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DNS lookup reliability improvements (9.7.1) (#710)

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Port DNS reliability fixes from checkdmarc 5.15.x: cap per-query UDP
timeout at min(1.0, timeout) so a single dropped datagram no longer
consumes the entire lifetime budget, scale lifetime by nameserver count
for proper failover, and add a retries kwarg that retries on
LifetimeTimeout, NoNameservers (SERVFAIL), and OSError during TCP
fallback (NXDOMAIN and NoAnswer remain non-retryable).

Thread dns_retries through the parser API and expose it via
--dns-retries / the dns_retries INI option. Centralize DNS defaults in
parsedmarc.constants and add RECOMMENDED_DNS_NAMESERVERS for opt-in
cross-provider failover.

Co-authored-by: Sean Whalen <seanthegeek@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Sean Whalen
2026-04-22 23:22:35 -04:00
committed by GitHub
parent 6effd80604
commit 67f46a7ec9
5 changed files with 171 additions and 20 deletions
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12
CHANGELOG.md
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
# Changelog
## 9.7.1
### Changes
- Ported DNS lookup reliability improvements from checkdmarc 5.15.x:
- Per-query UDP timeout is now capped at `min(1.0, timeout)` in `query_dns()`, so a single dropped UDP datagram no longer consumes the entire lifetime budget — dnspython retries UDP within the lifetime window (mirroring `dig`'s default `+tries=3`). With multiple nameservers configured, the same cap also makes a slow or broken nameserver fall through to the next quickly.
- With multiple nameservers configured, the resolver lifetime is now `timeout × len(nameservers)` so each nameserver gets its own timeout budget for failover rather than sharing one overall deadline.
- New `retries` kwarg on `query_dns()`, `get_reverse_dns()`, and `get_ip_address_info()` retries the whole query on transient errors (`LifetimeTimeout`, `NoNameservers`/SERVFAIL, and `OSError` during TCP fallback). `NXDOMAIN` and `NoAnswer` remain non-retryable. Default is 0 (no behavior change for existing callers).
- Threaded `dns_retries` through the parser API (`parse_report_file`, `parse_aggregate_report_xml`, `parse_forensic_report`, `parse_report_email`, `get_dmarc_reports_from_mbox`, `get_dmarc_reports_from_mailbox`, `watch_inbox`).
- Added `--dns-retries N` CLI flag and `dns_retries` INI option (`[general]` section, also surfaced via `PARSEDMARC_GENERAL_DNS_RETRIES` env var).
- Centralized DNS defaults in `parsedmarc.constants`: `DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT`, `DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES`, and `RECOMMENDED_DNS_NAMESERVERS` (a cross-provider mix — `("1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8")` — for callers that want public-resolver failover). The existing default nameservers (all-Cloudflare) are preserved for backward compatibility; callers opt in by passing `nameservers=RECOMMENDED_DNS_NAMESERVERS`.
## 9.7.0
### Changes

60
parsedmarc/__init__.py
View File

@@ -38,7 +38,11 @@ import xmltodict
from expiringdict import ExpiringDict
from mailsuite.smtp import send_email
from parsedmarc.constants import __version__
from parsedmarc.constants import (
DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
__version__,
)
from parsedmarc.log import logger
from parsedmarc.mail import (
GmailConnection,
@@ -301,7 +305,8 @@ def _parse_report_record(
reverse_dns_map_url: Optional[str] = None,
offline: bool = False,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 2.0,
dns_timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""
Converts a record from a DMARC aggregate report into a more consistent
@@ -317,6 +322,8 @@ def _parse_report_record(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
dns_timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
Returns:
dict: The converted record
@@ -336,6 +343,7 @@ def _parse_report_record(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=dns_timeout,
retries=dns_retries,
)
new_record["source"] = new_record_source
new_record["count"] = int(record["row"]["count"])
@@ -668,7 +676,8 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_xml(
reverse_dns_map_url: Optional[str] = None,
offline: bool = False,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
timeout: float = 2.0,
timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
keep_alive: Optional[Callable] = None,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours: float = 24.0,
) -> AggregateReport:
@@ -684,6 +693,8 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_xml(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout or
other transient errors
keep_alive (callable): Keep alive function
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours (float): Normalize timespans beyond this
@@ -828,6 +839,7 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_xml(
reverse_dns_map_url=reverse_dns_map_url,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=timeout,
dns_retries=retries,
)
_append_parsed_record(
parsed_record=report_record,
@@ -849,6 +861,7 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_xml(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=timeout,
dns_retries=retries,
)
_append_parsed_record(
parsed_record=report_record,
@@ -982,7 +995,8 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_file(
reverse_dns_map_url: Optional[str] = None,
ip_db_path: Optional[str] = None,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 2.0,
dns_timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
keep_alive: Optional[Callable] = None,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours: float = 24.0,
) -> AggregateReport:
@@ -999,6 +1013,8 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_file(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
dns_timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
keep_alive (callable): Keep alive function
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours (float): Normalize timespans beyond this
@@ -1020,6 +1036,7 @@ def parse_aggregate_report_file(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=dns_timeout,
retries=dns_retries,
keep_alive=keep_alive,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours,
)
@@ -1230,7 +1247,8 @@ def parse_forensic_report(
offline: bool = False,
ip_db_path: Optional[str] = None,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 2.0,
dns_timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
strip_attachment_payloads: bool = False,
) -> ForensicReport:
"""
@@ -1248,6 +1266,8 @@ def parse_forensic_report(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
dns_timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
strip_attachment_payloads (bool): Remove attachment payloads from
forensic report results
@@ -1302,6 +1322,7 @@ def parse_forensic_report(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=dns_timeout,
retries=dns_retries,
)
parsed_report["source"] = parsed_report_source
del parsed_report["source_ip"]
@@ -1461,7 +1482,8 @@ def parse_report_email(
reverse_dns_map_path: Optional[str] = None,
reverse_dns_map_url: Optional[str] = None,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 2.0,
dns_timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
strip_attachment_payloads: bool = False,
keep_alive: Optional[Callable] = None,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours: float = 24.0,
@@ -1478,6 +1500,8 @@ def parse_report_email(
offline (bool): Do not query online for geolocation on DNS
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
dns_timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
strip_attachment_payloads (bool): Remove attachment payloads from
forensic report results
keep_alive (callable): keep alive function
@@ -1604,6 +1628,7 @@ def parse_report_email(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=dns_timeout,
retries=dns_retries,
keep_alive=keep_alive,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours,
)
@@ -1639,6 +1664,7 @@ def parse_report_email(
reverse_dns_map_url=reverse_dns_map_url,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=strip_attachment_payloads,
)
except InvalidForensicReport as e:
@@ -1665,7 +1691,8 @@ def parse_report_file(
input_: Union[bytes, str, os.PathLike[str], os.PathLike[bytes], BinaryIO],
*,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 2.0,
dns_timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
strip_attachment_payloads: bool = False,
ip_db_path: Optional[str] = None,
always_use_local_files: bool = False,
@@ -1684,6 +1711,8 @@ def parse_report_file(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
dns_timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
strip_attachment_payloads (bool): Remove attachment payloads from
forensic report results
ip_db_path (str): Path to a MMDB file from MaxMind or DBIP
@@ -1723,6 +1752,7 @@ def parse_report_file(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
keep_alive=keep_alive,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours,
)
@@ -1742,6 +1772,7 @@ def parse_report_file(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=strip_attachment_payloads,
keep_alive=keep_alive,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours,
@@ -1758,7 +1789,8 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mbox(
input_: str,
*,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 2.0,
dns_timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
strip_attachment_payloads: bool = False,
ip_db_path: Optional[str] = None,
always_use_local_files: bool = False,
@@ -1775,6 +1807,8 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mbox(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
dns_timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
strip_attachment_payloads (bool): Remove attachment payloads from
forensic report results
always_use_local_files (bool): Do not download files
@@ -1811,6 +1845,7 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mbox(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=sa,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours,
)
@@ -1855,6 +1890,7 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mailbox(
offline: bool = False,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 6.0,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
strip_attachment_payloads: bool = False,
results: Optional[ParsingResults] = None,
batch_size: int = 10,
@@ -1878,6 +1914,8 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mailbox(
offline (bool): Do not query online for geolocation or DNS
nameservers (list): A list of DNS nameservers to query
dns_timeout (float): Set the DNS query timeout
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
strip_attachment_payloads (bool): Remove attachment payloads from
forensic report results
results (dict): Results from the previous run
@@ -2001,6 +2039,7 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mailbox(
msg_content,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
ip_db_path=ip_db_path,
always_use_local_files=always_use_local_files,
reverse_dns_map_path=reverse_dns_map_path,
@@ -2159,6 +2198,7 @@ def get_dmarc_reports_from_mailbox(
test=test,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=strip_attachment_payloads,
results=results,
ip_db_path=ip_db_path,
@@ -2189,6 +2229,7 @@ def watch_inbox(
offline: bool = False,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
dns_timeout: float = 6.0,
dns_retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
strip_attachment_payloads: bool = False,
batch_size: int = 10,
since: Optional[Union[datetime, date, str]] = None,
@@ -2216,6 +2257,8 @@ def watch_inbox(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
dns_timeout (float): Set the DNS query timeout
dns_retries (int): Number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout
or other transient errors
strip_attachment_payloads (bool): Replace attachment payloads in
forensic report samples with None
batch_size (int): Number of messages to read and process before saving
@@ -2239,6 +2282,7 @@ def watch_inbox(
offline=offline,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=strip_attachment_payloads,
batch_size=batch_size,
since=since,

20
parsedmarc/cli.py
View File

@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ def cli_parse(
sa,
nameservers,
dns_timeout,
dns_retries,
ip_db_path,
offline,
always_use_local_files,
@@ -228,6 +229,7 @@ def cli_parse(
sa: Strip attachment payloads flag
nameservers: List of nameservers
dns_timeout: DNS timeout
dns_retries: Number of DNS retries on transient errors
ip_db_path: Path to IP database
offline: Offline mode flag
always_use_local_files: Always use local files flag
@@ -251,6 +253,7 @@ def cli_parse(
reverse_dns_map_url=reverse_dns_map_url,
nameservers=nameservers,
dns_timeout=dns_timeout,
dns_retries=dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=sa,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours,
)
@@ -344,6 +347,10 @@ def _parse_config(config: ConfigParser, opts):
opts.dns_timeout = general_config.getfloat("dns_timeout")
if opts.dns_timeout is None:
opts.dns_timeout = 2
if "dns_retries" in general_config:
opts.dns_retries = general_config.getint("dns_retries")
if opts.dns_retries is None:
opts.dns_retries = 0
if "dns_test_address" in general_config:
opts.dns_test_address = general_config["dns_test_address"]
if "nameservers" in general_config:
@@ -1652,6 +1659,14 @@ def _main():
type=float,
default=2.0,
)
arg_parser.add_argument(
"--dns-retries",
dest="dns_retries",
help="number of times to retry DNS queries on timeout or other "
"transient errors (default: 0)",
type=int,
default=0,
)
arg_parser.add_argument(
"--offline",
action="store_true",
@@ -1704,6 +1719,7 @@ def _main():
silent=args.silent,
warnings=args.warnings,
dns_timeout=args.dns_timeout,
dns_retries=args.dns_retries,
debug=args.debug,
verbose=args.verbose,
prettify_json=args.prettify_json,
@@ -1984,6 +2000,7 @@ def _main():
opts.strip_attachment_payloads,
opts.nameservers,
opts.dns_timeout,
opts.dns_retries,
opts.ip_db_path,
opts.offline,
opts.always_use_local_files,
@@ -2044,6 +2061,7 @@ def _main():
mbox_path,
nameservers=opts.nameservers,
dns_timeout=opts.dns_timeout,
dns_retries=opts.dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=strip,
ip_db_path=opts.ip_db_path,
always_use_local_files=opts.always_use_local_files,
@@ -2189,6 +2207,7 @@ def _main():
test=opts.mailbox_test,
strip_attachment_payloads=opts.strip_attachment_payloads,
since=opts.mailbox_since,
dns_retries=opts.dns_retries,
normalize_timespan_threshold_hours=normalize_timespan_threshold_hours_value,
)
@@ -2272,6 +2291,7 @@ def _main():
check_timeout=mailbox_check_timeout_value,
nameservers=opts.nameservers,
dns_timeout=opts.dns_timeout,
dns_retries=opts.dns_retries,
strip_attachment_payloads=opts.strip_attachment_payloads,
batch_size=mailbox_batch_size_value,
since=opts.mailbox_since,

11
parsedmarc/constants.py
View File

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
__version__ = "9.7.0"
__version__ = "9.7.1"
USER_AGENT = f"parsedmarc/{__version__}"
DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT = 2.0
DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES = 0
# Recommended mix of public resolvers for cross-provider DNS failover. Not
# applied automatically — callers opt in by passing
# ``nameservers=RECOMMENDED_DNS_NAMESERVERS``. Mixing providers means a single
# operator's anycast outage or authoritative-server incompatibility falls
# through to a different provider within one resolve() call.
RECOMMENDED_DNS_NAMESERVERS = ("1.1.1.1", "8.8.8.8")

88
parsedmarc/utils.py
View File

@@ -40,9 +40,22 @@ from dateutil.parser import parse as parse_date
import parsedmarc.resources.dbip
import parsedmarc.resources.maps
from parsedmarc.constants import USER_AGENT
from parsedmarc.constants import (
DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
USER_AGENT,
)
from parsedmarc.log import logger
# Errors considered transient and retryable by query_dns. LifetimeTimeout is
# dnspython's deadline expiry; NoNameservers typically wraps a SERVFAIL from
# upstream; OSError covers socket-level failures during TCP fallback.
_RETRYABLE_DNS_ERRORS = (
dns.resolver.LifetimeTimeout,
dns.resolver.NoNameservers,
OSError,
)
parenthesis_regex = re.compile(r"\s*\(.*\)\s*")
null_file = open(os.devnull, "w")
@@ -189,7 +202,9 @@ def query_dns(
*,
cache: Optional[ExpiringDict] = None,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
timeout: float = 2.0,
timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
_attempt: int = 0,
) -> list[str]:
"""
Queries DNS
@@ -199,8 +214,21 @@ def query_dns(
record_type (str): The record type to query for
cache (ExpiringDict): Cache storage
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default). Pass
``parsedmarc.constants.RECOMMENDED_DNS_NAMESERVERS`` for a
cross-provider mix that fails over when one provider's path is
slow or broken.
timeout (float): Overall DNS lifetime budget in seconds per
configured nameserver. Per-query UDP attempts are capped at
``min(1.0, timeout)`` so dnspython retries within the lifetime on
transient UDP packet loss (mirroring ``dig``'s default
``+tries=3`` behavior); with multiple nameservers configured this
same cap also makes a slow or broken nameserver fall through to
the next quickly.
retries (int): Number of times to retry the whole query after a
timeout or other transient error (``LifetimeTimeout``,
``NoNameservers``, ``OSError``). Failover between configured
nameservers happens within each attempt.
Returns:
list: A list of answers
@@ -223,12 +251,36 @@ def query_dns(
"2606:4700:4700::1001",
]
resolver.nameservers = nameservers
resolver.timeout = timeout
resolver.lifetime = timeout
# Cap per-query UDP timeout at 1s so dnspython retries within the
# lifetime window on transient packet loss — otherwise with a single
# nameserver and timeout == lifetime, one dropped UDP datagram consumes
# the whole budget and raises LifetimeTimeout without a retry (dig's
# default +tries=3 masks this case). With multiple nameservers the same
# cap lets a slow/broken one fall through.
resolver.timeout = min(1.0, timeout)
if len(resolver.nameservers) > 1:
resolver.lifetime = timeout * len(resolver.nameservers)
else:
resolver.lifetime = timeout
try:
answers = resolver.resolve(domain, record_type, lifetime=resolver.lifetime)
except _RETRYABLE_DNS_ERRORS as e:
_attempt += 1
if _attempt > retries:
raise e
return query_dns(
domain,
record_type,
cache=cache,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=timeout,
retries=retries,
_attempt=_attempt,
)
records = list(
map(
lambda r: r.to_text().replace('"', "").rstrip("."),
resolver.resolve(domain, record_type, lifetime=timeout),
answers,
)
)
if cache:
@@ -242,7 +294,8 @@ def get_reverse_dns(
*,
cache: Optional[ExpiringDict] = None,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
timeout: float = 2.0,
timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
) -> Optional[str]:
"""
Resolves an IP address to a hostname using a reverse DNS query
@@ -253,6 +306,8 @@ def get_reverse_dns(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
timeout (float): Sets the DNS query timeout in seconds
retries (int): Number of times to retry on timeout or other transient
errors
Returns:
str: The reverse DNS hostname (if any)
@@ -261,7 +316,12 @@ def get_reverse_dns(
try:
address = dns.reversename.from_address(ip_address)
hostname = query_dns(
str(address), "PTR", cache=cache, nameservers=nameservers, timeout=timeout
str(address),
"PTR",
cache=cache,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=timeout,
retries=retries,
)[0]
except dns.exception.DNSException as e:
@@ -616,7 +676,8 @@ def get_ip_address_info(
reverse_dns_map: Optional[ReverseDNSMap] = None,
offline: bool = False,
nameservers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
timeout: float = 2.0,
timeout: float = DEFAULT_DNS_TIMEOUT,
retries: int = DEFAULT_DNS_MAX_RETRIES,
) -> IPAddressInfo:
"""
Returns reverse DNS and country information for the given IP address
@@ -633,6 +694,8 @@ def get_ip_address_info(
nameservers (list): A list of one or more nameservers to use
(Cloudflare's public DNS resolvers by default)
timeout (float): Sets the DNS timeout in seconds
retries (int): Number of times to retry on timeout or other transient
errors
Returns:
dict: ``ip_address``, ``reverse_dns``, ``country``
@@ -660,7 +723,10 @@ def get_ip_address_info(
reverse_dns = None
else:
reverse_dns = get_reverse_dns(
ip_address, nameservers=nameservers, timeout=timeout
ip_address,
nameservers=nameservers,
timeout=timeout,
retries=retries,
)
country = get_ip_address_country(ip_address, db_path=ip_db_path)
info["country"] = country