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json/api/basic_json/to_bson/index.md
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# nlohmann::basic_json::to_bson
```
// (1)
static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_bson(const basic_json& j);
// (2)
static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o);
static void to_bson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o);
```
BSON (Binary JSON) is a binary format in which zero or more ordered key/value pairs are stored as a single entity (a so-called document).
1. Returns a byte vector containing the BSON serialization.
1. Writes the BSON serialization to an output adapter.
The exact mapping and its limitations are described on a [dedicated page](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/bson/index.md).
## Parameters
`j` (in) : JSON value to serialize
`o` (in) : output adapter to write serialization to
## Return value
1. BSON serialization as a byte vector
1. (none)
## Exception safety
Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
## Exceptions
- Throws [`type_error.317`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptiontype_error317) if the top-level type of the JSON value is not an object; example: `"to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is string"`
- Throws [`out_of_range.409`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionout_of_range409) if a key in the JSON object contains a null byte (code point U+0000); example: `"BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2)"`
- Throws [`out_of_range.412`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptionout_of_range412) if the length of a document, array, string, or binary value exceeds the range of the 32-bit BSON length field; example: `"BSON length 2147483661 exceeds maximum of 2147483647"`
## Complexity
Proportional to the size of the JSON value `j` multiplied by its maximum nesting depth, `O(n × d)`. BSON length prefixes are computed recursively before nested values are written.
## Examples
Example
The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte vector in BSON format.
```
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
using namespace nlohmann::literals;
int main()
{
// create a JSON value
json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
// serialize it to BSON
std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = json::to_bson(j);
// print the vector content
for (auto& byte : v)
{
std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)byte << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
```
Output:
```
0x1b 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0x63 0x6f 0x6d 0x70 0x61 0x63 0x74 0x00 0x01 0x10 0x73 0x63 0x68 0x65 0x6d 0x61 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
```
## See also
- [from_bson](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/from_bson/index.md) create a JSON value from an input in BSON format
- [to_cbor](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/to_cbor/index.md) create a CBOR serialization of a JSON value
- [to_msgpack](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/to_msgpack/index.md) create a MessagePack serialization of a JSON value
- [to_ubjson](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/to_ubjson/index.md) create a UBJSON serialization of a JSON value
- [to_bjdata](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/to_bjdata/index.md) create a BJData serialization of a JSON value
## Version history
- Added in version 3.4.0.