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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/" rel="canonical"><link href=../faq/ rel=prev><link href=../releases/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Exceptions - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#exceptions class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg 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12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> nlohmann/json </div> </a> </div> </nav> </header> <div class=md-container data-md-component=container> <nav class=md-tabs aria-label=Tabs data-md-component=tabs> <div class=md-grid> <ul class=md-tabs__list> <li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active"> <a href=../.. class=md-tabs__link> Home </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../features/ class=md-tabs__link> Features </a> </li> <li class=md-tabs__item> <a href=../../integration/ class=md-tabs__link> Integration </a> </li> <li 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16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-source__repository> nlohmann/json </div> </a> </div> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_1 checked> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../.. class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Home </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_1 id=__nav_1_label tabindex> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_1_label aria-expanded=true> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Home </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../license/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> License </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../faq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> FAQ </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exceptions </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=./ class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> Exceptions </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#overview class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label=Overview> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#base-type class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Base type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#switch-off-exceptions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Switch off exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#extended-diagnostic-messages class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Extended diagnostic messages </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#parse-errors class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parse errors </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Parse errors"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.101 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error102 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.102 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error103 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.103 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error104 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.104 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error105 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.105 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error106 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.106 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error107 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.107 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error108 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.108 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error109 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.109 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error110 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.110 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error112 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.112 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error113 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.113 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error114 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.114 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error115 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.115 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#iterator-errors class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Iterator errors </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Iterator errors"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator201 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.201 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.202 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator203 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.203 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.204 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator205 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.205 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.206 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.207 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator208 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.208 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator209 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.209 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.210 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator211 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.211 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator212 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.212 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator213 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.213 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.214 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#type-errors class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Type errors </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Type errors"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error301 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.301 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error302 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.302 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error303 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.303 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error304 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.304 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error305 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.305 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error306 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.306 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error307 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.307 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error308 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.308 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error309 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.309 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error310 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.310 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error311 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.311 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error312 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.312 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error313 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.313 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error314 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.314 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error315 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.315 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error316 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.316 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error317 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.317 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error318 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.318 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#out-of-range class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Out of range </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Out of range"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range401 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.401 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range402 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.402 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range403 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.403 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.404 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range405 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.405 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range406 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.406 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range407 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.407 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range408 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.408 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range409 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.409 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range410 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.410 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range411 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.411 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range412 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.412 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range413 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.413 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range414 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.414 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range415 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.415 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#further-exceptions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Further exceptions </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Further exceptions"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionother_error501 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.other_error.501 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionother_error502 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.other_error.502 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../releases/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Releases </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../design_goals/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Design goals </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../architecture/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../customers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Customers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../sponsors/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Sponsors </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../debugging/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Debugging </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Features </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2 id=__nav_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Features </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/arbitrary_types/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Arbitrary Type Conversions </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Formats </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_3 id=__nav_2_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Binary Formats </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BJData </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BON8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> BSON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CBOR </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/messagepack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> MessagePack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> UBJSON </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/binary_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Binary Values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/comments/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Comments </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Converting values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/creating_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Creating JSON values </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_8> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/element_access/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Element Access </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_8 id=__nav_2_8_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_8_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_8> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Element Access </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/element_access/unchecked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Unchecked access: operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/element_access/checked_access/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Checked access: at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/element_access/default_value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Access with default value: value </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/iterators/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Iterators </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Merge Patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/json_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Patch and Diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/modifying_values/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modifying values </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/modules/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Modules </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> nlohmann Namespace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/object_order/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Object Order </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/performance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Performance </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_18> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/parsing/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_18 id=__nav_2_18_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_18_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_18> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Parsing </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/json_lines/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON Lines </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/parse_exceptions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing and Exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/parser_callbacks/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parser Callbacks </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/sax_interface/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> SAX Interface </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/parsing/untrusted_input/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parsing Untrusted Input </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/assertions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Runtime Assertions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Serialization </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/enum_conversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Specializing enum conversion </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/macros/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Supported Macros </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/trailing_commas/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Trailing Commas </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_2_24> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../features/types/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Types </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_2_24 id=__nav_2_24_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_2_24_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_2_24> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Types </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/types/number_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Number Handling </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../features/types/template_parameters/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Template Parameter Requirements </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../integration/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Integration </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Integration </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/migration_guide/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Migration Guide </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/cmake/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> CMake </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/package_managers/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Package Managers </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/pkg-config/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Pkg-config </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../integration/compile_times/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Compile times </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> API Documentation </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> API Documentation </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_1> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/basic_json/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> basic_json </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_1 id=__nav_4_1_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_1_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_1> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> basic_json </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/~basic_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Destructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/accept/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> accept </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/array_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> array_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/as_base_class/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> as_base_class </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> at </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> begin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/binary_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/boolean_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/cbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cbor_tag_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/cend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> cend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/clear/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/contains/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> contains </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/count/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> count </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/crbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/crend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> crend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/default_object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> default_object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/diff/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> diff </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/dump/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> dump </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> emplace_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/end/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/end_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> erase </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/error_handler_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> error_handler_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/exception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> exception </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/find/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> find </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/flatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> flatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/format_as/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> format_as </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bon8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_allocator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_allocator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ptr/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ptr </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_ref </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_to/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> get_to </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/std_formatter/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::formatter&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/std_hash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::hash&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/input_format_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> input_format_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/insert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> insert </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/invalid_iterator/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> invalid_iterator </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_discarded/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_discarded </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_primitive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_primitive </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/is_structured/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> is_structured </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/items/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> items </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/json_base_class_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_base_class_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/json_serializer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_serializer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/max_size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> max_size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/meta/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> meta </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/merge_patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> merge_patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_float_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_integer_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/object_comparator_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_comparator_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/object_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> object_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_ValueType/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator ValueType </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator value_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator[] </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%2B%3D/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator+= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_lt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator< </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_gt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_le/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_ge/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/out_of_range/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> out_of_range </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/other_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> other_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse_event_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_event_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/parser_callback_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parser_callback_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/patch/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/patch_inplace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> patch_inplace </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/rbegin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rbegin </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/rend/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> rend </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/sax_parse/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> sax_parse </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/size/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> size </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/start_pos/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_pos </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> swap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/std_swap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> std::swap&lt;basic_json&gt; </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bjdata/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bjdata </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bon8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bon8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_bson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_cbor/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_cbor </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_msgpack/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_msgpack </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_ubjson </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/type_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/type_name/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> type_name </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/unflatten/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> unflatten </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/update/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> update </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/value/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/basic_json/value_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> value_t </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_2> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> byte_container_with_subtype </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_2 id=__nav_4_2_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_2_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_2> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> byte_container_with_subtype </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/byte_container_with_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/clear_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> clear_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/has_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> has_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/set_subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> set_subtype </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/subtype/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> subtype </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_3> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> adl_serializer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_3 id=__nav_4_3_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> adl_serializer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/from_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> from_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/to_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_json </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_pointer </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_5 id=__nav_4_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_pointer </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> (Constructor) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/empty/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> empty </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_eq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator== </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_ne/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator!= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_spaceship/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<=> </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_slash/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/ </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/operator_slasheq/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator/= </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/parent_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parent_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/pop_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/pop_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> pop_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/push_back/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_back </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/push_front/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> push_front </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/string_t/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string_t </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_pointer/to_string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> to_string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_6> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/json_sax/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> json_sax </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_6 id=__nav_4_6_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> json_sax </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/binary/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> binary </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/boolean/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> boolean </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/end_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/end_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> end_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/key/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> key </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/null/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> null </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/number_float/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_float </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/number_integer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_integer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/number_unsigned/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> number_unsigned </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/parse_error/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> parse_error </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/start_array/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_array </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/start_object/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> start_object </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/json_sax/string/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> string </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_ltlt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<<(basic_json), operator<<(json_pointer) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_gtgt/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator>>(basic_json) </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_literal_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/operator_literal_json_pointer/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator""_json_pointer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/ordered_json/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_json </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/ordered_map/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> ordered_map </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4_13> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../api/macros/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> macros </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_4_13 id=__nav_4_13_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=2 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_13_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4_13> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> macros </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_assert/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_ASSERT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_throw_user/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_CATCH_USER, JSON_THROW_USER, JSON_TRY_USER </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTICS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_delete_deprecated_functions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DELETE_DEPRECATED_FUNCTIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_disable_enum_serialization/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DISABLE_ENUM_SERIALIZATION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_disable_tuple_reference_conversion/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_DISABLE_TUPLE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_cpp_11/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_CPP_11, JSON_HAS_CPP_14, JSON_HAS_CPP_17, JSON_HAS_CPP_20, JSON_HAS_CPP_23, JSON_HAS_CPP_26 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_filesystem/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM, JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_ranges/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_RANGES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_static_rtti/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_std_format/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_STD_FORMAT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_three_way_comparison/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_automatic_udls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_noexception/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NOEXCEPTION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_io/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_IO </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_no_thread_local/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_precise_stream_position/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_skip_library_version_check/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_strict_binary_utf8/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_global_udls/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_implicit_conversions/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_legacy_discarded_value_comparison/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_objects_for_enum_keyed_maps/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_OBJECTS_FOR_ENUM_KEYED_MAPS </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_simdutf/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_USE_SIMDUTF </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_with_names/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_WITH_DEFAULT_WITH_NAMES, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE_ONLY_SERIALIZE_WITH_NAMES </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_begin/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN, NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_namespace_no_version/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_NO_VERSION </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_version_major/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MAJOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_MINOR, NLOHMANN_JSON_VERSION_PATCH </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container"> <a href=../../community/ class="md-nav__link "> <span class=md-ellipsis> Community </span> </a> <label class="md-nav__link " for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex=0> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> </div> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Community </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/ecosystem/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ecosystem </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/code_of_conduct/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Code of Conduct </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/contribution_guidelines/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Contribution Guidelines </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/quality_assurance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Quality assurance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/governance/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Governance </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/roadmap/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Roadmap </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/security_policy/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Security Policy </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../community/assurance_case/ class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Assurance case </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#overview class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label=Overview> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#base-type class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Base type </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#switch-off-exceptions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Switch off exceptions </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#extended-diagnostic-messages class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Extended diagnostic messages </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#parse-errors class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Parse errors </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Parse errors"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.101 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error102 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.102 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error103 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.103 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error104 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.104 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error105 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.105 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error106 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.106 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error107 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.107 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error108 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.108 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error109 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.109 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error110 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.110 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error112 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.112 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error113 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.113 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error114 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.114 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error115 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.parse_error.115 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#iterator-errors class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Iterator errors </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Iterator errors"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator201 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.201 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.202 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator203 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.203 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.204 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator205 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.205 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.206 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.207 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator208 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.208 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator209 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.209 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.210 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator211 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.211 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator212 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.212 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator213 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.213 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.invalid_iterator.214 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#type-errors class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Type errors </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Type errors"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error301 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.301 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error302 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.302 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error303 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.303 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error304 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.304 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error305 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.305 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error306 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.306 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error307 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.307 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error308 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.308 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error309 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.309 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error310 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.310 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error311 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.311 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error312 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.312 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error313 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.313 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error314 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.314 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error315 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.315 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error316 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.316 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error317 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.317 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptiontype_error318 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.type_error.318 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#out-of-range class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Out of range </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Out of range"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range401 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.401 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range402 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.402 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range403 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.403 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.404 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range405 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.405 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range406 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.406 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range407 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.407 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range408 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.408 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range409 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.409 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range410 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.410 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range411 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.411 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range412 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.412 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range413 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.413 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range414 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.414 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range415 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.out_of_range.415 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#further-exceptions class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Further exceptions </span> </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Further exceptions"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionother_error501 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.other_error.501 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#jsonexceptionother_error502 class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> json.exception.other_error.502 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/edit/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/home/exceptions.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon" rel="edit"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4zm10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/raw/develop/docs/mkdocs/docs/home/exceptions.md" title="View source of this page" class="md-content__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 18c.56 0 1 .44 1 1s-.44 1-1 1-1-.44-1-1 .44-1 1-1m0-3c-2.73 0-5.06 1.66-6 4 .94 2.34 3.27 4 6 4s5.06-1.66 6-4c-.94-2.34-3.27-4-6-4m0 6.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1-2.5 2.5M9.27 20H6V4h7v5h5v4.07c.7.08 1.36.25 2 .49V8l-6-6H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4.5a8.2 8.2 0 0 1-1.23-2"/></svg> </a> <h1 id=exceptions>Exceptions<a class=headerlink href=#exceptions title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1> <h2 id=overview>Overview<a class=headerlink href=#overview title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h3 id=base-type>Base type<a class=headerlink href=#base-type title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>All exceptions inherit from class <code>json::exception</code> (which in turn inherits from <code>std::exception</code>). It is used as the base class for all exceptions thrown by the <code>basic_json</code> class. This class can hence be used as "wildcard" to catch exceptions.</p> <pre class=mermaid><code>classDiagram
direction LR
class `std::exception` {
&lt;&lt;interface&gt;&gt;
}
class `json::exception` {
+const int id
+const char* what() const
}
class `json::parse_error` {
+const std::size_t byte
}
class `json::invalid_iterator`
class `json::type_error`
class `json::out_of_range`
class `json::other_error`
`std::exception` &lt;|-- `json::exception`
`json::exception` &lt;|-- `json::parse_error`
`json::exception` &lt;|-- `json::invalid_iterator`
`json::exception` &lt;|-- `json::type_error`
`json::exception` &lt;|-- `json::out_of_range`
`json::exception` &lt;|-- `json::other_error`</code></pre> <h3 id=switch-off-exceptions>Switch off exceptions<a class=headerlink href=#switch-off-exceptions title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Exceptions are used widely within the library. They can, however, be switched off with either using the compiler flag <code>-fno-exceptions</code> or by defining the symbol <a href=../../api/macros/json_noexception/ ><code>JSON_NOEXCEPTION</code></a>. In this case, exceptions are replaced by <code>abort()</code> calls. You can further control this behavior by defining <code>JSON_THROW_USER</code> (overriding <code class=highlight><span class=k>throw</span></code>), <code>JSON_TRY_USER</code> (overriding <code class=highlight><span class=k>try</span></code>), and <code>JSON_CATCH_USER</code> (overriding <code class=highlight><span class=k>catch</span></code>).</p> <p>Note that <a href=../../api/macros/json_throw_user/ ><code>JSON_THROW_USER</code></a> should leave the current scope (e.g., by throwing or aborting), as continuing after it may yield undefined behavior.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: switch off exceptions and log errors before aborting</summary> <p>The code below switches off exceptions and creates a log entry with a detailed error message in case of errors.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_TRY_USER if(true)</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_CATCH_USER(exception) if(false)</span>
<span class=cp>#define JSON_THROW_USER(exception) \</span>
<span class=cp> {std::clog &lt;&lt; "Error in " &lt;&lt; __FILE__ &lt;&lt; ":" &lt;&lt; __LINE__ \</span>
<span class=cp> &lt;&lt; " (function " &lt;&lt; __FUNCTION__ &lt;&lt; ") - " \</span>
<span class=cp> &lt;&lt; (exception).what() &lt;&lt; std::endl; \</span>
<span class=cp> std::abort();}</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> <p>Note the explanatory <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception/what"><code>what()</code></a> string of exceptions is not available for <abbr title="Microsoft Visual C++">MSVC</abbr> if exceptions are disabled, see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/discussions/2824">#2824</a>.</p> <p>See <a href=../../api/macros/json_throw_user/ >documentation of <code>JSON_TRY_USER</code>, <code>JSON_CATCH_USER</code> and <code>JSON_THROW_USER</code></a> for more information.</p> <h3 id=extended-diagnostic-messages>Extended diagnostic messages<a class=headerlink href=#extended-diagnostic-messages title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Exceptions in the library are thrown in the local context of the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value they are detected. This makes detailed diagnostics messages, and hence debugging, difficult.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: standard diagnostic message</summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>][</span><span class=s>"street"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"Fake Street"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>][</span><span class=s>"housenumber"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"12"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>housenumber</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>][</span><span class=s>"housenumber"</span><span class=p>];</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>exception</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <p>This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value <code class=highlight><span class=s>"12"</span></code> and accessing it is further apart.</p> </details> <p>To create better diagnostics messages, each <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value needs a pointer to its parent value such that a global context (i.e., a path from the root value to the value that led to the exception) can be created. That global context is provided as <a href=../../features/json_pointer/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer</a>.</p> <p>As this global context comes at the price of storing one additional pointer per <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value and runtime overhead to maintain the parent relation, extended diagnostics are disabled by default. They can, however, be enabled by defining the preprocessor symbol <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ ><code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> to <code>1</code> before including <code>json.hpp</code>.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: extended diagnostic message with <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></summary> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp># define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 1</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>][</span><span class=s>"street"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"Fake Street"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>][</span><span class=s>"housenumber"</span><span class=p>]</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"12"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>housenumber</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s>"address"</span><span class=p>][</span><span class=s>"housenumber"</span><span class=p>];</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>exception</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] (/address/housenumber) type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <p>Now the exception message contains a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer <code>/address/housenumber</code> that indicates which value has the wrong type.</p> </details> <p>See <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ >documentation of <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> for more information.</p> <h2 id=parse-errors>Parse errors<a class=headerlink href=#parse-errors title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The library throws this exception when a parse error occurs. Parse errors can occur during the deserialization of <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, as well as when using <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 1xx.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Byte index</p> <p>Member <code>byte</code> holds the byte index of the last read character in the input file.</p> <p>For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and n+1 is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file. This also holds true when reading a byte vector (<abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> or MessagePack).</p> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch a <code>parse_error</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how a <code>parse_error</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// parsing input with a syntax error</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"[1,2,3,]"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>parse_error</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// output exception information</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"message: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"exception id: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"byte position of error: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=kt>byte</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>message: [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal
exception id: 101
byte position of error: 8
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error101>json.exception.parse_error.101<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>This error indicates a syntax error while deserializing a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text. The error message describes that an unexpected token (character) was encountered, and the member <code>byte</code> indicates the error position.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Input ended prematurely:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at 2: unexpected end of input; expected string literal
</code></pre></div> <p>No input:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 1: attempting to parse an empty input; check that your input string or stream contains the expected JSON
</code></pre></div> <p>Control character was not escaped:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: control character U+0009 (HT) must be escaped to \u0009 or \\; last read: '"&lt;U+0009&gt;'"
</code></pre></div> <p>String was not closed:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 2: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: missing closing quote; last read: '"'
</code></pre></div> <p>Invalid number format:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 3: syntax error while parsing value - invalid number; expected '+', '-', or digit after exponent; last read: '1E'
</code></pre></div> <p><code>\u</code> was not be followed by four hex digits:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '"\u01"'
</code></pre></div> <p>Invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 surrogate pair:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '"\uD7FF\uDC00'"
</code></pre></div> <p>Invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 byte:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 3, column 24: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte; last read: '"vous \352t'
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <ul> <li>Make sure the input is correctly read. Try to write the input to standard output to check if, for instance, the input file was successfully opened.</li> <li>Paste the input to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> validator like <a href="http://jsonlint.com">http://jsonlint.com</a> or a tool like <a href="https://stedolan.github.io/jq/">jq</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error102>json.exception.parse_error.102<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error102 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> uses the <code>\uxxxx</code> format to describe Unicode characters. Code points above 0xFFFF are split into two <code>\uxxxx</code> entries ("surrogate pairs"). This error indicates that the surrogate pair is incomplete or contains an invalid code point.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>parse error at 14: missing or wrong low surrogate
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception is not used any more. Instead <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101>json.exception.parse_error.101</a> with a more detailed description is used.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error103>json.exception.parse_error.103<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error103 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Unicode supports code points up to 0x10FFFF. Code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>parse error: code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception is not used any more. Instead <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101>json.exception.parse_error.101</a> with a more detailed description is used.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error104>json.exception.parse_error.104<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error104 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6902</a> requires a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch document to be a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> document that represents an array of objects.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.104] parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error105>json.exception.parse_error.105<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error105 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>An operation of a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch document must contain exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform. Its value must be one of "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or "test"; other values are errors.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'add' must have member 'value'
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'copy' must have string member 'from'
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation value 'foo' is invalid
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error106>json.exception.parse_error.106<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error106 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>An array index in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer (<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6901</a>) may be <code>0</code> or any number without a leading <code>0</code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error107>json.exception.parse_error.107<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error107 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer must be a Unicode string containing a sequence of zero or more reference tokens, each prefixed by a <code>/</code> character.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.107] parse error at byte 1: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error108>json.exception.parse_error.108<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error108 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>In a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer, only <code>~0</code> and <code>~1</code> are valid escape sequences.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error109>json.exception.parse_error.109<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error109 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer array index must be a number.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error110>json.exception.parse_error.110<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error110 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>When parsing a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a>, the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: expected end of input; last byte: 0x5A
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing BSON number: unexpected end of input
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error112>json.exception.parse_error.112<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error112 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>An unexpected byte was read in a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a> or length information is invalid (<a href=../../features/binary_formats/bson/ ><abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr></a>).</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: invalid byte: 0x1C
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: invalid byte: 0xC1
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing BJData size: expected '#' after type information; last byte: 0x02
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing UBJSON size: expected '#' after type information; last byte: 0x02
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 10: syntax error while parsing BSON string: string length must be at least 1, is -2147483648
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 15: syntax error while parsing BSON binary: byte array length cannot be negative, is -1
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing BSON document: document size 6 does not match the number of bytes read (5)
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error113>json.exception.parse_error.113<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error113 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A string could not be read from a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a>: either a value that is not a string was read where one was required (for instance as a map key), the string's length specification is invalid, or the string's bytes are not valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 and the <code>error_handler</code> parameter of the corresponding <code>from_*</code> function is set to <code>strict</code>. By default (<code>error_handler_t::keep</code>), the bytes of a string are not checked for valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 on read; see the ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 notes on the individual <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a> pages for how such a string is handled depending on <code>error_handler</code>.</p> <p><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> and MessagePack allow map keys of any type, but <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object keys are always strings. Maps with keys of any other type (for instance integers or <code>null</code>) are therefore not supported; see the notes on <a href=../../features/binary_formats/cbor/ ><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr></a> and <a href=../../features/binary_formats/messagepack/ >MessagePack</a>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR object key: only string keys are supported, but found an unsigned integer; last byte: 0x01
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing MessagePack object key: only string keys are supported, but found nil; last byte: 0xC0
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: expected length specification (0x60-0x7B) or indefinite string type (0x7F); last byte: 0x7C
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON char: byte after 'C' must be in range 0x00..0x7F; last byte: 0x82
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing BJData string: string length must not be negative
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error114>json.exception.parse_error.114<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error114 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The parsing of the corresponding <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> record type is not implemented (yet).</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.114] parse error at byte 5: Unsupported BSON record type 0xFF
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error115>json.exception.parse_error.115<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error115 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr> high-precision number could not be parsed.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.115] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing UBJSON high-precision number: invalid number text: 1A
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=iterator-errors>Iterator errors<a class=headerlink href=#iterator-errors title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>This exception is thrown if iterators passed to a library function do not match the expected semantics.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 2xx.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch an <code>invalid_iterator</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how an <code>invalid_iterator</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// calling iterator::key() on non-object iterator</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"string"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>iterator</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>it</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>begin</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>k</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>it</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>key</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>invalid_iterator</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// output exception information</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"message: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"exception id: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>message: [json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators
exception id: 207
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator201>json.exception.invalid_iterator.201<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator201 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The iterators passed to constructor <code>basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last)</code> are not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (<code>first</code>, <code>last</code>) is invalid.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.201] iterators are not compatible
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202>json.exception.invalid_iterator.202<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator202 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>In the <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ >erase</a> or <a href=../../api/basic_json/insert/ >insert</a> function, the passed iterator <code>pos</code> does not belong to the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value for which the function was called. It hence does not define a valid position for the deletion/insertion.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterator does not fit current value
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] iterators first and last must point to objects
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator203>json.exception.invalid_iterator.203<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator203 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Either iterator passed to function <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ ><code>erase(IteratorType first, IteratorType last</code>)</a> does not belong to the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value from which values shall be erased. It hence does not define a valid range to delete values from.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.203] iterators do not fit current value
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204>json.exception.invalid_iterator.204<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator204 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>When an iterator range for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to a constructor or an <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ >erase</a> function, this range has to be exactly (<code>begin(),</code> <code>end()),</code> because this is the only way the single stored value is expressed. All other ranges are invalid.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.204] iterators out of range
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator205>json.exception.invalid_iterator.205<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator205 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>When an iterator for a primitive type (number, boolean, or string) is passed to an <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ >erase</a> function, the iterator has to be the <a href=../../api/basic_json/begin/ ><code>begin()</code></a> iterator, because it is the only way to address the stored value. All other iterators are invalid.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.205] iterator out of range
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206>json.exception.invalid_iterator.206<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator206 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The iterators passed to constructor <code>basic_json(InputIT first, InputIT last)</code> belong to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> null value and hence to not define a valid range.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.206] cannot construct with iterators from null
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207>json.exception.invalid_iterator.207<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <code>key()</code> member function can only be used on iterators belonging to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object, because other types do not have a concept of a key.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator208>json.exception.invalid_iterator.208<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator208 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <code>operator[]</code> to specify a concrete offset cannot be used on iterators belonging to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object, because <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> objects are unordered.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.208] cannot use operator[] for object iterators
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator209>json.exception.invalid_iterator.209<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator209 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The offset operators (<code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>+=</code>, <code>-=</code>) cannot be used on iterators belonging to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object, because <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> objects are unordered.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.209] cannot use offsets with object iterators
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210>json.exception.invalid_iterator.210<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator210 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The iterator range passed to the insert function is not compatible, meaning they do not belong to the same container. Therefore, the range (<code>first</code>, <code>last</code>) is invalid.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.210] iterators do not fit
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator211>json.exception.invalid_iterator.211<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator211 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The iterator range passed to the insert function must not be a subrange of the container to insert to.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.211] passed iterators may not belong to container
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator212>json.exception.invalid_iterator.212<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator212 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>When two iterators are compared, they must belong to the same container.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator213>json.exception.invalid_iterator.213<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator213 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The order of object iterators cannot be compared, because <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> objects are unordered.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.213] cannot compare order of object iterators
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214>json.exception.invalid_iterator.214<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Cannot retrieve value from iterator: The iterator either refers to a null value, or it refers to a primitive type (number, boolean, or string), but does not match the iterator returned by <a href=../../api/basic_json/begin/ ><code>begin()</code></a>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=type-errors>Type errors<a class=headerlink href=#type-errors title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>This exception is thrown in case of a type error; that is, a library function is executed on a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value whose type does not match the expected semantics.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 3xx.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch a <code>type_error</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how a <code>type_error</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// calling push_back() on a string value</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"string"</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>push_back</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s>"another string"</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>type_error</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// output exception information</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"message: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"exception id: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>message: [json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with string
exception id: 308
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error301>json.exception.type_error.301<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error301 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>To create an object from an initializer list, the initializer list must consist only of a list of pairs whose first element is a string. When this constraint is violated, an array is created instead.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.301] cannot create object from initializer list
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error302>json.exception.type_error.302<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error302 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>During implicit or explicit value conversion, the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> type must be compatible with the target type. For instance, a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> string can only be converted into string types, but not into numbers or boolean types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be object, but is null
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is object
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <p>This exception is also thrown with <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_objects_for_enum_keyed_maps/ ><code>JSON_USE_OBJECTS_FOR_ENUM_KEYED_MAPS</code></a> if a key of a map with enum keys is not converted to a string, for instance, because the enum is stored as an integer.</p> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error303>json.exception.type_error.303<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error303 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>To retrieve a reference to a value stored in a <code>basic_json</code> object with <code>get_ref</code>, the type of the reference must match the value type. For instance, for a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> array, the <code>ReferenceType</code> must be <code>array_t &amp;</code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is object
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.303] incompatible ReferenceType for get_ref, actual type is number"
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error304>json.exception.type_error.304<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error304 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/at/ ><code>at()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with string
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.304] cannot use at() with number
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error305>json.exception.type_error.305<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error305 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%5B%5D/ ><code>operator[]</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error306>json.exception.type_error.306<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error306 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/value/ ><code>value()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.306] cannot use value() with number
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error307>json.exception.type_error.307<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error307 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/erase/ ><code>erase()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with string
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error308>json.exception.type_error.308<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error308 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/push_back/ ><code>push_back()</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/operator%2B%3D/ ><code>operator+=</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with string
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error309>json.exception.type_error.309<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error309 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/insert/ ><code>insert()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with array
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error310>json.exception.type_error.310<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error310 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/swap/ ><code>swap()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.310] cannot use swap() with number
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error311>json.exception.type_error.311<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error311 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace/ ><code>emplace()</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/emplace_back/ ><code>emplace_back()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.311] cannot use emplace() with number
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.311] cannot use emplace_back() with number
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error312>json.exception.type_error.312<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error312 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/update/ ><code>update()</code></a> member functions can only be executed for certain <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> types.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.312] cannot use update() with array
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error313>json.exception.type_error.313<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error313 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/unflatten/ ><code>unflatten()</code></a> function converts an object whose keys are <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointers back into an arbitrary nested <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value. The <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointers must not overlap, because then the resulting value would not be well-defined.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.313] invalid value to unflatten
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error314>json.exception.type_error.314<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error314 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/unflatten/ ><code>unflatten()</code></a> function only works for an object whose keys are <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointers.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Calling <code>unflatten()</code> on an array <code class=highlight><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>]</span></code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.314] only objects can be unflattened
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error315>json.exception.type_error.315<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error315 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/unflatten/ ><code>unflatten()</code></a> function only works for an object whose keys are <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointers and whose values are primitive.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Calling <code>unflatten()</code> on an object <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=s2>"/1"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>]}</span></code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.315] values in object must be primitive
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error316>json.exception.type_error.316<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error316 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <a href=../../api/basic_json/dump/ ><code>dump()</code></a> function only works with <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 encoded strings; that is, if you assign a <code>std::string</code> to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value, make sure it is <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 encoded. See the <abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> entry on <a href=../faq/#serializing-untrusted-or-invalid-utf-8>serializing untrusted or invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8</a> for background and the recommended fix.</p> <p>The binary writers <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_cbor/ ><code>to_cbor()</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ ><code>to_ubjson()</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bjdata/ ><code>to_bjdata()</code></a>, and <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bson/ ><code>to_bson()</code></a> throw this exception as well for a string value or object key that is not valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 if their <code>error_handler</code> is <code>strict</code> (the default if <a href=../../api/macros/json_strict_binary_utf8/ ><code>JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8</code></a> is enabled). So does <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_msgpack/ ><code>to_msgpack()</code></a> if <code>error_handler_t::strict</code> is passed.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Calling <code>dump()</code> on a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value containing an <abbr title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr> 8859-1 encoded string: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.316] invalid UTF-8 byte at index 15: 0x6F
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <ul> <li>Store the source file with <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 encoding.</li> <li>Pass an error handler as last parameter to the <code>dump()</code> function to avoid this exception:<ul> <li><code>json::error_handler_t::replace</code> will replace invalid bytes sequences with <code>U+FFFD</code> </li> <li><code>json::error_handler_t::ignore</code> will silently ignore invalid byte sequences</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error317>json.exception.type_error.317<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error317 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The dynamic type of the object cannot be represented in the requested serialization format (e.g., a raw <code>true</code> or <code>null</code> <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object cannot be serialized to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>)</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p>Serializing <code class=highlight><span class=kc>null</span></code> to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is null
</code></pre></div> Serializing <code class=highlight><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>]</span></code> to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is array
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <p>Encapsulate the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value in an object. That is, instead of serializing <code class=highlight><span class=kc>true</span></code>, serialize <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"value"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>}</span></code></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error318>json.exception.type_error.318<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error318 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>With <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_objects_for_enum_keyed_maps/ ><code>JSON_USE_OBJECTS_FOR_ENUM_KEYED_MAPS</code></a>, a map with enum keys is stored as an object. This exception is thrown if two of its keys are converted to the same string, so one of the entries would be lost. This happens, for instance, if <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> does not list an enumerator and it is therefore converted like the first listed one.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.318] duplicate object key 'red'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h2 id=out-of-range>Out of range<a class=headerlink href=#out-of-range title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input parameter that exceeds the expected range, for instance, in the case of array indices or nonexisting object keys.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 4xx.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch an <code>out_of_range</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how an <code>out_of_range</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// calling at() for an invalid index</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>4</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>at</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>4</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>10</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>out_of_range</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// output exception information</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"message: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"exception id: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>message: [json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 4 is out of range
exception id: 401
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range401>json.exception.out_of_range.401<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range401 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The provided array index <code>i</code> is larger than <code>size-1</code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>array index 3 is out of range
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range402>json.exception.out_of_range.402<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range402 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The special array index <code>-</code> in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer never describes a valid element of the array, but the index past the end. That is, it can only be used to add elements at this position, but not to read it.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>array index '-' (3) is out of range
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range403>json.exception.out_of_range.403<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range403 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The provided key was not found in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>key 'foo' not found
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range404>json.exception.out_of_range.404<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A reference token in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer could not be resolved.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>unresolved reference token 'foo'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range405>json.exception.out_of_range.405<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range405 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch operations 'remove' and 'add' cannot be applied to the root element of the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>JSON pointer has no parent
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range406>json.exception.out_of_range.406<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range406 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A parsed number could not be stored without changing it to <abbr title="Not a Number">NaN</abbr> or INF. For the binary formats, this happens when a finite floating-point number does not fit into <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_float_t/ ><code>number_float_t</code></a>, for example a double-precision number when <code>number_float_t</code> is <code class=highlight><span class=kt>float</span></code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>number overflow parsing '10E1000'
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.out_of_range.406] syntax error while parsing CBOR value: number overflow
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range407>json.exception.out_of_range.407<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range407 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>This exception previously indicated that the <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr> and <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> binary formats did not support integer numbers greater than 9223372036854775807 due to limitations in the implemented mapping. However, these limitations have since been resolved, and this exception no longer occurs.</p> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Exception cannot occur any more</p> <ul> <li>Since version 3.9.0, integer numbers beyond int64 are serialized as high-precision <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr> numbers.</li> <li>Since version 3.12.0, integer numbers beyond int64 are serialized as uint64 <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> numbers.</li> </ul> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range408>json.exception.out_of_range.408<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range408 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The size of an array or object in a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a> exceeds the maximal capacity: the size following <code>#</code> for <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ubjson/ ><abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr></a>/<a href=../../features/binary_formats/bjdata/ ><abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr></a>, or the encoded length for <a href=../../features/binary_formats/cbor/ ><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr></a>.</p> <p>The exception is also thrown for a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ubjson/ ><abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr></a> array of a type that is encoded by its marker alone (<code>Z</code>, <code>T</code> or <code>F</code>) whose declared count exceeds 1,048,576 (<code>1 &lt;&lt; 20</code>). Such an array has no payload, so its count alone decides how much memory is allocated, and a handful of bytes would otherwise describe billions of values. <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ ><code>to_ubjson</code></a> writes longer arrays of these types without the size and type annotation, so any value it produces can still be read back.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>excessive array size: 8658170730974374167
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.out_of_range.408] syntax error while parsing CBOR size: excessive array size
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.out_of_range.408] syntax error while parsing CBOR size: excessive map size
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.out_of_range.408] syntax error while parsing UBJSON size: excessive array size
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range409>json.exception.out_of_range.409<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range409 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Key identifiers to be serialized to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> cannot contain code point U+0000, since the key is stored as zero-terminated c-string.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>BSON key cannot contain code point U+0000 (at byte 2)
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range410>json.exception.out_of_range.410<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range410 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>This exception is thrown when an undefined value is used with <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum_strict/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT</code></a>, or when an array index in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> pointer exceeds the range of <code>size_type</code> (e.g., on 32-bit platforms).</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>enum value out of range
array index 18446744073709551616 exceeds size_type
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range411>json.exception.out_of_range.411<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range411 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch <code>add</code> operation cannot be applied because the target location's parent is neither an object nor an array. Per <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6902"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6902</a>, an <code>add</code> target must reference a member of an existing object or an element of an existing array; a primitive value (string, number, boolean, etc.) cannot receive a new member or element.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>cannot add value: the JSON Patch 'add' target's parent is of type string, but must be an object or array
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, this situation hit an internal assertion (aborting the program in debug builds) or was silently ignored when assertions were disabled.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range412>json.exception.out_of_range.412<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range412 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> stores the length of documents, arrays, strings, and binary values in a signed 32-bit integer, and MessagePack stores the length of strings, binary values, arrays, and objects in at most an unsigned 32-bit integer. This exception is thrown when a value is too large to be described by such a length field.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>BSON length 2147483661 exceeds maximum of 2147483647
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>MessagePack length 4294967296 exceeds maximum of 4294967295
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, the <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> length was silently truncated, and <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bson/ ><code>to_bson</code></a> produced documents with negative length prefixes that <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_bson/ ><code>from_bson</code></a> rejected; <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_msgpack/ ><code>to_msgpack</code></a> wrote such a value without any length, producing output that could not be read back.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range413>json.exception.out_of_range.413<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range413 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch <code>remove</code> operation cannot be applied because the target location's parent is neither an object nor an array. Per <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6902"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6902</a>, a <code>remove</code> target must reference a member of an existing object or an element of an existing array; a primitive value (string, number, boolean, etc.) or <code>null</code> has no members or elements to remove.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>cannot remove value: the JSON Patch 'remove' target's parent is of type number, but must be an object or array
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, this situation was silently ignored (the <code>remove</code> operation had no effect).</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range414>json.exception.out_of_range.414<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range414 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch <code>move</code> operation's <code>"from"</code> location is a proper prefix of its <code>"path"</code> location. Per <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6902"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6902</a> (section 4.4), a location cannot be moved into one of its own children.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>cannot move value: 'from' path '/0' is a proper prefix of 'path' '/0/0'
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, this situation could succeed with a corrupted result: for an array target, removing the "from" element before the "add" step shifted subsequent indices, so "path" silently re-resolved to a different element than intended.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range415>json.exception.out_of_range.415<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range415 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>MessagePack's ext type and <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>'s binary subtype are each stored in a single byte. This exception is thrown when serializing a <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/ ><code>byte_container_with_subtype</code></a> whose subtype exceeds 255.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.out_of_range.415] subtype 70000 is too large for the MessagePack ext type (max 255)
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, subtypes above 255 were silently truncated modulo 256 instead of raising an error.</p> </div> <h2 id=further-exceptions>Further exceptions<a class=headerlink href=#further-exceptions title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>This exception is thrown in case of errors that cannot be classified with the other exception types.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 5xx.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch an <code>other_error</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how an <code>other_error</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>namespace</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nn>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=nn>literals</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>main</span><span class=p>()</span>
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>try</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// executing a failing JSON Patch operation</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>{</span>
<span class=s> "best_biscuit": {</span>
<span class=s> "name": "Oreo"</span>
<span class=s> }</span>
<span class=s> }</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=n>_json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>patch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sa>R</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=dl>(</span><span class=s>[{</span>
<span class=s> "op": "test",</span>
<span class=s> "path": "/best_biscuit/name",</span>
<span class=s> "value": "Choco Leibniz"</span>
<span class=s> }]</span><span class=dl>)</span><span class=s>"</span><span class=n>_json</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>value</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>patch</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>patch</span><span class=p>);</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=k>catch</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>other_error</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>)</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// output exception information</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>cout</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"message: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>what</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=sc>'\n'</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"exception id: "</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>e</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&lt;&lt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>endl</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>message: [json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/best_biscuit/name","value":"Choco Leibniz"}
exception id: 501
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptionother_error501>json.exception.other_error.501<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionother_error501 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch operation 'test' failed. The unsuccessful operation is also printed.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Executing <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"op"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=s2>"test"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"path"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=s2>"/baz"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"value"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=s2>"bar"</span><span class=p>}</span></code> on <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"baz"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"qux"</span><span class=p>}</span></code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/baz","value":"bar"}
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionother_error502>json.exception.other_error.502<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionother_error502 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><a href=../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ ><code>to_ubjson</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bjdata/ ><code>to_bjdata</code></a> were called with <code>use_type = true</code> but <code>use_size = false</code>. <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr> requires a size marker (<code>#</code>) after a type marker (<code>$</code>).</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.other_error.502] use_type requires use_size = true
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, debug builds aborted on an assertion and release builds wrote a <code>$</code> marker without <code>#</code>, which <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a> then rejected.</p> </div> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 4, 2026 15:54:05 UTC">October 4, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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