mirror of
https://github.com/nlohmann/json.git
synced 2026-10-03 21:20:30 +00:00
22 lines
95 KiB
HTML
22 lines
95 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/features/performance/" rel="canonical"><link href=../object_order/ rel=prev><link href=../parsing/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Performance - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#performance class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Performance </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for=__palette_0 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-search data-md-component=search role=dialog> <label class=md-search__overlay for=__search></label> <div class=md-search__inner role=search> <form class=md-search__form name=search> <input type=text class=md-search__input name=query aria-label=Search placeholder=Search autocapitalize=off autocorrect=off autocomplete=off spellcheck=false data-md-component=search-query required> <label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg> </label> <nav class=md-search__options aria-label=Search> <button type=reset class="md-search__icon md-icon" title=Clear aria-label=Clear tabindex=-1> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z"/></svg> </button> </nav> </form> <div class=md-search__output> <div class=md-search__scrollwrap tabindex=0 data-md-scrollfix> <div class=md-search-result data-md-component=search-result> <div class=md-search-result__meta> Initializing search </div> <ol class=md-search-result__list role=presentation></ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-header__source> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source"> <div class="md-source__icon md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> nlohmann/json </div> </a> </div> </nav> </header> <div class=md-container data-md-component=container> <nav class=md-tabs aria-label=Tabs data-md-component=tabs> <div class=md-grid> <ul class=md-tabs__list> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../.. class=md-tabs__link> Home </a> </li> <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active"> <a href=../ class=md-tabs__link> Features </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../integration/ class=md-tabs__link> Integration </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/ class=md-tabs__link> API Documentation </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../community/ class=md-tabs__link> Community </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <main class=md-main data-md-component=main> <div class="md-main__inner md-grid"> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=navigation> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary md-nav--lifted" aria-label=Navigation data-md-level=0> <label class=md-nav__title for=__drawer> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> JSON for Modern C++ </label> <div class=md-nav__source> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json" title="Go to repository" class="md-source" data-md-component="source"> <div class="md-source__icon md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> nlohmann/json </div> </a> </div> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../.. class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Home </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_1 id=__nav_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Home </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/license/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> License </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/faq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> FAQ </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/exceptions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/releases/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Releases </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/design_goals/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Design goals </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/architecture/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/customers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Customers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/sponsors/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sponsors </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../home/debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Features </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2 id=__nav_2_label tabindex> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Features </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../arbitrary_types/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arbitrary Type Conversions </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../binary_formats/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Formats </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_3 id=__nav_2_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Binary Formats </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_formats/bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BJData </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_formats/bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BON8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_formats/bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BSON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_formats/cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CBOR </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_formats/messagepack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> MessagePack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_formats/ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> UBJSON </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../binary_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../comments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Comments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Converting values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../creating_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Creating JSON values </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_8> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../element_access/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Element Access </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_8 id=__nav_2_8_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Element Access </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../element_access/unchecked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Unchecked access: operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../element_access/checked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Checked access: at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../element_access/default_value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Access with default value: value </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../iterators/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Iterators </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Merge Patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Patch and Diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../modifying_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modifying values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../modules/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nlohmann Namespace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../object_order/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Object Order </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> Performance </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Performance </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#parsing-input class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing input </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#large-documents class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Large documents </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#binary-formats class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary formats </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#object-type-json-vs-ordered_json class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Object type: json vs. ordered_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#avoiding-copies class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Avoiding copies </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#serialization class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Serialization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#diagnostics-overhead class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Diagnostics overhead </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#compile-time class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compile time </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#see-also class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> See also </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_18> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../parsing/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_18 id=__nav_2_18_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_18_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_18> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Parsing </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parsing/json_lines/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Lines </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parsing/parse_exceptions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing and Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parsing/parser_callbacks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parser Callbacks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parsing/sax_interface/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SAX Interface </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../parsing/untrusted_input/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing Untrusted Input </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../assertions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Runtime Assertions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Serialization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../enum_conversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Specializing enum conversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../macros/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Supported Macros </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../trailing_commas/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Trailing Commas </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_24> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../types/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Types </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_24 id=__nav_2_24_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_24_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_24> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Types </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../types/number_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Number Handling </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../types/template_parameters/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Template Parameter Requirements </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../integration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Integration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/migration_guide/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Migration Guide </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/cmake/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CMake </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/package_managers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Package Managers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/pkg-config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pkg-config </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> API Documentation </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> API Documentation </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/basic_json/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> basic_json </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_1 id=__nav_4_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> basic_json </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/~basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Destructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/accept/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> accept </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/array_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> begin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/binary_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/boolean_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/cbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbor_tag_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/cend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/clear/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/contains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> contains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/count/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> count </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/crbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/crend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/default_object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> default_object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/diff/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/end/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/end_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> erase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/error_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> error_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/flatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> flatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/format_as/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> format_as </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bon8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_allocator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_allocator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ref </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_to/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_to </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/std_formatter/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::formatter<basic_json> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/std_hash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::hash<basic_json> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/input_format_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> input_format_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/insert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> insert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/invalid_iterator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> invalid_iterator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_discarded/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_discarded </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_primitive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_primitive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_structured/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_structured </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/items/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> items </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/json_base_class_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_base_class_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/json_serializer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_serializer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/max_size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> max_size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/meta/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> meta </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> merge_patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_float_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_integer_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/object_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_ValueType/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator ValueType </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator value_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%2B%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator+= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_lt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator< </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_gt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_le/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_ge/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/out_of_range/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> out_of_range </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/other_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> other_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse_event_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_event_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parser_callback_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parser_callback_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/patch_inplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch_inplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/rbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/rend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/sax_parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sax_parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/start_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> swap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/std_swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::swap<basic_json> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bon8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/type_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/type_name/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_name </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/unflatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> unflatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/update/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> update </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value_t </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> byte_container_with_subtype </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_2 id=__nav_4_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> byte_container_with_subtype </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/byte_container_with_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/clear_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/has_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> has_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/set_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> set_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> subtype </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> adl_serializer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_3 id=__nav_4_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> adl_serializer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/from_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/to_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_json </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_pointer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_pointer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_slash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/ </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_slasheq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/parent_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parent_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/pop_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/pop_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/push_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_6> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/json_sax/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_sax </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_6 id=__nav_4_6_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_sax </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/end_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/end_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/key/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> key </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/start_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/start_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_ltlt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<<(basic_json), operator<<(json_pointer) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_gtgt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>>(basic_json) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_literal_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_literal_json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/ordered_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/ordered_map/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_map </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_13> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/macros/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> macros </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_13 id=__nav_4_13_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_13_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_13> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> macros </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_assert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_ASSERT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_throw_user/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_CATCH_USER, JSON_THROW_USER, JSON_TRY_USER </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_disable_enum_serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_disable_tuple_reference_conversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_cpp_11/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_CPP_11, JSON_HAS_CPP_14, JSON_HAS_CPP_17, JSON_HAS_CPP_20, JSON_HAS_CPP_23, JSON_HAS_CPP_26 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_filesystem/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM, JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_ranges/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_RANGES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_static_rtti/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_std_format/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_three_way_comparison/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_noexception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NOEXCEPTION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_io/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_IO </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_thread_local/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_precise_stream_position/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_skip_library_version_check/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_global_udls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_implicit_conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_legacy_discarded_value_comparison/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_simdutf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_SIMDUTF </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_version_major/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../community/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Community </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Community </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/ecosystem/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ecosystem </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/code_of_conduct/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Code of Conduct </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/contribution_guidelines/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contribution Guidelines </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/quality_assurance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Quality assurance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/governance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Governance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/roadmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Roadmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/security_policy/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Security Policy </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/assurance_case/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Assurance case </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#parsing-input class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing input </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#large-documents class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Large documents </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#binary-formats class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary formats </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#object-type-json-vs-ordered_json class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Object type: json vs. ordered_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#avoiding-copies class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Avoiding copies </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#serialization class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Serialization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#diagnostics-overhead class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Diagnostics overhead </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#compile-time class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compile time </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#see-also class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> See also </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/edit/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/features/performance.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon" rel="edit"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/raw/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/features/performance.md" title="View source of this page" class="md-content__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.2 8.2 0 0 1-1.23-2"/></svg> </a> <h1 id=performance>Performance<a class=headerlink href=#performance title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1> <p>Speed was never the primary goal of this library. The <a href=../../home/design_goals/ >design goals</a> page says so plainly: "There are certainly faster <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> libraries out there." Intuitive syntax, trivial integration, and thorough testing came first. If a hard real-time budget or the last percent of throughput matters more than convenience, a <a href="https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time">faster, more specialized library</a> may be a better fit.</p> <p>That said, how you use this library still makes a measurable difference. This page collects practical, code-verified techniques for reducing time, memory, and compile-time cost -- without repeating the detailed pages it links to.</p> <h2 id=parsing-input>Parsing input<a class=headerlink href=#parsing-input title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p><a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> accepts a string, a pair of iterators, a container, a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code>, or a <code class=highlight><span class=kt>FILE</span><span class=o>*</span></code> (see <a href=../parsing/#input>Parsing</a>). Internally, every input is wrapped in an <a href=../../home/architecture/#input-adapters>input adapter</a>, and not all adapters are equally fast.</p> <p>For inputs backed by contiguous, single-byte memory -- a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span></code>, a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>char</span><span class=o>></span></code>, a string literal, or a pointer range -- the library uses <code>iterator_input_adapter</code>, wrapped in a raw pointer so the fast paths below apply on every supported standard. This adapter exposes two optimizations the lexer detects at compile time:</p> <ul> <li>it can reconstruct already-consumed input on demand for error messages, instead of copying every character as it is read, and</li> <li>the lexer can scan ordinary string characters directly out of the buffer, several bytes at a time, rather than one character (and one function call) at a time.</li> </ul> <p>A <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code> (including <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ifstream</span></code>) or <code class=highlight><span class=kt>FILE</span><span class=o>*</span></code>, by contrast, is read through <code>input_stream_adapter</code> or <code>file_input_adapter</code>, which read one character (or one block, for binary formats) at a time and expose neither optimization -- the lexer falls back to the same byte-at-a-time path it uses for any non-contiguous, general-purpose iterator range. An iterator pair over non-contiguous but random-access storage (e.g. <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>deque</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>char</span><span class=o>>::</span><span class=n>iterator</span></code>) gets the first optimization but not the second, since the byte-scanning fast path additionally requires contiguous storage.</p> <p>Practically: if the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text is already in memory, or small enough to read into memory, prefer passing a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span></code>, a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>char</span><span class=o>></span></code>, or a pointer range to <code>parse</code> over a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code>. For a file, that means reading it into a string first and then parsing the string, rather than passing a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ifstream</span></code> directly to <code>parse</code> -- the latter never benefits from either optimization:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// gets the contiguous fast paths</span>
|
|
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ifstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>f</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"example.json"</span><span class=p>);</span>
|
|
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>contents</span><span class=p>((</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istreambuf_iterator</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>char</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>f</span><span class=p>)),</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istreambuf_iterator</span><span class=o><</span><span class=kt>char</span><span class=o>></span><span class=p>());</span>
|
|
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>contents</span><span class=p>);</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class=c1>// does not: input_stream_adapter has no fast path</span>
|
|
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ifstream</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>f2</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"example.json"</span><span class=p>);</span>
|
|
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>f2</span><span class=p>);</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div> <p>For contiguous input with many non-<abbr title="American Standard Code for Information Interchange">ASCII</abbr> characters, <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_simdutf/ ><code>JSON_USE_SIMDUTF</code></a> can additionally speed up <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 validation by using the <a href="https://github.com/simdutf/simdutf">simdutf</a> library instead of the built-in scalar validator; streaming inputs (files, <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code>, wide strings, user-defined adapters) always use the scalar path regardless of this macro.</p> <h2 id=large-documents>Large documents<a class=headerlink href=#large-documents title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Parsing always produces <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events internally; <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> simply feeds them to a consumer that builds a complete <code>basic_json</code> value tree (a <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr>) in memory. For documents too large to comfortably hold as a <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr>, two alternatives avoid building it:</p> <ul> <li>Implement the <a href=../parsing/sax_interface/ ><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface</a> directly and pass it to <a href=../../api/basic_json/sax_parse/ ><code>sax_parse</code></a>; only the parts of the input you choose to keep ever become <code>basic_json</code> values.</li> <li>Pass a <a href=../parsing/parser_callbacks/ >parser callback</a> to <code>parse</code>. This still builds a <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr>, but the callback can discard finished elements as soon as they are handled, so memory usage stays bounded by one element (plus the unparsed remainder of the input) instead of the whole document -- see the <a href=../parsing/parser_callbacks/#recipe-streaming-a-large-homogeneous-array>recipe for streaming a large homogeneous array</a>.</li> </ul> <p>If the data is naturally record-oriented, consider <a href=../parsing/json_lines/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Lines</a> instead of one large <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> document: reading and parsing it line by line with <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>getline</span></code> means only one line's value is ever in memory at a time, and a malformed line does not invalidate lines already processed.</p> <h2 id=binary-formats>Binary formats<a class=headerlink href=#binary-formats title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text is not a compact format. If the data is only exchanged between programs (not read by humans), the <a href=../binary_formats/ >binary formats</a> -- <abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, and <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr> -- encode the same values more compactly, which reduces both the bytes transferred and, for most of them, the work needed to parse them back. The <a href=../binary_formats/#sizes>size comparison</a> on that page, measured against minified <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> for four reference documents, shows the effect varies a lot by document shape: <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> and MessagePack come out at 50.5% of the minified <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> size for the numeric-array-heavy <code>canada.json</code>, but only around 87-88% for the string-heavy <code>jeopardy.json</code>, where there is less numeric data to encode more compactly. <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr> is the most compact option in that comparison for text-heavy documents (63.5%-87.5%), at the cost of an <a href=../binary_formats/#completeness>incomplete serializer</a> (no unsigned integers above int64). Which format -- and whether it is worth the loss of human readability at all -- depends on the actual data; see the <a href=../binary_formats/#comparison>comparison tables</a> before choosing one.</p> <h2 id=object-type-json-vs-ordered_json>Object type: <code>json</code> vs. <code>ordered_json</code><a class=headerlink href=#object-type-json-vs-ordered_json title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The default <a href=../../api/json/ ><code>json</code></a> type stores object keys in a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>map</span></code>, giving logarithmic-time lookup, insertion, and erasure, at the cost of sorting keys alphabetically rather than preserving insertion order (see <a href=../object_order/ >Object Order</a>). <a href=../../api/ordered_json/ ><code>ordered_json</code></a> uses <a href=../../api/ordered_map/ ><code>nlohmann::ordered_map</code></a> instead, a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span></code>-backed container with no lookup index: every key-based operation is a <strong>linear scan</strong>, so building an object of <code>n</code> distinct keys costs <strong>O(n²)</strong> in total -- this applies equally to inserting keys one by one and to parsing an object, since the parser inserts each key as it is read. The <a href=../../api/ordered_map/#complexity>measurements on the <code>ordered_map</code> page</a> show this is negligible at typical object sizes (2000 keys: 0.7 ms for <code>json</code> vs. 3.6 ms for <code>ordered_json</code>, a 5x factor) but grows steeply for large, machine-generated objects (16 000 keys: 3.3 ms vs. 181.6 ms, a 54x factor).</p> <p>If insertion order matters <em>and</em> an object routinely has many thousands of keys, <code>ordered_json</code>'s quadratic build cost may not be acceptable. The library's <a href=../types/template_parameters/#objecttype><code>ObjectType</code> template parameter</a> can be set to a different container instead: <code class=highlight><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>fifo_map</span></code> keeps insertion order with a real lookup index (avoiding the quadratic cost), while <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>unordered_map</span></code>, <code class=highlight><span class=n>boost</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>unordered_flat_map</span></code>, <code class=highlight><span class=n>absl</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>flat_hash_map</span></code>, and similar hash maps trade insertion order for average-case constant-time lookup (through an adapter, since their template argument order does not match what <code>basic_json</code> expects) -- see <a href=../object_order/#alternative-behavior-preserve-insertion-order>Object Order</a> for the full list.</p> <h2 id=avoiding-copies>Avoiding copies<a class=headerlink href=#avoiding-copies title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <ul> <li><strong>Move instead of copy.</strong> Constructing a <code>basic_json</code> from an existing one is <a href=../../api/basic_json/basic_json/#complexity>linear in its size</a> for the copy constructor but <a href=../../api/basic_json/basic_json/#complexity>constant</a> for the move constructor. The same applies to assigning a large <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span></code>, <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span></code>, or other container into a value: pass it as <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>move</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>x</span><span class=p>)</span></code> rather than <code>x</code> whenever <code>x</code> is no longer needed afterwards.</li> <li><strong>Access without copying.</strong> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get/ ><code>get<T>()</code></a> returns a copy of the stored value converted to <code>T</code>. When a reference or pointer to the value already stored inside the <code>basic_json</code> is enough, <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ ><code>get_ref()</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ptr/ ><code>get_ptr()</code></a> access it directly: both pages state, word for word, "No copies are made." -- at the cost of that reference or pointer becoming invalid once the underlying value changes.</li> <li><strong>Iterate by reference.</strong> <code class=highlight><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>iterator</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=k>operator</span><span class=o>*</span><span class=p>()</span></code> returns a <code>reference</code> (an alias for <code class=highlight><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&</span></code>), but a range-based for loop with a by-value loop variable (<code class=highlight><span class=k>for</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>el</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>)</span></code>) still copies each element, because plain <code class=highlight><span class=k>auto</span></code> drops the reference. Write <code class=highlight><span class=k>for</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>el</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>)</span></code> (or <code class=highlight><span class=k>auto</span><span class=o>&</span></code> for a mutable loop), and use <a href=../../api/basic_json/items/ ><code>items()</code></a> the same way when the key is needed too -- its own examples use <code class=highlight><span class=k>for</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>el</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>items</span><span class=p>())</span></code>.</li> <li><strong>Construct in place.</strong> <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace_back/ ><code>emplace_back()</code></a> (arrays, amortized constant time) and <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace/ ><code>emplace()</code></a> (objects, logarithmic in the size of the container for <code>json</code>) forward their arguments directly to a <code>basic_json</code> constructor, rather than requiring a temporary value to be constructed and then copied or moved in. <a href=../../api/basic_json/push_back/ ><code>push_back()</code></a> has an rvalue overload (<code class=highlight><span class=n>push_back</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&&</span><span class=p>)</span></code>) for a value that already exists: <code class=highlight><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>push_back</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>move</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>))</span></code> moves it in instead of copying it.</li> <li><strong>Skip the bounds check when it is redundant.</strong> <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ ><code>at()</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ ><code>operator[]</code></a> have the same complexity (constant for a valid array index, logarithmic for an object key in <code>json</code>) -- the difference is that <code>at()</code> additionally checks the key or index and throws if it is invalid, while <code>operator[]</code> does not (see <a href=../element_access/unchecked_access/ >unchecked access</a> and <a href=../element_access/checked_access/ >checked access</a>). Prefer <code>operator[]</code> when the surrounding code has already established that the access is valid.</li> <li><strong>Reserve array capacity.</strong> <code>basic_json</code> has no public <code>reserve()</code>, but when building a large array incrementally with a known final size, <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ ><code>get_ref()</code></a> exposes the underlying <code class=highlight><span class=n>array_t</span></code> so it can be reserved directly -- see <a href=../element_access/unchecked_access/#performance-reserving-array-capacity>"reserving array capacity"</a> for the one-line recipe.</li> </ul> <h2 id=serialization>Serialization<a class=headerlink href=#serialization title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p><a href=../../api/basic_json/dump/ ><code>dump()</code></a> with the default <code class=highlight><span class=n>indent</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>-1</span></code> selects "the most compact representation" (word for word from the page); any non-negative <code>indent</code> pretty-prints instead, which is more readable but produces more bytes and more work. <code>dump()</code> builds and returns a complete <code class=highlight><span class=n>string_t</span></code> containing the whole serialization. <a href=../../api/operator_ltlt/ ><code>operator<<</code></a> writes directly to a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ostream</span></code> instead, through the same serializer, but without ever materializing that intermediate string -- so if the destination is a stream (a file, or <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span></code>), <code class=highlight><span class=n>os</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span></code> avoids the allocation and copy that <code class=highlight><span class=n>os</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><<</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>dump</span><span class=p>();</span></code> would incur for large values.</p> <h2 id=diagnostics-overhead>Diagnostics overhead<a class=headerlink href=#diagnostics-overhead title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Two opt-in macros add diagnostic information to exceptions and to every value, at a cost that is only worth paying while it is in use:</p> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> adds a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer to exception messages, pointing at the value that triggered the exception. Quoting the page directly: "enabling this macro increases the size of every <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value by one pointer and adds some runtime overhead" -- every value gains a parent pointer that has to be kept up to date as the document is built and modified.</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</code></a> adds <a href=../../api/basic_json/start_pos/ ><code>start_pos()</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/end_pos/ ><code>end_pos()</code></a>, the byte offsets a value occupied in its parsed input. Quoting the page: "enabling this macro increases the size of every <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value by two <code>std::size_t</code> fields and adds slight runtime overhead to parsing, copying <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value objects, and the generation of error messages for exceptions."</li> </ul> <p>Both default to off. Enable them where better diagnostics are worth the overhead (for example, while validating untrusted input, or in a debug build), and keep them off in a release build that does not need them.</p> <h2 id=compile-time>Compile time<a class=headerlink href=#compile-time title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p><a href=../../home/architecture/#source-layout><code><nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp></code></a> forward-declares <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a>, <a href=../../api/json/ ><code>json</code></a>, <a href=../../api/ordered_json/ ><code>ordered_json</code></a>, <a href=../../api/json_pointer/ ><code>json_pointer</code></a>, and <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/ ><code>adl_serializer</code></a>, pulling in only a handful of lightweight standard headers instead of the full <code>json.hpp</code>. A header that only needs to <em>name</em> <code>nlohmann::json</code> -- in a function signature or a class member declaration, for instance -- can include <code>json_fwd.hpp</code> and leave <code class=highlight><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json.hpp></span></code> to the source files that actually parse, build, or serialize values, the same way a project would forward-declare any other heavy class to keep it out of widely-included headers:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=c1>// my_type.hpp</span>
|
|
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp></span>
|
|
|
|
<span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>my_type</span>
|
|
<span class=p>{</span>
|
|
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>config</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=p>;</span>
|
|
<span class=p>};</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class=c1>// my_type.cpp</span>
|
|
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json.hpp></span>
|
|
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>"my_type.hpp"</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>my_type::config</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cm>/* ... */</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div> <p>One caveat: ABI-affecting macros such as <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code> and <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS</code> are encoded into the library's <a href=../namespace/#limitations>inline namespace name</a>. Every translation unit -- whether it includes <code>json_fwd.hpp</code> or the full header -- must define them the same way, or linking fails with undefined references instead of a compile error.</p> <p>If I/O support is not needed at all, <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_io/ ><code>JSON_NO_IO</code></a> excludes <code><cstdio></code>, <code><ios></code>, <code><iosfwd></code>, <code><istream></code>, and <code><ostream></code> outright and drops the <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>istream</span></code>/<code class=highlight><span class=kt>FILE</span><span class=o>*</span></code> <code>parse</code> overloads and <a href=../../api/operator_ltlt/ ><code>operator<<</code></a> that depend on them (<code>dump()</code> itself is unaffected, since it only returns a string); it exists for environments where those headers are unavailable (such as Intel SGX), and as a side effect those headers are then never processed by the compiler at all.</p> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../home/design_goals/ >Design goals</a> - why this library does not optimize for speed first</li> <li><a href=../../home/architecture/ >Architecture</a> - how input adapters, the lexer, and the serializer fit together</li> <li><a href=../parsing/ >Parsing</a> - the available parsing functions and inputs</li> <li><a href=../parsing/sax_interface/ ><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface</a> - parse without building a <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr></li> <li><a href=../binary_formats/ >Binary formats</a> - compact alternatives to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text</li> <li><a href=../object_order/ >Object Order</a> - <code>json</code> vs. <code>ordered_json</code> and other <code>ObjectType</code> choices</li> <li><a href=../types/template_parameters/ >Template Parameter Requirements</a> - custom container and allocator types</li> <li><a href=../macros/ >Supported macros</a> - overview of all configuration macros, including the diagnostics ones above</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 2, 2026 09:32:15 UTC">October 2, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 384 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M162.7 210c-1.8 3.3-25.2 44.4-70.1 123.5-4.9 8.3-10.8 12.5-17.7 12.5H9.8c-7.7 0-12.1-7.5-8.5-14.4l69-121.3q.3 0 0-.3l-43.9-75.6c-4.3-7.8.3-14.1 8.5-14.1H100c7.3 0 13.3 4.1 18 12.2zM382.6 46.1l-144 253v.3L330.2 466c3.9 7.1.2 14.1-8.5 14.1h-65.2c-7.6 0-13.6-4-18-12.2l-92.4-168.5c3.3-5.8 51.5-90.8 144.8-255.2 4.6-8.1 10.4-12.2 17.5-12.2h65.7c8 0 12.3 6.7 8.5 14.1"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.paypal.me/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.paypal.me" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 384 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M111.9 295.9c-3.5 19.2-17.4 108.7-21.5 134-.3 1.8-1 2.5-3 2.5H12.8c-7.6 0-13.1-6.6-12.1-13.9L59.3 46.6c1.5-9.6 10.1-16.9 20-16.9 152.3 0 165.1-3.7 204 11.4 60.1 23.3 65.6 79.5 44 140.3-21.5 62.6-72.5 89.5-140.1 90.3-43.4.7-69.5-7-75.3 24.2M357.6 152c-1.8-1.3-2.5-1.8-3 1.3-2 11.4-5.1 22.5-8.8 33.6-39.9 113.8-150.5 103.9-204.5 103.9-6.1 0-10.1 3.3-10.9 9.4-22.6 140.4-27.1 169.7-27.1 169.7-1 7.1 3.5 12.9 10.6 12.9h63.5c8.6 0 15.7-6.3 17.4-14.9.7-5.4-1.1 6.1 14.4-91.3 4.6-22 14.3-19.7 29.3-19.7 71 0 126.4-28.8 142.9-112.3 6.5-34.8 4.6-71.4-23.8-92.6"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"annotate": null, "base": "../..", "features": ["navigation.instant", "navigation.tracking", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "content.tabs.link", "content.action.edit", "content.action.view"], "search": "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.2c215733.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": null}</script> <script src=../../assets/javascripts/bundle.d7400e89.min.js></script> </body> </html> |