Chore: Run read-only migration tests through one migration cycle per class

Each TestMigrations test migrates back, seeds, migrates forward and returns to
the latest migration, which is slow. The fulltext query
prefix, sha256 checksum and skip archive file classes only read the migrated
data, so they now opt in to migrate_once: the first test runs the migration,
the rest reuse its state, and the schema is restored and the tables flushed in
tearDownClass.

.dockerignore

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 # Test related
 **/.pytest_cache
 **/tests
+src/paperless_testing
+src/conftest.py
 **/*.spec.ts
 **/htmlcov
 # Local folders

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ repos:
           - 'prettier-plugin-organize-imports@4.3.0'
   # Python hooks
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.16.5
+    rev: v0.16.7
     hooks:
       - id: ruff-check
       - id: ruff-format
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: "v2.28.1"
+    rev: "v2.29.4"
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
         additional_dependencies: [tomli]

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,30 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## paperless-ngx 3.2.1
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix: only pass --conf to flower when flowerconfig.py exists [@bitfoo1](https://github.com/bitfoo1) ([#14182](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14182))
+- Fix: replace stale mail-fetch overlap check with a self-expiring lock [@stumpylog](https://github.com/stumpylog) ([#14189](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14189))
+- Fix: bump ocrmypdf to 17.12 to pick up the ligature text-layer fix [@stumpylog](https://github.com/stumpylog) ([#14190](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14190))
+- Fix: rebuild the search index automatically when it is missing Tantivy files [@stumpylog](https://github.com/stumpylog) ([#14180](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14180))
+
+### Dependencies
+
+- Chore(deps): Bump anyio from 4.12.1 to 4.14.2 in the uv group across 1 directory @[dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot) ([#14175](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14175))
+
+### All App Changes
+
+<details>
+<summary>4 changes</summary>
+
+- Chore(deps): Bump anyio from 4.12.1 to 4.14.2 in the uv group across 1 directory @[dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot) ([#14175](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14175))
+- Fix: replace stale mail-fetch overlap check with a self-expiring lock [@stumpylog](https://github.com/stumpylog) ([#14189](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14189))
+- Fix: bump ocrmypdf to 17.12 to pick up the ligature text-layer fix [@stumpylog](https://github.com/stumpylog) ([#14190](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14190))
+- Fix: rebuild the search index automatically when it is missing Tantivy files [@stumpylog](https://github.com/stumpylog) ([#14180](https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/pull/14180))
+
+</details>
+
 ## paperless-ngx 3.2.0
 
 ### Features / Enhancements

docs/development.md

@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ pnpm ng build --configuration production
   is loaded as well. However, the tests rely on the default
   configuration. This is not ideal. But for now, make sure no settings
   except for DEBUG are overridden when testing.
+- Tests run in a random order each session, so that one test cannot quietly depend on another having run first. The seed is printed at the top of the run; pass `--randomly-seed=<seed>` to replay that exact order, or `--randomly-seed=last` to repeat the previous run.
 
 !!! note
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 [project]
 name = "paperless-ngx"
 version = "3.2.1"
-description = "A community-supported supercharged document management system: scan, index and archive all your physical documents"
+description = """\
+  A community-supported supercharged document management system: scan, index and archive all your physical documents\
+  """
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 classifiers = [
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@ classifiers = [
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15",
 ]
 # TODO: Move certain things to groups and then utilize that further
 # This will allow testing to not install a webserver, mysql, etc
@@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ testing = [
   "pytest-env~=1.7.0",
   "pytest-httpx",
   "pytest-mock~=3.15.1",
-  # "pytest-randomly~=4.0.1",
+  "pytest-randomly~=5.0.0",
   "pytest-rerunfailures~=16.4",
   "pytest-sugar",
   "pytest-xdist~=3.8.0",
@@ -271,9 +274,9 @@ plugins = [
 ]
 
 [tool.pyrefly]
-baseline = ".pyrefly-baseline.json"
 python-platform = "linux"
 search-path = [ "src" ]
+baseline = ".pyrefly-baseline.json"
 
 [tool.django-stubs]
 django_settings_module = "paperless.settings"
@@ -334,13 +337,15 @@ source = [
 omit = [
   "*/tests/*",
   "manage.py",
-  "paperless/wsgi.py",
   "paperless/auth.py",
+  "paperless/wsgi.py",
+  "src/conftest.py",
+  "src/paperless_testing/*",
 ]
 [tool.coverage.report]
 exclude_also = [
-  "if settings.AUDIT_LOG_ENABLED:",
   "if AUDIT_LOG_ENABLED:",
+  "if settings.AUDIT_LOG_ENABLED:",
   "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
 ]
 

src/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""Fixtures available to every Paperless-ngx app.
+
+Loaded automatically for every test path. Keep module-scope imports minimal:
+this file is imported for every session,  so anything heavy belongs inside
+the fixture body that needs it.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pytest
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Generator
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+    from pytest_django.fixtures import Settings
+    from rest_framework.test import APIClient
+
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
+def faker_session_locale() -> str:
+    """Pin Faker's locale so generated data does not follow the host locale.
+
+    The seed itself is left to pytest-randomly, which derives one per run.
+    """
+    return "en_US"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _clear_content_type_caches() -> None:
+    """Clear Django's ContentType cache and guardian's lru_cache before each test.
+
+    Tests that delete and reinsert ContentType/Permission rows (e.g. the
+    importer) corrupt both caches. Without this fixture a subsequent test on
+    the same xdist worker sees stale ContentType objects and guardian raises
+    MixedContentTypeError.
+    """
+    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+    from guardian.shortcuts import clear_ct_cache
+
+    ContentType.objects.clear_cache()
+    clear_ct_cache()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _clear_django_caches() -> None:
+    """Clear every configured cache before each test.
+
+    Cached values outlive the test that wrote them: the classifier keys its
+    vectorized content on a hash of the content itself, so a second test
+    generating the same fixture data takes the cache-hit path and never calls
+    the code it is asserting against.
+    """
+    from django.core.cache import caches
+
+    for cache in caches.all(initialized_only=False):
+        cache.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def paperless_dirs(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    settings: Settings,
+) -> Generator[PaperlessDirs, None, None]:
+    """The standard temp directory layout, applied to Django settings."""
+    from documents.search import reset_backend
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import build_paperless_dirs
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import dirs_settings
+
+    dirs = build_paperless_dirs(tmp_path)
+    for name, value in dirs_settings(dirs).items():
+        setattr(settings, name, value)
+
+    # Not directory settings, but they are needed alongside the layout by the
+    # sanity checker tests.
+    settings.IGNORABLE_FILES = {".DS_Store", "Thumbs.db", "desktop.ini"}
+    settings.APP_LOGO = ""
+
+    reset_backend()
+    yield dirs
+    reset_backend()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def rest_api_client() -> APIClient:
+    """The basic DRF APIClient, unauthenticated."""
+    from rest_framework.test import APIClient
+
+    return APIClient()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def regular_user(db: None) -> User:
+    """Unprivileged user for permission boundary tests."""
+    from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+
+    return UserFactory(username="regular")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def admin_client(rest_api_client: APIClient, admin_user: User) -> APIClient:
+    """Admin client pre-authenticated and sending the v10 Accept header."""
+    rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=admin_user)
+    rest_api_client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT="application/json; version=10")
+    return rest_api_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def v9_client(rest_api_client: APIClient, admin_user: User) -> APIClient:
+    """Admin client pre-authenticated and sending the v9 Accept header."""
+    rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=admin_user)
+    rest_api_client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT="application/json; version=9")
+    return rest_api_client
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def user_client(rest_api_client: APIClient, regular_user: User) -> APIClient:
+    """Regular-user client pre-authenticated and sending the v10 Accept header."""
+    rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=regular_user)
+    rest_api_client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT="application/json; version=10")
+    return rest_api_client

src/documents/tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,34 +1,17 @@
 import shutil
-import zoneinfo
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import filelock
 import pytest
-from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
-from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
-from guardian.shortcuts import clear_ct_cache
 from pytest_django.fixtures import Settings
-from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-
-UserModelT = get_user_model()
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from documents.models import Document
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
-class PaperlessDirs:
-    """Standard Paperless-ngx directory layout for tests."""
-
-    media: Path
-    originals: Path
-    archive: Path
-    thumbnails: Path
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
@@ -37,52 +20,24 @@ def samples_dir() -> Path:
     return Path(__file__).parent / "samples" / "documents"
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
-def paperless_dirs(tmp_path: Path) -> PaperlessDirs:
-    """Create and return the directory structure for testing."""
-    media = tmp_path / "media"
-    dirs = PaperlessDirs(
-        media=media,
-        originals=media / "documents" / "originals",
-        archive=media / "documents" / "archive",
-        thumbnails=media / "documents" / "thumbnails",
-    )
-    for d in (dirs.originals, dirs.archive, dirs.thumbnails):
-        d.mkdir(parents=True)
-    return dirs
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def _media_settings(paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs, settings) -> None:
-    """Configure Django settings to point at temp directories."""
-    settings.MEDIA_ROOT = paperless_dirs.media
-    settings.ORIGINALS_DIR = paperless_dirs.originals
-    settings.ARCHIVE_DIR = paperless_dirs.archive
-    settings.THUMBNAIL_DIR = paperless_dirs.thumbnails
-    settings.MEDIA_LOCK = paperless_dirs.media / "media.lock"
-    settings.IGNORABLE_FILES = {".DS_Store", "Thumbs.db", "desktop.ini"}
-    settings.APP_LOGO = ""
-
-
 @pytest.fixture()
 def sample_doc(
-    paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
-    _media_settings: None,
+    paperless_dirs: "PaperlessDirs",
     samples_dir: Path,
 ) -> "Document":
     """Create a document with valid files and matching checksums."""
-    with filelock.FileLock(paperless_dirs.media / "media.lock"):
+    with filelock.FileLock(paperless_dirs.media_lock):
         shutil.copy(
             samples_dir / "originals" / "0000001.pdf",
-            paperless_dirs.originals / "0000001.pdf",
+            paperless_dirs.originals_dir / "0000001.pdf",
         )
         shutil.copy(
             samples_dir / "archive" / "0000001.pdf",
-            paperless_dirs.archive / "0000001.pdf",
+            paperless_dirs.archive_dir / "0000001.pdf",
         )
         shutil.copy(
             samples_dir / "thumbnails" / "0000001.webp",
-            paperless_dirs.thumbnails / "0000001.webp",
+            paperless_dirs.thumbnail_dir / "0000001.webp",
         )
 
     return DocumentFactory(
@@ -117,73 +72,6 @@ def _search_index(
     reset_backend()
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
-def settings_timezone(settings: Settings) -> zoneinfo.ZoneInfo:
-    return zoneinfo.ZoneInfo(settings.TIME_ZONE)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def rest_api_client():
-    """
-    The basic DRF ApiClient
-    """
-    yield APIClient()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def regular_user(django_user_model: type[UserModelT]) -> UserModelT:
-    """Unprivileged authenticated user for permission boundary tests."""
-    return django_user_model.objects.create_user(username="regular", password="regular")
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def admin_client(rest_api_client: APIClient, admin_user: UserModelT) -> APIClient:
-    """Admin client pre-authenticated and sending the v10 Accept header."""
-    rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=admin_user)
-    rest_api_client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT="application/json; version=10")
-    return rest_api_client
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def v9_client(rest_api_client: APIClient, admin_user: UserModelT) -> APIClient:
-    """Admin client pre-authenticated and sending the v9 Accept header."""
-    rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=admin_user)
-    rest_api_client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT="application/json; version=9")
-    return rest_api_client
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def user_client(rest_api_client: APIClient, regular_user: UserModelT) -> APIClient:
-    """Regular-user client pre-authenticated and sending the v10 Accept header."""
-    rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=regular_user)
-    rest_api_client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT="application/json; version=10")
-    return rest_api_client
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _clear_content_type_caches() -> None:
-    """Clear Django's ContentType cache and guardian's lru_cache before each test.
-
-    Tests that delete and reinsert ContentType/Permission rows (e.g. the
-    importer) corrupt both caches. Without this fixture a subsequent test on
-    the same xdist worker sees stale ContentType objects and guardian raises
-    MixedContentTypeError.
-    """
-    ContentType.objects.clear_cache()
-    clear_ct_cache()
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
-def faker_session_locale():
-    """Set Faker locale for reproducibility."""
-    return "en_US"
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
-def faker_seed():
-    return 12345
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
 def indexed_document(_search_index: None) -> "Document":
     """One searchable document, for tests about what the search endpoint

src/documents/tests/management/test_management_sanity_checker.py

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ from rich.console import Console
 
 from documents.management.commands.document_sanity_checker import Command
 from documents.sanity_checker import SanityCheckMessages
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from documents.models import Document
-    from documents.tests.conftest import PaperlessDirs
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
 
 
 def _render_to_string(messages: SanityCheckMessages) -> str:
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class TestRenderResultsWithIssues:
         assert "INFO" in output
         assert "No OCR data" in output
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("paperless_dirs")
     def test_global_message(self) -> None:
         msgs = SanityCheckMessages()
         msgs.warning(None, "Orphaned file: /tmp/stray.pdf")
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class TestRenderResultsWithIssues:
         assert "Thumbnail missing" in output
         assert "Checksum mismatch" in output
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("paperless_dirs")
     def test_unknown_doc_pk(self) -> None:
         msgs = SanityCheckMessages()
         msgs.error(99999, "Ghost document")
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ class TestDocumentSanityCheckerCommand:
         assert "ERROR" in output
         assert "Original of document does not exist" in output
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
     def test_checksum_mismatch(self, paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs) -> None:
         """Lightweight document with zero-byte files triggers checksum mismatch."""
         doc = DocumentFactory(

src/documents/tests/search/conftest.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from documents.search._backend import TantivyBackend
 from documents.search._backend import reset_backend
 from documents.search._schema import build_schema
 from documents.search._tokenizer import register_tokenizers
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable

src/documents/tests/search/test_acceptance.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
 import time_machine
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 
 from documents.models import CustomField
 from documents.models import CustomFieldInstance
@@ -22,7 +21,8 @@ from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import Note
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.search._query import parse_user_query
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class TestJsonSubpaths:
         THEN:
             - Only the document with alice's note matches
         """
-        alice = User.objects.create_user(username="alice")
+        alice = UserFactory(username="alice")
         doc_with_note = DocumentFactory(
             title="Has note",
             content="x",

src/documents/tests/search/test_backend.py

@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
 
 from documents.models import CustomField
@@ -19,11 +17,12 @@ from documents.search._backend import WriteBatch
 from documents.search._backend import get_backend
 from documents.search._backend import reset_backend
 from documents.signals.handlers import add_to_index
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 pytestmark = [pytest.mark.search, pytest.mark.django_db]
 
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ class TestAddOrUpdateIds:
             pk=1,
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", user, doc)
+        grant_object(user, doc, "view_document")
 
         with backend.batch_update() as batch:
             batch.add_or_update_ids([doc.pk])
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ class TestAddOrUpdateIds:
             pk=1,
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", group, doc)
+        grant_object(group, doc, "view_document")
 
         with backend.batch_update() as batch:
             batch.add_or_update_ids([doc.pk])
@@ -763,8 +762,8 @@ class TestSearchIds:
 
     def test_respects_permission_filter(self, backend: TantivyBackend) -> None:
         """search_ids must respect user permission filtering."""
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("ids_owner")
-        other = User.objects.create_user("ids_other")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="ids_owner")
+        other = UserFactory(username="ids_other")
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="private doc",
             content="secret keyword",
@@ -843,7 +842,7 @@ class TestRebuild:
             content="group secret keyword",
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", group, doc)
+        grant_object(group, doc, "view_document")
 
         backend.rebuild(Document.objects.all())
 
@@ -1071,7 +1070,7 @@ class TestFieldHandling:
 
     def test_notes_include_user_information(self, backend: TantivyBackend) -> None:
         """Notes must be indexed with user information when available for structured queries."""
-        user = User.objects.create_user("notewriter")
+        user = UserFactory(username="notewriter")
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="Doc with notes",
             content="test",
@@ -1173,7 +1172,7 @@ class TestHighlightHits:
         notes.note: prefix so the query targets notes content directly, but
         the snippet is generated from notes_text which stores the same text.
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user("hl_noteuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="hl_noteuser")
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="Doc with matching note",
             content="unrelated content",

src/documents/tests/search/test_documented_syntax.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import time_machine
 from documents.models import Note
 from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.search._errors import InvalidDateQuery
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable

src/documents/tests/search/test_highlight_query_guard.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from rest_framework import status
 
 from documents.search._backend import SearchMode
 from documents.search._query import parse_simple_text_highlight_query
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from rest_framework.test import APIClient

src/documents/tests/search/test_json_field_prefixes.py

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 
 from documents.models import CustomField
 from documents.models import CustomFieldInstance
 from documents.models import Note
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class TestBareJsonFieldPrefixes:
               decoy's content match does not resurface through a demoted
               text search
         """
-        alice = User.objects.create_user(username="alice")
+        alice = UserFactory(username="alice")
         with_note = DocumentFactory(title="Has note", content="x")
         Note.objects.create(document=with_note, user=alice, note="crocodile")
         backend.add_or_update(with_note)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class TestBareJsonFieldPrefixes:
               document; the default-subpath resolution for the bare
               prefix does not interfere with explicit subpath addressing
         """
-        bob = User.objects.create_user(username="bob")
+        bob = UserFactory(username="bob")
         doc = DocumentFactory(title="Bob note", content="x")
         Note.objects.create(document=doc, user=bob, note="remark")
         backend.add_or_update(doc)

src/documents/tests/search/test_json_subpath_completeness.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import pytest
 import tantivy
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from whoosh_compat import FieldKind
 
 from documents.models import CustomField
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@ from documents.models import CustomFieldInstance
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import Note
 from documents.search._fields import PUBLIC_FIELDS
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from documents.search._backend import TantivyBackend
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class TestJsonSubpathsAreWrittenAtIndexTime:
             - Every subpath PUBLIC_FIELDS declares for notes/custom_fields
               is present as a key in the document's stored JSON payload
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="completeness-user")
+        user = UserFactory(username="completeness-user")
         field = CustomField.objects.create(
             name="Completeness Field",
             data_type=CustomField.FieldDataType.STRING,

src/documents/tests/search/test_lock_backoff.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from documents.search._backend import SearchIndexLockError
 from documents.search._backend import TantivyBackend
 from documents.tasks import index_document
 from documents.tasks import remove_document_from_index
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Generator

src/documents/tests/search/test_migration_fulltext_query_field_prefixes.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.search
 class TestMigrateFulltextQueryFieldPrefixes(TestMigrations):
     migrate_from = "0016_sha256_checksums"
     migrate_to = "0017_migrate_fulltext_query_field_prefixes"
+    migrate_once = True
 
     def setUpBeforeMigration(self, apps) -> None:
         User = apps.get_model("auth", "User")

src/documents/tests/search/test_permission_field_isolation.py

@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 import pytest
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 
 from documents.models import Correspondent
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from documents.search._backend import TantivyBackend
@@ -34,22 +35,22 @@ pytestmark = [pytest.mark.search, pytest.mark.django_db]
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def owner() -> User:
-    return User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+    return UserFactory(username="owner")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def stranger() -> User:
-    return User.objects.create_user(username="stranger")
+    return UserFactory(username="stranger")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def viewer() -> User:
-    return User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
+    return UserFactory(username="viewer")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def group_member() -> User:
-    user = User.objects.create_user(username="group_member")
+    user = UserFactory(username="group_member")
     user.groups.add(Group.objects.create(name="accounting"))
     return user
 
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ class TestPermissionFilteringOnIndexedDocuments:
             checksum="perm-shared-user",
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, doc)
+        grant_object(viewer, doc, "view_document")
         backend.add_or_update(doc)
 
         assert backend.search_ids("invoice", user=viewer) == [doc.pk]
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ class TestPermissionFilteringOnIndexedDocuments:
             checksum="perm-shared-group",
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", group_member.groups.first(), doc)
+        grant_object(group_member.groups.first(), doc, "view_document")
         backend.add_or_update(doc)
 
         assert backend.search_ids("invoice", user=group_member) == [doc.pk]

src/documents/tests/test_admin.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.search import get_backend
 from documents.search import reset_backend
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import UserFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from paperless.admin import PaperlessUserAdmin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

src/documents/tests/test_api_app_config.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
 from django.test import override_settings
 from PIL import Image
@@ -11,10 +10,11 @@ from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import read_streaming_response
 from paperless.models import ApplicationConfiguration
 from paperless.models import ColorConvertChoices
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestApiAppConfig(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class TestApiAppConfig(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
     def test_api_get_config(self) -> None:
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class TestApiAppConfig(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - old app_logo file is deleted
         """
-        admin = User.objects.create_superuser(username="admin")
+        admin = UserFactory(username="admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_login(user=admin)
         response = self.client.get("/logo/")
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

src/documents/tests/test_api_bulk_download.py

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import json
 import shutil
 import zipfile
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
 from rest_framework import status
@@ -14,9 +12,11 @@ from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 from documents.models import Correspondent
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import DocumentType
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import SampleDirMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import read_streaming_response
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 class TestBulkDownload(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class TestBulkDownload(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
         self.doc1 = Document.objects.create(title="unrelated", checksum="A")
@@ -326,10 +326,8 @@ class TestBulkDownload(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
                 )
 
     def test_download_insufficient_permissions(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_user")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="temp_user")
+        grant_global(user, "view_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         self.doc2.owner = self.user

src/documents/tests/test_api_bulk_edit.py

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ import json
 from unittest import mock
 
 from auditlog.models import LogEntry
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
@@ -15,14 +13,18 @@ from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_all_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.user = user
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
@@ -284,9 +286,9 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         m,
     ) -> None:
         self.setup_mock(m, "modify_custom_fields")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="doc-owner")
-        user.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"))
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="other-user")
+        user = UserFactory(username="doc-owner")
+        grant_global(user, "change_document")
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="other-user")
         source_doc = Document.objects.create(
             checksum="source",
             title="Source",
@@ -787,10 +789,8 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     @mock.patch("documents.serialisers.bulk_edit.set_storage_path")
     def test_api_bulk_edit_with_all_true_resolves_owned_duplicates(self, m) -> None:
         self.setup_mock(m, "set_storage_path")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="duplicate-owner")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="duplicate-owner")
+        grant_global(user, "change_document")
         first_duplicate = Document.objects.create(
             checksum="owned-duplicate",
             title="First duplicate",
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", user1, self.doc2)
+        grant_object(user1, self.doc2, "view_document")
 
         response = self.client.post(
             "/api/documents/selection_data/",
@@ -1188,9 +1188,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        user1.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
         user1 = User.objects.get(pk=user1.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -1533,7 +1531,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.doc1.save()
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1587,8 +1585,8 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.doc1.save()
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
-        assign_perm("view_document", user1, self.doc1)
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        grant_object(user1, self.doc1, "view_document")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1609,7 +1607,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         m.assert_not_called()
         self.assertEqual(response.content, b"Insufficient permissions")
 
-        assign_perm("change_document", user1, self.doc1)
+        grant_object(user1, self.doc1, "change_document")
 
         response = self.client.post(
             "/api/documents/bulk_edit/",
@@ -1819,7 +1817,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.doc1.save()
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1880,7 +1878,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.doc1.save()
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1919,11 +1917,8 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     @mock.patch("documents.views.bulk_edit.merge")
     def test_merge_and_delete_requires_change_permission(self, m) -> None:
         self.setup_mock(m, "merge")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="no-change")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="add_document"),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="delete_document"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="no-change")
+        grant_global(user, "add_document", "delete_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -2310,7 +2305,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.doc1.save()
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -2345,7 +2340,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     @mock.patch("documents.views.bulk_edit.edit_pdf")
     def test_edit_pdf_update_requires_change_permission(self, m) -> None:
         self.setup_mock(m, "edit_pdf")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="no-change")
+        user = UserFactory(username="no-change")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -2372,11 +2367,8 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     ) -> None:
         self.setup_mock(edit_pdf_mock, "edit_pdf")
         self.setup_mock(remove_password_mock, "remove_password")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="no-delete")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="add_document"),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="no-delete")
+        grant_global(user, "add_document", "change_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         cases = [
@@ -2463,7 +2455,7 @@ class TestBulkEditAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.doc1.save()
         user1 = User.objects.create(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 

src/documents/tests/test_api_chat.py

@@ -4,20 +4,22 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
     from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
 
 
 class TestChatStreamingViewInputValidation(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
     def _mock_ai_enabled(self) -> mock.MagicMock:
@@ -113,9 +115,7 @@ class TestChatStreamingViewUnrestrictedFlag:
         needs to reach the view at all. Model-level only: says nothing
         about which documents (if any) this user can actually see.
         """
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_document")
         return user_client
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(

src/documents/tests/test_api_custom_fields.py

@@ -4,23 +4,24 @@ from unittest import mock
 from unittest.mock import ANY
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 from documents.models import CustomField
 from documents.models import CustomFieldInstance
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestCustomFieldsAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     ENDPOINT = "/api/custom_fields/"
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
         return super().setUp()
 
@@ -1174,11 +1175,9 @@ class TestCustomFieldsAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_documentlink_patch_requires_change_permission_on_target_documents(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        source_owner = User.objects.create_user(username="source-owner")
-        source_owner.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="other-user")
+        source_owner = UserFactory(username="source-owner")
+        grant_global(source_owner, "change_document")
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="other-user")
 
         source_doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="Source",
@@ -1221,11 +1220,9 @@ class TestCustomFieldsAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_documentlink_patch_allowed_with_change_permission_on_target_documents(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        source_owner = User.objects.create_user(username="source-owner")
-        source_owner.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="other-user")
+        source_owner = UserFactory(username="source-owner")
+        grant_global(source_owner, "change_document")
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="other-user")
 
         source_doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="Source",
@@ -1244,7 +1241,7 @@ class TestCustomFieldsAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             data_type=CustomField.FieldDataType.DOCUMENTLINK,
         )
 
-        assign_perm("change_document", source_owner, target_doc)
+        grant_object(source_owner, target_doc, "change_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=source_owner)
 
         resp = self.client.patch(
@@ -1337,7 +1334,7 @@ class TestCustomFieldsAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(results[0]["document_count"], 1)
 
         # Test as user without access to the document
-        non_superuser = User.objects.create_user(username="non_superuser")
+        non_superuser = UserFactory(username="non_superuser")
         non_superuser.user_permissions.add(
             *Permission.objects.exclude(codename="view_global_statistics"),
         )

src/documents/tests/test_api_document_versions.py

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from unittest import mock
 
 from auditlog.models import LogEntry  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
 from django.test import TestCase as DjangoTestCase
@@ -18,10 +16,12 @@ from documents.data_models import DocumentSource
 from documents.filters import EffectiveContentFilter
 from documents.filters import TitleContentFilter
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import read_streaming_response
 from documents.versioning import annotate_effective_content
 from documents.views import DocumentSelectionMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pathlib import Path
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
     def _make_pdf_upload(self, name: str = "version.pdf") -> SimpleUploadedFile:
@@ -89,11 +89,9 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
     def test_root_endpoint_returns_403_when_user_lacks_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        viewer = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
-        viewer.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        viewer = UserFactory(username="viewer")
+        grant_global(viewer, "view_document")
         root = Document.objects.create(
             title="root",
             checksum="root",
@@ -283,11 +281,9 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(mock_backend.add_or_update.call_args[0][0].id, root.id)
 
     def test_delete_version_returns_403_without_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username="other")
-        other.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="delete_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        other = UserFactory(username="other")
+        grant_global(other, "delete_document")
         root = Document.objects.create(
             title="root",
             checksum="root",
@@ -371,11 +367,9 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertTrue(resp.data["is_root"])
 
     def test_update_version_label_returns_403_without_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username="other")
-        other.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        other = UserFactory(username="other")
+        grant_global(other, "change_document")
         root = Document.objects.create(
             title="root",
             checksum="root",
@@ -553,11 +547,9 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
     def test_metadata_returns_403_when_user_lacks_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username="other")
-        other.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        other = UserFactory(username="other")
+        grant_global(other, "view_document")
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="root",
             checksum="root",
@@ -653,8 +645,8 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
 
     def test_update_version_returns_403_without_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username="other")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        other = UserFactory(username="other")
         root = Document.objects.create(
             title="root",
             checksum="root",
@@ -672,8 +664,8 @@ class TestDocumentVersioningApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
     def test_update_version_requires_global_change_permission(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="add-only")
-        user.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename="add_document"))
+        user = UserFactory(username="add-only")
+        grant_global(user, "add_document")
         root = Document.objects.create(
             title="root",
             checksum="root",
@@ -978,7 +970,7 @@ class TestVersionAwareFilters(DjangoTestCase):
         superseded content -- selecting documents the list view, filtered by
         the same term, does not show.
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="bulk_selection")
+        user = UserFactory(username="bulk_selection", superuser=True)
 
         selected = DocumentSelectionMixin()._resolve_document_ids(
             user=user,
@@ -1005,7 +997,7 @@ class TestBulkSelectionExcludesVersions(DjangoTestCase):
         "Select all matching" reconstructs the document list, which never
         contains version documents as rows of their own.
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="bulk_versions")
+        user = UserFactory(username="bulk_versions", superuser=True)
         root = Document.objects.create(
             title="shared-title root",
             checksum="bulk-root",

src/documents/tests/test_api_documents.py

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
 from django.db import DataError
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
@@ -48,18 +47,22 @@ from documents.models import Workflow
 from documents.models import WorkflowAction
 from documents.models import WorkflowTrigger
 from documents.signals.handlers import run_workflows
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
 from documents.tests.utils import ConsumeTaskMixin
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import read_streaming_response
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_all_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
         cache.clear()
 
@@ -357,10 +360,10 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         with Path(filename).open("wb") as f:
             f.write(content)
 
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
-        user2.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
+        grant_global(user2, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user2)
 
@@ -383,7 +386,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         response = self.client.get(f"/api/documents/{doc.pk}/thumb/")
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", user2, doc)
+        grant_object(user2, doc, "view_document")
 
         response = self.client.get(f"/api/documents/{doc.pk}/download/")
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
@@ -760,8 +763,8 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             - History is returned
         """
         # No auditlog permissions
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="test")
-        user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        user = UserFactory(username="test")
+        grant_global(user, "view_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="First title",
@@ -776,7 +779,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         # superuser
         user.is_superuser = True
         user.save()
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
         doc2 = Document.objects.create(
             title="Second title",
             checksum="456",
@@ -1073,11 +1076,9 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.data["duplicate_documents"], [])
 
     def test_has_duplicates_filter_respects_document_permissions(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="duplicate-owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="duplicate-requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="duplicate-owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="duplicate-requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "view_document")
         visible_document = Document.objects.create(
             title="visible document",
             checksum="permission-match",
@@ -1096,7 +1097,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             [document["id"] for document in response.data["results"]],
         )
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, hidden_duplicate)
+        grant_object(requester, hidden_duplicate, "view_document")
         response = self.client.get("/api/documents/?has_duplicates=true")
         self.assertIn(
             visible_document.id,
@@ -1317,10 +1318,10 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Owner filters work correctly but still respect permissions
         """
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
-        u1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
-        u2.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
+        grant_global(u1, "view_document")
+        grant_global(u2, "view_document")
 
         u1_doc1 = Document.objects.create(
             title="none1",
@@ -1353,7 +1354,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         )
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=u1)
-        assign_perm("view_document", u1, u2_doc2)
+        grant_object(u1, u2_doc2, "view_document")
 
         # Will not show any u1 docs or u2_doc1 which isn't shared
         response = self.client.get(f"/api/documents/?owner__id__none={u1.id}")
@@ -1400,7 +1401,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             [u1_doc1.id, u1_doc2.id, u2_doc2.id],
         )
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", u2, u1_doc1)
+        grant_object(u2, u1_doc1, "view_document")
 
         # Will show only documents shared by user
         response = self.client.get(f"/api/documents/?shared_by__id={u1.id}")
@@ -1424,8 +1425,8 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             - The document is returned exactly once, not once per permission path
             (regression test for https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx/issues/13331)
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        user = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        grant_global(user, "view_document")
         group = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
         user.groups.add(group)
 
@@ -1433,7 +1434,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         tag2 = TagFactory()
         doc = DocumentFactory(title="shared", owner=user)
         doc.tags.add(tag1, tag2)
-        assign_perm("view_document", group, doc)
+        grant_object(group, doc, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
         response = self.client.get(
@@ -1452,11 +1453,9 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - The document does not appear in their results
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("owner1")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user("stranger1")
-        stranger.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner1")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username="stranger1")
+        grant_global(stranger, "view_document")
 
         DocumentFactory(title="private", owner=owner)
 
@@ -1474,17 +1473,17 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Only the group member sees the document
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("owner2")
-        member = User.objects.create_user("member1")
-        non_member = User.objects.create_user("nonmember1")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner2")
+        member = UserFactory(username="member1")
+        non_member = UserFactory(username="nonmember1")
         for u in (member, non_member):
-            u.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+            grant_global(u, "view_document")
 
         group = Group.objects.create(name="group2")
         member.groups.add(group)
 
         doc = DocumentFactory(title="shared2", owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", group, doc)
+        grant_object(group, doc, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=member)
         response = self.client.get("/api/documents/")
@@ -1785,8 +1784,8 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Statistics only include inbox counts for tags accessible by the user
         """
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
         inbox_tag_u1 = Tag.objects.create(name="inbox_u1", is_inbox_tag=True, owner=u1)
         Tag.objects.create(name="inbox_u2", is_inbox_tag=True, owner=u2)
         doc_u1 = Document.objects.create(
@@ -1816,11 +1815,9 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.data["documents_inbox"], 0)
 
     def test_statistics_with_statistics_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("owner")
-        stats_user = User.objects.create_user("stats-user")
-        stats_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_global_statistics"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        stats_user = UserFactory(username="stats-user")
+        grant_global(stats_user, "view_global_statistics")
 
         inbox_tag = Tag.objects.create(
             name="stats_inbox",
@@ -1986,7 +1983,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_405_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)
 
     def test_upload_insufficient_permissions(self) -> None:
-        self.client.force_authenticate(user=User.objects.create_user("testuser2"))
+        self.client.force_authenticate(user=UserFactory(username="testuser2"))
 
         with (Path(__file__).parent / "samples" / "simple.pdf").open("rb") as f:
             response = self.client.post(
@@ -2782,9 +2779,9 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         mock_get_date_parser.assert_not_called()
 
     def test_saved_views(self) -> None:
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
-        u3 = User.objects.create_user("user3")
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
+        u3 = UserFactory(username="user3")
 
         view_perm = Permission.objects.get(codename="view_savedview")
         change_perm = Permission.objects.get(codename="change_savedview")
@@ -2807,9 +2804,9 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             sort_field="",
         )
 
-        assign_perm("view_savedview", u1, v2)
-        assign_perm("change_savedview", u1, v2)
-        assign_perm("view_savedview", u1, v3)
+        grant_object(u1, v2, "view_savedview")
+        grant_object(u1, v2, "change_savedview")
+        grant_object(u1, v3, "view_savedview")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=u1)
 
@@ -3064,7 +3061,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertListEqual(saved_view_settings["sidebar_views_visible_ids"], [v2.id])
 
     def test_saved_view_create_update_patch(self) -> None:
-        User.objects.create_user("user1")
+        UserFactory(username="user1")
 
         view = {
             "name": "test",
@@ -3127,7 +3124,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             - Display options are updated
             - Display fields are validated
         """
-        User.objects.create_user("user1")
+        UserFactory(username="user1")
 
         view = {
             "name": "test",
@@ -3568,11 +3565,11 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Notes are neither created nor deleted
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
         user2.save()
 
         doc = Document.objects.create(
@@ -3592,7 +3589,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.content, b"Insufficient permissions to view notes")
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", user1, doc)
+        grant_object(user1, doc, "view_document")
 
         resp = self.client.post(
             f"/api/documents/{doc.pk}/notes/",
@@ -3616,12 +3613,8 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
     def test_notes_require_global_document_permissions(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="note_editor")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["view_note", "add_note", "delete_note"],
-            ),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="note_editor")
+        grant_global(user, "view_note", "add_note", "delete_note")
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="test",
             mime_type="application/pdf",
@@ -3634,9 +3627,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         response = self.client.get(f"/api/documents/{doc.pk}/notes/")
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(user, "view_document")
         user = User.objects.get(pk=user.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user)
         response = self.client.get(f"/api/documents/{doc.pk}/notes/")
@@ -3648,9 +3639,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(user, "change_document")
         user = User.objects.get(pk=user.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -3797,12 +3786,12 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             - Unique items are created
             - Non-unique items are not allowed
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="add_tag"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_global(user1, "add_tag")
         user1.save()
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
-        user2.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="add_tag"))
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
+        grant_global(user2, "add_tag")
         user2.save()
 
         # User 1 creates tag 1 owned by user 1 by default
@@ -3857,12 +3846,12 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
             - Unique items are created
             - Non-unique items are not allowed on update
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="change_tag"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_global(user1, "change_tag")
         user1.save()
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
-        user2.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="change_tag"))
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
+        grant_global(user2, "change_tag")
         user2.save()
 
         # Create name tag 1 owned by user 1
@@ -3993,11 +3982,11 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Links only shown if user has permissions
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
         user2.save()
 
         doc = Document.objects.create(
@@ -4017,7 +4006,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.content, b"Insufficient permissions to add share link")
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        assign_perm("change_document", user1, doc)
+        grant_object(user1, doc, "change_document")
 
         resp = self.client.get(
             f"/api/documents/{doc.pk}/share_links/",
@@ -4034,11 +4023,11 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Share link creation is denied until view permission is granted
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="add_sharelink"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_global(user1, "add_sharelink")
         user1.save()
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
         user2.save()
 
         doc = Document.objects.create(
@@ -4060,7 +4049,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(create_resp.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", user1, doc)
+        grant_object(user1, doc, "view_document")
 
         create_resp = self.client.post(
             "/api/share_links/",
@@ -4072,9 +4061,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(create_resp.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        user1.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
         user1 = User.objects.get(pk=user1.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
         create_resp = self.client.post(
@@ -4097,11 +4084,11 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - ASN +1 from user2's doc is returned for user1
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
         user2.save()
 
         doc1 = Document.objects.create(
@@ -4141,8 +4128,8 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - ASN 1 is returned
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
 
         doc1 = Document.objects.create(
@@ -4170,7 +4157,7 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Explicit error is returned
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="test1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1", superuser=True)
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -4348,8 +4335,8 @@ class TestDocumentApi(DirectoriesMixin, ConsumeTaskMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Error response is returned
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
         user1.save()
 
         doc = Document.objects.create(
@@ -4454,7 +4441,7 @@ class TestDocumentApiTagColors(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
@@ -4534,7 +4521,7 @@ class TestDocumentApiCustomFieldsSorting(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
         self.doc1 = Document.objects.create(

src/documents/tests/test_api_email.py

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ import json
 import shutil
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core import mail
 from django.test import override_settings
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import SampleDirMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 class TestEmail(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class TestEmail(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
         self.doc1 = Document.objects.create(
@@ -303,8 +303,8 @@ class TestEmail(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Forbidden response is returned
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
 
         doc_owned = Document.objects.create(
             title="owned_doc",
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ class TestEmail(DirectoriesMixin, SampleDirMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Request succeeds
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 

src/documents/tests/test_api_filter_by_custom_fields.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 from datetime import date
 from urllib.parse import quote
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 from documents.models import CustomField
@@ -13,7 +12,8 @@ from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import SavedView
 from documents.models import SavedViewFilterRule
 from documents.serialisers import DocumentSerializer
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class DocumentWrapper:
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class TestCustomFieldsSearch(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
         # Create one custom field per type. The fields are called f"{type}_field".

src/documents/tests/test_api_objects.py

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ import json
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_groups_with_perms
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_users_with_perms
 from rest_framework import status
@@ -21,14 +19,17 @@ from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestApiObjects(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         self.tag1 = Tag.objects.create(name="t1", is_inbox_tag=True)
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ class TestApiObjects(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
 
         # A newer document owned by another user must not leak through the
         # aggregate for a non-superuser who cannot view it
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username="other")
+        other = UserFactory(username="other")
         Document.objects.create(
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             correspondent=self.c1,
@@ -162,10 +163,8 @@ class TestApiObjects(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             owner=other,
         )
 
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="regular")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_correspondent"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="regular")
+        grant_global(user, "view_correspondent")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         response = self.client.get("/api/correspondents/?last_correspondence=true")
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         self.sp1 = StoragePath.objects.create(name="sp1", path="Something/{checksum}")
@@ -455,11 +454,9 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.data, "folder/Something.pdf")
 
     def test_test_storage_path_requires_document_view_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        unprivileged = User.objects.create_user(username="unprivileged")
-        unprivileged.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        unprivileged = UserFactory(username="unprivileged")
+        grant_global(unprivileged, "view_document")
         document = Document.objects.create(
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             owner=owner,
@@ -481,15 +478,15 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertIn("document", response.data)
 
     def test_test_storage_path_allows_shared_document_view_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        viewer = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        viewer = UserFactory(username="viewer")
         document = Document.objects.create(
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             owner=owner,
             title="Shared",
             checksum="123",
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, document)
+        grant_object(viewer, document, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=viewer)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -504,9 +501,7 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        viewer.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(viewer, "view_document")
         viewer = User.objects.get(pk=viewer.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=viewer)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -545,14 +540,12 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_test_storage_path_exposes_basic_document_context_but_not_sensitive_owner_data(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(
+        owner = UserFactory(
             username="owner",
             password="password",
             email="owner@example.com",
         )
-        owner.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(owner, "view_document")
         document = Document.objects.create(
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             owner=owner,
@@ -614,8 +607,8 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_test_storage_path_includes_related_objects_for_visible_document(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        viewer = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        viewer = UserFactory(username="viewer")
         private_correspondent = Correspondent.objects.create(
             name="Private Correspondent",
             owner=owner,
@@ -627,10 +620,8 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             title="Document",
             checksum="123",
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, document)
-        viewer.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_object(viewer, document, "view_document")
+        grant_global(viewer, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=viewer)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -662,7 +653,7 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.data, "Private Correspondent.pdf")
 
     def test_test_storage_path_superuser_can_view_private_related_objects(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         private_correspondent = Correspondent.objects.create(
             name="Private Correspondent",
             owner=owner,
@@ -693,8 +684,8 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_test_storage_path_includes_doc_type_storage_path_and_tags(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        viewer = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        viewer = UserFactory(username="viewer")
         private_document_type = DocumentType.objects.create(
             name="Private Type",
             owner=owner,
@@ -717,10 +708,8 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             checksum="123",
         )
         document.tags.add(private_tag)
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, document)
-        viewer.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_object(viewer, document, "view_document")
+        grant_global(viewer, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=viewer)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -756,8 +745,8 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_test_storage_path_includes_custom_fields_for_visible_document(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        viewer = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        viewer = UserFactory(username="viewer")
         document = Document.objects.create(
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             owner=owner,
@@ -773,10 +762,8 @@ class TestApiStoragePaths(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             field=custom_field,
             value_int=42,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, document)
-        viewer.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_object(viewer, document, "view_document")
+        grant_global(viewer, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=viewer)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -798,7 +785,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjects(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.temp_admin = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.temp_admin = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.temp_admin)
 
         self.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name="t1")
@@ -1030,9 +1017,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjects(APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - User is able to delete objects
         """
-        self.user1.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="delete_tag"),
-        )
+        grant_global(self.user1, "delete_tag")
         self.user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user1)
 
@@ -1062,9 +1047,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjects(APITestCase):
         self.t2.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.t2.save()
 
-        self.user1.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="delete_tag"),
-        )
+        grant_global(self.user1, "delete_tag")
         self.user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user1)
 
@@ -1097,9 +1080,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjects(APITestCase):
         self.t2.owner = User.objects.get(username="temp_admin")
         self.t2.save()
 
-        self.user1.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="delete_tag"),
-        )
+        grant_global(self.user1, "delete_tag")
         self.user1.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user1)
 

src/documents/tests/test_api_permissions.py

@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ from unittest import mock
 from allauth.mfa.models import Authenticator
 from allauth.mfa.totp.internal import auth as totp_auth
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_perms
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_users_with_perms
 from rest_framework import status
@@ -19,7 +17,11 @@ from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import MatchingModel
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_all_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -93,14 +95,14 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertNotIn("X-Version", response)
 
     def test_api_version_with_auth(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="test")
+        user = UserFactory(username="test", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user)
         response = self.client.get("/api/documents/")
         self.assertIn("X-Api-Version", response)
         self.assertIn("X-Version", response)
 
     def test_api_insufficient_permissions(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="test")
+        user = UserFactory(username="test")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user)
 
         Document.objects.create(title="Test")
@@ -137,8 +139,8 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
 
     def test_api_sufficient_permissions(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="test")
-        user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        user = UserFactory(username="test")
+        grant_all_global(user)
         user.is_staff = True
         self.client.force_authenticate(user)
 
@@ -166,9 +168,9 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
 
     def test_api_get_object_permissions(self) -> None:
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="test1")
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="test2")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="test1")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="test2")
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Object created with current user as owner
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1", superuser=True)
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Object created with no owner
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1", superuser=True)
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -265,7 +267,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Object permissions are set appropriately
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1", superuser=True)
         user2 = User.objects.create(username="user2")
         group1 = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
 
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Object permissions are set appropriately
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1", superuser=True)
         user2 = User.objects.create(username="user2")
         group1 = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
 
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             content="this is a document",
         )
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1", superuser=True)
         user2 = User.objects.create(username="user2")
         group1 = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
 
@@ -413,16 +415,16 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             mime_type="application/pdf",
             content="this is a document",
         )
-        user1 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1", superuser=True)
         user2 = User.objects.create(username="user2")
         group1 = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
         doc.owner = user1
         doc.save()
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", user2, doc)
-        assign_perm("change_document", user2, doc)
-        assign_perm("view_document", group1, doc)
-        assign_perm("change_document", group1, doc)
+        grant_object(user2, doc, "view_document")
+        grant_object(user2, doc, "change_document")
+        grant_object(group1, doc, "view_document")
+        grant_object(group1, doc, "change_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -446,11 +448,9 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertIn("change_document", get_perms(group1, doc))
 
     def test_document_permissions_change_requires_owner(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        editor = User.objects.create_user(username="editor")
-        editor.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.all(),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        editor = UserFactory(username="editor")
+        grant_all_global(editor)
 
         doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="Ownered doc",
@@ -460,8 +460,8 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             owner=owner,
         )
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", editor, doc)
-        assign_perm("change_document", editor, doc)
+        grant_object(editor, doc, "view_document")
+        grant_object(editor, doc, "change_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(editor)
         response = self.client.patch(
@@ -499,9 +499,9 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
     def test_dynamic_permissions_fields(self) -> None:
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="user2")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        grant_global(user1, "view_document")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
 
         Document.objects.create(title="Test", content="content 1", checksum="1")
         doc2 = Document.objects.create(
@@ -523,10 +523,10 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             owner=user1,
         )
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", user1, doc2)
-        assign_perm("view_document", user1, doc3)
-        assign_perm("change_document", user1, doc3)
-        assign_perm("view_document", user2, doc4)
+        grant_object(user1, doc2, "view_document")
+        grant_object(user1, doc3, "view_document")
+        grant_object(user1, doc3, "change_document")
+        grant_object(user2, doc4, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -574,8 +574,8 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         owned by someone else with no explicit guardian grant -- mirrors
         guardian's own ObjectPermissionChecker.has_perm() superuser shortcut.
         """
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username="admin")
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="user2")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="admin", superuser=True)
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="user2")
         Document.objects.create(
             title="Test",
             content="content",
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - MFA required error is returned
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
         user1.set_password("password")
         user1.save()
 
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ class TestApiAuth(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - MFA code is required
         """
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="user1")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
         user1.set_password("password")
         user1.save()
 
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ class TestApiUser(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
     def test_get_users(self) -> None:
@@ -858,10 +858,8 @@ class TestApiUser(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
 
-        regular_user = User.objects.create_user(username="regular_user")
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.all(),
-        )
+        regular_user = UserFactory(username="regular_user")
+        grant_all_global(regular_user)
         self.client.force_authenticate(regular_user)
         Authenticator.objects.create(
             user=user1,
@@ -885,9 +883,9 @@ class TestApiUser(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             - Only superusers can change superuser status
         """
 
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
-        user2 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user2")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="user2", superuser=True)
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -972,9 +970,9 @@ class TestApiUser(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             - Only superusers can change staff status
         """
 
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user(username="user1")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
-        user2 = User.objects.create_superuser(username="user2")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        grant_all_global(user1)
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="user2", superuser=True)
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user1)
 
@@ -1027,7 +1025,7 @@ class TestApiGroup(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
     def test_get_groups(self) -> None:
@@ -1128,7 +1126,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectPermissions(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.temp_admin = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.temp_admin = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.temp_admin)
 
         self.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name="t1")
@@ -1276,7 +1274,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectPermissions(APITestCase):
             },
         }
 
-        assign_perm("view_tag", self.user3, self.t1)
+        grant_object(self.user3, self.t1, "view_tag")
         self.t1.owner = self.user3
         self.t1.save()
 
@@ -1373,13 +1371,9 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectPermissions(APITestCase):
         """
         self.t1.owner = self.user2
         self.t1.save()
-        assign_perm("view_tag", self.user1, self.t1)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", self.user1, self.t1)
-        self.user1.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["view_tag", "change_tag"],
-            ),
-        )
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.t1, "change_tag")
+        grant_global(self.user1, "view_tag", "change_tag")
         user1 = User.objects.get(pk=self.user1.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1426,13 +1420,9 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectPermissions(APITestCase):
         """
         owned = Tag.objects.create(name="owned", owner=self.user1)
         shared = Tag.objects.create(name="shared", owner=self.user2)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", self.user1, shared)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", self.user1, shared)
-        self.user1.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["view_tag", "change_tag"],
-            ),
-        )
+        grant_object(self.user1, shared, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(self.user1, shared, "change_tag")
+        grant_global(self.user1, "view_tag", "change_tag")
         user1 = User.objects.get(pk=self.user1.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1473,14 +1463,10 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectPermissions(APITestCase):
         """
         self.t1.owner = self.user2
         self.t1.save()
-        assign_perm("view_tag", self.user1, self.t1)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", self.user1, self.t1)
-        assign_perm("delete_tag", self.user1, self.t1)
-        self.user1.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["view_tag", "change_tag", "delete_tag"],
-            ),
-        )
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.t1, "change_tag")
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.t1, "delete_tag")
+        grant_global(self.user1, "view_tag", "change_tag", "delete_tag")
         user1 = User.objects.get(pk=self.user1.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user1)
 
@@ -1585,7 +1571,7 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectPermissions(APITestCase):
             - Request succeeds and null is treated as an empty user list,
               so the existing view permission is removed
         """
-        assign_perm("view_tag", self.user1, self.t1)
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.t1, "view_tag")
 
         response = self.client.post(
             "/api/bulk_edit_objects/",
@@ -1680,7 +1666,7 @@ class TestFullPermissionsFlag(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.admin = User.objects.create_superuser(username="admin")
+        self.admin = UserFactory(username="admin", superuser=True)
 
     def test_full_perms_flag(self) -> None:
         """

src/documents/tests/test_api_post_document_nfc.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import unicodedata
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from unittest import mock
@@ -7,8 +9,11 @@ import pytest
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from rest_framework.test import APIClient
+
     from documents.data_models import ConsumableDocument
     from documents.data_models import DocumentMetadataOverrides
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()
@@ -18,22 +23,14 @@ def consume_file_mock():
         yield m
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
-def directories(tmp_path, settings, _media_settings):
-    scratch = tmp_path / "scratch"
-    scratch.mkdir()
-    settings.SCRATCH_DIR = scratch
-    return scratch
-
-
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestPostDocumentNFCNormalization:
     def test_nfd_filename_normalized_to_nfc(
         self,
-        admin_client,
+        admin_client: APIClient,
         consume_file_mock: mock.MagicMock,
-        directories,
-    ):
+        paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
+    ) -> None:
         """Uploaded file with NFD filename must have its name stored as NFC."""
         nfd = unicodedata.normalize("NFD", "Rechnung März.pdf")
         nfc = unicodedata.normalize("NFC", "Rechnung März.pdf")
@@ -69,10 +66,10 @@ class TestPostDocumentNFCNormalization:
 
     def test_already_nfc_filename_unchanged(
         self,
-        admin_client,
+        admin_client: APIClient,
         consume_file_mock: mock.MagicMock,
-        directories,
-    ):
+        paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
+    ) -> None:
         """Uploaded file with already-NFC filename must pass through unchanged."""
         nfc = unicodedata.normalize("NFC", "Invoice_2024.pdf")
 

src/documents/tests/test_api_profile.py

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 # see allauth.socialaccount.providers.openid.provider.OpenIDProvider
@@ -55,10 +56,11 @@ class TestApiProfile(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(
+        self.user = UserFactory(
             username="temp_admin",
             first_name="firstname",
             last_name="surname",
+            superuser=True,
         )
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
@@ -401,7 +403,7 @@ class TestApiTOTPViews(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
     def test_get_totp(self) -> None:

src/documents/tests/test_api_search.py

@@ -7,10 +7,8 @@ import time_machine
 from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
@@ -27,10 +25,13 @@ from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.models import Workflow
 from documents.search import get_backend
 from documents.search import reset_backend
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from paperless_mail.models import MailAccount
 from paperless_mail.models import MailRule
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.search
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         super().setUp()
         reset_backend()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
     def tearDown(self) -> None:
@@ -949,9 +950,9 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Terms only within docs user has access to are returned
         """
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
-        u1.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"))
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
+        grant_global(u1, "view_document")
 
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=u1)
 
@@ -991,7 +992,7 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
         self.assertEqual(response.data, ["applebaum", "apples"])
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", u1, d3)
+        grant_object(u1, d3, "view_document")
         backend.add_or_update(d3)
 
         response = self.client.get("/api/search/autocomplete/?term=app")
@@ -999,10 +1000,10 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.data, ["applebaum", "apples", "appletini"])
 
     def test_search_autocomplete_group_revocation_is_immediate(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user("group-user")
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("document-owner")
+        user = UserFactory(username="group-user")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="document-owner")
         group = Group.objects.create(name="temporary-viewers")
-        user.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"))
+        grant_global(user, "view_document")
         user.groups.add(group)
 
         document = Document.objects.create(
@@ -1011,7 +1012,7 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             checksum="group-revocation",
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", group, document)
+        grant_object(group, document, "view_document")
         get_backend().add_or_update(document)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
@@ -1091,11 +1092,9 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertIsNone(response.data["corrected_query"])
 
     def test_search_spelling_suggestion_suppressed_for_private_terms(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("owner")
-        attacker = User.objects.create_user("attacker")
-        attacker.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        attacker = UserFactory(username="attacker")
+        grant_global(attacker, "view_document")
 
         backend = get_backend()
         for i in range(5):
@@ -1222,11 +1221,9 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - The request is rejected
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user("owner")
-        attacker = User.objects.create_user("attacker")
-        attacker.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        attacker = UserFactory(username="attacker")
+        grant_global(attacker, "view_document")
 
         private_seed = Document.objects.create(
             title="private bank statement",
@@ -1534,11 +1531,11 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             - Only owned docs are returned for regular users
             - All docs are returned for superuser
         """
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
-        u1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
-        u2.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
+        grant_global(u1, "view_document")
+        grant_global(u2, "view_document")
 
         Document.objects.create(checksum="1", content="test 1", owner=u1)
         Document.objects.create(checksum="2", content="test 2", owner=u2)
@@ -1588,10 +1585,10 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Only docs with granted view permissions are returned
         """
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
-        u1.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
-        u2.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"))
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
+        grant_global(u1, "view_document")
+        grant_global(u2, "view_document")
 
         d1 = Document.objects.create(checksum="1", content="test 1", owner=u1)
         d2 = Document.objects.create(checksum="2", content="test 2", owner=u2)
@@ -1616,9 +1613,9 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         r = self.client.get("/api/documents/?query=test&owner__isnull=true")
         self.assertEqual(r.data["count"], 1)
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", u1, d2)
-        assign_perm("view_document", u1, d3)
-        assign_perm("view_document", u2, d1)
+        grant_object(u1, d2, "view_document")
+        grant_object(u1, d3, "view_document")
+        grant_object(u2, d1, "view_document")
 
         backend.add_or_update(d1)
         backend.add_or_update(d2)
@@ -1641,8 +1638,8 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(r.data["count"], 1)
 
     def test_search_sorting(self) -> None:
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
-        u2 = User.objects.create_user("user2")
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
+        u2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
         c1 = Correspondent.objects.create(name="corres Ax")
         c2 = Correspondent.objects.create(name="corres Cx")
         c3 = Correspondent.objects.create(name="corres Bx")
@@ -1892,8 +1889,8 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             pk=5,
         )
 
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user("bank user1")
-        user2 = User.objects.create_superuser("user2")
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="bank user1")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="user2", superuser=True)
         group1 = Group.objects.create(name="bank group1")
         Group.objects.create(name="group2")
 
@@ -1925,7 +1922,7 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             sort_field="",
             owner=user2,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_savedview", user1, shared_view)
+        grant_object(user1, shared_view, "view_savedview")
         mail_account1 = MailAccount.objects.create(name="bank mail account 1")
         mail_account2 = MailAccount.objects.create(name="mail account 2")
         mail_rule1 = MailRule.objects.create(
@@ -2018,12 +2015,9 @@ class TestDocumentSearchApi(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(returned.get(root.id), "latest content")
 
     def test_global_search_filters_owned_mail_objects(self) -> None:
-        user1 = User.objects.create_user("mail-search-user")
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user("other-mail-search-user")
-        user1.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_mailaccount"),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_mailrule"),
-        )
+        user1 = UserFactory(username="mail-search-user")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="other-mail-search-user")
+        grant_global(user1, "view_mailaccount", "view_mailrule")
 
         own_account = MailAccount.objects.create(
             name="bank owned account",

src/documents/tests/test_api_status.py

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ from datetime import timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
 from rest_framework import status
@@ -14,8 +12,10 @@ from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 from documents.models import PaperlessTask
 from documents.permissions import has_system_status_permission
-from documents.tests.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
 from paperless import version
+from paperless_testing.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 class TestSystemStatus(APITestCase):
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ class TestSystemStatus(APITestCase):
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(
-            username="temp_admin",
-        )
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.tmp_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
         self.override = override_settings(MEDIA_ROOT=self.tmp_dir)
         self.override.enable()
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ class TestSystemStatus(APITestCase):
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
         self.assertEqual(response["WWW-Authenticate"], "Token")
-        normal_user = User.objects.create_user(username="normal_user")
+        normal_user = UserFactory(username="normal_user")
         self.client.force_login(normal_user)
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
@@ -107,10 +105,8 @@ class TestSystemStatus(APITestCase):
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
 
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="status_user")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_system_monitoring"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="status_user")
+        grant_global(user, "view_system_monitoring")
 
         self.client.force_login(user)
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)

src/documents/tests/test_api_tasks.py

@@ -11,22 +11,21 @@ from datetime import timedelta
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.utils import timezone
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 from documents.filters import PaperlessTaskFilterSet
 from documents.models import PaperlessTask
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.api
 
 ENDPOINT = "/api/tasks/"
-ACCEPT_V10 = "application/json; version=10"
 ACCEPT_V9 = "application/json; version=9"
 
 
@@ -346,21 +345,16 @@ class TestGetTasksV10:
         self,
         admin_user: User,
         regular_user: User,
+        user_client: APIClient,
     ) -> None:
         """Regular users see their own tasks and unowned (system) tasks; other users' tasks are hidden."""
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_paperlesstask"),
-        )
-
-        client = APIClient()
-        client.force_authenticate(user=regular_user)
-        client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT=ACCEPT_V10)
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_paperlesstask")
 
         PaperlessTaskFactory(owner=admin_user)  # other user — not visible
         unowned_task = PaperlessTaskFactory()  # unowned (system task) — visible
         own_task = PaperlessTaskFactory(owner=regular_user)
 
-        response = client.get(ENDPOINT)
+        response = user_client.get(ENDPOINT)
 
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK
         assert response.data["count"] == 2
@@ -590,9 +584,7 @@ class TestGetTasksV9:
         regular_user: User,
     ) -> None:
         """Non-staff users see their own tasks plus unowned tasks via v9 API."""
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_paperlesstask"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_paperlesstask")
 
         client = APIClient()
         client.force_authenticate(user=regular_user)
@@ -732,19 +724,17 @@ class TestAcknowledge:
 
         assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
-    def test_succeeds_with_change_permission(self, regular_user: User) -> None:
+    def test_succeeds_with_change_permission(
+        self,
+        regular_user: User,
+        user_client: APIClient,
+    ) -> None:
         """Users granted change_paperlesstask permission can acknowledge tasks."""
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_paperlesstask"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "change_paperlesstask")
         regular_user.save()
 
-        client = APIClient()
-        client.force_authenticate(user=regular_user)
-        client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT=ACCEPT_V10)
-
         task = PaperlessTaskFactory()
-        response = client.post(
+        response = user_client.post(
             ENDPOINT + "acknowledge/",
             {"tasks": [task.id]},
             format="json",
@@ -807,9 +797,7 @@ class TestSummaryPermissions:
         regular_user,
     ) -> None:
         """A user with view_system_monitoring but no document permissions can access summary/."""
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_system_monitoring"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_system_monitoring")
 
         response = user_client.get(ENDPOINT + "summary/")
 
@@ -822,9 +810,7 @@ class TestSummaryPermissions:
         admin_user,
     ) -> None:
         """Monitoring user sees aggregate data for all tasks, not just unowned ones."""
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_system_monitoring"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_system_monitoring")
         PaperlessTaskFactory(
             owner=admin_user,
             task_type=PaperlessTask.TaskType.CONSUME_FILE,
@@ -845,9 +831,7 @@ class TestSummaryPermissions:
     ) -> None:
         """A regular user with view_paperlesstask but not view_system_monitoring sees only
         their own tasks and unowned tasks in the summary, not other users' tasks."""
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_paperlesstask"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_paperlesstask")
 
         PaperlessTaskFactory(
             owner=regular_user,
@@ -1012,9 +996,7 @@ class TestDuplicateDocumentsPermissions:
 
     @pytest.fixture()
     def user_v9_client(self, regular_user: User) -> APIClient:
-        regular_user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_paperlesstask"),
-        )
+        grant_global(regular_user, "view_paperlesstask")
         client = APIClient()
         client.force_authenticate(user=regular_user)
         client.credentials(HTTP_ACCEPT=ACCEPT_V9)
@@ -1085,7 +1067,7 @@ class TestDuplicateDocumentsPermissions:
     ) -> None:
         """A user with explicit guardian view_document permission sees the duplicate_of document."""
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=admin_user, title="Granted Doc")
-        assign_perm("view_document", regular_user, doc)
+        grant_object(regular_user, doc, "view_document")
         PaperlessTaskFactory(
             owner=regular_user,
             status=PaperlessTask.Status.SUCCESS,

src/documents/tests/test_api_trash.py

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 from datetime import date
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.cache import cache
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_all_global
 
 
 class TestTrashAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin")
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin")
+        grant_all_global(self.user)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
         cache.clear()
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TestTrashAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(Document.global_objects.count(), 0)
 
     def test_trash_list_requires_global_document_view_permission(self) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="trash_owner")
+        user = UserFactory(username="trash_owner")
         document = Document.objects.create(title="Owned", owner=user)
         document.delete()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user)
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class TestTrashAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             created=date(2023, 1, 2),
         )
         document_not_owned.delete()
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="user2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
         document_u2 = Document.objects.create(
             title="Title3",
             content="content3",
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class TestTrashAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.data["results"][1]["id"], document_u1.pk)
 
         # superuser sees all documents
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username="superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
         resp = self.client.get("/api/trash/")
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, status.HTTP_200_OK)
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class TestTrashAPI(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             - 403 Forbidden
         """
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="user2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="user2")
         document = Document.objects.create(
             title="Title",
             content="content",

src/documents/tests/test_api_uisettings.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import json
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from paperless.version import __full_version_str__
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestApiUiSettings(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class TestApiUiSettings(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        self.test_user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="test")
+        self.test_user = UserFactory(username="test", superuser=True)
         self.test_user.first_name = "Test"
         self.test_user.last_name = "User"
         self.test_user.save()
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class TestApiUiSettings(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
 
     def test_api_set_ui_settings_insufficient_global_permissions(self) -> None:
-        not_superuser = User.objects.create_user(username="test_not_superuser")
+        not_superuser = UserFactory(username="test_not_superuser")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=not_superuser)
 
         settings = {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class TestApiUiSettings(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
     def test_api_set_ui_settings_sufficient_global_permissions(self) -> None:
-        not_superuser = User.objects.create_user(username="test_not_superuser")
+        not_superuser = UserFactory(username="test_not_superuser")
         not_superuser.user_permissions.add(
             *Permission.objects.filter(codename__contains="uisettings"),
         )

src/documents/tests/test_api_workflows.py

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.models import Workflow
 from documents.models import WorkflowAction
 from documents.models import WorkflowTrigger
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestApiWorkflows(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class TestApiWorkflows(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="temp_admin")
+        user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
         self.user2 = User.objects.create(username="user2")
         self.user3 = User.objects.create(username="user3")

src/documents/tests/test_barcodes.py

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.plugins.base import StopConsumeTaskError
 from documents.tests.utils import ConsumeTaskMixin
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import DummyProgressManager
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import SampleDirMixin
 from paperless.models import ApplicationConfiguration
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 class GetReaderPluginMixin:

src/documents/tests/test_bulk_edit.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_groups_with_perms
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_users_with_perms
 
@@ -23,7 +22,8 @@ from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.permissions import set_permissions_for_objects
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestBulkEdit(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ class TestBulkEdit(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
     def test_set_permissions(self, m) -> None:
         doc_ids = [self.doc1.id, self.doc2.id, self.doc3.id]
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", self.group1, self.doc1)
+        grant_object(self.group1, self.doc1, "view_document")
 
         permissions = {
             "view": {
@@ -482,8 +482,8 @@ class TestBulkEdit(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = self.user1
         self.doc1.save()
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", self.user1, self.doc1)
-        assign_perm("view_document", self.group1, self.doc1)
+        grant_object(self.user1, self.doc1, "view_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, self.doc1, "view_document")
 
         permissions = {
             "view": {
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ class TestBulkEdit(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         self.doc1.owner = self.user1
         self.doc1.save()
         self.user1.groups.add(self.group1)
-        assign_perm("view_document", self.group1, self.doc1)
+        grant_object(self.group1, self.doc1, "view_document")
 
         bulk_edit.set_permissions(
             [self.doc1.id],

src/documents/tests/test_classifier.py

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import MatchingModel
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from paperless.settings import CLASSIFIER_LANGUAGES
 from paperless.signed_pickle import HMAC_SIZE
 from paperless.signed_pickle import signed_pickle_dumps
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
 
 
 def dummy_preprocess(content: str) -> str:

src/documents/tests/test_consumer.py

@@ -30,11 +30,12 @@ from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.parsers import ParseError
 from documents.plugins.helpers import ProgressStatusOptions
 from documents.tasks import sanity_check
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import DummyProgressManager
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import GetConsumerMixin
 from paperless_mail.models import MailRule
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class _BaseNewStyleParser:
@@ -769,7 +770,7 @@ class TestConsumer(
 
         original_modified = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
         Document.objects.filter(pk=root_doc.pk).update(modified=original_modified)
-        actor = User.objects.create_user(
+        actor = UserFactory(
             username="actor",
             email="actor@example.com",
             password="password",

src/documents/tests/test_document_list_effective_content_annotation.py

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
 from rest_framework import status
 
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
 from documents.versioning import LATEST_VERSION_CONTENT_PREFETCH_ATTR
 from documents.versioning import has_prefetched_effective_content
 from documents.versioning import latest_version_content_prefetch
 from documents.views import DocumentViewSet
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from rest_framework.test import APIClient

src/documents/tests/test_double_sided.py

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ from documents.data_models import ConsumableDocument
 from documents.data_models import DocumentSource
 from documents.double_sided import STAGING_FILE_NAME
 from documents.double_sided import TIMEOUT_MINUTES
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import DummyProgressManager
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 @override_settings(
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ class TestDoubleSided(DirectoriesMixin, FileSystemAssertsMixin, TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        self.dirs.double_sided_dir = self.dirs.consumption_dir / "double-sided"
-        self.dirs.double_sided_dir.mkdir()
+        self.double_sided_dir = self.dirs.consumption_dir / "double-sided"
+        self.double_sided_dir.mkdir()
         self.staging_file = self.dirs.scratch_dir / STAGING_FILE_NAME
 
     def consume_file(self, srcname, dstname: str | Path = "foo.pdf"):
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestDoubleSided(DirectoriesMixin, FileSystemAssertsMixin, TestCase):
         destination file does not exist afterwards
         """
         src = self.SAMPLE_DIR / srcname
-        dst = self.dirs.double_sided_dir / dstname
+        dst = self.double_sided_dir / dstname
         dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         shutil.copy(src, dst)
         with mock.patch(
@@ -214,31 +214,41 @@ class TestDoubleSided(DirectoriesMixin, FileSystemAssertsMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertIsNotFile(self.staging_file)
         self.assertIsInstance(msg.get("document_id"), int)
 
-    def test_subdirectory_upload(self) -> None:
+    def test_consume_double_sided_in_nested_dir(self) -> None:
         """
         GIVEN:
             - A staging file exists
         WHEN:
-            - A file gets uploaded into foo/bar/double-sided
-              or double-sided/foo/bar
+            - A file is uploaded into foo/bar/double-sided
         THEN:
-            - The collated file gets put into foo/bar
+            - The collated file is placed into foo/bar
         """
-        # TODO: parameterize this instead
-        for path in [
-            Path("foo") / "bar" / "double-sided",
-            Path("double-sided") / "foo" / "bar",
-        ]:
-            with self.subTest(path=str(path)):
-                # Ensure we get fresh directories for each run
-                self.tearDown()
-                self.setUp()
+        self.create_staging_file()
+        self.consume_file(
+            "double-sided-odd.pdf",
+            Path("foo") / "bar" / "double-sided" / "foo.pdf",
+        )
+        self.assertIsFile(
+            self.dirs.consumption_dir / "foo" / "bar" / "foo-collated.pdf",
+        )
 
-                self.create_staging_file()
-                self.consume_file("double-sided-odd.pdf", Path(path) / "foo.pdf")
-                self.assertIsFile(
-                    self.dirs.consumption_dir / "foo" / "bar" / "foo-collated.pdf",
-                )
+    def test_consume_double_sided_with_nested_subdir(self) -> None:
+        """
+        GIVEN:
+            - A staging file exists
+        WHEN:
+            - A file is uploaded into double-sided/foo/bar
+        THEN:
+            - The collated file is placed into foo/bar
+        """
+        self.create_staging_file()
+        self.consume_file(
+            "double-sided-odd.pdf",
+            Path("double-sided") / "foo" / "bar" / "foo.pdf",
+        )
+        self.assertIsFile(
+            self.dirs.consumption_dir / "foo" / "bar" / "foo-collated.pdf",
+        )
 
     @override_settings(CONSUMER_ENABLE_COLLATE_DOUBLE_SIDED=False)
     def test_disabled_double_sided_dir_upload(self) -> None:

src/documents/tests/test_file_handling.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from unittest import mock
 import pytest
 from auditlog.context import disable_auditlog
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.db import DatabaseError
 from django.db import connection
 from django.test import TestCase
@@ -30,9 +29,10 @@ from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.serialisers import DocumentSerializer
 from documents.tasks import empty_trash
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestFileHandling(DirectoriesMixin, FileSystemAssertsMixin, TestCase):
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ class TestFilenameGeneration(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
             - Document without owner returns "none"
         """
 
-        u1 = User.objects.create_user("user1")
+        u1 = UserFactory(username="user1")
 
         owned_doc = Document.objects.create(
             title="The Title",

src/documents/tests/test_filepath_nfc.py

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ import pytest
 from documents.file_handling import generate_filename
 from documents.models import CustomField
 from documents.models import CustomFieldInstance
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import StoragePathFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import StoragePathFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
 
 
 @pytest.mark.django_db

src/documents/tests/test_management.py

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 from documents.file_handling import generate_filename
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.tasks import update_document_content_maybe_archive_file
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 sample_file: Path = Path(__file__).parent / "samples" / "simple.pdf"
 

src/documents/tests/test_management_exporter.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
 from guardian.models import GroupObjectPermission
 from guardian.models import UserObjectPermission
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 
 from documents.management.commands import document_exporter
 from documents.models import Correspondent
@@ -46,11 +45,12 @@ from documents.models import WorkflowTrigger
 from documents.sanity_checker import check_sanity
 from documents.settings import EXPORTER_FILE_NAME
 from documents.settings import EXPORTER_SHARE_LINK_BUNDLE_NAME
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import SampleDirMixin
-from documents.tests.utils import paperless_environment
 from paperless_mail.models import MailAccount
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import paperless_environment
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 @pytest.mark.management
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ class TestExportImport(
             user=self.user,
         )
 
-        assign_perm("view_document", self.user2, self.d2)
-        assign_perm("view_document", self.group1, self.d3)
+        grant_object(self.user2, self.d2, "view_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, self.d3, "view_document")
 
         self.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name="t")
         self.dt1 = DocumentType.objects.create(name="dt")

src/documents/tests/test_management_fuzzy.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 
 @pytest.mark.management

src/documents/tests/test_management_importer.py

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ from documents.management.commands.document_importer import _deserialize_record
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.settings import EXPORTER_ARCHIVE_NAME
 from documents.settings import EXPORTER_FILE_NAME
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import SampleDirMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 @pytest.mark.management

src/documents/tests/test_management_retagger.py

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import MatchingModel
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import StoragePathFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import StoragePathFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Module-level type aliases

src/documents/tests/test_management_superuser.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.test import TestCase
 
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 @pytest.mark.management

src/documents/tests/test_management_thumbnails.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ from django.test import TestCase
 from documents.management.commands.document_thumbnails import _process_document
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.parsers import get_default_thumbnail
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 @pytest.mark.management

src/documents/tests/test_matchables.py

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ from documents import matching
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.models import MatchingModel
 from documents.signals import document_consumption_finished
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(

src/documents/tests/test_merge_documents_as_versions.py

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ import json
 from unittest import mock
 
 from auditlog.models import LogEntry
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.test import TestCase
 from rest_framework import status
@@ -12,6 +10,8 @@ from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 from documents.bulk_edit import merge_as_versions
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.serialisers import MergeDocumentsAsVersionsSerializer
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 class TestMergeDocumentsAsVersionsSerializer(TestCase):
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ class TestMergeDocumentsAsVersions(TestCase):
     @mock.patch("documents.bulk_edit.bulk_update_documents.apply_async")
     @mock.patch("documents.search.get_backend")
     def test_writes_audit_log_entry(self, *_mocks) -> None:
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="merger")
+        user = UserFactory(username="merger")
         root = Document.objects.create(checksum="A", title="Root")
         source = Document.objects.create(checksum="B", title="Source")
         LogEntry.objects.all().delete()
@@ -335,12 +335,8 @@ class TestMergeDocumentsAsVersions(TestCase):
 
 class TestMergeDocumentsAsVersionsAPI(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username="user")
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="delete_document"),
-        )
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="user")
+        grant_global(self.user, "change_document", "view_document", "delete_document")
         self.doc1 = Document.objects.create(
             checksum="A",
             title="A",
@@ -382,7 +378,7 @@ class TestMergeDocumentsAsVersionsAPI(APITestCase):
     @mock.patch("documents.views.bulk_edit.merge_as_versions")
     def test_requires_change_permission(self, merge_mock) -> None:
         merge_mock.__name__ = "merge_as_versions"
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="no-change")
+        user = UserFactory(username="no-change")
         self.doc1.owner = user
         self.doc1.save()
         self.doc2.owner = user
@@ -405,11 +401,8 @@ class TestMergeDocumentsAsVersionsAPI(APITestCase):
     def test_requires_delete_permission(self, merge_mock) -> None:
         merge_mock.__name__ = "merge_as_versions"
         # Owns them and may change them, but may not make them stop being documents
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="no-delete")
-        user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="no-delete")
+        grant_global(user, "change_document", "view_document")
         for doc in (self.doc1, self.doc2):
             doc.owner = user
             doc.save()

src/documents/tests/test_migration_sha256_checksums.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import hashlib
-import shutil
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -19,19 +18,22 @@ class TestSha256ChecksumDataMigration(TestMigrations):
 
     migrate_from = "0015_document_version_index_and_more"
     migrate_to = "0016_sha256_checksums"
+    migrate_once = True
     reset_sequences = True
 
     ORIGINAL_CONTENT = b"original file content for sha256 migration test"
     ARCHIVE_CONTENT = b"archive file content for sha256 migration test"
 
-    def setUpBeforeMigration(self, apps) -> None:
-        self._originals_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-        self._archive_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp())
-        self._settings_override = override_settings(
-            ORIGINALS_DIR=self._originals_dir,
-            ARCHIVE_DIR=self._archive_dir,
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
+        super().setUpClass()
+        originals_dir = Path(cls.enterClassContext(tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()))
+        archive_dir = Path(cls.enterClassContext(tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()))
+        cls.enterClassContext(
+            override_settings(ORIGINALS_DIR=originals_dir, ARCHIVE_DIR=archive_dir),
         )
-        self._settings_override.enable()
+
+    def setUpBeforeMigration(self, apps) -> None:
         Document = apps.get_model("documents", "Document")
 
         # doc1: original file present, no archive
@@ -85,8 +87,9 @@ class TestSha256ChecksumDataMigration(TestMigrations):
             archive_checksum=None,
         ).pk
 
-    def _fixture_teardown(self) -> None:
-        super()._fixture_teardown()
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
+        super().tearDownClass()
         # Django's SQLite backend returns [] from sequence_reset_sql(), so
         # reset_sequences=True flushes rows but never clears sqlite_sequence.
         # Explicitly delete the entry so subsequent tests start from pk=1.
@@ -96,12 +99,6 @@ class TestSha256ChecksumDataMigration(TestMigrations):
                     "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name='documents_document'",
                 )
 
-    def tearDown(self) -> None:
-        super().tearDown()
-        self._settings_override.disable()
-        shutil.rmtree(self._originals_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-        shutil.rmtree(self._archive_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-
     def test_original_checksum_updated_to_sha256_when_file_exists(self) -> None:
         Document = self.apps.get_model("documents", "Document")
         doc = Document.objects.get(pk=self.doc1_id)

src/documents/tests/test_models.py

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import pytest
 
 from documents.models import Correspondent
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 
 @pytest.mark.django_db

src/documents/tests/test_permission_filtering_security.py

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from http import HTTPStatus
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework.test import APIClient
 
 from documents.matching import match_correspondents
@@ -24,11 +22,17 @@ from documents.permissions import permitted_document_ids
 from documents.permissions import permitted_object_ids
 from documents.permissions import restrict_queryset_to_visible
 from documents.serialisers import _get_viewable_duplicates
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import StoragePathFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import StoragePathFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
 
 
 def assert_visible_document_ids(actual_ids, *, expected_visible, expected_hidden):
@@ -47,8 +51,8 @@ def assert_visible_document_ids(actual_ids, *, expected_visible, expected_hidden
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
     def test_owner_sees_own_document(self):
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="alice")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username="mallory")
+        user = UserFactory(username="alice")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username="mallory")
         owned = DocumentFactory(owner=user)
         strangers_doc = DocumentFactory(owner=stranger)
 
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
         )
 
     def test_unowned_document_visible_to_everyone(self):
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="alice")
+        user = UserFactory(username="alice")
         unowned = DocumentFactory(owner=None)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
@@ -71,12 +75,12 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
         )
 
     def test_explicit_user_permission_grants_visibility(self):
-        grantee = User.objects.create_user(username="alice")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username="mallory")
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        grantee = UserFactory(username="alice")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username="mallory")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         shared = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         not_shared = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", grantee, shared)
+        grant_object(grantee, shared, "view_document")
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_document_ids(grantee),
@@ -90,13 +94,13 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
         )
 
     def test_explicit_group_permission_grants_visibility_to_members_only(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        member = User.objects.create_user(username="member")
-        non_member = User.objects.create_user(username="non_member")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        member = UserFactory(username="member")
+        non_member = UserFactory(username="non_member")
         group = Group.objects.create(name="finance")
         member.groups.add(group)
         shared = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", group, shared)
+        grant_object(group, shared, "view_document")
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_document_ids(member),
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
         )
 
     def test_soft_deleted_document_excluded_by_default(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         doc.delete()  # soft delete
         doc.refresh_from_db()
@@ -126,8 +130,8 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
         )
 
     def test_superuser_sees_everything_including_no_perm_documents(self):
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username="root")
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="root", superuser=True)
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
         )
 
     def test_anonymous_user_sees_only_unowned_documents(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         owned = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         unowned = DocumentFactory(owner=None)
 
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsSecurity:
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestPermittedDocumentIdsIncludeDeleted:
     def test_include_deleted_true_reveals_soft_deleted_owned_document(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         doc.delete()
 
@@ -162,8 +166,8 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsIncludeDeleted:
         )
 
     def test_include_deleted_true_still_respects_permission_boundary(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username="mallory")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username="mallory")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         doc.delete()
 
@@ -191,14 +195,12 @@ class TestAiChatAllDocumentsPermissionBoundary:
     def test_chat_all_documents_excludes_unshared_document(self, mock_stream_chat):
         mock_stream_chat.return_value = iter([b"data"])
 
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        asker = User.objects.create_user(username="asker")
-        asker.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        asker = UserFactory(username="asker")
+        grant_global(asker, "view_document")
         shared = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         not_shared = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", asker, shared)
+        grant_object(asker, shared, "view_document")
 
         client = APIClient()
         client.force_authenticate(user=asker)
@@ -219,13 +221,13 @@ class TestAiChatAllDocumentsPermissionBoundary:
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestDuplicateDocumentsPermissionBoundary:
     def test_get_viewable_duplicates_includes_soft_deleted_but_respects_perms(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username="mallory")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username="mallory")
         original = DocumentFactory(owner=owner, checksum="dupe-checksum")
         dup_visible = DocumentFactory(owner=owner, checksum="dupe-checksum")
         dup_hidden = DocumentFactory(owner=owner, checksum="dupe-checksum")
         dup_hidden.delete()  # soft delete, should still be found (include_deleted=True)
-        assign_perm("view_document", stranger, dup_visible)
+        grant_object(stranger, dup_visible, "view_document")
 
         result_owner = _get_viewable_duplicates(original, owner)
         assert {d.pk for d in result_owner} == {dup_visible.pk, dup_hidden.pk}
@@ -237,13 +239,13 @@ class TestDuplicateDocumentsPermissionBoundary:
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestPermittedDocumentIdsArbitraryPermission:
     def test_change_document_permission_is_distinct_from_view(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        viewer_only = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
-        editor = User.objects.create_user(username="editor")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        viewer_only = UserFactory(username="viewer")
+        editor = UserFactory(username="editor")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer_only, doc)
-        assign_perm("change_document", editor, doc)
-        assign_perm("view_document", editor, doc)
+        grant_object(viewer_only, doc, "view_document")
+        grant_object(editor, doc, "change_document")
+        grant_object(editor, doc, "view_document")
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_document_ids(editor, perm="change_document"),
@@ -257,10 +259,10 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsArbitraryPermission:
         )
 
     def test_qualified_permission_string_is_normalized_to_codename(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        editor = User.objects.create_user(username="editor")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        editor = UserFactory(username="editor")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("change_document", editor, doc)
+        grant_object(editor, doc, "change_document")
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_document_ids(editor, perm="documents.change_document"),
@@ -269,11 +271,11 @@ class TestPermittedDocumentIdsArbitraryPermission:
         )
 
     def test_delete_permission_with_include_deleted_for_trash_restore(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username="mallory")
-        view_only = User.objects.create_user(username="viewer")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username="mallory")
+        view_only = UserFactory(username="viewer")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", view_only, doc)
+        grant_object(view_only, doc, "view_document")
         doc.delete()
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
@@ -307,11 +309,9 @@ class TestEmailDocumentPermissionBoundary:
         self,
         rest_api_client,
     ):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "view_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         hidden = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
 
@@ -339,19 +339,17 @@ class TestBulkEditChangePermissionBoundary:
         # permitted document must not be partially applied just because it
         # was bundled with a forbidden one, proving the endpoint checks
         # every document in the batch rather than only the first/last.
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
         # grant the global change_document permission so the object-level
         # check (not the global has_perm check) is what's under test
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(requester, "change_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         changeable = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, changeable)
-        assign_perm("change_document", requester, changeable)  # fully permitted
+        grant_object(requester, changeable, "view_document")
+        grant_object(requester, changeable, "change_document")  # fully permitted
         target = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, target)  # view only, NOT change
+        grant_object(requester, target, "view_document")  # view only, NOT change
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
             "/api/documents/bulk_edit/",
@@ -369,15 +367,14 @@ class TestBulkEditChangePermissionBoundary:
 class TestBulkDownloadPermissionChecksRootDocument:
     def test_download_requires_global_view_permission(
         self,
-        rest_api_client,
-        paperless_dirs,
-        _media_settings,
-    ):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
+        rest_api_client: APIClient,
+        paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
+    ) -> None:
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
         root = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         root.source_path.write_bytes(b"%PDF-1.4 test")
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, root)
+        grant_object(requester, root, "view_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
@@ -390,21 +387,18 @@ class TestBulkDownloadPermissionChecksRootDocument:
 
     def test_permission_checked_on_root_not_on_version(
         self,
-        rest_api_client,
-        paperless_dirs,
-        _media_settings,
-    ):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        rest_api_client: APIClient,
+        paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
+    ) -> None:
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "view_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         root = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         # a version of root that the requester has NOT been individually granted
         version = DocumentFactory(owner=owner, root_document=root, version_index=1)
         version.source_path.write_bytes(b"%PDF-1.4 test")
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, root)  # granted on ROOT only
+        grant_object(requester, root, "view_document")  # granted on ROOT only
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
             "/api/documents/bulk_download/",
@@ -422,11 +416,9 @@ class TestBulkDownloadPermissionChecksRootDocument:
         # root-or-version bug; a user with no grant at all (the old
         # `stranger` case) can't tell the two apart, since they're denied
         # either way.
-        version_only_grantee = User.objects.create_user(username="version_only_grantee")
-        version_only_grantee.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
-        assign_perm("view_document", version_only_grantee, version)
+        version_only_grantee = UserFactory(username="version_only_grantee")
+        grant_global(version_only_grantee, "view_document")
+        grant_object(version_only_grantee, version, "view_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=version_only_grantee)
         response = rest_api_client.post(
             "/api/documents/bulk_download/",
@@ -445,14 +437,12 @@ class TestTrashRestorePermissionBoundary:
         self,
         rest_api_client,
     ):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="delete_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "delete_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, doc)  # view only, NOT delete
+        grant_object(requester, doc, "view_document")  # view only, NOT delete
         doc.delete()
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
@@ -466,14 +456,12 @@ class TestTrashRestorePermissionBoundary:
         self,
         rest_api_client,
     ):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="delete_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "delete_document")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("delete_document", requester, doc)
+        grant_object(requester, doc, "delete_document")
         doc.delete()
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
@@ -484,11 +472,11 @@ class TestTrashRestorePermissionBoundary:
         assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK
 
     def test_restore_requires_global_delete_permission(self, rest_api_client):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("delete_document", requester, doc)
+        grant_object(requester, doc, "delete_document")
         doc.delete()
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
@@ -513,14 +501,12 @@ class TestTrashViewExcludesExplicitlyGrantedDocuments:
     """
 
     def test_explicit_grant_does_not_leak_trashed_document(self, rest_api_client):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="trash_owner")
-        grantee = User.objects.create_user(username="trash_grantee")
-        grantee.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="trash_owner")
+        grantee = UserFactory(username="trash_grantee")
+        grant_global(grantee, "view_document")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=owner)
         doc.delete()  # soft delete
-        assign_perm("view_document", grantee, doc)
+        grant_object(grantee, doc, "view_document")
 
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=grantee)
         response = rest_api_client.get("/api/trash/")
@@ -542,8 +528,8 @@ class TestTrashViewExcludesExplicitlyGrantedDocuments:
 )
 class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
     def test_owner_sees_own_object(self, model, factory, perm):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username=f"owner_{model.__name__}")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username=f"stranger_{model.__name__}")
+        owner = UserFactory(username=f"owner_{model.__name__}")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username=f"stranger_{model.__name__}")
         owned = factory(owner=owner)
         strangers = factory(owner=stranger)
 
@@ -556,14 +542,14 @@ class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("is_superuser", [False, True])
     def test_inactive_user_sees_nothing(self, model, factory, perm, is_superuser):
         suffix = f"{model.__name__}_{is_superuser}"
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
+        user = UserFactory(
             username=f"inactive_{suffix}",
             is_active=False,
             is_superuser=is_superuser,
         )
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username=f"other_{suffix}")
+        other = UserFactory(username=f"other_{suffix}")
         granted = factory(owner=other)
-        assign_perm(perm, user, granted)
+        grant_object(user, granted, perm)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_object_ids(user, model, perm),
@@ -576,7 +562,7 @@ class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
         )
 
     def test_unowned_object_visible_to_everyone(self, model, factory, perm):
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username=f"user_{model.__name__}")
+        user = UserFactory(username=f"user_{model.__name__}")
         unowned = factory(owner=None)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
@@ -586,12 +572,12 @@ class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
         )
 
     def test_explicit_permission_grants_visibility(self, model, factory, perm):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username=f"owner2_{model.__name__}")
-        grantee = User.objects.create_user(username=f"grantee_{model.__name__}")
-        stranger = User.objects.create_user(username=f"stranger2_{model.__name__}")
+        owner = UserFactory(username=f"owner2_{model.__name__}")
+        grantee = UserFactory(username=f"grantee_{model.__name__}")
+        stranger = UserFactory(username=f"stranger2_{model.__name__}")
         shared = factory(owner=owner)
         not_shared = factory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm(perm, grantee, shared)
+        grant_object(grantee, shared, perm)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_object_ids(grantee, model, perm),
@@ -610,13 +596,13 @@ class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
         factory,
         perm,
     ):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username=f"owner3_{model.__name__}")
-        member = User.objects.create_user(username=f"member_{model.__name__}")
-        non_member = User.objects.create_user(username=f"nonmember_{model.__name__}")
+        owner = UserFactory(username=f"owner3_{model.__name__}")
+        member = UserFactory(username=f"member_{model.__name__}")
+        non_member = UserFactory(username=f"nonmember_{model.__name__}")
         group = Group.objects.create(name=f"group_{model.__name__}")
         member.groups.add(group)
         shared = factory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm(perm, group, shared)
+        grant_object(group, shared, perm)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
             permitted_object_ids(member, model, perm),
@@ -630,8 +616,8 @@ class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
         )
 
     def test_superuser_sees_everything(self, model, factory, perm):
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username=f"root_{model.__name__}")
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username=f"owner4_{model.__name__}")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username=f"root_{model.__name__}", superuser=True)
+        owner = UserFactory(username=f"owner4_{model.__name__}")
         obj = factory(owner=owner)
 
         assert_visible_document_ids(
@@ -644,8 +630,8 @@ class TestPermittedObjectIdsGenericModels:
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
     def test_match_tags_only_considers_tags_visible_to_user(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="tag_owner")
-        classifying_user = User.objects.create_user(username="classifier_user")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="tag_owner")
+        classifying_user = UserFactory(username="classifier_user")
         visible_tag = TagFactory(
             owner=owner,
             match="invoice",
@@ -656,7 +642,7 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
             match="invoice",
             matching_algorithm=Tag.MATCH_LITERAL,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_tag", classifying_user, visible_tag)
+        grant_object(classifying_user, visible_tag, "view_tag")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=classifying_user, content="an invoice document")
 
         matched = match_tags(doc, classifier=None, user=classifying_user)
@@ -665,8 +651,8 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
         assert hidden_tag.pk not in matched_ids
 
     def test_match_correspondents_only_considers_correspondents_visible_to_user(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="correspondent_owner")
-        classifying_user = User.objects.create_user(username="classifier_user2")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="correspondent_owner")
+        classifying_user = UserFactory(username="classifier_user2")
         visible_correspondent = CorrespondentFactory(
             owner=owner,
             match="invoice",
@@ -677,7 +663,7 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
             match="invoice",
             matching_algorithm=Correspondent.MATCH_LITERAL,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_correspondent", classifying_user, visible_correspondent)
+        grant_object(classifying_user, visible_correspondent, "view_correspondent")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=classifying_user, content="an invoice document")
 
         matched = match_correspondents(doc, classifier=None, user=classifying_user)
@@ -686,8 +672,8 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
         assert hidden_correspondent.pk not in matched_ids
 
     def test_match_document_types_only_considers_document_types_visible_to_user(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="document_type_owner")
-        classifying_user = User.objects.create_user(username="classifier_user3")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="document_type_owner")
+        classifying_user = UserFactory(username="classifier_user3")
         visible_document_type = DocumentTypeFactory(
             owner=owner,
             match="invoice",
@@ -698,7 +684,7 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
             match="invoice",
             matching_algorithm=DocumentType.MATCH_LITERAL,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_documenttype", classifying_user, visible_document_type)
+        grant_object(classifying_user, visible_document_type, "view_documenttype")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=classifying_user, content="an invoice document")
 
         matched = match_document_types(doc, classifier=None, user=classifying_user)
@@ -707,8 +693,8 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
         assert hidden_document_type.pk not in matched_ids
 
     def test_match_storage_paths_only_considers_storage_paths_visible_to_user(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="storage_path_owner")
-        classifying_user = User.objects.create_user(username="classifier_user4")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="storage_path_owner")
+        classifying_user = UserFactory(username="classifier_user4")
         visible_storage_path = StoragePathFactory(
             owner=owner,
             match="invoice",
@@ -719,7 +705,7 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
             match="invoice",
             matching_algorithm=StoragePath.MATCH_LITERAL,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_storagepath", classifying_user, visible_storage_path)
+        grant_object(classifying_user, visible_storage_path, "view_storagepath")
         doc = DocumentFactory(owner=classifying_user, content="an invoice document")
 
         matched = match_storage_paths(doc, classifier=None, user=classifying_user)
@@ -731,14 +717,12 @@ class TestMatchingRespectsObjectPermissions:
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestBulkEditObjectsApplyToAllPermissionBoundary:
     def test_apply_to_all_tags_excludes_unpermitted_tag(self, rest_api_client):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="tags_owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="tags_requester")
-        new_owner = User.objects.create_user(username="tags_new_owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="tags_owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="tags_requester")
+        new_owner = UserFactory(username="tags_new_owner")
         # grant the global change_tag permission so the object-level
         # filtering (not the global has_perm check) is what's under test
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_tag"),
-        )
+        grant_global(requester, "change_tag")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         visible = TagFactory(owner=requester)
         hidden = TagFactory(owner=owner)
@@ -771,16 +755,14 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectsApplyToAllPermissionBoundary:
         request rather than being silently skipped. Editing permissions is
         limited to the owner, same as documents.
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="shared_tags_owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="shared_tags_requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_tag"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="shared_tags_owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="shared_tags_requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "change_tag")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
         owned = TagFactory(owner=requester)
         shared = TagFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", requester, shared)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", requester, shared)
+        grant_object(requester, shared, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(requester, shared, "change_tag")
 
         response = rest_api_client.post(
             "/api/bulk_edit_objects/",
@@ -831,14 +813,12 @@ class TestBulkEditObjectsTagDescendantPartialPermission:
         would pass/fail based on FK cascade behavior, not on whether the
         descendant-expansion logic itself respected per-object permissions.
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="tag_hierarchy_owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="tag_hierarchy_requester")
-        new_owner = User.objects.create_user(username="tag_hierarchy_new_owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="tag_hierarchy_owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="tag_hierarchy_requester")
+        new_owner = UserFactory(username="tag_hierarchy_new_owner")
         # global change_tag permission so the has_perm() gate passes and the
         # object-level permitted_object_ids filtering is what's under test
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="change_tag"),
-        )
+        grant_global(requester, "change_tag")
         rest_api_client.force_authenticate(user=requester)
 
         parent = TagFactory(owner=requester, name="parent-tag")
@@ -890,7 +870,7 @@ class TestRestrictQuerysetToVisible:
             - The queryset is returned unfiltered, rather than
               permitted_object_ids(None, ...)'s narrower "unowned rows only"
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="vis_none_owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="vis_none_owner")
         tag = TagFactory(owner=owner)
 
         visible = restrict_queryset_to_visible(Tag.objects.all(), None, "view_tag")
@@ -907,8 +887,8 @@ class TestRestrictQuerysetToVisible:
             - The queryset is returned unfiltered, skipping the permission
               lookup entirely
         """
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username="vis_active_super")
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="vis_active_super_owner")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="vis_active_super", superuser=True)
+        owner = UserFactory(username="vis_active_super_owner")
         tag = TagFactory(owner=owner)
 
         visible = restrict_queryset_to_visible(
@@ -930,7 +910,7 @@ class TestRestrictQuerysetToVisible:
               deactivation has to win over the superuser shortcut, matching
               permitted_object_ids's own ordering
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
+        user = UserFactory(
             username="vis_inactive_super",
             is_active=False,
             is_superuser=True,
@@ -951,8 +931,8 @@ class TestRestrictQuerysetToVisible:
         THEN:
             - Only the rows permitted_object_ids() reports are visible
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="vis_regular")
-        other = User.objects.create_user(username="vis_regular_other")
+        user = UserFactory(username="vis_regular")
+        other = UserFactory(username="vis_regular_other")
         own = TagFactory(owner=user)
         hidden = TagFactory(owner=other)
 

src/documents/tests/test_permitted_objects_filter.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import pytest
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework.test import APIRequestFactory
 
 from documents.filters import PermittedObjectsFilter
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class _DummyView:
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ class _DummyView:
 @pytest.mark.django_db
 class TestPermittedObjectsFilter:
     def test_superuser_bypasses_filtering_entirely(self):
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username="root")
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="root", superuser=True)
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
         TagFactory(owner=owner)
         request = APIRequestFactory().get("/")
         request.user = superuser
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ class TestPermittedObjectsFilter:
         assert result.count() == Tag.objects.count()
 
     def test_non_superuser_sees_only_owned_unowned_and_granted(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        grantee = User.objects.create_user(username="grantee")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        grantee = UserFactory(username="grantee")
         owned = TagFactory(owner=grantee)
         unowned = TagFactory(owner=None)
         granted = TagFactory(owner=owner)
         hidden = TagFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", grantee, granted)
+        grant_object(grantee, granted, "view_tag")
         request = APIRequestFactory().get("/")
         request.user = grantee
 
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ class TestPermittedObjectsFilter:
         assert hidden.pk not in visible_ids
 
     def test_include_granted_false_excludes_explicitly_shared_objects(self):
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner2")
-        grantee = User.objects.create_user(username="grantee2")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner2")
+        grantee = UserFactory(username="grantee2")
         owned = TagFactory(owner=grantee)
         granted = TagFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", grantee, granted)
+        grant_object(grantee, granted, "view_tag")
         request = APIRequestFactory().get("/")
         request.user = grantee
 
@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ class TestPermittedObjectsFilter:
         [("inactive", False), ("inactive_super", True)],
     )
     def test_inactive_user_sees_nothing(self, username: str, *, is_superuser: bool):
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
+        user = UserFactory(
             username=username,
             is_active=False,
             is_superuser=is_superuser,
         )
         TagFactory(owner=None)
         TagFactory(owner=user)
-        granted = TagFactory(owner=User.objects.create_user(username=f"o_{username}"))
-        assign_perm("view_tag", user, granted)
+        granted = TagFactory(owner=UserFactory(username=f"o_{username}"))
+        grant_object(user, granted, "view_tag")
         request = APIRequestFactory().get("/")
         request.user = user
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class TestPermittedObjectsFilter:
         assert result.count() == 0
 
     def test_inactive_user_sees_nothing_with_include_granted_false(self):
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="inactive_owner", is_active=False)
+        user = UserFactory(username="inactive_owner", is_active=False)
         TagFactory(owner=user)
         TagFactory(owner=None)
         request = APIRequestFactory().get("/")

src/documents/tests/test_sanity_check.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Iterable
 
     from documents.models import Document
-    from documents.tests.conftest import PaperlessDirs
+    from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
 
 
 class TestSanityCheckMessages:
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ class TestSanityCheckMessages:
 class TestCheckSanityNoDocuments:
     """Sanity checks against an empty archive."""
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("paperless_dirs")
     def test_no_documents(self) -> None:
         messages = check_sanity()
         assert not messages.has_error
         assert not messages.has_warning
         assert messages.total_issue_count == 0
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("paperless_dirs")
     def test_no_issues_logs_clean(self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
         messages = check_sanity()
         with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO, logger="paperless.sanity_checker"):
@@ -214,18 +214,17 @@ class TestCheckSanityOrphans:
         sample_doc: Document,
         paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
     ) -> None:
-        (paperless_dirs.originals / "orphan.pdf").touch()
+        (paperless_dirs.originals_dir / "orphan.pdf").touch()
         messages = check_sanity()
         assert messages.has_warning
         assert any("Orphaned file" in m["message"] for m in messages[None])
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
     def test_ignorable_files_not_flagged(
         self,
         paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
     ) -> None:
-        (paperless_dirs.media / ".DS_Store").touch()
-        (paperless_dirs.media / "desktop.ini").touch()
+        (paperless_dirs.media_dir / ".DS_Store").touch()
+        (paperless_dirs.media_dir / "desktop.ini").touch()
         messages = check_sanity()
         assert not messages.has_warning
 
@@ -269,13 +268,13 @@ class TestCheckSanityLogMessages:
         paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs,
         caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
     ) -> None:
-        (paperless_dirs.originals / "orphan.pdf").touch()
+        (paperless_dirs.originals_dir / "orphan.pdf").touch()
         messages = check_sanity()
         with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="paperless.sanity_checker"):
             messages.log_messages()
         assert "Orphaned file" in caplog.text
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_media_settings")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("paperless_dirs")
     def test_logs_unknown_doc_pk(self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
         """A doc PK not in the DB logs 'Unknown' as the title."""
         messages = check_sanity()

src/documents/tests/test_share_link_bundles.py

@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.utils import timezone
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import serializers
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
@@ -20,8 +18,11 @@ from documents.models import ShareLinkBundle
 from documents.serialisers import ShareLinkBundleSerializer
 from documents.tasks import build_share_link_bundle
 from documents.tasks import cleanup_expired_share_link_bundles
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class ShareLinkBundleAPITests(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class ShareLinkBundleAPITests(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="bundle_admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="bundle_admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(self.user)
         self.document = DocumentFactory.create()
 
@@ -55,13 +56,11 @@ class ShareLinkBundleAPITests(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self,
         delay_mock,
     ) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="document_owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="bundle_creator")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="add_sharelinkbundle"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="document_owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="bundle_creator")
+        grant_global(requester, "add_sharelinkbundle")
         document = DocumentFactory.create(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("view_document", requester, document)
+        grant_object(requester, document, "view_document")
         self.client.force_authenticate(requester)
         payload = {
             "document_ids": [document.pk],
@@ -72,9 +71,7 @@ class ShareLinkBundleAPITests(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         response = self.client.post(self.ENDPOINT, payload, format="json")
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(requester, "view_document")
         requester = User.objects.get(pk=requester.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(requester)
         response = self.client.post(self.ENDPOINT, payload, format="json")

src/documents/tests/test_tag_hierarchy.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
@@ -13,16 +11,16 @@ from documents.models import WorkflowAction
 from documents.models import WorkflowTrigger
 from documents.serialisers import TagSerializer
 from documents.signals.handlers import run_workflows
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 class TestTagHierarchyPermissions(APITestCase):
     def test_children_only_include_visible_tags(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_tag"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "view_tag")
         parent = Tag.objects.create(name="Visible parent", owner=requester)
         hidden_child = Tag.objects.create(
             name="Hidden child",
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ class TestTagHierarchyPermissions(APITestCase):
 class TestTagHierarchy(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="admin")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="admin", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
         self.parent = Tag.objects.create(name="Parent")

src/documents/tests/test_task_signals.py

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ from documents.signals.handlers import task_failure_handler
 from documents.signals.handlers import task_postrun_handler
 from documents.signals.handlers import task_prerun_handler
 from documents.signals.handlers import task_revoked_handler
-from documents.tests.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ def consume_input_doc():
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def consume_overrides(django_user_model):
-    user = django_user_model.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
+def consume_overrides():
+    user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
     overrides = mock.MagicMock(spec=DocumentMetadataOverrides)
     overrides.owner_id = user.id
     return overrides

src/documents/tests/test_tasks.py

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ from documents.models import WorkflowAction
 from documents.sanity_checker import SanityCheckFailedException
 from documents.sanity_checker import SanityCheckMessages
 from documents.tests.test_classifier import dummy_preprocess
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 @pytest.mark.django_db

src/documents/tests/test_version_conditionals.py

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ from documents.conditionals import preview_etag
 from documents.conditionals import thumbnail_etag
 from documents.conditionals import thumbnail_last_modified
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.versioning import resolve_effective_document_by_pk
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from rest_framework.request import Request

src/documents/tests/test_views.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext
 from django.utils import timezone
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 
 from documents.caching import get_llm_suggestion_cache
@@ -29,11 +28,14 @@ from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
 from documents.models import UiSettings
 from documents.signals.handlers import update_llm_suggestions_cache
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import read_streaming_response
 from paperless.models import ApplicationConfiguration
 from paperless_ai.exceptions import LLMProviderError
 from paperless_ai.exceptions import LLMTimeoutError
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestViews(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ class TestViews(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         ApplicationConfiguration.objects.get_or_create()
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user("testuser")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         super().setUp()
 
     def test_login_redirect(self) -> None:
@@ -141,9 +143,7 @@ class TestViews(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
             codename__contains="sharelink",
         )
         self.user.user_permissions.add(*sharelink_permissions)
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(self.user, "view_document")
         self.user.save()
 
         self.client.force_login(self.user)
@@ -205,9 +205,7 @@ class TestViews(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
             codename__contains="sharelink",
         )
         self.user.user_permissions.add(*sharelink_permissions)
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(self.user, "view_document")
         self.client.force_login(self.user)
 
         create_response = self.client.post(
@@ -240,16 +238,16 @@ class TestViews(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         group2 = Group.objects.create(name="group2")
         group3 = Group.objects.create(name="group3")
         t1 = Tag.objects.create(name="invoice", pk=1)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", self.user, t1)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", user2, t1)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", user3, t1)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", group1, t1)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", group2, t1)
-        assign_perm("view_tag", group3, t1)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", self.user, t1)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", user2, t1)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", group1, t1)
-        assign_perm("change_tag", group2, t1)
+        grant_object(self.user, t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(user2, t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(user3, t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(group1, t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(group2, t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(group3, t1, "view_tag")
+        grant_object(self.user, t1, "change_tag")
+        grant_object(user2, t1, "change_tag")
+        grant_object(group1, t1, "change_tag")
+        grant_object(group2, t1, "change_tag")
 
         Tag.objects.create(name="bank statement", pk=2)
         d1 = Document.objects.create(
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ class TestViews(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
 
 class TestAISuggestions(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="testuser")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="testuser", superuser=True)
         self.document = Document.objects.create(
             title="Test Document",
             filename="test.pdf",
@@ -425,14 +423,10 @@ class TestAISuggestions(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
               requester; the invisible tag id does not leak into either the
               matched or suggested tags
         """
-        tag_owner = User.objects.create_user(username="cache_tag_owner")
+        tag_owner = UserFactory(username="cache_tag_owner")
         invisible_tag = Tag.objects.create(name="cache_restricted", owner=tag_owner)
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="cache_requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["view_document", "change_document", "view_tag"],
-            ),
-        )
+        requester = UserFactory(username="cache_requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "view_document", "change_document", "view_tag")
         mock_get_cache.return_value = MagicMock(
             suggestions={
                 "title": "Untitled",
@@ -637,7 +631,7 @@ class TestAISuggestions(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
             - The classification runs with the second user's visibility
               context without evicting the first user's result
         """
-        second_user = User.objects.create_superuser(username="second_user")
+        second_user = UserFactory(username="second_user", superuser=True)
         empty_choices = {
             "tags": {"existing_ids": [], "new_names": []},
             "correspondents": {"existing_ids": [], "new_names": []},
@@ -875,14 +869,10 @@ class TestAISuggestions(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
               permission filtering survives the full request path
             - it does not appear in either the matched or suggested tags
         """
-        tag_owner = User.objects.create_user(username="tagowner")
+        tag_owner = UserFactory(username="tagowner")
         invisible_tag = Tag.objects.create(name="restricted", owner=tag_owner)
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="requester")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["view_document", "change_document", "view_tag"],
-            ),
-        )
+        requester = UserFactory(username="requester")
+        grant_global(requester, "view_document", "change_document", "view_tag")
 
         mock_get_ai_classification.return_value = {
             "title": "Untitled",
@@ -956,7 +946,7 @@ class TestAIChatStreamingView(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
     ENDPOINT = "/api/documents/chat/"
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser", password="pass")
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="testuser", password="pass")
         self.client.force_login(user=self.user)
         self.document = Document.objects.create(
             title="Test Document",
@@ -966,9 +956,7 @@ class TestAIChatStreamingView(DirectoriesMixin, TestCase):
         super().setUp()
 
     def grant_view_document_permission(self) -> None:
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(codename="view_document"),
-        )
+        grant_global(self.user, "view_document")
 
     @override_settings(AI_ENABLED=False)
     def test_post_ai_disabled(self) -> None:

src/documents/tests/test_workflows.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core import mail
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_groups_with_perms
 from guardian.shortcuts import get_users_with_perms
 from httpx import ConnectError
@@ -64,13 +63,15 @@ from documents.models import WorkflowTrigger
 from documents.plugins.base import StopConsumeTaskError
 from documents.serialisers import WorkflowTriggerSerializer
 from documents.signals import document_consumption_finished
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import DummyProgressManager
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import SampleDirMixin
 from documents.workflows.actions import execute_password_removal_action
 from paperless_mail.models import MailAccount
 from paperless_mail.models import MailRule
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestWorkflows(
@@ -1952,7 +1953,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
             original_filename="sample.pdf",
         )
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -1982,7 +1983,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
         w.actions.add(action)
         w.save()
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
         test_file = shutil.copy(
             self.SAMPLE_DIR / "simple.pdf",
@@ -2040,7 +2041,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
             value_text="existing value",
         )
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -2084,7 +2085,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
         )
         CustomFieldInstance.objects.create(document=doc, field=self.cf1)
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -2129,12 +2130,12 @@ class TestWorkflows(
             original_filename="sample.pdf",
         )
 
-        assign_perm("documents.view_document", self.user2, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.change_document", self.user2, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.view_document", self.group1, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.change_document", self.group1, doc)
+        grant_object(self.user2, doc, "documents.view_document")
+        grant_object(self.user2, doc, "documents.change_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, doc, "documents.view_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, doc, "documents.change_document")
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -2900,12 +2901,12 @@ class TestWorkflows(
         doc.tags.set([self.t1, self.t2])
         CustomFieldInstance.objects.create(document=doc, field=self.cf1)
         doc.save()
-        assign_perm("documents.view_document", self.user3, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.change_document", self.user3, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.view_document", self.group1, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.change_document", self.group1, doc)
+        grant_object(self.user3, doc, "documents.view_document")
+        grant_object(self.user3, doc, "documents.change_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, doc, "documents.view_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, doc, "documents.change_document")
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -2977,7 +2978,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
         doc.refresh_from_db()
         doc.tags.set([self.t1, self.t2])
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
         self.client.patch(
             f"/api/documents/{doc.id}/",
@@ -3041,7 +3042,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
         doc.refresh_from_db()
         doc.tags.set([self.t1])
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
         self.client.patch(
             f"/api/documents/{doc.id}/",
@@ -3097,12 +3098,12 @@ class TestWorkflows(
         doc.tags.set([self.t1, self.t2])
         CustomFieldInstance.objects.create(document=doc, field=self.cf1)
         doc.save()
-        assign_perm("documents.view_document", self.user3, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.change_document", self.user3, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.view_document", self.group1, doc)
-        assign_perm("documents.change_document", self.group1, doc)
+        grant_object(self.user3, doc, "documents.view_document")
+        grant_object(self.user3, doc, "documents.change_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, doc, "documents.view_document")
+        grant_object(self.group1, doc, "documents.change_document")
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -3395,7 +3396,7 @@ class TestWorkflows(
             original_filename="sample.pdf",
         )
 
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         self.client.patch(
@@ -5357,7 +5358,7 @@ class TestDateWorkflowLocalization(
         c = Correspondent.objects.create(name="Correspondent Name")
 
         client = APIClient()
-        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("superuser")
+        superuser = UserFactory(username="superuser", superuser=True)
         client.force_authenticate(user=superuser)
 
         trigger = WorkflowTrigger.objects.create(

src/documents/tests/utils.py

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
-import shutil
-import tempfile
 import time
 import warnings
-from collections import namedtuple
 from collections.abc import Callable
 from collections.abc import Generator
 from collections.abc import Iterator
@@ -19,7 +16,6 @@ from django.db import connection
 from django.db.migrations.executor import MigrationExecutor
 from django.http import StreamingHttpResponse
 from django.test import TransactionTestCase
-from django.test import override_settings
 
 from documents.consumer import AsnCheckPlugin
 from documents.consumer import ConsumerPlugin
@@ -31,65 +27,6 @@ from documents.parsers import ParseError
 from documents.plugins.helpers import ProgressStatusOptions
 
 
-def setup_directories():
-    dirs = namedtuple("Dirs", ())
-
-    dirs.data_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp()).resolve()
-    dirs.scratch_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp()).resolve()
-    dirs.media_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp()).resolve()
-    dirs.consumption_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp()).resolve()
-    dirs.static_dir = Path(tempfile.mkdtemp()).resolve()
-    dirs.index_dir = dirs.data_dir / "index"
-    dirs.originals_dir = dirs.media_dir / "documents" / "originals"
-    dirs.thumbnail_dir = dirs.media_dir / "documents" / "thumbnails"
-    dirs.archive_dir = dirs.media_dir / "documents" / "archive"
-    dirs.logging_dir = dirs.data_dir / "log"
-
-    dirs.index_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    dirs.originals_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    dirs.thumbnail_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    dirs.archive_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    dirs.logging_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    dirs.settings_override = override_settings(
-        DATA_DIR=dirs.data_dir,
-        SCRATCH_DIR=dirs.scratch_dir,
-        MEDIA_ROOT=dirs.media_dir,
-        ORIGINALS_DIR=dirs.originals_dir,
-        THUMBNAIL_DIR=dirs.thumbnail_dir,
-        ARCHIVE_DIR=dirs.archive_dir,
-        CONSUMPTION_DIR=dirs.consumption_dir,
-        LOGGING_DIR=dirs.logging_dir,
-        INDEX_DIR=dirs.index_dir,
-        STATIC_ROOT=dirs.static_dir,
-        MODEL_FILE=dirs.data_dir / "classification_model.pickle",
-        MEDIA_LOCK=dirs.media_dir / "media.lock",
-    )
-    dirs.settings_override.enable()
-
-    return dirs
-
-
-def remove_dirs(dirs) -> None:
-    shutil.rmtree(dirs.media_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    shutil.rmtree(dirs.data_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    shutil.rmtree(dirs.scratch_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    shutil.rmtree(dirs.consumption_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    shutil.rmtree(dirs.static_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-    dirs.settings_override.disable()
-
-
-@contextmanager
-def paperless_environment():
-    dirs = None
-    try:
-        dirs = setup_directories()
-        yield dirs
-    finally:
-        if dirs:
-            remove_dirs(dirs)
-
-
 def util_call_with_backoff(
     method_or_callable: Callable,
     args: list | tuple,
@@ -158,27 +95,6 @@ def read_streaming_response(response: StreamingHttpResponse) -> bytes:
     return content
 
 
-class DirectoriesMixin:
-    """
-    Creates and overrides settings for all folders and paths, then ensures
-    they are cleaned up on exit
-    """
-
-    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        from documents.search import reset_backend
-
-        reset_backend()
-        self.dirs = setup_directories()
-        super().setUp()
-
-    def tearDown(self) -> None:
-        from documents.search import reset_backend
-
-        super().tearDown()
-        reset_backend()
-        remove_dirs(self.dirs)
-
-
 class FileSystemAssertsMixin:
     """
     Utilities for checks various state information of the file system
@@ -196,20 +112,6 @@ class FileSystemAssertsMixin:
     def assertIsNotDir(self, path: PathLike[str] | str) -> None:
         self.assertFalse(Path(path).resolve().is_dir(), f"Dir does exist: {path}")
 
-    def assertFilesEqual(
-        self,
-        path1: PathLike[str] | str,
-        path2: PathLike[str] | str,
-    ) -> None:
-        path1 = Path(path1)
-        path2 = Path(path2)
-        import hashlib
-
-        hash1 = hashlib.sha256(path1.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
-        hash2 = hashlib.sha256(path2.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
-
-        self.assertEqual(hash1, hash2, "File SHA256 mismatch")
-
     def assertFileCountInDir(self, path: PathLike[str] | str, count: int) -> None:
         path = Path(path).resolve()
         self.assertTrue(path.is_dir(), f"Path {path} is not a directory")
@@ -221,24 +123,6 @@ class FileSystemAssertsMixin:
         )
 
 
-class ConsumerProgressMixin:
-    """
-    Mocks the Consumer _send_progress, preventing attempts to connect to Redis
-    and allowing access to its calls for verification
-    """
-
-    def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.send_progress_patcher = mock.patch(
-            "documents.consumer.Consumer._send_progress",
-        )
-        self.send_progress_mock = self.send_progress_patcher.start()
-        super().setUp()
-
-    def tearDown(self) -> None:
-        super().tearDown()
-        self.send_progress_patcher.stop()
-
-
 class ConsumeTaskMixin:
     """
     Provides mocking of the consume_file asynchronous task and useful utilities
@@ -275,6 +159,16 @@ class ConsumeTaskMixin:
 
 
 class TestMigrations(TransactionTestCase):
+    """Run a migration on seeded data, then let the tests inspect the result.
+
+    By default every test migrates back, seeds, migrates forward and returns to
+    the latest migration, which costs several seconds. A class whose tests only
+    read the migrated data can set ``migrate_once`` to pay that once per class:
+    the migration runs for the first test, the database is left alone between
+    tests, and it is restored and flushed when the class finishes. Such tests
+    must not write to the database.
+    """
+
     @property
     def app(self):
         return apps.get_containing_app_config(type(self).__module__).name
@@ -282,11 +176,38 @@ class TestMigrations(TransactionTestCase):
     migrate_from = None
     dependencies = None
     migrate_to = None
-    auto_migrate = True
+    migrate_once = False
+
+    _once_owner: "TestMigrations | None" = None
+    _once_state: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    _once_finishing = False
 
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
+        cls = type(self)
+        if self.migrate_once:
+            if cls._once_state is not None:
+                vars(self).update(cls._once_state)
+                return
+            if cls._once_owner is not None:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"The migration in '{cls.__name__}' failed for an earlier test",
+                )
+            # Recorded before migrating so a failed migration is still restored
+            cls._once_owner = self
+            before = dict(vars(self))
+
+        self._migrate()
+
+        if self.migrate_once:
+            cls._once_state = {
+                name: value
+                for name, value in vars(self).items()
+                if name not in before or before[name] is not value
+            }
+
+    def _migrate(self) -> None:
         assert self.migrate_from and self.migrate_to, (
             f"TestCase '{type(self).__name__}' must define migrate_from and migrate_to properties"
         )
@@ -304,10 +225,6 @@ class TestMigrations(TransactionTestCase):
 
         self.apps = old_apps
 
-        if self.auto_migrate:
-            self.performMigration()
-
-    def performMigration(self) -> None:
         # Run the migration to test
         executor = MigrationExecutor(connection)
         executor.loader.build_graph()  # reload.
@@ -318,19 +235,45 @@ class TestMigrations(TransactionTestCase):
     def setUpBeforeMigration(self, apps) -> None:
         pass
 
+    def _migrate_to_latest(self) -> None:
+        executor = MigrationExecutor(connection)
+        executor.loader.build_graph()
+        targets = executor.loader.graph.leaf_nodes()
+        executor.migrate(targets)
+
     def tearDown(self) -> None:
         """
         Ensure the database schema is restored to the latest migration after
         each migration test, so subsequent tests run against HEAD.
         """
+        if self.migrate_once and not self._once_finishing:
+            return
         try:
-            executor = MigrationExecutor(connection)
-            executor.loader.build_graph()
-            targets = executor.loader.graph.leaf_nodes()
-            executor.migrate(targets)
+            self._migrate_to_latest()
         finally:
             super().tearDown()
 
+    def _fixture_teardown(self) -> None:
+        # Django flushes every table after each test, which would discard the
+        # data the remaining tests of a migrate_once class still need
+        if self.migrate_once and not self._once_finishing:
+            return
+        super()._fixture_teardown()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
+        owner = cls._once_owner
+        try:
+            if owner is not None:
+                cls._once_finishing = True
+                owner.tearDown()
+                owner._fixture_teardown()
+        finally:
+            cls._once_owner = None
+            cls._once_state = None
+            cls._once_finishing = False
+            super().tearDownClass()
+
 
 class SampleDirMixin:
     SAMPLE_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "samples"

src/paperless/parsers/tesseract.py

@@ -394,7 +394,11 @@ class RasterisedDocumentParser:
 
         plain_pdf_path = Path(self.tempdir) / "image_plain.pdf"
         try:
-            convert_kwargs: dict = {}
+            convert_kwargs: dict = {
+                # Ignore invalid EXIF orientation values (e.g. 0) instead of
+                # aborting the conversion; valid values are still applied
+                "rotation": img2pdf.Rotation.ifvalid,
+            }
             if self.settings.image_dpi is not None:
                 convert_kwargs["layout_fun"] = img2pdf.get_fixed_dpi_layout_fun(
                     (self.settings.image_dpi, self.settings.image_dpi),

src/paperless/tests/parsers/test_convert_image_to_pdfa.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import img2pdf
 import magic
 import pikepdf
 import pytest
+from PIL import Image
 
 from documents.parsers import ParseError
 
@@ -139,3 +140,24 @@ class TestConvertImageToPdfa:
         tesseract_parser._convert_image_to_pdfa(simple_png_file)
 
         spy.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_invalid_exif_orientation_is_ignored(
+        self,
+        tesseract_parser: RasterisedDocumentParser,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        GIVEN: a JPEG with an invalid EXIF orientation value (0)
+        WHEN: _convert_image_to_pdfa is called
+        THEN: the invalid value is ignored and a valid PDF is produced
+        """
+        image_path = tmp_path / "invalid_orientation.jpg"
+        with Image.new("RGB", (120, 80), "white") as image:
+            exif = image.getexif()
+            exif[274] = 0  # EXIF tag 274: Orientation
+            image.save(image_path, exif=exif)
+
+        result = tesseract_parser._convert_image_to_pdfa(image_path)
+
+        assert result.exists()
+        assert magic.from_file(str(result), mime=True) == "application/pdf"

src/paperless/tests/parsers/test_tesseract_custom_settings.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import json
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
 
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from paperless.models import ApplicationConfiguration
 from paperless.models import CleanChoices
@@ -11,6 +10,7 @@ from paperless.models import ColorConvertChoices
 from paperless.models import ModeChoices
 from paperless.models import OutputTypeChoices
 from paperless.parsers.tesseract import RasterisedDocumentParser
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
 
 
 class TestParserSettingsFromDb(DirectoriesMixin, FileSystemAssertsMixin, TestCase):

src/paperless/tests/settings/test_remote_user.py

@@ -2,22 +2,20 @@ import os
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.conf import settings
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import override_settings
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from paperless.settings import _parse_remote_user_settings
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestRemoteUser(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(
-            username="temp_admin",
-        )
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin", superuser=True)
 
     def test_remote_user(self) -> None:
         """

src/paperless/tests/test_adapter.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
 from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token
 
 from paperless.adapter import DrfTokenStrategy
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 @pytest.mark.django_db
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class TestCustomAccountAdapter:
         # With no accounts, signups should be allowed
         assert adapter.is_open_for_signup(None)
 
-        User.objects.create_user("testuser")
+        UserFactory(username="testuser")
 
         settings.ACCOUNT_ALLOW_SIGNUPS = True
         assert adapter.is_open_for_signup(None)
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class TestCustomAccountAdapter:
     ) -> None:
         settings.ACCOUNT_DEFAULT_GROUPS = ["group1", "group2"]
         Group.objects.create(name="group1")
-        user = User.objects.create_user("testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         adapter = get_adapter()
         form = mocker.MagicMock(
             cleaned_data={
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class TestCustomSocialAccountAdapter:
         settings.SOCIAL_ACCOUNT_DEFAULT_GROUPS = ["group1", "group2"]
         Group.objects.create(name="group1")
         adapter = get_social_adapter()
-        user = User.objects.create_user("testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         sociallogin = mocker.MagicMock(user=user)
 
         user = adapter.save_user(HttpRequest(), sociallogin, None)
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ class TestDrfTokenStrategy:
         THEN:
             - A new token is created and its key is returned
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user("testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         request = HttpRequest()
         request.user = user
 
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ class TestDrfTokenStrategy:
         THEN:
             - The same token key is returned (no new token created)
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user("testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         existing_token = Token.objects.create(user=user)
 
         request = HttpRequest()

src/paperless/tests/test_api_auth.py

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import uuid
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.urls import resolve
 from django.urls import reverse
 from rest_framework import status
 
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+
 
 class TestApiAuthViews(TestCase):
     def test_api_auth_login_uses_allauth_login_view(self):
@@ -24,10 +25,7 @@ class TestApiAuthViews(TestCase):
     @override_settings(DISABLE_REGULAR_LOGIN=True)
     def test_api_auth_login_respects_disable_regular_login(self):
         username = f"testuser-{uuid.uuid4().hex}"
-        User.objects.create_user(
-            username=username,
-            password="testpassword",
-        )
+        UserFactory(username=username, password="testpassword")
 
         response = self.client.post(
             reverse("rest_framework:login"),

src/paperless/tests/test_auth_middleware.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import RequestFactory
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
 
 from paperless.auth import AutoLoginMiddleware
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 @override_settings(AUTO_LOGIN_USERNAME="autologin")
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class TestAutoLoginMiddleware(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - That user is attached to the request
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="autologin")
+        user = UserFactory(username="autologin")
 
         request = self._process(self.factory.get("/"))
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class TestAutoLoginMiddleware(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - The request is left anonymous rather than authenticated as them
         """
-        User.objects.create_user(username="autologin", is_active=False)
+        UserFactory(username="autologin", is_active=False)
 
         request = self.factory.get("/")
         request.user = AnonymousUser()

src/paperless/tests/test_checks.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import os
 from collections.abc import Callable
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest import mock
 
@@ -19,35 +18,7 @@ from paperless.checks import check_v3_minimum_upgrade_version
 from paperless.checks import debug_mode_check
 from paperless.checks import paths_check
 from paperless.checks import settings_values_check
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
-class PaperlessTestDirs:
-    data_dir: Path
-    media_dir: Path
-    consumption_dir: Path
-
-
-# TODO: consolidate with documents/tests/conftest.py PaperlessDirs/paperless_dirs
-#       once the paperless and documents test suites are ready to share fixtures.
-@pytest.fixture()
-def directories(tmp_path: Path, settings: Settings) -> PaperlessTestDirs:
-    data_dir = tmp_path / "data"
-    media_dir = tmp_path / "media"
-    consumption_dir = tmp_path / "consumption"
-
-    for d in (data_dir, media_dir, consumption_dir):
-        d.mkdir()
-
-    settings.DATA_DIR = data_dir
-    settings.MEDIA_ROOT = media_dir
-    settings.CONSUMPTION_DIR = consumption_dir
-
-    return PaperlessTestDirs(
-        data_dir=data_dir,
-        media_dir=media_dir,
-        consumption_dir=consumption_dir,
-    )
+from paperless_testing.dirs import PaperlessDirs
 
 
 class TestChecks:
@@ -58,7 +29,7 @@ class TestChecks:
         settings.CONVERT_BINARY = "uuuhh"
         assert len(binaries_check(None)) == 1
 
-    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("directories")
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("paperless_dirs")
     def test_paths_check(self) -> None:
         assert paths_check(None) == []
 
@@ -73,17 +44,17 @@ class TestChecks:
         for msg in msgs:
             assert msg.msg.endswith("is set but doesn't exist.")
 
-    def test_paths_check_no_access(self, directories: PaperlessTestDirs) -> None:
-        directories.data_dir.chmod(0o000)
-        directories.media_dir.chmod(0o000)
-        directories.consumption_dir.chmod(0o000)
+    def test_paths_check_no_access(self, paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs) -> None:
+        paperless_dirs.data_dir.chmod(0o000)
+        paperless_dirs.media_dir.chmod(0o000)
+        paperless_dirs.consumption_dir.chmod(0o000)
 
         try:
             msgs = paths_check(None)
         finally:
-            directories.data_dir.chmod(0o777)
-            directories.media_dir.chmod(0o777)
-            directories.consumption_dir.chmod(0o777)
+            paperless_dirs.data_dir.chmod(0o777)
+            paperless_dirs.media_dir.chmod(0o777)
+            paperless_dirs.consumption_dir.chmod(0o777)
 
         assert len(msgs) == 3
         for msg in msgs:

src/paperless/tests/test_migration_replace_skip_archive_file.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from documents.tests.utils import TestMigrations
 class TestMigrateSkipArchiveFile(TestMigrations):
     migrate_from = "0007_optimize_integer_field_sizes"
     migrate_to = "0008_replace_skip_archive_file"
+    migrate_once = True
 
     def setUpBeforeMigration(self, apps):
         ApplicationConfiguration = apps.get_model(

src/paperless/tests/test_signals.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.http import HttpRequest
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ from django.test import override_settings
 from documents.models import UiSettings
 from paperless.signals import handle_failed_login
 from paperless.signals import handle_social_account_updated
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestFailedLoginLogging(TestCase):
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
             - The user's groups are updated to match the social login's groups
         """
         group = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
             - The user's groups are not updated
         """
         Group.objects.create(name="group1")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
               would be rejected for a deactivated user anyway
         """
         Group.objects.create(name="admin-group")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
+        user = UserFactory(
             username="inactive_user",
             is_active=False,
             is_superuser=False,
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
             - The user's groups are cleared to match the social login's groups
         """
         group = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         user.groups.add(group)
         user.save()
         sociallogin = Mock(
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
             - The user's groups are updated using `userinfo.groups`
         """
         group = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
             - The user's groups are updated using `id_token.groups`
         """
         group = Group.objects.create(name="group1")
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -310,11 +310,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User is not promoted, since only an exact group match counts
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser",
-            is_superuser=False,
-            is_staff=False,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser", is_superuser=False, is_staff=False)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -345,11 +341,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User becomes superuser and staff
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_s_e",
-            is_superuser=False,
-            is_staff=False,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser_s_e", is_superuser=False, is_staff=False)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -380,11 +372,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User loses superuser status but preserves staff status if they had it
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_s_d",
-            is_superuser=True,
-            is_staff=True,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser_s_d", is_superuser=True, is_staff=True)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -415,11 +403,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User becomes staff
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_st_e",
-            is_superuser=False,
-            is_staff=False,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser_st_e", is_superuser=False, is_staff=False)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -450,11 +434,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User loses staff status
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_st_d",
-            is_superuser=False,
-            is_staff=True,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser_st_d", is_superuser=False, is_staff=True)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(
@@ -485,11 +465,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
             - Roles are correctly assigned/revoked according to groups
         """
         # Case 1: has both
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_b_1",
-            is_superuser=False,
-            is_staff=False,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser_b_1", is_superuser=False, is_staff=False)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(extra_data={"groups": ["admin-group", "staff-group"]}),
@@ -504,11 +480,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(user.is_staff)
 
         # Case 2: has only staff
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_b_2",
-            is_superuser=True,
-            is_staff=True,
-        )
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="testuser_b_2", is_superuser=True, is_staff=True)
         sociallogin2 = Mock(
             user=user2,
             account=Mock(extra_data={"groups": ["staff-group"]}),
@@ -523,11 +495,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(user2.is_staff)
 
         # Case 3: has neither
-        user3 = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_b_3",
-            is_superuser=True,
-            is_staff=True,
-        )
+        user3 = UserFactory(username="testuser_b_3", is_superuser=True, is_staff=True)
         sociallogin3 = Mock(
             user=user3,
             account=Mock(extra_data={"groups": ["other-group"]}),
@@ -554,11 +522,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - Existing roles are not modified
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser_n_s",
-            is_superuser=True,
-            is_staff=True,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser_n_s", is_superuser=True, is_staff=True)
         sociallogin = Mock(
             user=user,
             account=Mock(extra_data={"groups": ["admin-group", "staff-group"]}),
@@ -586,7 +550,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User's superuser status is demoted, matching the group claim exactly
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
+        user = UserFactory(
             username="local_admin",
             password="password123",
             is_superuser=True,
@@ -618,11 +582,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User's superuser status is demoted, even though they are the last admin
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="last_admin",
-            is_superuser=True,
-            is_staff=True,
-        )
+        user = UserFactory(username="last_admin", is_superuser=True, is_staff=True)
         user.set_unusable_password()
         user.save()
 
@@ -652,7 +612,7 @@ class TestSyncSocialLoginGroups(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - User's staff status is demoted, matching the group claim exactly
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(
+        user = UserFactory(
             username="local_staff",
             password="password123",
             is_superuser=False,
@@ -688,8 +648,8 @@ class TestUserGroupDeletionCleanup(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - References in ui_settings are cleaned up
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser2")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="testuser2")
         group = Group.objects.create(name="testgroup")
 
         ui_settings = UiSettings.objects.create(
@@ -727,8 +687,8 @@ class TestUserGroupDeletionCleanup(TestCase):
         THEN:
             - Error is logged and the system remains stable
         """
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser")
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="testuser2")
+        user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="testuser2")
         user2_id = user2.id
         Group.objects.create(name="testgroup")
 

src/paperless_ai/tests/test_ai_classifier.py

@@ -7,14 +7,10 @@ from unittest.mock import patch
 import pytest
 import pytest_mock
 from django.test import override_settings
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from guardian.shortcuts import remove_perm
 
 from documents.models import Document
 from documents.search import TantivyBackend
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import UserFactory
 from paperless.config import AIConfig
 from paperless_ai.ai_classifier import TAXONOMY_CANDIDATE_TOP_K
 from paperless_ai.ai_classifier import _fulltext_similar_documents
@@ -27,6 +23,10 @@ from paperless_ai.ai_classifier import get_taxonomy_context
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import SimilarDocument
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import TaxonomyCandidate
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import TaxonomyCandidates
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -815,8 +815,8 @@ class TestFulltextSimilarDocuments:
             content="shared content phrase",
             owner=owner,
         )
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, permitted)
-        assign_perm("view_document", viewer, now_private)
+        grant_object(viewer, permitted, "view_document")
+        grant_object(viewer, now_private, "view_document")
         fulltext_backend.add_or_update(source)
         fulltext_backend.add_or_update(permitted)
         fulltext_backend.add_or_update(now_private)

src/paperless_ai/tests/test_ai_indexing.py

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ from documents.models import Note
 from documents.models import PaperlessTask
 from documents.signals import document_consumption_finished
 from documents.signals import document_updated
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
 from paperless.models import ApplicationConfiguration
 from paperless_ai import indexing
 from paperless_ai.tests.conftest import FakeEmbedding
 from paperless_ai.vector_store import PaperlessSqliteVecVectorStore
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import PaperlessTaskFactory
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

src/paperless_ai/tests/test_chat.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from llama_index.core.embeddings.mock_embed_model import MockEmbedding
 from llama_index.core.schema import TextNode
 
 from documents.models import Document
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
 from paperless_ai import chat
 from paperless_ai import indexing
 from paperless_ai.chat import CHAT_ERROR_MESSAGE
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ from paperless_ai.chat import CHAT_METADATA_DELIMITER
 from paperless_ai.chat import _build_chat_prompt
 from paperless_ai.chat import _build_refine_prompt
 from paperless_ai.chat import stream_chat_with_documents
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pathlib import Path

src/paperless_ai/tests/test_matching.py

@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ from documents.models import Correspondent
 from documents.models import DocumentType
 from documents.models import StoragePath
 from documents.models import Tag
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import StoragePathFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import UserFactory
 from paperless_ai.matching import extract_unmatched_names
 from paperless_ai.matching import match_correspondents_by_name
 from paperless_ai.matching import match_document_types_by_name
@@ -24,6 +19,11 @@ from paperless_ai.matching import resolve_correspondent_ids
 from paperless_ai.matching import resolve_document_type_ids
 from paperless_ai.matching import resolve_storage_path_ids
 from paperless_ai.matching import resolve_tag_ids
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import StoragePathFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 class TestAIMatching(TestCase):

src/paperless_ai/tests/test_taxonomy.py

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ import json
 import pytest
 import pytest_mock
 
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import StoragePathFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import UserFactory
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import SimilarDocument
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import TaxonomyCandidates
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import build_taxonomy_candidates
 from paperless_ai.taxonomy import format_taxonomy_for_prompt
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import StoragePathFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
 
 
 def make_similar(document_id: int, weight: float) -> SimilarDocument:

src/paperless_mail/tests/test_api.py

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 import json
 from unittest import mock
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
-from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
-from documents.tests.factories import TagFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from paperless_mail.models import MailAccount
 from paperless_mail.models import MailRule
 from paperless_mail.models import ProcessedMail
@@ -18,6 +12,14 @@ from paperless_mail.tests.factories import MailAccountFactory
 from paperless_mail.tests.factories import MailRuleFactory
 from paperless_mail.tests.factories import ProcessedMailFactory
 from paperless_mail.tests.test_mail import BogusMailBox
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import DocumentTypeFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import TagFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_all_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_object
 
 
 class TestAPIMailAccounts(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
@@ -33,8 +35,8 @@ class TestAPIMailAccounts(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
 
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin")
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin")
+        grant_all_global(self.user)
         self.user.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ class TestAPIMailAccounts(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             imap_port=443,
             owner=None,
         )
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="no_perms")
+        user = UserFactory(username="no_perms")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -321,7 +323,7 @@ class TestAPIMailAccounts(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - API returns forbidden
         """
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="account_owner")
+        owner = UserFactory(username="account_owner")
         account = MailAccountFactory(
             username="admin",
             password="secret",
@@ -329,8 +331,8 @@ class TestAPIMailAccounts(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             imap_port=443,
             owner=owner,
         )
-        user = User.objects.create_user(username="object_perms_only")
-        assign_perm("change_mailaccount", user, account)
+        user = UserFactory(username="object_perms_only")
+        grant_object(user, account, "change_mailaccount")
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=user)
 
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -377,13 +379,13 @@ class TestAPIMailAccounts(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             - Only unowned, owned by user or granted accounts are provided
         """
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="temp_admin2")
 
         account1 = MailAccountFactory(name="Email1")
         account2 = MailAccountFactory(name="Email2", owner=self.user)
         _account3 = MailAccountFactory(name="Email3", owner=user2)
         account4 = MailAccountFactory(name="Email4", owner=user2)
-        assign_perm("view_mailaccount", self.user, account4)
+        grant_object(self.user, account4, "view_mailaccount")
 
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)
 
@@ -400,8 +402,8 @@ class TestAPIMailRules(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin")
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin")
+        grant_all_global(self.user)
         self.user.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
@@ -590,7 +592,7 @@ class TestAPIMailRules(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(returned_rule1.action, MailRule.MailAction.DELETE)
 
     def test_create_mail_rule_scopes_accounts(self) -> None:
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="mail-owner")
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="mail-owner")
         foreign_account = MailAccountFactory(name="ForeignEmail", owner=other_user)
 
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -633,9 +635,9 @@ class TestAPIMailRules(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def test_create_mail_rule_allowed_for_granted_account_change_permission(
         self,
     ) -> None:
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="mail-owner")
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="mail-owner")
         foreign_account = MailAccountFactory(name="ForeignEmail", owner=other_user)
-        assign_perm("change_mailaccount", self.user, foreign_account)
+        grant_object(self.user, foreign_account, "change_mailaccount")
 
         response = self.client.post(
             self.ENDPOINT,
@@ -658,7 +660,7 @@ class TestAPIMailRules(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
 
     def test_update_mail_rule_forbidden_for_unpermitted_account(self) -> None:
         own_account = MailAccountFactory()
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(username="mail-owner")
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="mail-owner")
         foreign_account = MailAccountFactory(owner=other_user)
         rule1 = MailRuleFactory(account=own_account)
 
@@ -681,13 +683,13 @@ class TestAPIMailRules(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             - Only unowned, owned by user or granted mail rules are provided
         """
 
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="temp_admin2")
         account1 = MailAccountFactory()
         rule1 = MailRuleFactory(account=account1, order=0)
         rule2 = MailRuleFactory(account=account1, order=1, owner=self.user)
         MailRuleFactory(account=account1, order=2, owner=user2)
         rule4 = MailRuleFactory(account=account1, order=3, owner=user2)
-        assign_perm("view_mailrule", self.user, rule4)
+        grant_object(self.user, rule4, "view_mailrule")
 
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)
 
@@ -737,8 +739,8 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
         super().setUp()
 
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin")
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="temp_admin")
+        grant_all_global(self.user)
         self.user.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
 
@@ -751,7 +753,7 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Only unowned, owned by user or granted processed mails are provided
         """
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="temp_admin2")
         rule = MailRuleFactory()
         pm1 = ProcessedMailFactory(rule=rule)
         pm2 = ProcessedMailFactory(
@@ -762,7 +764,7 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         ProcessedMailFactory(rule=rule, owner=user2)
         pm4 = ProcessedMailFactory(rule=rule, owner=user2)
-        assign_perm("view_processedmail", self.user, pm4)
+        grant_object(self.user, pm4, "view_processedmail")
 
         response = self.client.get(self.ENDPOINT)
 
@@ -802,7 +804,7 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - Only the specified processed mails are deleted, respecting ownership and permissions
         """
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="temp_admin2")
         rule = MailRuleFactory()
         # unowned, owned by self, and one with explicit object perm
         pm_unowned = ProcessedMailFactory(rule=rule)
@@ -813,7 +815,7 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
             owner=self.user,
         )
         pm_granted = ProcessedMailFactory(rule=rule, owner=user2)
-        assign_perm("delete_processedmail", self.user, pm_granted)
+        grant_object(self.user, pm_granted, "delete_processedmail")
         pm_forbidden = ProcessedMailFactory(rule=rule, owner=user2)
 
         # Success for allowed items
@@ -855,13 +857,11 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
 
     def test_bulk_delete_requires_global_delete_permission(self) -> None:
-        owner = User.objects.create_user(username="mail_owner")
-        requester = User.objects.create_user(username="mail_deleter")
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="add_processedmail"),
-        )
+        owner = UserFactory(username="mail_owner")
+        requester = UserFactory(username="mail_deleter")
+        grant_global(requester, "add_processedmail")
         mail = ProcessedMailFactory(owner=owner)
-        assign_perm("delete_processedmail", requester, mail)
+        grant_object(requester, mail, "delete_processedmail")
         self.client.force_authenticate(requester)
 
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -871,9 +871,7 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 
-        requester.user_permissions.add(
-            Permission.objects.get(codename="delete_processedmail"),
-        )
+        grant_global(requester, "delete_processedmail")
         requester = User.objects.get(pk=requester.pk)
         self.client.force_authenticate(requester)
         response = self.client.post(
@@ -893,7 +891,7 @@ class TestAPIProcessedMails(DirectoriesMixin, APITestCase):
         THEN:
             - The request is rejected and neither mail is deleted
         """
-        user2 = User.objects.create_user(username="temp_admin2")
+        user2 = UserFactory(username="temp_admin2")
         rule = MailRuleFactory()
         # Created first so it sorts ahead of the forbidden mail, i.e. the
         # permission check has to cover the whole batch before deleting rather

src/paperless_mail/tests/test_mail.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.db import DatabaseError
 from django.test import TestCase
@@ -28,8 +27,6 @@ from rest_framework.test import APITestCase
 
 from documents.models import Correspondent
 from documents.models import MatchingModel
-from documents.tests.factories import CorrespondentFactory
-from documents.tests.utils import DirectoriesMixin
 from documents.tests.utils import FileSystemAssertsMixin
 from paperless_mail import tasks
 from paperless_mail.mail import MailAccountHandler
@@ -43,6 +40,10 @@ from paperless_mail.models import MailRule
 from paperless_mail.models import ProcessedMail
 from paperless_mail.tests.factories import MailAccountFactory
 from paperless_mail.tests.factories import MailRuleFactory
+from paperless_testing.dirs import DirectoriesMixin
+from paperless_testing.factories import CorrespondentFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -2263,15 +2264,8 @@ class TestMailAccountTestView(APITestCase):
         self.mailMocker = MailMocker()
         self.mailMocker.setUp()
         self.addCleanup(self.mailMocker.doCleanups)
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="testuser",
-            password="testpassword",
-        )
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=["add_mailaccount", "change_mailaccount"],
-            ),
-        )
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="testuser", password="testpassword")
+        grant_global(self.user, "add_mailaccount", "change_mailaccount")
         self.user.save()
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
         self.url = "/api/mail_accounts/test/"
@@ -2409,10 +2403,7 @@ class TestMailAccountTestView(APITestCase):
             self.assertIn(expected_str, error_str)
 
     def test_mail_account_test_view_existing_forbidden_for_other_owner(self) -> None:
-        other_user = User.objects.create_user(
-            username="otheruser",
-            password="testpassword",
-        )
+        other_user = UserFactory(username="otheruser", password="testpassword")
         existing_account = MailAccount.objects.create(
             name="Owned account",
             imap_server="imap.example.com",
@@ -2535,9 +2526,10 @@ class TestMailAccountProcess(APITestCase):
         self.mailMocker = MailMocker()
         self.mailMocker.setUp()
         self.addCleanup(self.mailMocker.doCleanups)
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(
+        self.user = UserFactory(
             username="testuser",
             password="testpassword",
+            superuser=True,
         )
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
         self.account = MailAccount.objects.create(
@@ -2560,9 +2552,10 @@ class TestMailAccountProcess(APITestCase):
 
 class TestMailRuleAPI(APITestCase):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_superuser(
+        self.user = UserFactory(
             username="testuser",
             password="testpassword",
+            superuser=True,
         )
         self.client.force_authenticate(user=self.user)
         self.account = MailAccountFactory(owner=self.user)

src/paperless_mail/tests/test_mail_nfc.py

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
 
-from documents.tests.utils import remove_dirs
-from documents.tests.utils import setup_directories
 from paperless_mail.models import MailRule
 from paperless_mail.tests.factories import MailAccountFactory
 from paperless_mail.tests.test_mail import MessageBuilder
@@ -22,13 +20,6 @@ from paperless_mail.tests.test_mail import _AttachmentDef
 from paperless_mail.tests.test_mail import fake_magic_from_buffer
 
 
-@pytest.fixture()
-def directories(settings):
-    dirs = setup_directories()
-    yield dirs
-    remove_dirs(dirs)
-
-
 @pytest.fixture()
 def queue_consumption_tasks_mock():
     with mock.patch("paperless_mail.mail.queue_consumption_tasks") as m:
@@ -78,7 +69,7 @@ class TestMailNFCNormalization:
 
     def test_attachment_nfd_filename_normalized_to_nfc(
         self,
-        directories,
+        paperless_dirs,
         queue_consumption_tasks_mock,
         attachment_rule,
         mail_account_handler,
@@ -123,7 +114,7 @@ class TestMailNFCNormalization:
 
     def test_eml_subject_filename_nfc(
         self,
-        directories,
+        paperless_dirs,
         queue_consumption_tasks_mock,
         eml_rule,
         mail_account_handler,
@@ -156,7 +147,7 @@ class TestMailNFCNormalization:
 
     def test_already_nfc_attachment_filename_unchanged(
         self,
-        directories,
+        paperless_dirs,
         queue_consumption_tasks_mock,
         attachment_rule,
         mail_account_handler,

src/paperless_mail/tests/test_mail_oauth.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from datetime import timedelta
 from unittest import mock
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.test import override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone
@@ -14,6 +13,8 @@ from paperless_mail.mail import MailAccountHandler
 from paperless_mail.models import MailAccount
 from paperless_mail.oauth import PaperlessMailOAuth2Manager
 from paperless_mail.tests.factories import MailAccountFactory
+from paperless_testing.factories import UserFactory
+from paperless_testing.permissions import grant_global
 
 
 @override_settings(
@@ -27,14 +28,8 @@ class TestMailOAuth(
     TestCase,
 ):
     def setUp(self) -> None:
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user("testuser")
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(
-            *Permission.objects.filter(
-                codename__in=[
-                    "add_mailaccount",
-                ],
-            ),
-        )
+        self.user = UserFactory(username="testuser")
+        grant_global(self.user, "add_mailaccount")
         self.user.save()
         self.client.force_login(self.user)
         self.mail_account_handler = MailAccountHandler()

src/paperless_testing/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""Shared test support for every Paperless-ngx app.
+
+Fixtures live in ``src/conftest.py``; anything a test imports by name lives
+here. App-specific helpers stay in that app's ``tests`` package.
+"""

src/paperless_testing/dirs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""The Paperless-ngx temp directory layout, stated once.
+
+``build_paperless_dirs`` owns where things go and creates them.
+``dirs_settings`` owns the mapping onto Django setting names and is pure.
+Everything else in the test suite is a caller of these two.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TypedDict
+
+import pytest
+from django.test import override_settings
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class PaperlessDirs:
+    """Standard Paperless-ngx directory layout for tests."""
+
+    data_dir: Path
+    scratch_dir: Path
+    media_dir: Path
+    consumption_dir: Path
+    static_dir: Path
+    index_dir: Path
+    originals_dir: Path
+    thumbnail_dir: Path
+    archive_dir: Path
+    logging_dir: Path
+    model_file: Path
+    media_lock: Path
+
+
+class DirSettings(TypedDict):
+    """The Django settings the layout above maps onto."""
+
+    DATA_DIR: Path
+    SCRATCH_DIR: Path
+    MEDIA_ROOT: Path
+    ORIGINALS_DIR: Path
+    THUMBNAIL_DIR: Path
+    ARCHIVE_DIR: Path
+    CONSUMPTION_DIR: Path
+    LOGGING_DIR: Path
+    INDEX_DIR: Path
+    STATIC_ROOT: Path
+    MODEL_FILE: Path
+    MEDIA_LOCK: Path
+
+
+def build_paperless_dirs(root: Path) -> PaperlessDirs:
+    """Compute the layout under root and create the directories."""
+    data_dir = root / "data"
+    media_dir = root / "media"
+    documents_dir = media_dir / "documents"
+
+    dirs = PaperlessDirs(
+        data_dir=data_dir,
+        scratch_dir=root / "scratch",
+        media_dir=media_dir,
+        consumption_dir=root / "consume",
+        static_dir=root / "static",
+        index_dir=data_dir / "index",
+        originals_dir=documents_dir / "originals",
+        thumbnail_dir=documents_dir / "thumbnails",
+        archive_dir=documents_dir / "archive",
+        logging_dir=data_dir / "log",
+        model_file=data_dir / "classification_model.pickle",
+        media_lock=media_dir / "media.lock",
+    )
+
+    for directory in (
+        dirs.data_dir,
+        dirs.scratch_dir,
+        dirs.media_dir,
+        dirs.consumption_dir,
+        dirs.static_dir,
+        dirs.index_dir,
+        dirs.originals_dir,
+        dirs.thumbnail_dir,
+        dirs.archive_dir,
+        dirs.logging_dir,
+    ):
+        directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    return dirs
+
+
+def dirs_settings(dirs: PaperlessDirs) -> DirSettings:
+    """Map the layout onto Django setting names."""
+    return DirSettings(
+        DATA_DIR=dirs.data_dir,
+        SCRATCH_DIR=dirs.scratch_dir,
+        MEDIA_ROOT=dirs.media_dir,
+        ORIGINALS_DIR=dirs.originals_dir,
+        THUMBNAIL_DIR=dirs.thumbnail_dir,
+        ARCHIVE_DIR=dirs.archive_dir,
+        CONSUMPTION_DIR=dirs.consumption_dir,
+        LOGGING_DIR=dirs.logging_dir,
+        INDEX_DIR=dirs.index_dir,
+        STATIC_ROOT=dirs.static_dir,
+        MODEL_FILE=dirs.model_file,
+        MEDIA_LOCK=dirs.media_lock,
+    )
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def paperless_environment() -> Iterator[PaperlessDirs]:
+    """A second, isolated environment for the duration of the block.
+
+    Only for tests needing a fresh environment part way through a test body,
+    which a fixture cannot provide. Everything else uses the paperless_dirs
+    fixture.
+    """
+    from documents.search import reset_backend
+
+    with TemporaryDirectory(ignore_cleanup_errors=True) as tmp:
+        dirs = build_paperless_dirs(Path(tmp))
+        with override_settings(**dirs_settings(dirs)):
+            reset_backend()
+            try:
+                yield dirs
+            finally:
+                reset_backend()
+
+
+class DirectoriesMixin:
+    """Bridges the directory fixture to unittest TestCase subclasses and to
+    plain pytest test classes that want `self.dirs`.
+
+    Delete once no class depends on it.
+    """
+
+    dirs: PaperlessDirs
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def _paperless_dirs(self, paperless_dirs: PaperlessDirs) -> None:
+        self.dirs = paperless_dirs

src/paperless_testing/factories.py

@@ -78,7 +78,10 @@ class UserFactory(DjangoModelFactory[UserModelT]):
     username = factory.Sequence(lambda n: f"user{n}")
     is_staff = False
     is_superuser = False
-    password = factory.django.Password("test")
+    # Hashing a real password costs about half a second per user, and no test
+    # authenticates with its password. None gives the unusable password
+    # create_user() gives.
+    password = factory.django.Password(None)
 
     class Params:
         superuser = factory.Trait(is_staff=True, is_superuser=True)

src/paperless_testing/permissions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""Helpers that grant permissions to users and groups in tests.
+
+Two mechanisms, two names. A global permission is a Django model permission held
+by a user. An object permission is a guardian permission held on one object by a
+user or a group. They are not interchangeable.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
+from guardian.shortcuts import assign_perm
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
+    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+    from django.db.models import Model
+
+
+def grant_global(user: User, *perms: str) -> None:
+    """Grant model-level permissions.
+
+    Each of perms is a codename or "app_label.codename". An unknown name raises
+    Permission.DoesNotExist.
+    """
+    for perm in perms:
+        app_label, _, codename = perm.rpartition(".")
+        lookup = {"codename": codename}
+        if app_label:
+            lookup["content_type__app_label"] = app_label
+        user.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(**lookup))
+
+
+def grant_all_global(user: User) -> None:
+    """Grant every existing model-level permission without making a superuser."""
+    user.user_permissions.add(*Permission.objects.all())
+
+
+def grant_object(target: User | Group, obj: Model, *perms: str) -> None:
+    """Grant object-level permissions on obj to a user or a group."""
+    for perm in perms:
+        assign_perm(perm, target, obj)

uv.lock

@@ -2969,6 +2969,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "pytest-env" },
     { name = "pytest-httpx" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
+    { name = "pytest-randomly" },
     { name = "pytest-rerunfailures" },
     { name = "pytest-sugar" },
     { name = "pytest-xdist" },
@@ -2994,6 +2995,7 @@ testing = [
     { name = "pytest-env" },
     { name = "pytest-httpx" },
     { name = "pytest-mock" },
+    { name = "pytest-randomly" },
     { name = "pytest-rerunfailures" },
     { name = "pytest-sugar" },
     { name = "pytest-xdist" },
@@ -3111,6 +3113,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "pytest-env", specifier = "~=1.7.0" },
     { name = "pytest-httpx" },
     { name = "pytest-mock", specifier = "~=3.15.1" },
+    { name = "pytest-randomly", specifier = "~=5.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-rerunfailures", specifier = "~=16.4" },
     { name = "pytest-sugar" },
     { name = "pytest-xdist", specifier = "~=3.8.0" },
@@ -3134,6 +3137,7 @@ testing = [
     { name = "pytest-env", specifier = "~=1.7.0" },
     { name = "pytest-httpx" },
     { name = "pytest-mock", specifier = "~=3.15.1" },
+    { name = "pytest-randomly", specifier = "~=5.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-rerunfailures", specifier = "~=16.4" },
     { name = "pytest-sugar" },
     { name = "pytest-xdist", specifier = "~=3.8.0" },
@@ -3911,6 +3915,18 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5a/cc/06253936f4a7fa2e0f48dfe6d851d9c56df896a9ab09ac019d70b760619c/pytest_mock-3.15.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:0a25e2eb88fe5168d535041d09a4529a188176ae608a6d249ee65abc0949630d", size = 10095, upload-time = "2025-09-16T16:37:25.734Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pytest-randomly"
+version = "5.0.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "pytest" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/01/3b/6a40e1b9d925651e601e056a97f60d8a1daeddeac03d5609be60cb4362ce/pytest_randomly-5.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e9c575a5873ef168ddbe340ed9e97ce9edb4492ccc821e4b2ac6bb1f0ed515d2", size = 8542, upload-time = "2026-09-01T22:34:20.441Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/10/b4/47e939285caad9a623d021512912ac08dc92a467ad075d179f43729d2934/pytest_randomly-5.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:8a0d4703115c0c25b38b6e129fc16b1947b9643ff26a41bc1d185d7e5a7689c1", size = 8920, upload-time = "2026-09-01T22:34:19.227Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest-rerunfailures"
 version = "16.6.1"