,16 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
     /// @name lookup
     /// @{
 
+    // an integer literal 0 would otherwise convert to a null const char* and from there to key_type
+    template<typename T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    iterator find(T) = delete;
+    template<typename T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    const_iterator find(T) const = delete;
+    template<typename T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    size_type count(T) const = delete;
+    template<typename T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    bool contains(T) const = delete;
+
     /// @brief find an element in a JSON object
     /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/find/
     iterator find(const typename object_t::key_type& key)
@@ -3833,6 +3856,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
             case value_t::binary:
             {
                 m_data.m_value.binary->clear();
+                m_data.m_value.binary->clear_subtype();
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -4152,8 +4176,16 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
             JSON_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(202, "iterator does not fit current value", this));
         }
 
+        // copy the values first: ilist may refer to elements of this array
+        array_t values;
+        detail::reserve_array(values, ilist.size(), detail::priority_tag<1> {});
+        for (const auto& element : ilist)
+        {
+            values.push_back(element.moved_or_copied());
+        }
+
         // insert to array and return iterator
-        return insert_iterator(pos, ilist.begin(), ilist.end());
+        return insert_iterator(pos, std::make_move_iterator(values.begin()), std::make_move_iterator(values.end()));
     }
 
     /// @brief inserts range of elements into object
@@ -4335,12 +4367,21 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
         std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
         std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&& // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-swap,performance-noexcept-swap)
-        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_base_class_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_base_class_t>::value
     )
     {
         std::swap(m_data.m_type, other.m_data.m_type);
         std::swap(m_data.m_value, other.m_data.m_value);
 
+        // the custom base class travels with the value when it is copied or
+        // moved, so it is exchanged along with it
+        {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(static_cast<json_base_class_t&>(*this), static_cast<json_base_class_t&>(other));
+        }
+
 #if JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
         std::swap(start_position, other.start_position);
         std::swap(end_position, other.end_position);
@@ -4357,7 +4398,9 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_t>::value&&
         std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<value_t>::value&&
         std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_value>::value&& // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-swap,performance-noexcept-swap)
-        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_value>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<json_base_class_t>::value&&
+        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<json_base_class_t>::value
     )
     {
         left.swap(right);
@@ -5050,7 +5093,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
     /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_gtgt/
     friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& i, basic_json& j)
     {
-        parser(detail::input_adapter(i)).parse(false, j);
+        // parse into a temporary so that j is left unchanged if parsing fails
+        basic_json result;
+        parser(detail::input_adapter(i)).parse(false, result);
+        j = std::move(result);
         return i;
     }
 #endif  // JSON_NO_IO
@@ -6150,12 +6196,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                 // the same time, determine whether every added key comes
                 // after every common key in target's order (a precondition
                 // for the fast path below, which only ever appends new keys
-                // at the very end): for an object_t whose iteration order is
-                // a pure function of the key set (e.g. the default std::map,
-                // which always iterates in sorted key order), the order
-                // check further below is always true and this whole
-                // mechanism is effectively a no-op; it only matters for a
-                // reorderable object_t such as the one backing `ordered_json`.
+                // at the very end). Both are only needed for an object_t that
+                // keeps its members in insertion order, such as the one
+                // backing `ordered_json`; for any other object_t, the fast
+                // path is always taken and they are not computed.
                 // patch ops for keys that were added (i.e., in target but not
                 // in source); built here so the fast path below can reuse
                 // them without a second source.find() per target key. Only
@@ -6179,15 +6223,32 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        common_keys_target_order.push_back(it.key());
-                        if (seen_new_key)
+#ifdef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION
+#pragma warning(push )
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // ignore warning to replace if with if constexpr
+#endif
+                        if (detail::is_ordered_map<object_t>::value)
                         {
-                            new_keys_form_suffix = false;
+                            common_keys_target_order.push_back(it.key());
+                            if (seen_new_key)
+                            {
+                                new_keys_form_suffix = false;
+                            }
                         }
+#ifdef JSON_HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION
+#pragma warning( pop )
+#endif
                     }
                 }
 
-                if (common_keys_source_order == common_keys_target_order && new_keys_form_suffix)
+                // Only an object type that keeps its members in insertion
+                // order, such as nlohmann::ordered_map, can need reordering:
+                // patch() appends a new member at the end of such an object.
+                // Any other object type places its members itself - std::map
+                // in key order, a hash map in an order its operator== ignores -
+                // so a member-by-member diff always reproduces target there.
+                if (!detail::is_ordered_map<object_t>::value
+                        || (common_keys_source_order == common_keys_target_order && new_keys_form_suffix))
                 {
                     // fast path: order of common keys already matches (or the
                     // object_t's iteration order does not depend on
@@ -6423,55 +6484,6 @@ std::string format_as(const NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j)
     return j.dump();
 }
 
-inline namespace literals
-{
-inline namespace json_literals
-{
-
-/// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
-/// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json/
-JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
-    inline nlohmann::json operator""_json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
-#else
-    // GCC 4.8 requires a space between "" and suffix
-    inline nlohmann::json operator"" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
-#endif
-{
-    return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
-}
-
-#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
-JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-inline nlohmann::json operator""_json(const char8_t* s, std::size_t n)
-{
-    return nlohmann::json::parse(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s),
-                                 reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s) + n);
-}
-#endif
-
-/// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
-/// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer/
-JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
-    inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator""_json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
-#else
-    // GCC 4.8 requires a space between "" and suffix
-    inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator"" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
-#endif
-{
-    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
-}
-
-#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
-inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator""_json_pointer(const char8_t* s, std::size_t n)
-{
-    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s), n));
-}
-#endif
-
-}  // namespace json_literals
-}  // namespace literals
 NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 
 ///////////////////////
@@ -6606,17 +6618,6 @@ struct formatter<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL, char> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-c
 
 }  // namespace std
 
-#if JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
-    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
-        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator""_json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
-        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator""_json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
-    #else
-        // GCC 4.8 requires a space between "" and suffix
-        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator"" _json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
-        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator"" _json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
-    #endif
-#endif
-
 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp>
 
 // End of GCC diagnostic pragmas for C++ modules support
@@ -6624,4 +6625,13 @@ struct formatter<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL, char> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-c
     #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
+// The user-defined string literals are in a separate header, because their
+// bodies instantiate the parser in every translation unit that includes them.
+// Define JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS to include <nlohmann/json_literals.hpp> only
+// where needed.
+#ifndef JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-header-include-cycle): json_literals.hpp includes this header
+    #include <nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>
+#endif
+
 #endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_

include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERALS_HPP_
+#define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERALS_HPP_
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <string> // string
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-header-include-cycle): json.hpp includes this header at its end
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+// This header is included at the end of <nlohmann/json.hpp> unless
+// JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS is defined, and can be included on its own after that.
+// Either way, the library's internal macros are no longer defined here (and the
+// amalgamation inlines macro_scope.hpp only once), so only standard and public
+// macros may be used below.
+
+// declares the literal operator for the given suffix; GCC 4.8 requires a space
+// between "" and the suffix, which newer compilers deprecate (CWG 2521)
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) || __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9)
+    #define NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(suffix) operator""##suffix
+#else
+    #define NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(suffix) operator"" suffix
+#endif
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+inline namespace literals
+{
+inline namespace json_literals
+{
+
+/// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
+/// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_literal_json/
+inline nlohmann::json NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json)(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
+}
+
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+inline nlohmann::json operator""_json(const char8_t* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::parse(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s) + n);
+}
+#endif
+
+/// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
+/// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_literal_json_pointer/
+inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json_pointer)(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
+}
+
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator""_json_pointer(const char8_t* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s), n));
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace json_literals
+}  // namespace literals
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS) || JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
+    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json); // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json_pointer); //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+#endif
+
+#undef NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR
+
+#endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERALS_HPP_

include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp

@@ -8,13 +8,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm> // max, min
 #include <functional> // equal_to, less
 #include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
 #include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag, iterator_traits
 #include <memory> // allocator
 #include <stdexcept> // for out_of_range
-#include <type_traits> // enable_if, is_convertible
-#include <utility> // pair
+#include <tuple> // forward_as_tuple
+#include <type_traits> // enable_if, integral_constant, is_convertible, is_nothrow_move_constructible
+#include <utility> // forward, move, pair, piecewise_construct
 #include <vector> // vector
 
 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
                 return {it, false};
             }
         }
-        Container::emplace_back(key, std::forward<T>(t));
+        append(key, std::forward<T>(t));
         return {std::prev(this->end()), true};
     }
 
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
                 return {it, false};
             }
         }
-        Container::emplace_back(std::forward<KeyType>(key), std::forward<T>(t));
+        append(std::forward<KeyType>(key), std::forward<T>(t));
         return {std::prev(this->end()), true};
     }
 
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
                 return {it, false};
             }
         }
-        Container::push_back(value);
+        append(value);
         return {--this->end(), true};
     }
 
@@ -386,6 +388,64 @@ template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
     }
 
 private:
+    /*!
+    @brief add an element whose key is not yet contained at the end
+
+    A std::vector copies all elements when it grows, because their const keys
+    make them not nothrow move constructible. For ordered_json, this is a deep
+    copy of every value. Where the strong exception guarantee can be kept, grow
+    the storage here instead, copying only the keys and moving the values.
+    */
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void append(Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        // evaluated here rather than at class scope, because T is still
+        // incomplete when basic_json instantiates its object_t
+        using move_values = std::integral_constant<bool, detail::conjunction<
+                detail::negation<std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_type>>,
+                std::is_copy_constructible<key_type>,
+                detail::is_default_constructible<mapped_type>,
+                std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<mapped_type>>::value>;
+        append_impl(move_values{}, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void append_impl(std::true_type /*unused*/, Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        if (this->size() < this->capacity())
+        {
+            Container::emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // 1. May throw, but only changes tmp: copy the keys, value-initialize
+        //    the values, and add the new element. The arguments may refer to
+        //    elements of this container, so they are used before any value is
+        //    moved out of it.
+        Container tmp(this->get_allocator()); // equal allocators, so swap() is valid
+        tmp.reserve((std::min)(this->max_size(), (std::max)(size_type{1}, 2 * this->size())));
+        for (const auto& element : *this)
+        {
+            tmp.emplace_back(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(element.first), std::forward_as_tuple());
+        }
+        tmp.emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+        // 2. Cannot throw: move the values over and adopt the new storage.
+        auto it = tmp.begin();
+        for (auto& element : *this)
+        {
+            it->second = std::move(element.second);
+            ++it;
+        }
+        Container::swap(tmp);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void append_impl(std::false_type /*unused*/, Args&& ... args)
+    {
+        Container::emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
     JSON_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS key_compare m_compare = key_compare();
 };
 

meson.build

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ nlohmann_json_multiple_headers = declare_dependency(
 if not meson.is_subproject()
 install_headers('single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp', subdir: 'nlohmann')
 install_headers('single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp', subdir: 'nlohmann')
+install_headers('single_include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp', subdir: 'nlohmann')
 
 pkgc = import('pkgconfig')
 pkgc.generate(name: 'nlohmann_json',

single_include/nlohmann/json_literals.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERALS_HPP_
+#define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERALS_HPP_
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <string> // string
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-header-include-cycle): json.hpp includes this header at its end
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+// This header is included at the end of <nlohmann/json.hpp> unless
+// JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS is defined, and can be included on its own after that.
+// Either way, the library's internal macros are no longer defined here (and the
+// amalgamation inlines macro_scope.hpp only once), so only standard and public
+// macros may be used below.
+
+// declares the literal operator for the given suffix; GCC 4.8 requires a space
+// between "" and the suffix, which newer compilers deprecate (CWG 2521)
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) || __GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9)
+    #define NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(suffix) operator""##suffix
+#else
+    #define NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(suffix) operator"" suffix
+#endif
+
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+inline namespace literals
+{
+inline namespace json_literals
+{
+
+/// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
+/// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_literal_json/
+inline nlohmann::json NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json)(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
+}
+
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+inline nlohmann::json operator""_json(const char8_t* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::parse(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s) + n);
+}
+#endif
+
+/// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
+/// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/operator_literal_json_pointer/
+inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json_pointer)(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
+}
+
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator""_json_pointer(const char8_t* s, std::size_t n)
+{
+    return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s), n));
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace json_literals
+}  // namespace literals
+NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS) || JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
+    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json); // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR(_json_pointer); //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+#endif
+
+#undef NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERAL_OPERATOR
+
+#endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_LITERALS_HPP_

src/modules/json.cppm

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ module;
 // See: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5103
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>
 
 export module nlohmann.json;
 

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ set(JSON_32bitTest     AUTO CACHE STRING "Enable the 32bit unit test (ON/OFF/AUT
 set(JSON_TestStandards "" CACHE STRING "The list of standards to test explicitly.")
 
 # using an env var, since this will also affect targets executing cmake (such as "ci_test_compiler_default")
+set(JSON_FORCED_GLOBAL_COMPILE_OPTIONS $ENV{JSON_FORCED_GLOBAL_COMPILE_OPTIONS})
 if (NOT "" STREQUAL "$ENV{JSON_FORCED_GLOBAL_COMPILE_OPTIONS}")
     add_compile_options($ENV{JSON_FORCED_GLOBAL_COMPILE_OPTIONS})
 endif()
@@ -94,15 +95,10 @@ target_compile_options(test_main PUBLIC
     $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Intel>:-diag-disable=1786>)
 target_include_directories(test_main PUBLIC
     thirdparty/doctest
+    thirdparty/fifo_map
     ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/include)
 target_link_libraries(test_main PUBLIC ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME})
 
-# thirdparty/fifo_map is only used by the #972 regression test, so only
-# test-regression1 needs it on its include path (see json_test_set_test_options
-# below), rather than every test-* target via test_main.
-add_library(fifo_map_include INTERFACE)
-target_include_directories(fifo_map_include INTERFACE thirdparty/fifo_map)
-
 #############################################################################
 # define test- and standard-specific build settings
 #############################################################################
@@ -136,9 +132,6 @@ json_test_set_test_options(test-disabled_exceptions
 # raise timeout of expensive Unicode test
 json_test_set_test_options(test-unicode4 TEST_PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 3000)
 
-# only the #972 regression test needs thirdparty/fifo_map on its include path
-json_test_set_test_options(test-regression1 LINK_LIBRARIES fifo_map_include)
-
 #############################################################################
 # add unit tests
 #############################################################################
@@ -286,6 +279,10 @@ if(json_32bit_test_only)
 elseif(NOT json_32bit_test)
     list(FILTER files EXCLUDE REGEX src/unit-32bit.cpp)
 endif()
+if(NOT JSON_MultipleHeaders)
+    # the internal headers of json_view are not part of a single header yet
+    list(FILTER files EXCLUDE REGEX src/unit-json_view_builder.cpp)
+endif()
 
 foreach(file ${files})
     json_test_add_test_for(${file} MAIN test_main CXX_STANDARDS ${test_cxx_standards} ${test_force})

tests/benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp

@@ -119,6 +119,39 @@ BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseIndented, canada / 4,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativej
 BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseIndented, citm_catalog / 4, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", 4);
 BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseIndented, twitter / 4,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      4);
 
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// parse JSON from string into an ordered_json
+//
+// Same as ParseString above, but with nlohmann::ordered_json, whose objects
+// keep their members in a vector: the pair of rows shows what preserving the
+// insertion order costs.
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static void ParseStringOrdered(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
+{
+    std::ifstream f(filename);
+    std::string str((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(f)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+
+    while (state.KeepRunning())
+    {
+        state.PauseTiming();
+        auto* j = new nlohmann::ordered_json();
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+
+        *j = nlohmann::ordered_json::parse(str);
+
+        state.PauseTiming();
+        delete j;
+        state.ResumeTiming();
+    }
+
+    state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * str.size());
+}
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseStringOrdered, jeopardy,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseStringOrdered, canada,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseStringOrdered, citm_catalog, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseStringOrdered, twitter,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // serialize JSON
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

tests/cmake_add_subdirectory/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 add_test(NAME cmake_add_subdirectory_configure
   COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
     -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
-    -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
-    -T "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}"
     -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
     -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}

tests/cmake_fetch_content/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content_configure
-  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER "3.11.0")
+  add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content_configure
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
     -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
-    -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
-    -T "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}"
     -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
-)
-add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content_build
-  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
-)
-set_tests_properties(cmake_fetch_content_configure PROPERTIES
-  FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_fetch_content
-  LABELS "git_required;not_reproducible"
-)
-set_tests_properties(cmake_fetch_content_build PROPERTIES
-  FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_fetch_content
-  LABELS "git_required;not_reproducible"
-)
+  )
+  add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content_build
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+  )
+  set_tests_properties(cmake_fetch_content_configure PROPERTIES
+    FIXTURES_SETUP cmake_fetch_content
+    LABELS "git_required;not_reproducible"
+  )
+  set_tests_properties(cmake_fetch_content_build PROPERTIES
+    FIXTURES_REQUIRED cmake_fetch_content
+    LABELS "git_required;not_reproducible"
+  )
+endif()

tests/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,14 +4,6 @@ project(DummyImport CXX)
 
 include(FetchContent)
 
-# This test deliberately covers the pre-3.14 FetchContent_Populate pattern
-# (see FetchContent_MakeAvailable in ../../cmake_fetch_content2/project for
-# the 3.14+ alternative), which CMake 3.30 deprecated as CMP0169. Silence the
-# deprecation warning on purpose instead of switching to the new pattern.
-if(POLICY CMP0169)
-  cmake_policy(SET CMP0169 OLD)
-endif()
-
 get_filename_component(GIT_REPOSITORY_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../.. ABSOLUTE)
 FetchContent_Declare(json GIT_REPOSITORY ${GIT_REPOSITORY_DIRECTORY} GIT_TAG HEAD)
 

tests/cmake_fetch_content2/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.14")
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER "3.14.0")
   add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content2_configure
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
     -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
-    -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
-    -T "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}"
     -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
+    -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/project
   )
   add_test(NAME cmake_fetch_content2_build

tests/cmake_import/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ add_test(NAME cmake_import_configure
   COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
     -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
     -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
-    -T "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}"
     -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
     -Dnlohmann_json_DIR=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}

tests/cmake_import_minver/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ add_test(NAME cmake_import_minver_configure
   COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
     -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
     -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
-    -T "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}"
     -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
     -Dnlohmann_json_DIR=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}

tests/cmake_target_include_directories/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 add_test(NAME cmake_target_include_directories_configure
   COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
     -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}"
-    -A "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM}"
-    -T "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_TOOLSET}"
     -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}
     -Dnlohmann_json_source=${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}

tests/fuzzing.md

@@ -93,10 +93,9 @@ conventions:
   add it as a regression test to the unit test of the affected format (e.g., `tests/src/unit-bjdata.cpp`), with a
   comment naming the OSS-Fuzz issue. This way the input is checked by every CI run rather than only by OSS-Fuzz, and
   it stays covered even if OSS-Fuzz later closes the report as not reproducible.
-- **Keep the fuzzer drivers and the unit tests in sync.** The round-trip checks of the BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR,
-  MessagePack and UBJSON drivers are also run on a fixed corpus in the unit tests (see
-  `tests/src/round_trip_corpus.hpp` and the "round-trip invariants" test cases), so a regression shows up in CI
-  first. When a driver's checks change, change the unit tests with them.
+- **Keep the fuzzer drivers and the unit tests in sync.** The round-trip checks of the UBJSON and BJData drivers are
+  also run on a fixed corpus in the unit tests (see `tests/src/round_trip_corpus.hpp` and the "round-trip invariants"
+  test cases), so a regression shows up in CI first. When a driver's checks change, change the unit tests with them.
 - **Record in the report whether the bug shipped.** OSS-Fuzz asks whether a crash was a short-lived regression or
   affects a released version; answer it when the fix is merged, as it decides whether the fix needs a release note or
   a security advisory (see the [security policy](../.github/SECURITY.md)).

tests/reports/2016-08-29-fuzz/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<table style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Tahoma', 'Arial', 'Helvetica'">
+<tr><td style="width: 18ex"><b>Banner:</b></td><td>fuzz</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Directory:</b></td><td>fuzz-testing/out</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Generated on:</b></td><td>Mo 29 Aug 2016 22:14:22 CEST</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p>
+<img src="high_freq.png" width=1000 height=300><p>
+<img src="low_freq.png" width=1000 height=200><p>
+<img src="exec_speed.png" width=1000 height=200>
+

tests/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Results of the latest benchmark from <https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark>.
+
+See <https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/307> for discussion.
+
+Original post at 2016-09-09 to <json@yahoogroups.com>:
+
+> Hi,
+> 
+> This benchmark evaluated conformance, parse/stringify speed/memory, and
+> code size. It can also be viewed as a long list of open source C/C++ JSON
+> libraries.
+> 
+> You can run the benchmark on your own machine by checkout this project.
+> 
+> https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark
+> 
+> You can also view some sample results here:
+> 
+> https://rawgit.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/master/sample/conformance.html
+> https://rawgit.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/master/sample/performance_Corei7-4980HQ@2.80GHz_mac64_clang7.0.html
+> 
+> If you make a new library, you may use this for testing conformance and
+> performance. Afterwards, please submit a pull request.
+> 
+> Enjoy!
+> 
+> -- 
+> Milo Yip
+> 
+> https://github.com/miloyip/
+> http://twitter.com/miloyip/

tests/reports/2016-09-09-nativejson_benchmark/conformance_Nlohmann (C++11).md

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+    <article class="markdown-body entry-content" itemprop="text"><h1><a id="user-content-conformance-of-nlohmann-c11" class="anchor" href="#conformance-of-nlohmann-c11" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Conformance of Nlohmann (C++11)</h1>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-1-parse-validation" class="anchor" href="#1-parse-validation" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>1. Parse Validation</h2>
+
+<p>Summary: 34 of 34 are correct.</p>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-2-parse-double" class="anchor" href="#2-parse-double" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>2. Parse Double</h2>
+
+<p>Summary: 66 of 66 are correct.</p>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-3-parse-string" class="anchor" href="#3-parse-string" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3. Parse String</h2>
+
+<p>Summary: 9 of 9 are correct.</p>
+
+<h2><a id="user-content-4-roundtrip" class="anchor" href="#4-roundtrip" aria-hidden="true"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4. Roundtrip</h2>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">5e-324</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">4.94065645841247e-324</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.225073858507201e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.2250738585072e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.2250738585072014e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">2.2250738585072e-308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Fail:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">1.7976931348623157e308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-source-js"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">1.79769313486232e+308</span>]</pre></div>
+
+<p>Summary: 23 of 27 are correct.</p>
+</article>
+  </div>
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+

tests/reports/2016-10-02-fuzz/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<table style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', 'Tahoma', 'Arial', 'Helvetica'">
+<tr><td style="width: 18ex"><b>Banner:</b></td><td>fuzz</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Directory:</b></td><td>fuzz-testing/out</td></tr>
+<tr><td><b>Generated on:</b></td><td>Sun Oct  2 08:51:02 CEST 2016</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p>
+<img src="high_freq.png" width=1000 height=300><p>
+<img src="low_freq.png" width=1000 height=200><p>
+<img src="exec_speed.png" width=1000 height=200>
+

tests/src/float_hard_cases.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstdint> // uint32_t, uint64_t
+
+// Number tokens that are hard to round correctly, with the IEEE-754 binary64
+// and binary32 bits of their correctly rounded values (ties to even; infinity
+// for an overflow, a signed zero for an underflow).
+//
+// For doubles and floats around 0, the smallest normal number, 1, 2^24, 2^53,
+// 0.1, and the largest finite number, and for random ones, the exact midpoint
+// m to the next number gives: m, m with one unit more and less in the last
+// digit, m with "01" and "0...01" appended, m with trailing zeros, and m cut
+// after 17 to 30 digits (rounded down and up, so that the rounding is decided
+// after the 19th digit), in fixed and exponent notation, 30% of them negative.
+// Tokens longer than 80 characters are left out, except for four of 700 digits
+// and more. Zeros, underflow, overflow, huge exponents, and integers beyond 64
+// bits complete the set. Of the 508 tokens, 134 (as double) and 150 (as
+// float) need the exact comparison with the midpoint (detail::digit_comparison()).
+//
+// The expected bits were computed with exact rational arithmetic in Python
+// (fractions.Fraction) and cross-checked with Python's float(); strtod_l and
+// strtof_l of Apple's libc and of glibc agree. Generated by
+// compact_hard_cases.py 5 (with hard_cases.py), see the pull request that
+// added this file.
+
+namespace float_hard_cases
+{
+
+struct hard_case
+{
+    const char* token;
+    std::uint64_t bits64;
+    std::uint32_t bits32;
+};
+
+inline const std::array<hard_case, 508>& cases()
+{
+    static const std::array<hard_case, 508> table =
+    {
+        {
+            {"-2.4703282292062327e-324", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"24703282292062328e-340", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"247032822920623272e-341", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.2470328229206232721e-323", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-0.24703282292062327208e-323", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-2.4703282292062327209e-324", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"2.47032822920623272088e-324", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"247032822920623272089e-344", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-247032822920623272088284396434e-353", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.247032822920623272088284396435e-323", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-74109846876186981e-340", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.74109846876186982e-323", 0x0000000000000002u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.7410984687618698162e-323", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-7.410984687618698163e-324", 0x8000000000000002u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"7.4109846876186981626e-324", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-74109846876186981627e-343", 0x8000000000000002u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-741098468761869816264e-344", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.741098468761869816265e-323", 0x0000000000000002u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.741098468761869816264853189302e-323", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-7.41098468761869816264853189303e-324", 0x8000000000000002u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.22250738585072006e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.2250738585072007e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.225073858507200641e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2225073858507200642e-326", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"22250738585072006419e-327", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.2225073858507200642e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720064199e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.225073858507200642e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.22507385850720064199176395546e-308", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"222507385850720064199176395547e-337", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.2250738585072011e-308", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-22250738585072012e-324", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-2225073858507201136e-326", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.2225073858507201137e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.2225073858507201136e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.2250738585072011361e-308", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"2.22507385850720113605e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"222507385850720113606e-328", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"22250738585072011360574097967e-336", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720113605740979671e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"22250738585072016e-324", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.22250738585072017e-307", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720163e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.225073858507201631e-308", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.2250738585072016301e-308", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"22250738585072016302e-327", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-222507385850720163012e-328", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720163013e-307", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720163012305563795e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.22507385850720163012305563796e-308", 0x8010000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.17976931348623156E+309", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1.7976931348623157e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1.797693134862315608e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1797693134862315609e290", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"-17976931348623156083e289", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"-0.17976931348623156084E+309", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"0.179769313486231560835E+309", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1.79769313486231560836e308", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1.79769313486231560835325876058e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"179769313486231560835325876059e279", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1.7976931348623158e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"17976931348623159e292", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1797693134862315807e290", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.1797693134862315808E+309", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.17976931348623158079E+309", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1.797693134862315808e308", 0xFFF0000000000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1.79769313486231580793e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"179769313486231580794e288", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"179769313486231580793728971405e279", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-0.179769313486231580793728971406E+309", 0xFFF0000000000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"100000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125e-53", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203126", 0xBFF0000000000001u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203124e0", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
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+            },
+            {"0", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.0", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.0", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0e999999999999999999999", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.000e-99999", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"1e-400", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-1e-400", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"1e400", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1e400", 0xFFF0000000000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1e-50", 0x358DEE7A4AD4B81Fu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-1e-50", 0xB58DEE7A4AD4B81Fu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"1e39", 0x48078287F49C4A1Du, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1e39", 0xC8078287F49C4A1Du, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1e99999999999999999999999999", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1e-99999999999999999999999999", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000308", 0x7FE1CCF385EBC8A0u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"123456789012345678901234567890e-30", 0x3FBF9ADD3746F65Fu, 0x3DFCD6EAu},
+            {"18446744073709551615", 0x43F0000000000000u, 0x5F800000u},
+            {"18446744073709551616", 0x43F0000000000000u, 0x5F800000u},
+            {"-9223372036854775808", 0xC3E0000000000000u, 0xDF000000u},
+            {"-9223372036854775809", 0xC3E0000000000000u, 0xDF000000u},
+        }
+    };
+    return table;
+}
+
+} // namespace float_hard_cases

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bjdata.cpp

@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
 - j1 = from_bjdata(data)
-- vec2 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = false, use_type = false)
-- vec3 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = true, use_type = false)
-- vec4 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = true, use_type = true)
-- j2 = from_bjdata(vec2)
-- j3 = from_bjdata(vec3)
-- j4 = from_bjdata(vec4)
-- assert(from_bjdata(to_bjdata(j2, use_size = false, use_type = false)) is value-stable with j2)
-- assert(from_bjdata(to_bjdata(j3, use_size = true, use_type = false)) is value-stable with j3)
-- assert(from_bjdata(to_bjdata(j4, use_size = true, use_type = true)) is value-stable with j4)
+- vec = to_bjdata(j1)
+- j2 = from_bjdata(vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
+- vec2 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = true, use_type = false)
+- j3 = from_bjdata(vec2)
+- assert(j1 == j3)
+- vec3 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = true, use_type = true)
+- j4 = from_bjdata(vec3)
+- assert(j1 == j4)
 
 Re-serializing j2/j3/j4 with the same use_size/use_type settings is checked
 for value-stability rather than byte-exact stability: from_bjdata(to_bjdata(j2))
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ drivers.
 */
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 // the round-trip checks below are assertions; NDEBUG would compile them away

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bon8.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ array data, it performs the following steps:
 - j1 = from_bon8(data)
 - vec = to_bon8(j1)
 - j2 = from_bon8(vec)
-- assert(to_bon8(j2) == vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
 
 It also checks that reading the data from a stream, which reads strings byte by
 byte, gives the same value or error as reading it from contiguous memory, which
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ drivers.
 */
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bson.cpp

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ array data, it performs the following steps:
 - j1 = from_bson(data)
 - vec = to_bson(j1)
 - j2 = from_bson(vec)
-- assert(to_bson(j2) == vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
 
 The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
 drivers.
 */
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 // the round-trip checks below are assertions; NDEBUG would compile them away
@@ -38,6 +40,11 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
         std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_bson(vec1);
 
+        if (j1.is_discarded())
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         try
         {
             // step 2: round trip

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ array data, it performs the following steps:
 - j1 = from_cbor(data)
 - vec = to_cbor(j1)
 - j2 = from_cbor(vec)
-- assert(to_cbor(j2) == vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
 
 The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
 drivers.
 */
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 // the round-trip checks below are assertions; NDEBUG would compile them away

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ drivers.
 */
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 // the round-trip checks below are assertions; NDEBUG would compile them away

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ array data, it performs the following steps:
 - j1 = from_msgpack(data)
 - vec = to_msgpack(j1)
 - j2 = from_msgpack(vec)
-- assert(to_msgpack(j2) == vec)
+- assert(j1 == j2)
 
 The provided function `LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput` can be used in different fuzzer
 drivers.
 */
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 // the round-trip checks below are assertions; NDEBUG would compile them away