Merge branch 'release/3.8.0' into develop

Improve parse_ubjson_fuzzer

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+version: 2
+jobs:
+  build_stable:
+    docker:
+      - image: debian:stretch
+
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - run:
+          name: Install required tools
+          command: 'apt-get update && apt-get install -y gcc g++ git cmake'
+      - run:
+          name: Run CMake
+          command: 'mkdir build ; cd build ; cmake .. -DJSON_BuildTests=On'
+      - run:
+          name: Compile
+          command: 'cmake --build build'
+      - run:
+          name: Execute test suite
+          command: 'cd build ; ctest --output-on-failure -j 2'
+
+  build_bleeding_edge:
+    docker:
+      - image: archlinux
+
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - run:
+          name: Install required tools
+          command: 'pacman -Sy --noconfirm base base-devel gcc git cmake'
+      - run:
+          name: Run CMake
+          command: 'mkdir build ; cd build ; cmake .. -DJSON_BuildTests=On'
+      - run:
+          name: Compile
+          command: 'cmake --build build'
+      - run:
+          name: Execute test suite
+          command: 'cd build ; ctest --output-on-failure -j 2'
+
+workflows:
+  version: 2
+  build_and_test_all:
+    jobs:
+      - build_stable
+      - build_bleeding_edge

.clang-tidy

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Checks: '-*,
+         bugprone-*,
+         cert-*,
+         clang-analyzer-*,
+         google-*,
+         -google-runtime-references,
+         -google-explicit-constructor,
+         hicpp-*,
+         -hicpp-no-array-decay,
+         -hicpp-uppercase-literal-suffix,
+         -hicpp-explicit-conversions,
+         misc-*,
+         -misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,
+         llvm-*,
+         -llvm-header-guard,
+         modernize-*,
+         -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
+         performance-*,
+         portability-*,
+         readability-*,
+         -readability-magic-numbers,
+         -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix'
+
+CheckOptions:
+  - key: hicpp-special-member-functions.AllowSoleDefaultDtor
+    value: 1

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# JSON for Modern C++ has been originally written by Niels Lohmann.
+# Since 2013 over 140 contributors have helped to improve the library.
+# This CODEOWNERS file is only to make sure that @nlohmann is requested
+# for a code review in case of a pull request.
+
+* @nlohmann

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 This project started as a little excuse to exercise some of the cool new C++11 features. Over time, people actually started to use the JSON library (yey!) and started to help improve it by proposing features, finding bugs, or even fixing my mistakes. I am really [thankful](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/README.md#thanks) for this and try to keep track of all the helpers.
 
-To make it as easy as possible for you to contribute and for me to keep an overview, here are a few guidelines which should help us avoid all kinds of unnecessary work or disappointment. And of course, this document is subject to discussion, so please [create an issue](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new) or a pull request if you find a way to improve it!
+To make it as easy as possible for you to contribute and for me to keep an overview, here are a few guidelines which should help us avoid all kinds of unnecessary work or disappointment. And of course, this document is subject to discussion, so please [create an issue](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose) or a pull request if you find a way to improve it!
 
 ## Private reports
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Usually, all issues are tracked publicly on [GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-Please [create an issue](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new), assuming one does not already exist, and describe your concern. Note you need a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free) for this.
+Please [create an issue](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose), assuming one does not already exist, and describe your concern. Note you need a [GitHub account](https://github.com/signup/free) for this.
 
 ## Describe your issue
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Clearly describe the issue:
 - If you propose a change or addition, try to give an **example** how the improved code could look like or how to use it.
 - If you found a compilation error, please tell us which **compiler** (version and operating system) you used and paste the (relevant part of) the error messages to the ticket.
 
-Please stick to the [issue template](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md) if possible.
+Please stick to the provided issue templates ([bug report](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md), [feature request](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Feature_request.md), or [question](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md)) if possible.
 
 ## Files to change
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ To make changes, you need to edit the following files:
 
 1. [`include/nlohmann/*`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann) - These files are the sources of the library. Before testing or creating a pull request, execute `make amalgamate` to regenerate `single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp`.
 
-2. [`test/src/unit-*.cpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) - These files contain the [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) unit tests which currently cover [100 %](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) of the library's code.
+2. [`test/src/unit-*.cpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) - These files contain the [doctest](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest) unit tests which currently cover [100 %](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json) of the library's code.
 
    If you add or change a feature, please also add a unit test to this file. The unit tests can be compiled and executed with
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ To make changes, you need to edit the following files:
 
 - The C++11 support varies between different **compilers** and versions. Please note the [list of supported compilers](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/README.md#supported-compilers). Some compilers like GCC 4.7 (and earlier), Clang 3.3 (and earlier), or Microsoft Visual Studio 13.0 and earlier are known not to work due to missing or incomplete C++11 support. Please refrain from proposing changes that work around these compiler's limitations with `#ifdef`s or other means.
 - Specifically, I am aware of compilation problems with **Microsoft Visual Studio** (there even is an [issue label](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?utf8=✓&q=label%3A%22visual+studio%22+) for these kind of bugs). I understand that even in 2016, complete C++11 support isn't there yet. But please also understand that I do not want to drop features or uglify the code just to make Microsoft's sub-standard compiler happy. The past has shown that there are ways to express the functionality such that the code compiles with the most recent MSVC - unfortunately, this is not the main objective of the project.
-- Please refrain from proposing changes that would **break [JSON](http://json.org) conformance**. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
+- Please refrain from proposing changes that would **break [JSON](https://json.org) conformance**. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
   - We shall not extend the library to **support comments**. There is quite some [controversy](https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/4v6chu/why_json_doesnt_support_comments_douglas_crockford/) around this topic, and there were quite some [issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/376) on this. We believe that JSON is fine without comments.
   - We do not preserve the **insertion order of object elements**. The [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs". To this end, this library does not preserve insertion order of name/value pairs. (In fact, keys will be traversed in alphabetical order as `std::map` with `std::less` is used by default.) Note this behavior conforms to the standard, and we shall not change it to any other order. If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can specialize the object type with containers like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map).
 
@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ To make changes, you need to edit the following files:
 
 The following areas really need contribution:
 
-- Extending the **continuous integration** toward more exotic compilers such as Android NDK, Intel's Compiler, or the bleeding-edge versions of GCC or Clang.
+- Extending the **continuous integration** toward more exotic compilers such as Android NDK, Intel's Compiler, or the bleeding-edge versions Clang.
 - Improving the efficiency of the **JSON parser**. The current parser is implemented as a naive recursive descent parser with hand coded string handling. More sophisticated approaches like LALR parsers would be really appreciated. That said, parser generators like Bison or ANTLR do not play nice with single-header files -- I really would like to keep the parser inside the `json.hpp` header, and I am not aware of approaches similar to [`re2c`](http://re2c.org) for parsing.
 - Extending and updating existing **benchmarks** to include (the most recent version of) this library. Though efficiency is not everything, speed and memory consumption are very important characteristics for C++ developers, so having proper comparisons would be interesting.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+github: nlohmann
+custom: http://paypal.me/nlohmann

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug_report.md

@@ -1,19 +1,57 @@
----
-name: Bug report
-about: Create a report to help us improve
-
----
-
-- What is the issue you have?
-
-- Please describe the steps to reproduce the issue. Can you provide a small but working code example?
-
-- What is the expected behavior?
-
-- And what is the actual behavior instead?
-
-- Which compiler and operating system are you using? Is it a [supported compiler](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers)?
-
-- Did you use a released version of the library or the version from the `develop` branch?
-
-- If you experience a compilation error: can you [compile and run the unit tests](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#execute-unit-tests)?
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: ''
+labels: 'kind: bug'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!-- Provide a concise summary of the issue in the title above. -->
+
+#### What is the issue you have?
+
+<!-- Provide a detailed introduction to the issue itself, and why you consider it to be a bug. -->
+<!-- If possible, be specific and add stack traces, error messages, etc. Avoid vague terms like "crash" or "doesn't work". -->
+
+#### Please describe the steps to reproduce the issue.
+
+<!-- Provide a link to a live example, or an unambiguous set of steps to -->
+<!-- reproduce this bug. Include code to reproduce, if relevant -->
+
+1.
+2.
+3.
+
+#### Can you provide a small but working code example?
+
+<!-- Please understand that we cannot analyze and debug large code bases. -->
+
+#### What is the expected behavior?
+
+<!-- Tell us what should happen -->
+
+#### And what is the actual behavior instead?
+
+<!-- Tell us what happens instead. -->
+
+#### Which compiler and operating system are you using?
+
+<!-- Include as many relevant details about the environment you experienced the bug in. -->
+<!-- Make sure you use a supported compiler, see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers. -->
+
+- Compiler: ___
+- Operating system: ___
+
+#### Which version of the library did you use?
+
+<!-- Please add an `x` to the respective line. -->
+
+- [ ] latest release version 3.7.3
+- [ ] other release - please state the version: ___
+- [ ] the `develop` branch
+
+#### If you experience a compilation error: can you [compile and run the unit tests](https://github.com/nlohmann/json#execute-unit-tests)?
+
+- [ ] yes
+- [ ] no - please copy/paste the error message below

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Feature_request.md

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
----
-name: Feature request
-about: Suggest an idea for this project
-
----
-
-- Describe the feature in as much detail as possible.
-
-- Include sample usage where appropriate.
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: ''
+labels: 'kind: enhancement/improvement'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+#### Which feature do you want to see in the library?
+
+<!-- Describe the feature in as much detail as possible. -->
+
+#### How would the feature be usable for other users?
+
+<!-- Include sample usage where appropriate. -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+name: Question
+about: Ask a question regarding the library.
+title: ''
+labels: 'kind: question'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!-- Provide a concise summary of the issue in the title above. -->
+
+#### What do you want to achieve?
+
+<!-- Please describe the feature as detailed as possible. -->
+
+#### What have you tried?
+
+<!-- There are thousands of issues to search: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?q=is%3Aissue+ -->
+<!-- There is a full documentation of the API: https://nlohmann.github.io/json/ -->
+<!-- There is a detailed README file: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/README.md -->
+
+#### Can you provide a small code example?
+
+<!-- Please understand that we cannot analyze and debug large code bases. -->
+
+#### Which compiler and operating system are you using?
+
+<!-- Include as many relevant details about the environment you experienced the bug in. -->
+<!-- Make sure you use a supported compiler, see https://github.com/nlohmann/json#supported-compilers. -->
+
+- Compiler: ___
+- Operating system: ___
+
+#### Which version of the library did you use?
+
+<!-- Please add an `x` to the respective line. -->
+
+- [ ] latest release version 3.7.3
+- [ ] other release - please state the version: ___
+- [ ] the `develop` branch

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ Read the [Contribution Guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop
 
 - The C++11 support varies between different **compilers** and versions. Please note the [list of supported compilers](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/README.md#supported-compilers). Some compilers like GCC 4.7 (and earlier), Clang 3.3 (and earlier), or Microsoft Visual Studio 13.0 and earlier are known not to work due to missing or incomplete C++11 support. Please refrain from proposing changes that work around these compiler's limitations with `#ifdef`s or other means.
 - Specifically, I am aware of compilation problems with **Microsoft Visual Studio** (there even is an [issue label](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?utf8=✓&q=label%3A%22visual+studio%22+) for these kind of bugs). I understand that even in 2016, complete C++11 support isn't there yet. But please also understand that I do not want to drop features or uglify the code just to make Microsoft's sub-standard compiler happy. The past has shown that there are ways to express the functionality such that the code compiles with the most recent MSVC - unfortunately, this is not the main objective of the project.
-- Please refrain from proposing changes that would **break [JSON](http://json.org) conformance**. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
+- Please refrain from proposing changes that would **break [JSON](https://json.org) conformance**. If you propose a conformant extension of JSON to be supported by the library, please motivate this extension.
 - Please do not open pull requests that address **multiple issues**.

.github/SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Usually, all issues are tracked publicly on [GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues). If you want to make a private report (e.g., for a vulnerability or to attach an example that is not meant to be published), please send an email to <mail@nlohmann.me>. You can use [this key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc?fingerprint=797167ae41c0a6d9232e48457f3cea63ae251b69) for encryption.

.github/workflows/macos.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: macOS
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 --output-on-failure

.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Ubuntu
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 --output-on-failure

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Windows
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+    - name: cmake
+      run: cmake -S . -B build -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
+    - name: test
+      run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure

.gitignore

@@ -18,7 +18,17 @@ me.nlohmann.json.docset
 
 benchmarks/files/numbers/*.json
 
+.wsjcpp-logs/*
+.wsjcpp/*
+
 .idea
 cmake-build-debug
 
 test/test-*
+/.vs
+
+doc/mkdocs/venv/
+doc/mkdocs/docs/images
+doc/mkdocs/docs/examples
+doc/mkdocs/site
+doc/mkdocs/docs/__pycache__/

.travis.yml

@@ -43,12 +43,15 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     compiler: clang
     env:
-      - COMPILER=clang++-5.0
+      - COMPILER=clang++-7
       - CMAKE_OPTIONS=-DJSON_Sanitizer=ON
+      - UBSAN_OPTIONS=print_stacktrace=1,suppressions=$(pwd)/test/src/UBSAN.supp
     addons:
       apt:
-        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0']
-        packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-5.0', 'ninja-build']
+        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-trusty-7']
+        packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-7', 'ninja-build']
+    before_script:
+      - export PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/llvm-7/bin
 
   # cppcheck
   - os: linux
@@ -92,16 +95,17 @@ matrix:
 
   - os: linux
     compiler: gcc
+    dist: bionic
     addons:
       apt:
         sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-        packages: ['g++-4.9', 'ninja-build']
+        packages: ['g++-7', 'ninja-build']
     before_script:
       - pip install --user cpp-coveralls
     after_success:
-      - coveralls --build-root test --include include/nlohmann --gcov 'gcov-4.9' --gcov-options '\-lp'
+      - coveralls --build-root test --include include/nlohmann --gcov 'gcov-7' --gcov-options '\-lp'
     env:
-      - COMPILER=g++-4.9
+      - COMPILER=g++-7
       - CMAKE_OPTIONS=-DJSON_Coverage=ON
       - MULTIPLE_HEADERS=ON
 
@@ -128,33 +132,6 @@ matrix:
 
   # OSX / Clang
 
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode6.4
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode7.3
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode8
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode8.1
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode8.2
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode8.3
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode9
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode9.1
-
-  - os: osx
-    osx_image: xcode9.2
-
   - os: osx
     osx_image: xcode9.3
 
@@ -164,11 +141,20 @@ matrix:
   - os: osx
     osx_image: xcode10
 
+  - os: osx
+    osx_image: xcode10.1
+
+  - os: osx
+    osx_image: xcode10.2
+
+  - os: osx
+    osx_image: xcode11.2
+
   # Linux / GCC
 
   - os: linux
     compiler: gcc
-    env: compiler=g++-4.8
+    env: COMPILER=g++-4.8
     addons:
       apt:
         sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
@@ -176,7 +162,7 @@ matrix:
 
   - os: linux
     compiler: gcc
-    env: compiler=g++-4.9
+    env: COMPILER=g++-4.9
     addons:
       apt:
         sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
@@ -216,13 +202,21 @@ matrix:
 
   - os: linux
     compiler: gcc
-    env:
-      - COMPILER=g++-8
-      - CXXFLAGS=-std=c++17
+    env: COMPILER=g++-9
     addons:
       apt:
         sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-        packages: ['g++-8', 'ninja-build']
+        packages: ['g++-9', 'ninja-build']
+
+  - os: linux
+    compiler: gcc
+    env:
+      - COMPILER=g++-9
+      - CXXFLAGS=-std=c++2a
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
+        packages: ['g++-9', 'ninja-build']
 
   # Linux / Clang
 
@@ -290,15 +284,23 @@ matrix:
         sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-trusty-6.0']
         packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-6.0', 'ninja-build']
 
+  - os: linux
+    compiler: clang
+    env: COMPILER=clang++-7
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-trusty-7']
+        packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-7', 'ninja-build']
+
   - os: linux
     compiler: clang
     env:
-      - COMPILER=clang++-6.0
+      - COMPILER=clang++-7
       - CXXFLAGS=-std=c++1z
     addons:
       apt:
-        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-trusty-6.0']
-        packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-6.0', 'ninja-build']
+        sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test', 'llvm-toolchain-trusty-7']
+        packages: ['g++-6', 'clang-7', 'ninja-build']
 
 ################
 # build script #
@@ -319,14 +321,10 @@ script:
   # by default, use the single-header version
   - if [[ "${MULTIPLE_HEADERS}" == "" ]]; then export MULTIPLE_HEADERS=OFF; fi
 
-  # show OS/compiler version
-  - uname -a
-  - $CXX --version
-
   # compile and execute unit tests
   - mkdir -p build && cd build
-  - cmake .. ${CMAKE_OPTIONS} -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=${MULTIPLE_HEADERS} -GNinja && cmake --build . --config Release
-  - ctest -C Release -V -j
+  - cmake .. ${CMAKE_OPTIONS} -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=${MULTIPLE_HEADERS} -DJSON_BuildTests=On -GNinja && cmake --build . --config Release
+  - ctest -C Release --timeout 2700 -V -j
   - cd ..
 
   # check if homebrew works (only checks develop branch)   

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
 
 ##
 ## PROJECT
 ## name and version
 ##
-project(nlohmann_json VERSION 3.3.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
+project(nlohmann_json VERSION 3.8.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
 
 ##
 ## INCLUDE
@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ include(ExternalProject)
 ## OPTIONS
 ##
 option(JSON_BuildTests "Build the unit tests when BUILD_TESTING is enabled." ON)
+option(JSON_Install "Install CMake targets during install step." ON)
 option(JSON_MultipleHeaders "Use non-amalgamated version of the library." OFF)
 
 ##
 ## CONFIGURATION
 ##
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
 set(NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME               ${PROJECT_NAME})
-set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR        "lib/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}"
-  CACHE INTERNAL "")
-set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR       "include")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR        "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE INTERNAL "")
+set(NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR       "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}")
 set(NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME       "${PROJECT_NAME}Targets")
 set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_TEMPLATE     "cmake/config.cmake.in")
 set(NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_DIR          "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
@@ -46,7 +48,11 @@ endif()
 ##
 add_library(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE)
 add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}::${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} ALIAS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME})
-target_compile_features(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS "3.8.0")
+    target_compile_features(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE cxx_range_for)
+else()
+    target_compile_features(${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
+endif()
 
 target_include_directories(
     ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
@@ -60,10 +66,10 @@ if (MSVC)
     set(NLOHMANN_ADD_NATVIS TRUE)
     set(NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE "nlohmann_json.natvis")
     target_sources(
-        ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME} 
-        INTERFACE 
+        ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+        INTERFACE
             $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}>
-            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}>  
+            $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}>
     )
 endif()
 
@@ -83,8 +89,13 @@ endif()
 ## install header files, generate and install cmake config files for find_package()
 ##
 include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
-write_basic_package_version_file(
-    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE} COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
+# use a custom package version config file instead of
+# write_basic_package_version_file to ensure that it's architecture-independent
+# https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1697
+configure_file(
+    "cmake/nlohmann_jsonConfigVersion.cmake.in"
+    ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE}
+    @ONLY
 )
 configure_file(
     ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_CONFIG_TEMPLATE}
@@ -92,32 +103,34 @@ configure_file(
     @ONLY
 )
 
-install(
-    DIRECTORY ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}
-    DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
-)
-install(
-    FILES ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE} ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE}
-    DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
-)
-if (NLOHMANN_ADD_NATVIS)
+if(JSON_Install)
     install(
-        FILES ${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}
-        DESTINATION .
-)
+        DIRECTORY ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_BUILD_DIR}
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    install(
+        FILES ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE} ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_VERSION_CONFIG_FILE}
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    if (NLOHMANN_ADD_NATVIS)
+        install(
+            FILES ${NLOHMANN_NATVIS_FILE}
+            DESTINATION .
+    )
+endif()
+    export(
+        TARGETS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+        NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
+        FILE ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_TARGETS_FILE}
+    )
+    install(
+        TARGETS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
+        EXPORT ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME}
+        INCLUDES DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
+    install(
+        EXPORT ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME}
+        NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
+        DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
+    )
 endif()
-export(
-    TARGETS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
-    NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
-    FILE ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CMAKE_PROJECT_TARGETS_FILE}
-)
-install(
-    TARGETS ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME}
-    EXPORT ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME}
-    INCLUDES DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR}
-)
-install(
-    EXPORT ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGETS_EXPORT_NAME}
-    NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
-    DESTINATION ${NLOHMANN_JSON_CONFIG_INSTALL_DIR}
-)

LICENSE.MIT

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License 
 
-Copyright (c) 2013-2018 Niels Lohmann
+Copyright (c) 2013-2020 Niels Lohmann
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -1,52 +1,46 @@
-.PHONY: pretty clean ChangeLog.md
+.PHONY: pretty clean ChangeLog.md release
 
-SRCS = include/nlohmann/json.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_json.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/internal_iterator.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iter_impl.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/iteration_proxy.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/json_reverse_iterator.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/json_ref.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/output/output_adapters.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp \
-       include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp
+##########################################################################
+# configuration
+##########################################################################
 
-UNAME = $(shell uname)
-CXX=clang++
+# directory to recent compiler binaries
+COMPILER_DIR=/Users/niels/Documents/projects/compilers/local/bin
 
+# find GNU sed to use `-i` parameter
+SED:=$(shell command -v gsed || which sed)
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# source files
+##########################################################################
+
+# the list of sources in the include folder
+SRCS=$(shell find include -type f | sort)
+
+# the single header (amalgamated from the source files)
 AMALGAMATED_FILE=single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
 
+
+##########################################################################
+# documentation of the Makefile's targets
+##########################################################################
+
 # main target
 all:
 	@echo "amalgamate - amalgamate file single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp from the include/nlohmann sources"
 	@echo "ChangeLog.md - generate ChangeLog file"
 	@echo "check - compile and execute test suite"
 	@echo "check-amalgamation - check whether sources have been amalgamated"
-	@echo "check-fast - compile and execute test suite (skip long-running tests)"
 	@echo "clean - remove built files"
 	@echo "coverage - create coverage information with lcov"
 	@echo "cppcheck - analyze code with cppcheck"
+	@echo "cpplint - analyze code with cpplint"
+	@echo "clang_tidy - analyze code with Clang-Tidy"
+	@echo "clang_analyze - analyze code with Clang-Analyzer"
 	@echo "doctest - compile example files and check their output"
 	@echo "fuzz_testing - prepare fuzz testing of the JSON parser"
+	@echo "fuzz_testing_bson - prepare fuzz testing of the BSON parser"
 	@echo "fuzz_testing_cbor - prepare fuzz testing of the CBOR parser"
 	@echo "fuzz_testing_msgpack - prepare fuzz testing of the MessagePack parser"
 	@echo "fuzz_testing_ubjson - prepare fuzz testing of the UBJSON parser"
@@ -56,6 +50,7 @@ all:
 	@echo "pretty - beautify code with Artistic Style"
 	@echo "run_benchmarks - build and run benchmarks"
 
+
 ##########################################################################
 # unit tests
 ##########################################################################
@@ -68,31 +63,20 @@ json_unit:
 check:
 	$(MAKE) check -C test
 
-check-fast:
-	$(MAKE) check -C test TEST_PATTERN=""
-
-# clean up
-clean:
-	rm -fr json_unit json_benchmarks fuzz fuzz-testing *.dSYM test/*.dSYM
-	rm -fr benchmarks/files/numbers/*.json
-	rm -fr build_coverage build_benchmarks
-	$(MAKE) clean -Cdoc
-	$(MAKE) clean -Ctest
-
 
 ##########################################################################
 # coverage
 ##########################################################################
 
 coverage:
+	rm -fr build_coverage
 	mkdir build_coverage
-	cd build_coverage ; CXX=g++-7 cmake .. -GNinja -DJSON_Coverage=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
+	cd build_coverage ; cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_Coverage=ON -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON
 	cd build_coverage ; ninja
-	cd build_coverage ; ctest -E '.*_default' -j10
+	cd build_coverage ; ctest -j10
 	cd build_coverage ; ninja lcov_html
 	open build_coverage/test/html/index.html
 
-
 ##########################################################################
 # documentation tests
 ##########################################################################
@@ -107,103 +91,306 @@ doctest:
 ##########################################################################
 
 # calling Clang with all warnings, except:
-# -Wno-documentation-unknown-command: code uses user-defined commands like @complexity
-# -Wno-exit-time-destructors: warning in Catch code
-# -Wno-keyword-macro: unit-tests use "#define private public"
+# -Wno-c++2a-compat: u8 literals will behave differently in C++20...
 # -Wno-deprecated-declarations: the library deprecated some functions
-# -Wno-weak-vtables: exception class is defined inline, but has virtual method
-# -Wno-range-loop-analysis: items tests "for(const auto i...)"
+# -Wno-documentation-unknown-command: code uses user-defined commands like @complexity
+# -Wno-exit-time-destructors: warning in json code triggered by NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM
 # -Wno-float-equal: not all comparisons in the tests can be replaced by Approx
-# -Wno-switch-enum -Wno-covered-switch-default: pedantic/contradicting warnings about switches
+# -Wno-keyword-macro: unit-tests use "#define private public"
 # -Wno-padded: padding is nothing to warn about
+# -Wno-range-loop-analysis: items tests "for(const auto i...)"
+# -Wno-switch-enum -Wno-covered-switch-default: pedantic/contradicting warnings about switches
+# -Wno-weak-vtables: exception class is defined inline, but has virtual method
 pedantic_clang:
-	$(MAKE) json_unit CXXFLAGS="\
+	rm -fr build_pedantic
+	CXXFLAGS=" \
 		-std=c++11 -Wno-c++98-compat -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic \
 		-Werror \
 		-Weverything \
+		-Wno-c++2a-compat \
+		-Wno-deprecated-declarations \
 		-Wno-documentation-unknown-command \
 		-Wno-exit-time-destructors \
-		-Wno-keyword-macro \
-		-Wno-deprecated-declarations \
-		-Wno-weak-vtables \
-		-Wno-range-loop-analysis \
 		-Wno-float-equal \
+		-Wno-keyword-macro \
+		-Wno-padded \
+		-Wno-range-loop-analysis \
 		-Wno-switch-enum -Wno-covered-switch-default \
-		-Wno-padded"
+		-Wno-weak-vtables" cmake -S . -B build_pedantic -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+	cmake --build build_pedantic
 
 # calling GCC with most warnings
 pedantic_gcc:
-	$(MAKE) json_unit CXXFLAGS="\
+	rm -fr build_pedantic
+	CXXFLAGS=" \
 		-std=c++11 \
-		-Wno-deprecated-declarations \
+		-pedantic \
 		-Werror \
-		-Wall -Wpedantic -Wextra \
-		-Walloca \
-		-Warray-bounds=2 \
-		-Wcast-qual -Wcast-align \
-		-Wchar-subscripts \
-		-Wconditionally-supported \
-		-Wconversion \
-		-Wdate-time \
-		-Wdeprecated \
-		-Wdisabled-optimization \
-		-Wdouble-promotion \
-		-Wduplicated-branches \
-		-Wduplicated-cond \
-		-Wformat-overflow=2 \
-		-Wformat-signedness \
-		-Wformat-truncation=2 \
-		-Wformat=2 \
-		-Wno-ignored-qualifiers \
-		-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 \
-		-Wlogical-op \
-		-Wmissing-declarations \
-		-Wmissing-format-attribute \
-		-Wmissing-include-dirs \
-		-Wnoexcept \
-		-Wnonnull \
-		-Wnull-dereference \
-		-Wold-style-cast \
-		-Woverloaded-virtual \
-		-Wparentheses \
-		-Wplacement-new=2 \
-		-Wredundant-decls \
-		-Wreorder \
-		-Wrestrict \
-		-Wshadow=global \
-		-Wshift-overflow=2 \
-		-Wsign-conversion \
-		-Wsign-promo \
-		-Wsized-deallocation \
-		-Wstrict-overflow=5 \
-		-Wsuggest-attribute=const \
-		-Wsuggest-attribute=format \
-		-Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \
-		-Wsuggest-attribute=pure \
-		-Wsuggest-final-methods \
-		-Wsuggest-final-types \
-		-Wsuggest-override \
-		-Wtrigraphs \
-		-Wundef \
-		-Wuninitialized -Wunknown-pragmas \
-		-Wunused \
-		-Wunused-const-variable=2 \
-		-Wunused-macros \
-		-Wunused-parameter \
-		-Wuseless-cast \
-		-Wvariadic-macros \
-		-Wctor-dtor-privacy \
-		-Winit-self \
-		-Wstrict-null-sentinel"
+		--all-warnings                                    \
+		--extra-warnings                                  \
+		-W                                                \
+		-Wno-abi-tag                                         \
+		-Waddress                                         \
+		-Waddress-of-packed-member                        \
+		-Wno-aggregate-return                                \
+		-Waggressive-loop-optimizations                   \
+		-Waligned-new=all                                 \
+		-Wall                                             \
+		-Walloc-zero                                      \
+		-Walloca                                          \
+		-Wanalyzer-double-fclose                          \
+		-Wanalyzer-double-free                            \
+		-Wanalyzer-exposure-through-output-file           \
+		-Wanalyzer-file-leak                              \
+		-Wanalyzer-free-of-non-heap                       \
+		-Wanalyzer-malloc-leak                            \
+		-Wanalyzer-null-argument                          \
+		-Wanalyzer-null-dereference                       \
+		-Wanalyzer-possible-null-argument                 \
+		-Wanalyzer-possible-null-dereference              \
+		-Wanalyzer-stale-setjmp-buffer                    \
+		-Wanalyzer-tainted-array-index                    \
+		-Wanalyzer-too-complex                            \
+		-Wanalyzer-unsafe-call-within-signal-handler      \
+		-Wanalyzer-use-after-free                         \
+		-Wanalyzer-use-of-pointer-in-stale-stack-frame    \
+		-Warith-conversion                                \
+		-Warray-bounds                                    \
+		-Warray-bounds=2                                  \
+		-Wattribute-alias=2                               \
+		-Wattribute-warning                               \
+		-Wattributes                                      \
+		-Wbool-compare                                    \
+		-Wbool-operation                                  \
+		-Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch                    \
+		-Wbuiltin-macro-redefined                         \
+		-Wc++0x-compat                                    \
+		-Wc++11-compat                                    \
+		-Wc++14-compat                                    \
+		-Wc++17-compat                                    \
+		-Wc++1z-compat                                    \
+		-Wc++20-compat                                    \
+		-Wc++2a-compat                                    \
+		-Wcannot-profile                                  \
+		-Wcast-align                                      \
+		-Wcast-align=strict                               \
+		-Wcast-function-type                              \
+		-Wcast-qual                                       \
+		-Wcatch-value=3                                   \
+		-Wchar-subscripts                                 \
+		-Wclass-conversion                                \
+		-Wclass-memaccess                                 \
+		-Wclobbered                                       \
+		-Wcomma-subscript                                 \
+		-Wcomment                                         \
+		-Wcomments                                        \
+		-Wconditionally-supported                         \
+		-Wconversion                                      \
+		-Wconversion-null                                 \
+		-Wcoverage-mismatch                               \
+		-Wcpp                                             \
+		-Wctor-dtor-privacy                               \
+		-Wdangling-else                                   \
+		-Wdate-time                                       \
+		-Wdelete-incomplete                               \
+		-Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor                         \
+		-Wdeprecated                                      \
+		-Wdeprecated-copy                                 \
+		-Wdeprecated-copy-dtor                            \
+		-Wdeprecated-declarations                         \
+		-Wdisabled-optimization                           \
+		-Wdiv-by-zero                                     \
+		-Wdouble-promotion                                \
+		-Wduplicated-branches                             \
+		-Wduplicated-cond                                 \
+		-Weffc++                                          \
+		-Wempty-body                                      \
+		-Wendif-labels                                    \
+		-Wenum-compare                                    \
+		-Wexpansion-to-defined                            \
+		-Wextra                                           \
+		-Wextra-semi                                      \
+		-Wfloat-conversion                                \
+		-Wfloat-equal                                     \
+		-Wformat -Wformat-contains-nul                    \
+		-Wformat -Wformat-extra-args                      \
+		-Wformat -Wformat-nonliteral                      \
+		-Wformat -Wformat-security                        \
+		-Wformat -Wformat-y2k                             \
+		-Wformat -Wformat-zero-length                     \
+		-Wformat-diag                                     \
+		-Wformat-overflow=2                               \
+		-Wformat-signedness                               \
+		-Wformat-truncation=2                             \
+		-Wformat=2                                        \
+		-Wframe-address                                   \
+		-Wfree-nonheap-object                             \
+		-Whsa                                             \
+		-Wif-not-aligned                                  \
+		-Wignored-attributes                              \
+		-Wignored-qualifiers                              \
+		-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5                          \
+		-Winaccessible-base                               \
+		-Winherited-variadic-ctor                         \
+		-Winit-list-lifetime                              \
+		-Winit-self                                       \
+		-Winline                                          \
+		-Wint-in-bool-context                             \
+		-Wint-to-pointer-cast                             \
+		-Winvalid-memory-model                            \
+		-Winvalid-offsetof                                \
+		-Winvalid-pch                                     \
+		-Wliteral-suffix                                  \
+		-Wlogical-not-parentheses                         \
+		-Wlogical-op                                      \
+		-Wno-long-long                                       \
+		-Wlto-type-mismatch                               \
+		-Wmain                                            \
+		-Wmaybe-uninitialized                             \
+		-Wmemset-elt-size                                 \
+		-Wmemset-transposed-args                          \
+		-Wmisleading-indentation                          \
+		-Wmismatched-tags                                 \
+		-Wmissing-attributes                              \
+		-Wmissing-braces                                  \
+		-Wmissing-declarations                            \
+		-Wmissing-field-initializers                      \
+		-Wmissing-include-dirs                            \
+		-Wmissing-profile                                 \
+		-Wmultichar                                       \
+		-Wmultiple-inheritance                            \
+		-Wmultistatement-macros                           \
+		-Wno-namespaces                                      \
+		-Wnarrowing                                       \
+		-Wno-noexcept                                        \
+		-Wnoexcept-type                                   \
+		-Wnon-template-friend                             \
+		-Wnon-virtual-dtor                                \
+		-Wnonnull                                         \
+		-Wnonnull-compare                                 \
+		-Wnonportable-cfstrings                           \
+		-Wnormalized=nfkc                                 \
+		-Wnull-dereference                                \
+		-Wodr                                             \
+		-Wold-style-cast                                  \
+		-Wopenmp-simd                                     \
+		-Woverflow                                        \
+		-Woverlength-strings                              \
+		-Woverloaded-virtual                              \
+		-Wpacked                                          \
+		-Wpacked-bitfield-compat                          \
+		-Wpacked-not-aligned                              \
+		-Wno-padded                                          \
+		-Wparentheses                                     \
+		-Wpedantic                                        \
+		-Wpessimizing-move                                \
+		-Wplacement-new=2                                 \
+		-Wpmf-conversions                                 \
+		-Wpointer-arith                                   \
+		-Wpointer-compare                                 \
+		-Wpragmas                                         \
+		-Wprio-ctor-dtor                                  \
+		-Wpsabi                                           \
+		-Wredundant-decls                                 \
+		-Wredundant-move                                  \
+		-Wredundant-tags                                  \
+		-Wregister                                        \
+		-Wreorder                                         \
+		-Wrestrict                                        \
+		-Wreturn-local-addr                               \
+		-Wreturn-type                                     \
+		-Wscalar-storage-order                            \
+		-Wsequence-point                                  \
+		-Wshadow=compatible-local                         \
+		-Wshadow=global                                   \
+		-Wshadow=local                                    \
+		-Wshift-count-negative                            \
+		-Wshift-count-overflow                            \
+		-Wshift-negative-value                            \
+		-Wshift-overflow=2                                \
+		-Wsign-compare                                    \
+		-Wsign-conversion                                 \
+		-Wsign-promo                                      \
+		-Wsized-deallocation                              \
+		-Wsizeof-array-argument                           \
+		-Wsizeof-pointer-div                              \
+		-Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess                        \
+		-Wstack-protector                                 \
+		-Wstrict-aliasing                                 \
+		-Wstrict-aliasing=3                               \
+		-Wstrict-null-sentinel                            \
+		-Wstrict-overflow                                 \
+		-Wstrict-overflow=5                               \
+		-Wstring-compare                                  \
+		-Wstringop-overflow                               \
+		-Wstringop-overflow=4                             \
+		-Wstringop-truncation                             \
+		-Wsubobject-linkage                               \
+		-Wsuggest-attribute=cold                          \
+		-Wsuggest-attribute=const                         \
+		-Wsuggest-attribute=format                        \
+		-Wsuggest-attribute=malloc                        \
+		-Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn                      \
+		-Wsuggest-attribute=pure                          \
+		-Wsuggest-final-methods                           \
+		-Wsuggest-final-types                             \
+		-Wsuggest-override                                \
+		-Wswitch                                          \
+		-Wswitch-bool                                     \
+		-Wswitch-default                                  \
+		-Wno-switch-enum                                     \
+		-Wswitch-outside-range                            \
+		-Wswitch-unreachable                              \
+		-Wsync-nand                                       \
+		-Wsynth                                           \
+		-Wno-system-headers                                  \
+		-Wtautological-compare                            \
+		-Wno-templates                                       \
+		-Wterminate                                       \
+		-Wtrampolines                                     \
+		-Wtrigraphs                                       \
+		-Wtype-limits                                     \
+		-Wundef                                           \
+		-Wuninitialized                                   \
+		-Wunknown-pragmas                                 \
+		-Wunreachable-code                                \
+		-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations                       \
+		-Wunused                                          \
+		-Wunused-but-set-parameter                        \
+		-Wunused-but-set-variable                         \
+		-Wunused-const-variable=2                         \
+		-Wunused-function                                 \
+		-Wunused-label                                    \
+		-Wno-unused-local-typedefs                           \
+		-Wunused-macros                                   \
+		-Wunused-parameter                                \
+		-Wunused-result                                   \
+		-Wunused-value                                    \
+		-Wunused-variable                                 \
+		-Wuseless-cast                                    \
+		-Wvarargs                                         \
+		-Wvariadic-macros                                 \
+		-Wvector-operation-performance                    \
+		-Wvirtual-inheritance                             \
+		-Wvirtual-move-assign                             \
+		-Wvla                                             \
+		-Wvolatile                                        \
+		-Wvolatile-register-var                           \
+		-Wwrite-strings                                   \
+		-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant                   \
+		-Wzero-length-bounds                              \
+		" cmake -S . -B build_pedantic -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+	cmake --build build_pedantic
 
 ##########################################################################
 # benchmarks
 ##########################################################################
 
 run_benchmarks:
+	rm -fr build_benchmarks
 	mkdir build_benchmarks
-	cd build_benchmarks ; cmake ../benchmarks
-	cd build_benchmarks ; make
+	cd build_benchmarks ; cmake ../benchmarks -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+	cd build_benchmarks ; ninja
 	cd build_benchmarks ; ./json_benchmarks
 
 ##########################################################################
@@ -219,6 +406,14 @@ fuzz_testing:
 	find test/data/json_tests -size -5k -name *json | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
 	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
 
+fuzz_testing_bson:
+	rm -fr fuzz-testing
+	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
+	$(MAKE) parse_bson_fuzzer -C test CXX=afl-clang++
+	mv test/parse_bson_fuzzer fuzz-testing/fuzzer
+	find test/data -size -5k -name *.bson | xargs -I{} cp "{}" fuzz-testing/testcases
+	@echo "Execute: afl-fuzz -i fuzz-testing/testcases -o fuzz-testing/out fuzz-testing/fuzzer"
+
 fuzz_testing_cbor:
 	rm -fr fuzz-testing
 	mkdir -p fuzz-testing fuzz-testing/testcases fuzz-testing/out
@@ -257,81 +452,203 @@ fuzzing-stop:
 	-killall fuzzer
 	-killall afl-fuzz
 
+
 ##########################################################################
-# static analyzer
+# Static analysis
 ##########################################################################
 
-# call cppcheck on the main header file
+# call cppcheck <http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net>
+# Note: this target is called by Travis
 cppcheck:
-	cppcheck --enable=warning --inconclusive --force --std=c++11 $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) --error-exitcode=1
+	cppcheck --enable=warning --inline-suppr --inconclusive --force --std=c++11 $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) --error-exitcode=1
 
-# compile and check with Clang Static Analyzer
+# call Clang Static Analyzer <https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org>
 clang_analyze:
 	rm -fr clang_analyze_build
 	mkdir clang_analyze_build
-	cd clang_analyze_build ; CCC_CXX=/Users/niels/Documents/projects/llvm-clang/local/bin/clang++ /Users/niels/Documents/projects/llvm-clang/local/bin/scan-build cmake ..
-	/Users/niels/Documents/projects/llvm-clang/local/bin/scan-build -enable-checker alpha.core.DynamicTypeChecker,alpha.core.PointerArithm,alpha.core.PointerSub,alpha.cplusplus.DeleteWithNonVirtualDtor,alpha.cplusplus.IteratorRange,alpha.cplusplus.MisusedMovedObject,alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2,alpha.core.Conversion --use-c++=/Users/niels/Documents/projects/llvm-clang/local/bin/clang++ --view -analyze-headers -o clang_analyze_build/report.html make -j10 -C clang_analyze_build
+	cd clang_analyze_build ; CCC_CXX=$(COMPILER_DIR)/clang++ CXX=$(COMPILER_DIR)/clang++ $(COMPILER_DIR)/scan-build cmake .. -GNinja -DJSON_BuildTests=On
+	cd clang_analyze_build ; \
+		$(COMPILER_DIR)/scan-build \
+			-enable-checker alpha.core.BoolAssignment,alpha.core.CallAndMessageUnInitRefArg,alpha.core.CastSize,alpha.core.CastToStruct,alpha.core.Conversion,alpha.core.DynamicTypeChecker,alpha.core.FixedAddr,alpha.core.PointerArithm,alpha.core.PointerSub,alpha.core.SizeofPtr,alpha.core.StackAddressAsyncEscape,alpha.core.TestAfterDivZero,alpha.deadcode.UnreachableCode,core.builtin.BuiltinFunctions,core.builtin.NoReturnFunctions,core.CallAndMessage,core.DivideZero,core.DynamicTypePropagation,core.NonnilStringConstants,core.NonNullParamChecker,core.NullDereference,core.StackAddressEscape,core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,core.uninitialized.ArraySubscript,core.uninitialized.Assign,core.uninitialized.Branch,core.uninitialized.CapturedBlockVariable,core.uninitialized.UndefReturn,core.VLASize,cplusplus.InnerPointer,cplusplus.Move,cplusplus.NewDelete,cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks,cplusplus.SelfAssignment,deadcode.DeadStores,nullability.NullableDereferenced,nullability.NullablePassedToNonnull,nullability.NullableReturnedFromNonnull,nullability.NullPassedToNonnull,nullability.NullReturnedFromNonnull \
+			--use-c++=$(COMPILER_DIR)/clang++ -analyze-headers -o report ninja
+	open clang_analyze_build/report/*/index.html
+
+# call cpplint <https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint>
+# Note: some errors expected due to false positives
+cpplint:
+	third_party/cpplint/cpplint.py \
+		--filter=-whitespace,-legal,-readability/alt_tokens,-runtime/references,-runtime/explicit \
+		--quiet --recursive $(SRCS)
+
+# call Clang-Tidy <https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/>
+clang_tidy:
+	$(COMPILER_DIR)/clang-tidy $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) -- -Iinclude -std=c++11
+
+# call PVS-Studio Analyzer <https://www.viva64.com/en/pvs-studio/>
+pvs_studio:
+	rm -fr pvs_studio_build
+	mkdir pvs_studio_build
+	cd pvs_studio_build ; cmake .. -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=On
+	cd pvs_studio_build ; pvs-studio-analyzer analyze -j 10
+	cd pvs_studio_build ; plog-converter -a'GA:1,2;64:1;CS' -t fullhtml PVS-Studio.log -o pvs
+	open pvs_studio_build/pvs/index.html
+
+# call Infer <https://fbinfer.com> static analyzer
+infer:
+	rm -fr infer_build
+	mkdir infer_build
+	cd infer_build ; infer compile -- cmake .. ; infer run -- make -j 4
+
+# call OCLint <http://oclint.org> static analyzer
+oclint:
+	oclint $(SRCS) -report-type html -enable-global-analysis -o oclint_report.html -max-priority-1=10000 -max-priority-2=10000 -max-priority-3=10000 -- -std=c++11 -Iinclude
+	open oclint_report.html
+
+# execute the test suite with Clang sanitizers (address and undefined behavior)
+clang_sanitize:
+	rm -fr clang_sanitize_build
+	mkdir clang_sanitize_build
+	cd clang_sanitize_build ; CXX=$(COMPILER_DIR)/clang++ cmake .. -DJSON_Sanitizer=On -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON -DJSON_BuildTests=On -GNinja
+	cd clang_sanitize_build ; ninja
+	cd clang_sanitize_build ; ctest -j10
+
 
 ##########################################################################
-# maintainer targets
+# Code format and source amalgamation
 ##########################################################################
 
-# pretty printer
+# call the Artistic Style pretty printer on all source files
 pretty:
-	astyle --style=allman --indent=spaces=4 --indent-modifiers \
-	   --indent-switches --indent-preproc-block --indent-preproc-define \
-	   --indent-col1-comments --pad-oper --pad-header --align-pointer=type \
-	   --align-reference=type --add-brackets --convert-tabs --close-templates \
-	   --lineend=linux --preserve-date --suffix=none --formatted \
-	   $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) test/src/*.cpp \
-	   benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp doc/examples/*.cpp
+	astyle \
+		--style=allman \
+		--indent=spaces=4 \
+		--indent-modifiers \
+	    --indent-switches \
+	    --indent-preproc-block \
+	    --indent-preproc-define \
+	    --indent-col1-comments \
+	    --pad-oper \
+	    --pad-header \
+	    --align-pointer=type \
+	    --align-reference=type \
+	    --add-brackets \
+	    --convert-tabs \
+	    --close-templates \
+	    --lineend=linux \
+	    --preserve-date \
+	    --suffix=none \
+	    --formatted \
+	   $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) test/src/*.cpp benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp doc/examples/*.cpp
 
 # create single header file
 amalgamate: $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
 
+# call the amalgamation tool and pretty print
 $(AMALGAMATED_FILE): $(SRCS)
 	third_party/amalgamate/amalgamate.py -c third_party/amalgamate/config.json -s . --verbose=yes
 	$(MAKE) pretty
 
-# check if single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp has been amalgamated from the nlohmann sources
+# check if file single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp has been amalgamated from the nlohmann sources
+# Note: this target is called by Travis
 check-amalgamation:
 	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~
 	@$(MAKE) amalgamate
 	@diff $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ || (echo "===================================================================\n  Amalgamation required! Please read the contribution guidelines\n  in file .github/CONTRIBUTING.md.\n===================================================================" ; mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) ; false)
 	@mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)~ $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
 
-# check if every header in nlohmann includes sufficient headers to be compiled
-# individually
+# check if every header in nlohmann includes sufficient headers to be compiled individually
 check-single-includes:
-	for x in $(SRCS); do \
+	@for x in $(SRCS); do \
+	  echo "Checking self-sufficiency of $$x..." ; \
 	  echo "#include <$$x>\nint main() {}\n" | sed 's|include/||' > single_include_test.cpp; \
 	  $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -Iinclude -std=c++11 single_include_test.cpp -o single_include_test; \
-	  rm single_include_test.cpp single_include_test; \
+	  rm -f single_include_test.cpp single_include_test; \
 	done
 
+
 ##########################################################################
-# changelog
+# CMake
 ##########################################################################
 
+# grep "^option" CMakeLists.txt test/CMakeLists.txt | sed 's/(/ /' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs
+
+# check if all flags of our CMake files work
+check_cmake_flags_do:
+	$(CMAKE_BINARY) --version
+	for flag in '' JSON_BuildTests JSON_Install JSON_MultipleHeaders JSON_Sanitizer JSON_Valgrind JSON_NoExceptions JSON_Coverage; do \
+		rm -fr cmake_build; \
+		mkdir cmake_build; \
+		echo "$(CMAKE_BINARY) .. -D$$flag=On" ; \
+		cd cmake_build ; \
+		CXX=g++-8 $(CMAKE_BINARY) .. -D$$flag=On -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES="cxx_std_11;cxx_range_for" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-std=gnu++11" ; \
+		test -f Makefile || exit 1 ; \
+		cd .. ; \
+	done;
+
+# call target `check_cmake_flags_do` twice: once for minimal required CMake version 3.1.0 and once for the installed version
+check_cmake_flags:
+	wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.1.0/cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz
+	tar xfz cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz
+	CMAKE_BINARY=$(abspath cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64/CMake.app/Contents/bin/cmake) $(MAKE) check_cmake_flags_do
+	CMAKE_BINARY=$(shell which cmake) $(MAKE) check_cmake_flags_do
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# ChangeLog
+##########################################################################
+
+# Create a ChangeLog based on the git log using the GitHub Changelog Generator
+# (<https://github.com/github-changelog-generator/github-changelog-generator>).
+
+# variable to control the diffs between the last released version and the current repository state
 NEXT_VERSION ?= "unreleased"
 
 ChangeLog.md:
-	github_changelog_generator -o ChangeLog.md --simple-list --release-url https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/%s --future-release $(NEXT_VERSION)
-	gsed -i 's|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/HEAD|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/HEAD|' ChangeLog.md
-	gsed -i '2i All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).' ChangeLog.md
+	github_changelog_generator -o ChangeLog.md --user nlohmann --project json --simple-list --release-url https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/%s --future-release $(NEXT_VERSION)
+	$(SED) -i 's|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/HEAD|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/HEAD|' ChangeLog.md
+	$(SED) -i '2i All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).' ChangeLog.md
 
 
 ##########################################################################
-# release
+# Release files
 ##########################################################################
 
+# Create the files for a release and add signatures and hashes. We use `-X` to make the resulting ZIP file
+# reproducible, see <https://content.pivotal.io/blog/barriers-to-deterministic-reproducible-zip-files>.
+
 release:
+	rm -fr release_files
 	mkdir release_files
-	zip -9 -r include.zip include/*
+	zip -9 --recurse-paths -X include.zip $(SRCS) $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) meson.build
 	gpg --armor --detach-sig include.zip
 	mv include.zip include.zip.asc release_files
-	gpg --armor --detach-sig single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
-	cp single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp release_files
-	mv single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp.asc release_files
+	gpg --armor --detach-sig $(AMALGAMATED_FILE)
+	cp $(AMALGAMATED_FILE) release_files
+	mv $(AMALGAMATED_FILE).asc release_files
 	cd release_files ; shasum -a 256 json.hpp > hashes.txt
 	cd release_files ; shasum -a 256 include.zip >> hashes.txt
+
+
+##########################################################################
+# Maintenance
+##########################################################################
+
+# clean up
+clean:
+	rm -fr json_unit json_benchmarks fuzz fuzz-testing *.dSYM test/*.dSYM oclint_report.html
+	rm -fr benchmarks/files/numbers/*.json
+	rm -fr cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64.tar.gz cmake-3.1.0-Darwin64
+	rm -fr build_coverage build_benchmarks fuzz-testing clang_analyze_build pvs_studio_build infer_build clang_sanitize_build cmake_build
+	$(MAKE) clean -Cdoc
+	$(MAKE) clean -Ctest
+
+##########################################################################
+# Thirdparty code
+##########################################################################
+
+update_hedley:
+	rm -f include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
+	curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nemequ/hedley/master/hedley.h -o include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
+	gsed -i 's/HEDLEY_/JSON_HEDLEY_/g' include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp
+	grep "[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*undef" include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley.hpp | grep -v "__" | sort | uniq | gsed 's/ //g' | gsed 's/undef/undef /g' > include/nlohmann/thirdparty/hedley/hedley_undef.hpp
+	$(MAKE) amalgamate

README.md

@@ -2,19 +2,28 @@
 
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json)
 [![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/1acb366xfyg3qybk/branch/develop?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json)
-[![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json)
+[![Ubuntu](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AUbuntu)
+[![macOS](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/macOS/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AmacOS)
+[![Windows](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/Windows/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AWindows)
+[![Build Status](https://circleci.com/gh/nlohmann/json.svg?style=svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/nlohmann/json)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/nlohmann/json/badge.svg?branch=develop)](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json?branch=develop)
 [![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/5550/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
 [![Codacy Badge](https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/f3732b3327e34358a0e9d1fe9f661f08)](https://www.codacy.com/app/nlohmann/json?utm_source=github.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=nlohmann/json&utm_campaign=Badge_Grade)
 [![Language grade: C/C++](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/grade/cpp/g/nlohmann/json.svg?logo=lgtm&logoWidth=18)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/nlohmann/json/context:cpp)
-[![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](https://wandbox.org/permlink/TarF5pPn9NtHQjhf)
-[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-doxygen-blue.svg)](http://nlohmann.github.io/json)
+[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/json.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:json)
+[![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](https://wandbox.org/permlink/3lCHrFUZANONKv7a)
+[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-doxygen-blue.svg)](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/index.html)
 [![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/master/LICENSE.MIT)
+[![FOSSA Status](https://app.fossa.com/api/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fnlohmann%2Fjson.svg?type=shield)](https://app.fossa.com/projects/git%2Bgithub.com%2Fnlohmann%2Fjson?ref=badge_shield)
 [![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/release/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
-[![GitHub Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/nlohmann/json.svg)](http://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues)
-[![Average time to resolve an issue](http://isitmaintained.com/badge/resolution/nlohmann/json.svg)](http://isitmaintained.com/project/nlohmann/json "Average time to resolve an issue")
+[![GitHub Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/nlohmann/json/total)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
+[![GitHub Issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues)
+[![Average time to resolve an issue](https://isitmaintained.com/badge/resolution/nlohmann/json.svg)](https://isitmaintained.com/project/nlohmann/json "Average time to resolve an issue")
 [![CII Best Practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289/badge)](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289)
+[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Sponsors-ff69b4)](https://github.com/sponsors/nlohmann)
 
 - [Design goals](#design-goals)
+- [Sponsors](#sponsors)
 - [Integration](#integration)
   - [CMake](#cmake)
   - [Package Managers](#package-managers)
@@ -27,7 +36,8 @@
   - [JSON Merge Patch](#json-merge-patch)
   - [Implicit conversions](#implicit-conversions)
   - [Conversions to/from arbitrary types](#arbitrary-types-conversions)
-  - [Binary formats (CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)](#binary-formats-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson)
+  - [Specializing enum conversion](#specializing-enum-conversion)
+  - [Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)](#binary-formats-bson-cbor-messagepack-and-ubjson)
 - [Supported compilers](#supported-compilers)
 - [License](#license)
 - [Contact](#contact)
@@ -39,13 +49,13 @@
 
 ## Design goals
 
-There are myriads of [JSON](http://json.org) libraries out there, and each may even have its reason to exist. Our class had these design goals:
+There are myriads of [JSON](https://json.org) libraries out there, and each may even have its reason to exist. Our class had these design goals:
 
 - **Intuitive syntax**. In languages such as Python, JSON feels like a first class data type. We used all the operator magic of modern C++ to achieve the same feeling in your code. Check out the [examples below](#examples) and you'll know what I mean.
 
 - **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
 
-- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests agains all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) best practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289).
+- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/test/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](https://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [Core Infrastructure Initiative (CII) best practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/289).
 
 Other aspects were not so important to us:
 
@@ -56,6 +66,19 @@ Other aspects were not so important to us:
 See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
 
 
+## Sponsors
+
+You can sponsor this library at [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nlohmann).
+
+### :label: Named Sponsors
+
+- [Michael Hartmann](https://github.com/reFX-Mike)
+- [Stefan Hagen](https://github.com/sthagen)
+- [Steve Sperandeo](https://github.com/homer6)
+
+Thanks everyone!
+
+
 ## Integration
 
 [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp) is the single required file in `single_include/nlohmann` or [released here](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases). You need to add
@@ -78,6 +101,7 @@ You can also use the `nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json` interface target in CMake.
 #### External
 
 To use this library from a CMake project, you can locate it directly with `find_package()` and use the namespaced imported target from the generated package configuration:
+
 ```cmake
 # CMakeLists.txt
 find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)
@@ -86,18 +110,24 @@ add_library(foo ...)
 ...
 target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
 ```
+
 The package configuration file, `nlohmann_jsonConfig.cmake`, can be used either from an install tree or directly out of the build tree.
 
 #### Embedded
 
 To embed the library directly into an existing CMake project, place the entire source tree in a subdirectory and call `add_subdirectory()` in your `CMakeLists.txt` file:
+
 ```cmake
 # Typically you don't care so much for a third party library's tests to be
 # run from your own project's code.
 set(JSON_BuildTests OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
 
+# If you only include this third party in PRIVATE source files, you do not
+# need to install it when your main project gets installed.
+# set(JSON_Install OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
+
 # Don't use include(nlohmann_json/CMakeLists.txt) since that carries with it
-# inintended consequences that will break the build.  It's generally
+# unintended consequences that will break the build.  It's generally
 # discouraged (although not necessarily well documented as such) to use
 # include(...) for pulling in other CMake projects anyways.
 add_subdirectory(nlohmann_json)
@@ -107,8 +137,38 @@ add_library(foo ...)
 target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
 ```
 
+##### Embedded (FetchContent)
+
+Since CMake v3.11,
+[FetchContent](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.11/module/FetchContent.html) can
+be used to automatically download the repository as a dependency at configure type.
+
+Example:
+```cmake
+include(FetchContent)
+
+FetchContent_Declare(json
+  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/nlohmann/json.git
+  GIT_TAG v3.7.3)
+
+FetchContent_GetProperties(json)
+if(NOT json_POPULATED)
+  FetchContent_Populate(json)
+  add_subdirectory(${json_SOURCE_DIR} ${json_BINARY_DIR} EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(foo PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
+```
+
+**Note**: The repository https://github.com/nlohmann/json download size is huge.
+It contains all the dataset used for the benchmarks. You might want to depend on
+a smaller repository. For instance, you might want to replace the URL above by
+https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/nlohmann_json_cmake_fetchcontent
+
 #### Supporting Both
+
 To allow your project to support either an externally supplied or an embedded JSON library, you can use a pattern akin to the following:
+
 ``` cmake
 # Top level CMakeLists.txt
 project(FOO)
@@ -134,28 +194,42 @@ else()
 endif()
 ...
 ```
+
 `thirdparty/nlohmann_json` is then a complete copy of this source tree.
 
 ### Package Managers
 
-:beer: If you are using OS X and [Homebrew](http://brew.sh), just type `brew tap nlohmann/json` and `brew install nlohmann_json` and you're set. If you want the bleeding edge rather than the latest release, use `brew install nlohmann_json --HEAD`.
+:beer: If you are using OS X and [Homebrew](https://brew.sh), just type `brew tap nlohmann/json` and `brew install nlohmann-json` and you're set. If you want the bleeding edge rather than the latest release, use `brew install nlohmann-json --HEAD`.
 
-If you are using the [Meson Build System](http://mesonbuild.com), then you can wrap this repository as a subproject.
+If you are using the [Meson Build System](https://mesonbuild.com), add this source tree as a [meson subproject](https://mesonbuild.com/Subprojects.html#using-a-subproject). You may also use the `include.zip` published in this project's [Releases](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases) to reduce the size of the vendored source tree. Alternatively, you can get a wrap file by downloading it from [Meson WrapDB](https://wrapdb.mesonbuild.com/nlohmann_json), or simply use `meson wrap install nlohmann_json`. Please see the meson project for any issues regarding the packaging.
 
-If you are using [Conan](https://www.conan.io/) to manage your dependencies, merely add `jsonformoderncpp/x.y.z@vthiery/stable` to your `conanfile.py`'s requires, where `x.y.z` is the release version you want to use. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/vthiery/conan-jsonformoderncpp/issues) if you experience problems with the packages.
+The provided meson.build can also be used as an alternative to cmake for installing `nlohmann_json` system-wide in which case a pkg-config file is installed. To use it, simply have your build system require the `nlohmann_json` pkg-config dependency. In Meson, it is preferred to use the [`dependency()`](https://mesonbuild.com/Reference-manual.html#dependency) object with a subproject fallback, rather than using the subproject directly.
 
-If you are using [Spack](https://www.spack.io/) to manage your dependencies, you can use the `nlohmann_json` package. Please see the [spack project](https://github.com/spack/spack) for any issues regarding the packaging.
+If you are using [Conan](https://www.conan.io/) to manage your dependencies, merely add `nlohmann_json/x.y.z` to your `conanfile`'s requires, where `x.y.z` is the release version you want to use. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/conan-io/conan-center-index/issues) if you experience problems with the packages.
 
-If you are using [hunter](https://github.com/ruslo/hunter/) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann_json package](https://docs.hunter.sh/en/latest/packages/pkg/nlohmann_json.html). Please see the hunter project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+If you are using [Spack](https://www.spack.io/) to manage your dependencies, you can use the [`nlohmann-json` package](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/package_list.html#nlohmann-json). Please see the [spack project](https://github.com/spack/spack) for any issues regarding the packaging.
 
-If you are using [Buckaroo](https://buckaroo.pm), you can install this library's module with `buckaroo install nlohmann/json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/LoopPerfect/buckaroo-recipes/issues/new?title=nlohmann/nlohmann/json).
+If you are using [hunter](https://github.com/cpp-pm/hunter) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann_json package](https://hunter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packages/pkg/nlohmann_json.html). Please see the hunter project for any issues regarding the packaging.
+
+If you are using [Buckaroo](https://buckaroo.pm), you can install this library's module with `buckaroo add github.com/buckaroo-pm/nlohmann-json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/buckaroo-pm/nlohmann-json). There is a demo repo [here](https://github.com/njlr/buckaroo-nholmann-json-example).
 
 If you are using [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/) on your project for external dependencies, then you can use the [nlohmann-json package](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/ports/nlohmann-json). Please see the vcpkg project for any issues regarding the packaging.
 
-If you are using [cget](http://cget.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), you can install the latest development version with `cget install nlohmann/json`. A specific version can be installed with `cget install nlohmann/json@v3.1.0`. Also, the multiple header version can be installed by adding the `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON` flag (i.e., `cget install nlohmann/json -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`).
+If you are using [cget](https://cget.readthedocs.io/en/latest/), you can install the latest development version with `cget install nlohmann/json`. A specific version can be installed with `cget install nlohmann/json@v3.1.0`. Also, the multiple header version can be installed by adding the `-DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON` flag (i.e., `cget install nlohmann/json -DJSON_MultipleHeaders=ON`).
 
 If you are using [CocoaPods](https://cocoapods.org), you can use the library by adding pod `"nlohmann_json", '~>3.1.2'` to your podfile (see [an example](https://bitbucket.org/benman/nlohmann_json-cocoapod/src/master/)). Please file issues [here](https://bitbucket.org/benman/nlohmann_json-cocoapod/issues?status=new&status=open).
 
+If you are using [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org), you can use the package [nlohmann.json](https://www.nuget.org/packages/nlohmann.json/). Please check [this extensive description](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1132#issuecomment-452250255) on how to use the package. Please files issues [here](https://github.com/hnkb/nlohmann-json-nuget/issues).
+
+If you are using [conda](https://conda.io/), you can use the package [nlohmann_json](https://github.com/conda-forge/nlohmann_json-feedstock) from [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org) executing `conda install -c conda-forge nlohmann_json`. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/conda-forge/nlohmann_json-feedstock/issues).
+
+If you are using [MSYS2](https://www.msys2.org/), your can use the [mingw-w64-nlohmann-json](https://packages.msys2.org/base/mingw-w64-nlohmann-json) package, just type `pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-nlohmann-json` or `pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-nlohmann-json` for installation. Please file issues [here](https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/new?title=%5Bnlohmann-json%5D) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+If you are using [`build2`](https://build2.org), you can use the [`nlohmann-json`](https://cppget.org/nlohmann-json) package from the public repository https://cppget.org or directly from the [package's sources repository](https://github.com/build2-packaging/nlohmann-json). In your project's `manifest` file, just add `depends: nlohmann-json` (probably with some [version constraints](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml#guide-add-remove-deps)). If you are not familiar with using dependencies in `build2`, [please read this introduction](https://build2.org/build2-toolchain/doc/build2-toolchain-intro.xhtml).
+Please file issues [here](https://github.com/build2-packaging/nlohmann-json) if you experience problems with the packages.
+
+If you are using [`wsjcpp`](https://wsjcpp.org), you can use the command `wsjcpp install "https://github.com/nlohmann/json:develop"` to get the latest version. Note you can change the branch ":develop" to an existing tag or another branch.
+
 ## Examples
 
 Beside the examples below, you may want to check the [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/) where each function contains a separate code example (e.g., check out [`emplace()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5338e282d1d02bed389d852dd670d98d.html#a5338e282d1d02bed389d852dd670d98d)). All [example files](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/doc/examples) can be compiled and executed on their own (e.g., file [emplace.cpp](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/examples/emplace.cpp)).
@@ -227,7 +301,7 @@ json j2 = {
 };
 ```
 
-Note that in all these cases, you never need to "tell" the compiler which JSON value type you want to use. If you want to be explicit or express some edge cases, the functions [`json::array`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aa80485befaffcadaa39965494e0b4d2e.html#aa80485befaffcadaa39965494e0b4d2e) and [`json::object`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aa13f7c0615867542ce80337cbcf13ada.html#aa13f7c0615867542ce80337cbcf13ada) will help:
+Note that in all these cases, you never need to "tell" the compiler which JSON value type you want to use. If you want to be explicit or express some edge cases, the functions [`json::array()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a9ad7ec0bc1082ed09d10900fbb20a21f.html#a9ad7ec0bc1082ed09d10900fbb20a21f) and [`json::object()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aaf509a7c029100d292187068f61c99b8.html#aaf509a7c029100d292187068f61c99b8) will help:
 
 ```cpp
 // a way to express the empty array []
@@ -262,7 +336,7 @@ auto j2 = R"(
 
 Note that without appending the `_json` suffix, the passed string literal is not parsed, but just used as JSON string value. That is, `json j = "{ \"happy\": true, \"pi\": 3.141 }"` would just store the string `"{ "happy": true, "pi": 3.141 }"` rather than parsing the actual object.
 
-The above example can also be expressed explicitly using [`json::parse()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aa9676414f2e36383c4b181fe856aa3c0.html#aa9676414f2e36383c4b181fe856aa3c0):
+The above example can also be expressed explicitly using [`json::parse()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a265a473e939184aa42655c9ccdf34e58.html#a265a473e939184aa42655c9ccdf34e58):
 
 ```cpp
 // parse explicitly
@@ -273,7 +347,7 @@ You can also get a string representation of a JSON value (serialize):
 
 ```cpp
 // explicit conversion to string
-std::string s = j.dump();    // {\"happy\":true,\"pi\":3.141}
+std::string s = j.dump();    // {"happy":true,"pi":3.141}
 
 // serialization with pretty printing
 // pass in the amount of spaces to indent
@@ -290,26 +364,24 @@ Note the difference between serialization and assignment:
 // store a string in a JSON value
 json j_string = "this is a string";
 
-// retrieve the string value (implicit JSON to std::string conversion)
-std::string cpp_string = j_string;
-// retrieve the string value (explicit JSON to std::string conversion)
-auto cpp_string2 = j_string.get<std::string>();
-// retrieve the string value (alternative explicit JSON to std::string conversion)
-std::string cpp_string3;
-j_string.get_to(cpp_string3);
+// retrieve the string value
+auto cpp_string = j_string.get<std::string>();
+// retrieve the string value (alternative when an variable already exists)
+std::string cpp_string2;
+j_string.get_to(cpp_string2);
 
 // retrieve the serialized value (explicit JSON serialization)
 std::string serialized_string = j_string.dump();
 
 // output of original string
-std::cout << cpp_string << " == " << cpp_string2 << " == " << cpp_string3 << " == " << j_string.get<std::string>() << '\n';
+std::cout << cpp_string << " == " << cpp_string2 << " == " << j_string.get<std::string>() << '\n';
 // output of serialized value
 std::cout << j_string << " == " << serialized_string << std::endl;
 ```
 
-[`.dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5adea76fedba9898d404fef8598aa663.html#a5adea76fedba9898d404fef8598aa663) always returns the serialized value, and [`.get<std::string>()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a16f9445f7629f634221a42b967cdcd43.html#a16f9445f7629f634221a42b967cdcd43) returns the originally stored string value.
+[`.dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5.html#a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5) always returns the serialized value, and [`.get<std::string>()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_aa6602bb24022183ab989439e19345d08.html#aa6602bb24022183ab989439e19345d08) returns the originally stored string value.
 
-Note the library only supports UTF-8. When you store strings with different encodings in the library, calling [`dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a5adea76fedba9898d404fef8598aa663.html#a5adea76fedba9898d404fef8598aa663) may throw an exception.
+Note the library only supports UTF-8. When you store strings with different encodings in the library, calling [`dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5.html#a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5) may throw an exception unless `json::error_handler_t::replace` or `json::error_handler_t::ignore` are used as error handlers.
 
 #### To/from streams (e.g. files, string streams)
 
@@ -344,7 +416,7 @@ Please note that setting the exception bit for `failbit` is inappropriate for th
 
 #### Read from iterator range
 
-You can also parse JSON from an iterator range; that is, from any container accessible by iterators whose content is stored as contiguous byte sequence, for instance a `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`:
+You can also parse JSON from an iterator range; that is, from any container accessible by iterators whose `value_type` is an integral type of 1, 2 or 4 bytes, which will be interpreted as UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 respectively. For instance, a `std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, or a `std::list<std::uint16_t>`:
 
 ```cpp
 std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
@@ -358,6 +430,53 @@ std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {'t', 'r', 'u', 'e'};
 json j = json::parse(v);
 ```
 
+#### Custom data source
+
+Since the parse function accepts arbitrary iterator ranges, you can provide your own data sources by implementing the `LegacyInputIterator` concept.
+
+```cpp
+struct MyContainer {
+  void advance();
+  const char& get_current();
+};
+
+struct MyIterator {
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = char;
+    using pointer = const char*;
+    using reference = const char&;
+    using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
+
+    MyIterator& operator++() {
+        MyContainer.advance();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const MyIterator& rhs) const {
+        return rhs.target != target;
+    }
+
+    reference operator*() const {
+        return target.get_current();
+    }
+
+    MyContainer* target = nullptr;
+};
+
+MyIterator begin(MyContainer& tgt) {
+    return MyIterator{&tgt};
+}
+
+MyIterator end(const MyContainer&) {
+    return {}; 
+}
+
+void foo() {
+    MyContainer c;
+    json j = json::parse(c);
+}
+```
+
 #### SAX interface
 
 The library uses a SAX-like interface with the following functions:
@@ -401,7 +520,6 @@ To implement your own SAX handler, proceed as follows:
 
 Note the `sax_parse` function only returns a `bool` indicating the result of the last executed SAX event. It does not return a  `json` value - it is up to you to decide what to do with the SAX events. Furthermore, no exceptions are thrown in case of a parse error - it is up to you what to do with the exception object passed to your `parse_error` implementation. Internally, the SAX interface is used for the DOM parser (class `json_sax_dom_parser`) as well as the acceptor (`json_sax_acceptor`), see file [`json_sax.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp).
 
-
 ### STL-like access
 
 We designed the JSON class to behave just like an STL container. In fact, it satisfies the [**ReversibleContainer**](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/ReversibleContainer) requirement.
@@ -427,12 +545,12 @@ for (auto& element : j) {
 }
 
 // getter/setter
-const std::string tmp = j[0];
+const auto tmp = j[0].get<std::string>();
 j[1] = 42;
 bool foo = j.at(2);
 
 // comparison
-j == "[\"foo\", 1, true]"_json;  // true
+j == "[\"foo\", 42, true]"_json;  // true
 
 // other stuff
 j.size();     // 3 entries
@@ -462,7 +580,22 @@ for (json::iterator it = o.begin(); it != o.end(); ++it) {
   std::cout << it.key() << " : " << it.value() << "\n";
 }
 
+// the same code as range for
+for (auto& el : o.items()) {
+  std::cout << el.key() << " : " << el.value() << "\n";
+}
+
+// even easier with structured bindings (C++17)
+for (auto& [key, value] : o.items()) {
+  std::cout << key << " : " << value << "\n";
+}
+
 // find an entry
+if (o.contains("foo")) {
+  // there is an entry with key "foo"
+}
+
+// or via find and an iterator
 if (o.find("foo") != o.end()) {
   // there is an entry with key "foo"
 }
@@ -599,7 +732,7 @@ json j_patch = R"({
 })"_json;
 
 // apply the patch
-j_original.merge_patch(j_patch);
+j_document.merge_patch(j_patch);
 // {
 //  "a": "z",
 //  "c": {
@@ -610,33 +743,38 @@ j_original.merge_patch(j_patch);
 
 ### Implicit conversions
 
-The type of the JSON object is determined automatically by the expression to store. Likewise, the stored value is implicitly converted.
+Supported types can be implicitly converted to JSON values.
+
+It is recommended to **NOT USE** implicit conversions **FROM** a JSON value.
+You can find more details about this recommendation [here](https://www.github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/958). 
 
 ```cpp
 // strings
 std::string s1 = "Hello, world!";
 json js = s1;
-std::string s2 = js;
+auto s2 = js.get<std::string>();
+// NOT RECOMMENDED
+std::string s3 = js;
+std::string s4;
+s4 = js;
 
 // Booleans
 bool b1 = true;
 json jb = b1;
-bool b2 = jb;
+auto b2 = jb.get<bool>();
+// NOT RECOMMENDED
+bool b3 = jb;
+bool b4;
+b4 = jb;
 
 // numbers
 int i = 42;
 json jn = i;
-double f = jn;
-
-// etc.
-```
-
-You can also explicitly ask for the value:
-
-```cpp
-std::string vs = js.get<std::string>();
-bool vb = jb.get<bool>();
-int vi = jn.get<int>();
+auto f = jn.get<double>();
+// NOT RECOMMENDED
+double f2 = jb;
+double f3;
+f3 = jb;
 
 // etc.
 ```
@@ -694,7 +832,7 @@ std::cout << j << std::endl;
 // {"address":"744 Evergreen Terrace","age":60,"name":"Ned Flanders"}
 
 // conversion: json -> person
-ns::person p2 = j;
+auto p2 = j.get<ns::person>();
 
 // that's it
 assert(p == p2);
@@ -726,10 +864,9 @@ Likewise, when calling `get<your_type>()` or `get_to(your_type&)`, the `from_jso
 Some important things:
 
 * Those methods **MUST** be in your type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate them (in this example, they are in namespace `ns`, where `person` is defined).
-* Those methods **MUST** be available (e.g., properly headers must be included) everywhere you use the implicit conversions. Look at [issue 1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108) for errors that may occur otherwise.
+* Those methods **MUST** be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use these conversions. Look at [issue 1108](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1108) for errors that may occur otherwise.
 * When using `get<your_type>()`, `your_type` **MUST** be [DefaultConstructible](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/DefaultConstructible). (There is a way to bypass this requirement described later.)
 * In function `from_json`, use function [`at()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c.html#a93403e803947b86f4da2d1fb3345cf2c) to access the object values rather than `operator[]`. In case a key does not exist, `at` throws an exception that you can handle, whereas `operator[]` exhibits undefined behavior.
-* In case your type contains several `operator=` definitions, code like `your_variable = your_json;` [may not compile](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/667). You need to write `your_variable = your_json.get<decltype(your_variable)>();` or `your_json.get_to(your_variable);` instead.
 * You do not need to add serializers or deserializers for STL types like `std::vector`: the library already implements these.
 
 
@@ -874,14 +1011,72 @@ struct bad_serializer
 };
 ```
 
-### Binary formats (CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)
+### Specializing enum conversion
 
-Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports [CBOR](http://cbor.io) (Concise Binary Object Representation), [MessagePack](http://msgpack.org), and [UBJSON](http://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON Specification) to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors.
+By default, enum values are serialized to JSON as integers. In some cases this could result in undesired behavior. If an enum is modified or re-ordered after data has been serialized to JSON, the later de-serialized JSON data may be undefined or a different enum value than was originally intended.
+
+It is possible to more precisely specify how a given enum is mapped to and from JSON as shown below:
+
+```cpp
+// example enum type declaration
+enum TaskState {
+    TS_STOPPED,
+    TS_RUNNING,
+    TS_COMPLETED,
+    TS_INVALID=-1,
+};
+
+// map TaskState values to JSON as strings
+NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM( TaskState, {
+    {TS_INVALID, nullptr},
+    {TS_STOPPED, "stopped"},
+    {TS_RUNNING, "running"},
+    {TS_COMPLETED, "completed"},
+})
+```
+
+The `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` macro declares a set of `to_json()` / `from_json()` functions for type `TaskState` while avoiding repetition and boilerplate serialization code.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```cpp
+// enum to JSON as string
+json j = TS_STOPPED;
+assert(j == "stopped");
+
+// json string to enum
+json j3 = "running";
+assert(j3.get<TaskState>() == TS_RUNNING);
+
+// undefined json value to enum (where the first map entry above is the default)
+json jPi = 3.14;
+assert(jPi.get<TaskState>() == TS_INVALID );
+```
+
+Just as in [Arbitrary Type Conversions](#arbitrary-types-conversions) above,
+- `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM()` MUST be declared in your enum type's namespace (which can be the global namespace), or the library will not be able to locate it and it will default to integer serialization.
+- It MUST be available (e.g., proper headers must be included) everywhere you use the conversions.
+
+Other Important points:
+- When using `get<ENUM_TYPE>()`, undefined JSON values will default to the first pair specified in your map. Select this default pair carefully.
+- If an enum or JSON value is specified more than once in your map, the first matching occurrence from the top of the map will be returned when converting to or from JSON.
+
+### Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON)
+
+Though JSON is a ubiquitous data format, it is not a very compact format suitable for data exchange, for instance over a network. Hence, the library supports [BSON](http://bsonspec.org) (Binary JSON), [CBOR](https://cbor.io) (Concise Binary Object Representation), [MessagePack](https://msgpack.org), and [UBJSON](http://ubjson.org) (Universal Binary JSON Specification) to efficiently encode JSON values to byte vectors and to decode such vectors.
 
 ```cpp
 // create a JSON value
 json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
 
+// serialize to BSON
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_bson = json::to_bson(j);
+
+// 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x00, 0x01, 0x10, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+
+// roundtrip
+json j_from_bson = json::from_bson(v_bson);
+
 // serialize to CBOR
 std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_cbor = json::to_cbor(j);
 
@@ -907,16 +1102,47 @@ std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_ubjson = json::to_ubjson(j);
 json j_from_ubjson = json::from_ubjson(v_ubjson);
 ```
 
+The library also supports binary types from BSON, CBOR (byte strings), and MessagePack (bin, ext, fixext). They are stored by default as `std::vector<std::uint8_t>` to be processed outside of the library.
+
+```cpp
+// CBOR byte string with payload 0xCAFE
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {0x42, 0xCA, 0xFE};
+
+// read value
+json j = json::from_cbor(v);
+
+// the JSON value has type binary
+j.is_binary(); // true
+
+// get reference to stored binary value
+auto& binary = j.get_binary();
+
+// the binary value has no subtype (CBOR has no binary subtypes)
+binary.has_subtype(); // false
+
+// access std::vector<std::uint8_t> member functions
+binary.size(); // 2
+binary[0]; // 0xCA
+binary[1]; // 0xFE
+
+// set subtype to 0x10
+binary.set_subtype(0x10);
+
+// serialize to MessagePack
+auto cbor = json::to_msgpack(j); // 0xD5 (fixext2), 0x10, 0xCA, 0xFE
+```
+
 
 ## Supported compilers
 
-Though it's 2018 already, the support for C++11 is still a bit sparse. Currently, the following compilers are known to work:
+Though it's 2020 already, the support for C++11 is still a bit sparse. Currently, the following compilers are known to work:
 
-- GCC 4.8 - 8.2 (and possibly later)
-- Clang 3.4 - 6.1 (and possibly later)
+- GCC 4.8 - 10.1 (and possibly later)
+- Clang 3.4 - 10.0 (and possibly later)
 - Intel C++ Compiler 17.0.2 (and possibly later)
 - Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 / Build Tools 14.0.25123.0 (and possibly later)
 - Microsoft Visual C++ 2017 / Build Tools 15.5.180.51428 (and possibly later)
+- Microsoft Visual C++ 2019 / Build Tools 16.3.1+1def00d3d (and possibly later)
 
 I would be happy to learn about other compilers/versions.
 
@@ -933,42 +1159,46 @@ Please note:
 
     The code compiles successfully with [Android NDK](https://developer.android.com/ndk/index.html?hl=ml), Revision 9 - 11 (and possibly later) and [CrystaX's Android NDK](https://www.crystax.net/en/android/ndk) version 10.
 
-- For GCC running on MinGW or Android SDK, the error `'to_string' is not a member of 'std'` (or similarly, for `strtod`) may occur. Note this is not an issue with the code,  but rather with the compiler itself. On Android, see above to build with a newer environment.  For MinGW, please refer to [this site](http://tehsausage.com/mingw-to-string) and [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/136) for information on how to fix this bug. For Android NDK using `APP_STL := gnustl_static`, please refer to [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/219).
+- For GCC running on MinGW or Android SDK, the error `'to_string' is not a member of 'std'` (or similarly, for `strtod` or `strtof`) may occur. Note this is not an issue with the code,  but rather with the compiler itself. On Android, see above to build with a newer environment.  For MinGW, please refer to [this site](https://tehsausage.com/mingw-to-string) and [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/136) for information on how to fix this bug. For Android NDK using `APP_STL := gnustl_static`, please refer to [this discussion](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/219).
 
 - Unsupported versions of GCC and Clang are rejected by `#error` directives. This can be switched off by defining `JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK`. Note that you can expect no support in this case.
 
-The following compilers are currently used in continuous integration at [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) and [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json):
+The following compilers are currently used in continuous integration at [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json), [AppVeyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json), [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions), and [CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/nlohmann/json):
 
-| Compiler        | Operating System             | Version String |
-|-----------------|------------------------------|----------------|
-| GCC 4.8.5       | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS           | g++-4.8 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-2ubuntu1~14.04.2) 4.8.5 |
-| GCC 4.9.4       | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | g++-4.9 (Ubuntu 4.9.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1) 4.9.4 |
-| GCC 5.5.0       | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | g++-5 (Ubuntu 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~14.04) 5.5.0 20171010 |
-| GCC 6.4.0       | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | g++-6 (Ubuntu 6.4.0-17ubuntu1~14.04) 6.4.0 20180424 |
-| GCC 7.3.0       | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | g++-7 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-21ubuntu1~14.04) 7.3.0 |
-| GCC 7.3.0       | Windows Server 2012 R2 (x64) | g++ (x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project) 7.3.0 |
-| GCC 8.1.0       | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | g++-8 (Ubuntu 8.1.0-5ubuntu1~14.04) 8.1.0 |
-| Clang 3.5.0     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 3.5.0-4ubuntu2~trusty2 (tags/RELEASE_350/final) (based on LLVM 3.5.0) |
-| Clang 3.6.2     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 3.6.2-svn240577-1~exp1 (branches/release_36) (based on LLVM 3.6.2) |
-| Clang 3.7.1     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 3.7.1-svn253571-1~exp1 (branches/release_37) (based on LLVM 3.7.1) |
-| Clang 3.8.0     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu3~trusty5 (tags/RELEASE_380/final) |
-| Clang 3.9.1     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 3.9.1-4ubuntu3~14.04.3 (tags/RELEASE_391/rc2) |
-| Clang 4.0.1     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 4.0.1-svn305264-1~exp1 (branches/release_40) |
-| Clang 5.0.2     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 5.0.2-svn328729-1~exp1~20180509123505.100 (branches/release_50) |
-| Clang 6.0.1     | Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS           | clang version 6.0.1-svn334776-1~exp1~20180726133705.85 (branches/release_60) |
-| Clang Xcode 6.4 | OSX 10.10.5 | Apple LLVM version 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53) (based on LLVM 3.6.0svn) |
-| Clang Xcode 7.3 | OSX 10.11.6 | Apple LLVM version 7.3.0 (clang-703.0.31) |
-| Clang Xcode 8.0 | OSX 10.11.6 | Apple LLVM version 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.38) |
-| Clang Xcode 8.1 | OSX 10.12.6 | Apple LLVM version 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.42.1) |
-| Clang Xcode 8.2 | OSX 10.12.6 | Apple LLVM version 8.0.0 (clang-800.0.42.1) |
-| Clang Xcode 8.3 | OSX 10.11.6 | Apple LLVM version 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.38) |
-| Clang Xcode 9.0 | OSX 10.12.6 | Apple LLVM version 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.37) |
-| Clang Xcode 9.1 | OSX 10.12.6 | Apple LLVM version 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.38) |
-| Clang Xcode 9.2 | OSX 10.13.3 | Apple LLVM version 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.1) |
-| Clang Xcode 9.3 | OSX 10.13.3 | Apple LLVM version 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.2) |
-| Clang Xcode 10.0 | OSX 10.13.3 | Apple LLVM version 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.2) |
-| Visual Studio 14 2015 | Windows Server 2012 R2 (x64) | Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 14.0.25420.1, MSVC 19.0.24215.1 |
-| Visual Studio 2017 | Windows Server 2016 | Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.7.180.61344, MSVC 19.14.26433.0 |
+| Compiler                                                        | Operating System   | CI Provider    |
+|-----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|----------------|
+| Apple Clang 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.1); Xcode 9.3                 | macOS 10.13.3      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.2); Xcode 9.4.1               | macOS 10.13.6      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.2); Xcode 10.0             | macOS 10.13.6      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.5); Xcode 10.1             | macOS 10.13.6      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4); Xcode 10.2.1            | macOS 10.14.4      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.12); Xcode 11.2.1           | macOS 10.14.6      | Travis         |
+| Apple Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.59); Xcode 11.4.1           | macOS 10.15.4      | GitHub Actions |
+| Clang 3.5.0 (3.5.0-4ubuntu2~trusty2)                            | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 3.6.2 (3.6.2-svn240577-1~exp1)                            | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 3.7.1 (3.7.1-svn253571-1~exp1)                            | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 3.8.0 (3.8.0-2ubuntu3~trusty5)                            | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 3.9.1 (3.9.1-4ubuntu3~14.04.3)                            | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 4.0.1 (4.0.1-svn305264-1~exp1)                            | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 5.0.2 (version 5.0.2-svn328729-1~exp1~20180509123505.100) | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 6.0.1 (6.0.1-svn334776-1~exp1~20190309042707.121)         | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 7.1.0 (7.1.0-svn353565-1~exp1~20190419134007.64)          | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| Clang 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)                       | Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8~14.04.2)                       | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 4.9.4 (Ubuntu 4.9.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1)                       | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 5.5.0 (Ubuntu 5.5.0-12ubuntu1~14.04)                        | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 6.3.0 (Debian 6.3.0-18+deb9u1)                              | Debian 9           | Circle CI      |
+| GCC 6.5.0 (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~14.04.1)                       | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 7.3.0 (x86_64-posix-seh-rev0, Built by MinGW-W64 project)   | Windows-6.3.9600   | AppVeyor       |
+| GCC 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~14.04.1)                       | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)                         | Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS | GitHub Actions |
+| GCC 8.4.0 (Ubuntu 8.4.0-1ubuntu1~14.04)                         | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-11ubuntu0~14.04)                        | Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS | Travis         |
+| GCC 10.1.0 (Arch Linux latest)                                  | Arch Linux         | Circle CI      |
+| MSVC 19.0.24241.7 (Build Engine version 14.0.25420.1)           | Windows-6.3.9600   | AppVeyor       |
+| MSVC 19.16.27035.0 (15.9.21+g9802d43bc3 for .NET Framework)     | Windows-10.0.14393 | AppVeyor       |
+| MSVC 19.25.28614.0 (Build Engine version 16.5.0+d4cbfca49 for .NET Framework) | Windows-10.0.17763  | AppVeyor       |
+| MSVC 19.25.28614.0 (Build Engine version 16.5.0+d4cbfca49 for .NET Framework) | Windows-10.0.17763  | GitHub Actions |
 
 ## License
 
@@ -976,7 +1206,7 @@ The following compilers are currently used in continuous integration at [Travis]
 
 The class is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT):
 
-Copyright &copy; 2013-2018 [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
+Copyright &copy; 2013-2019 [Niels Lohmann](http://nlohmann.me)
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 
@@ -986,13 +1216,15 @@ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR I
 
 * * *
 
-The class contains the UTF-8 Decoder from Bjoern Hoehrmann which is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2008-2009 [Björn Hoehrmann](http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/) <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
+The class contains the UTF-8 Decoder from Bjoern Hoehrmann which is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2008-2009 [Björn Hoehrmann](https://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/) <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>
 
-The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2009 [Florian Loitsch](http://florian.loitsch.com/)
+The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2009 [Florian Loitsch](https://florian.loitsch.com/)
+
+The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
 
 ## Contact
 
-If you have questions regarding the library, I would like to invite you to [open an issue at GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new). Please describe your request, problem, or question as detailed as possible, and also mention the version of the library you are using as well as the version of your compiler and operating system. Opening an issue at GitHub allows other users and contributors to this library to collaborate. For instance, I have little experience with MSVC, and most issues in this regard have been solved by a growing community. If you have a look at the [closed issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed), you will see that we react quite timely in most cases.
+If you have questions regarding the library, I would like to invite you to [open an issue at GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/new/choose). Please describe your request, problem, or question as detailed as possible, and also mention the version of the library you are using as well as the version of your compiler and operating system. Opening an issue at GitHub allows other users and contributors to this library to collaborate. For instance, I have little experience with MSVC, and most issues in this regard have been solved by a growing community. If you have a look at the [closed issues](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed), you will see that we react quite timely in most cases.
 
 Only if your request would contain confidential information, please [send me an email](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me). For encrypted messages, please use [this key](https://keybase.io/nlohmann/pgp_keys.asc).
 
@@ -1004,7 +1236,7 @@ Only if your request would contain confidential information, please [send me an
 
 I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
 
-![Contributors](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/develop/doc/avatars.png)
+<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/develop/doc/avatars.png" align="right">
 
 - [Teemperor](https://github.com/Teemperor) implemented CMake support and lcov integration, realized escape and Unicode handling in the string parser, and fixed the JSON serialization.
 - [elliotgoodrich](https://github.com/elliotgoodrich) fixed an issue with double deletion in the iterator classes.
@@ -1045,7 +1277,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
 - [Mário Feroldi](https://github.com/thelostt) fixed a small typo.
 - [duncanwerner](https://github.com/duncanwerner) found a really embarrassing performance regression in the 2.0.0 release.
 - [Damien](https://github.com/dtoma) fixed one of the last conversion warnings.
-- [Thomas Braun](https://github.com/t-b) fixed a warning in a test case.
+- [Thomas Braun](https://github.com/t-b) fixed a warning in a test case and adjusted MSVC calls in the CI.
 - [Théo DELRIEU](https://github.com/theodelrieu) patiently and constructively oversaw the long way toward [iterator-range parsing](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/290). He also implemented the magic behind the serialization/deserialization of user-defined types and split the single header file into smaller chunks.
 - [Stefan](https://github.com/5tefan) fixed a minor issue in the documentation.
 - [Vasil Dimov](https://github.com/vasild) fixed the documentation regarding conversions from `std::multiset`.
@@ -1138,6 +1370,88 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
 - [Henry Schreiner](https://github.com/henryiii) added support for GCC 4.8.
 - [knilch](https://github.com/knilch0r) made sure the test suite does not stall when run in the wrong directory.
 - [Antonio Borondo](https://github.com/antonioborondo) fixed an MSVC 2017 warning.
+- [Dan Gendreau](https://github.com/dgendreau) implemented the `NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM` macro to quickly define a enum/JSON mapping.
+- [efp](https://github.com/efp) added line and column information to parse errors.
+- [julian-becker](https://github.com/julian-becker) added BSON support.
+- [Pratik Chowdhury](https://github.com/pratikpc) added support for structured bindings.
+- [David Avedissian](https://github.com/davedissian) added support for Clang 5.0.1 (PS4 version).
+- [Jonathan Dumaresq](https://github.com/dumarjo) implemented an input adapter to read from `FILE*`.
+- [kjpus](https://github.com/kjpus) fixed a link in the documentation.
+- [Manvendra Singh](https://github.com/manu-chroma) fixed a typo in the documentation.
+- [ziggurat29](https://github.com/ziggurat29) fixed an MSVC warning.
+- [Sylvain Corlay](https://github.com/SylvainCorlay) added code to avoid an issue with MSVC.
+- [mefyl](https://github.com/mefyl) fixed a bug when JSON was parsed from an input stream.
+- [Millian Poquet](https://github.com/mpoquet) allowed to install the library via Meson.
+- [Michael Behrns-Miller](https://github.com/moodboom) found an issue with a missing namespace.
+- [Nasztanovics Ferenc](https://github.com/naszta) fixed a compilation issue with libc 2.12.
+- [Andreas Schwab](https://github.com/andreas-schwab) fixed the endian conversion.
+- [Mark-Dunning](https://github.com/Mark-Dunning) fixed a warning in MSVC.
+- [Gareth Sylvester-Bradley](https://github.com/garethsb-sony) added `operator/` for JSON Pointers.
+- [John-Mark](https://github.com/johnmarkwayve) noted a missing header.
+- [Vitaly Zaitsev](https://github.com/xvitaly) fixed compilation with GCC 9.0.
+- [Laurent Stacul](https://github.com/stac47) fixed compilation with GCC 9.0.
+- [Ivor Wanders](https://github.com/iwanders) helped reducing the CMake requirement to version 3.1.
+- [njlr](https://github.com/njlr) updated the Buckaroo instructions.
+- [Lion](https://github.com/lieff) fixed a compilation issue with GCC 7 on CentOS.
+- [Isaac Nickaein](https://github.com/nickaein) improved the integer serialization performance and  implemented the `contains()` function.
+- [past-due](https://github.com/past-due) suppressed an unfixable warning.
+- [Elvis Oric](https://github.com/elvisoric) improved Meson support.
+- [Matěj Plch](https://github.com/Afforix) fixed an example in the README.
+- [Mark Beckwith](https://github.com/wythe) fixed a typo.
+- [scinart](https://github.com/scinart) fixed bug in the serializer.
+- [Patrick Boettcher](https://github.com/pboettch) implemented `push_back()` and `pop_back()` for JSON Pointers.
+- [Bruno Oliveira](https://github.com/nicoddemus) added support for Conda.
+- [Michele Caini](https://github.com/skypjack) fixed links in the README.
+- [Hani](https://github.com/hnkb) documented how to install the library with NuGet.
+- [Mark Beckwith](https://github.com/wythe) fixed a typo.
+- [yann-morin-1998](https://github.com/yann-morin-1998) helped reducing the CMake requirement to version 3.1.
+- [Konstantin Podsvirov](https://github.com/podsvirov) maintains a package for the MSYS2 software distro.
+- [remyabel](https://github.com/remyabel) added GNUInstallDirs to the CMake files.
+- [Taylor Howard](https://github.com/taylorhoward92) fixed a unit test.
+- [Gabe Ron](https://github.com/Macr0Nerd) implemented the `to_string` method.
+- [Watal M. Iwasaki](https://github.com/heavywatal) fixed a Clang warning.
+- [Viktor Kirilov](https://github.com/onqtam) switched the unit tests from [Catch](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) to [doctest](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest)
+- [Juncheng E](https://github.com/ejcjason) fixed a typo.
+- [tete17](https://github.com/tete17) fixed a bug in the `contains` function.
+- [Xav83](https://github.com/Xav83) fixed some cppcheck warnings.
+- [0xflotus](https://github.com/0xflotus) fixed some typos.
+- [Christian Deneke](https://github.com/chris0x44) added a const version of `json_pointer::back`.
+- [Julien Hamaide](https://github.com/crazyjul) made the `items()` function work with custom string types.
+- [Evan Nemerson](https://github.com/nemequ) updated fixed a bug in Hedley and updated this library accordingly.
+- [Florian Pigorsch](https://github.com/flopp) fixed a lot of typos.
+- [Camille Bégué](https://github.com/cbegue) fixed an issue in the conversion from  `std::pair` and `std::tuple` to `json`.
+- [Anthony VH](https://github.com/AnthonyVH) fixed a compile error in an enum deserialization.
+- [Yuriy Vountesmery](https://github.com/ua-code-dragon) noted a subtle bug in a preprocessor check.
+- [Chen](https://github.com/dota17) fixed numerous issues in the library.
+- [Antony Kellermann](https://github.com/aokellermann) added a CI step for GCC 10.1.
+- [Alex](https://github.com/gistrec) fixed an MSVC warning.
+- [Rainer](https://github.com/rvjr) proposed an improvement in the floating-point serialization in CBOR.
+- [Francois Chabot](https://github.com/FrancoisChabot) made performance improvements in the input adapters.
+- [Arthur Sonzogni](https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni) documented how the library can be included via `FetchContent`.
+- [Rimas Misevičius](https://github.com/rmisev) fixed an error message.
+- [Alexander Myasnikov](https://github.com/alexandermyasnikov) fixed some examples and a link in the README.
+- [Hubert Chathi](https://github.com/uhoreg) made CMake's version config file architecture-independent.
+- [OmnipotentEntity](https://github.com/OmnipotentEntity) implemented the binary values for CBOR, MessagePack, BSON, and UBJSON.
+- [ArtemSarmini](https://github.com/ArtemSarmini) fixed a compilation issue with GCC 10 and fixed a leak.
+- [Evgenii Sopov](https://github.com/sea-kg) integrated the library to the wsjcpp package manager.
+- [Sergey Linev](https://github.com/linev) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [Miguel Magalhães](https://github.com/magamig) fixed the year in the copyright.
+- [Gareth Sylvester-Bradley](https://github.com/garethsb-sony) fixed a compilation issue with MSVC.
+- [Alexander “weej” Jones](https://github.com/alex-weej) fixed an example in the README.
+- [Antoine Cœur](https://github.com/Coeur) fixed some typos in the documentation.
+- [jothepro](https://github.com/jothepro) updated links to the Hunter package.
+- [Dave Lee](https://github.com/kastiglione) fixed link in the README.
+- [Joël Lamotte](https://github.com/Klaim) added instruction for using Build2's package manager.
+- [Paul Jurczak](https://github.com/pauljurczak) fixed an example in the README.
+- [Sonu Lohani](https://github.com/sonulohani) fixed a warning.
+- [Carlos Gomes Martinho](https://github.com/gocarlos) updated the Conan package source.
+- [Konstantin Podsvirov](https://github.com/podsvirov) fixed the MSYS2 package documentation.
+- [Tridacnid](https://github.com/Tridacnid) improved the CMake tests.
+- [Michael](https://github.com/MBalszun) fixed MSVC warnings.
+- [Quentin Barbarat](https://github.com/quentin-dev) fixed an example in the documentation.
+- [XyFreak](https://github.com/XyFreak) fixed a compiler warning.
+- [TotalCaesar659](https://github.com/TotalCaesar659) fixed links in the README.
+- [Tanuj Garg](https://github.com/tanuj208) improved the fuzzer coverage for UBSAN input.
 
 Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I forgot someone.
 
@@ -1147,27 +1461,30 @@ Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I
 The library itself consists of a single header file licensed under the MIT license. However, it is built, tested, documented, and whatnot using a lot of third-party tools and services. Thanks a lot!
 
 - [**amalgamate.py - Amalgamate C source and header files**](https://github.com/edlund/amalgamate) to create a single header file
-- [**American fuzzy lop**](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/) for fuzz testing
+- [**American fuzzy lop**](https://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/) for fuzz testing
 - [**AppVeyor**](https://www.appveyor.com) for [continuous integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json) on Windows
-- [**Artistic Style**](http://astyle.sourceforge.net) for automatic source code identation
-- [**Catch**](https://github.com/philsquared/Catch) for the unit tests
-- [**Clang**](http://clang.llvm.org) for compilation with code sanitizers
-- [**Cmake**](https://cmake.org) for build automation
+- [**Artistic Style**](http://astyle.sourceforge.net) for automatic source code indentation
+- [**CircleCI**](https://circleci.com) for [continuous integration](https://circleci.com/gh/nlohmann/json).
+- [**Clang**](https://clang.llvm.org) for compilation with code sanitizers
+- [**CMake**](https://cmake.org) for build automation
 - [**Codacity**](https://www.codacy.com) for further [code analysis](https://www.codacy.com/app/nlohmann/json)
 - [**Coveralls**](https://coveralls.io) to measure [code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json)
 - [**Coverity Scan**](https://scan.coverity.com) for [static analysis](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
 - [**cppcheck**](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net) for static analysis
-- [**Doxygen**](http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/) to generate [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/)
+- [**doctest**](https://github.com/onqtam/doctest) for the unit tests
+- [**Doxygen**](https://www.doxygen.nl/index.html) to generate [documentation](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/doxygen/index.html)
 - [**git-update-ghpages**](https://github.com/rstacruz/git-update-ghpages) to upload the documentation to gh-pages
 - [**GitHub Changelog Generator**](https://github.com/skywinder/github-changelog-generator) to generate the [ChangeLog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/ChangeLog.md)
 - [**Google Benchmark**](https://github.com/google/benchmark) to implement the benchmarks
-- [**libFuzzer**](http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) to implement fuzz testing for OSS-Fuzz
+- [**Hedley**](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) to avoid re-inventing several compiler-agnostic feature macros
+- [**lcov**](http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php) to process coverage information and create a HTML view
+- [**libFuzzer**](https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) to implement fuzz testing for OSS-Fuzz
 - [**OSS-Fuzz**](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz) for continuous fuzz testing of the library ([project repository](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json))
 - [**Probot**](https://probot.github.io) for automating maintainer tasks such as closing stale issues, requesting missing information, or detecting toxic comments.
 - [**send_to_wandbox**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/doc/scripts/send_to_wandbox.py) to send code examples to [Wandbox](http://melpon.org/wandbox)
 - [**Travis**](https://travis-ci.org) for [continuous integration](https://travis-ci.org/nlohmann/json) on Linux and macOS
-- [**Valgrind**](http://valgrind.org) to check for correct memory management
-- [**Wandbox**](http://melpon.org/wandbox) for [online examples](https://wandbox.org/permlink/TarF5pPn9NtHQjhf)
+- [**Valgrind**](https://valgrind.org) to check for correct memory management
+- [**Wandbox**](https://wandbox.org) for [online examples](https://wandbox.org/permlink/3lCHrFUZANONKv7a)
 
 
 ## Projects using JSON for Modern C++
@@ -1177,18 +1494,56 @@ The library is currently used in Apple macOS Sierra and iOS 10. I am not sure wh
 
 ## Notes
 
-- The code contains numerous debug **assertions** which can be switched off by defining the preprocessor macro `NDEBUG`, see the [documentation of `assert`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert). In particular, note [`operator[]`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a2e26bd0b0168abb61f67ad5bcd5b9fa1.html#a2e26bd0b0168abb61f67ad5bcd5b9fa1) implements **unchecked access** for const objects: If the given key is not present, the behavior is undefined (think of a dereferenced null pointer) and yields an [assertion failure](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/289) if assertions are switched on. If you are not sure whether an element in an object exists, use checked access with the [`at()` function](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a674de1ee73e6bf4843fc5dc1351fb726.html#a674de1ee73e6bf4843fc5dc1351fb726).
-- As the exact type of a number is not defined in the [JSON specification](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159), this library tries to choose the best fitting C++ number type automatically. As a result, the type `double` may be used to store numbers which may yield [**floating-point exceptions**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/181) in certain rare situations if floating-point exceptions have been unmasked in the calling code. These exceptions are not caused by the library and need to be fixed in the calling code, such as by re-masking the exceptions prior to calling library functions.
-- The library supports **Unicode input** as follows:
-  - Only **UTF-8** encoded input is supported which is the default encoding for JSON according to [RFC 7159](http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159#rfc.section.8.1).
-  - Other encodings such as Latin-1, UTF-16, or UTF-32 are not supported and will yield parse or serialization errors.
-  - [Unicode noncharacters](http://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar1) will not be replaced by the library.
-  - Invalid surrogates (e.g., incomplete pairs such as `\uDEAD`) will yield parse errors.
-  - The strings stored in the library are UTF-8 encoded. When using the default string type (`std::string`), note that its length/size functions return the number of stored bytes rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
-- The code can be compiled without C++ **runtime type identification** features; that is, you can use the `-fno-rtti` compiler flag.
-- **Exceptions** are used widely within the library. They can, however, be switched off with either using the compiler flag `-fno-exceptions` or by defining the symbol `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`. In this case, exceptions are replaced by an `abort()` call.
-- By default, the library does not preserve the **insertion order of object elements**. This is standards-compliant, as the [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs". If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can specialize the object type with containers like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546#issuecomment-304447518)) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485#issuecomment-333652309)).
+### Character encoding
 
+The library supports **Unicode input** as follows:
+
+- Only **UTF-8** encoded input is supported which is the default encoding for JSON according to [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html#section-8.1).
+- `std::u16string` and `std::u32string` can be parsed, assuming UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding, respectively. These encodings are not supported when reading from files or other input containers.
+- Other encodings such as Latin-1 or ISO 8859-1 are **not** supported and will yield parse or serialization errors.
+- [Unicode noncharacters](https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar1) will not be replaced by the library.
+- Invalid surrogates (e.g., incomplete pairs such as `\uDEAD`) will yield parse errors.
+- The strings stored in the library are UTF-8 encoded. When using the default string type (`std::string`), note that its length/size functions return the number of stored bytes rather than the number of characters or glyphs.
+- When you store strings with different encodings in the library, calling [`dump()`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5.html#a50ec80b02d0f3f51130d4abb5d1cfdc5) may throw an exception unless `json::error_handler_t::replace` or `json::error_handler_t::ignore` are used as error handlers.
+
+### Comments in JSON
+
+This library does not support comments. It does so for three reasons:
+
+1. Comments are not part of the [JSON specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259). You may argue that `//` or `/* */` are allowed in JavaScript, but JSON is not JavaScript.
+2. This was not an oversight: Douglas Crockford [wrote on this](https://plus.google.com/118095276221607585885/posts/RK8qyGVaGSr) in May 2012:
+
+	> I removed comments from JSON because I saw people were using them to hold parsing directives, a practice which would have destroyed interoperability.  I know that the lack of comments makes some people sad, but it shouldn't. 
+
+	> Suppose you are using JSON to keep configuration files, which you would like to annotate. Go ahead and insert all the comments you like. Then pipe it through JSMin before handing it to your JSON parser.
+
+3. It is dangerous for interoperability if some libraries would add comment support while others don't. Please check [The Harmful Consequences of the Robustness Principle](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-iab-protocol-maintenance-01) on this.
+
+This library will not support comments in the future. If you wish to use comments, I see three options:
+
+1. Strip comments before using this library.
+2. Use a different JSON library with comment support.
+3. Use a format that natively supports comments (e.g., YAML or JSON5).
+
+### Order of object keys
+
+By default, the library does not preserve the **insertion order of object elements**. This is standards-compliant, as the [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs". If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can specialize the object type with containers like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546#issuecomment-304447518)) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485#issuecomment-333652309)).
+
+### Memory Release
+
+We checked with Valgrind and the Address Sanitizer (ASAN) that there are no memory leaks. 
+
+If you find that a parsing program with this library does not release memory, please consider the following case and it maybe unrelated to this library. 
+
+**Your program is compiled with glibc.** There is a tunable threshold that glibc uses to decide whether to actually return memory to the system or whether to cache it for later reuse. If in your program you make lots of small allocations and those small allocations are not a contiguous block and are presumably below the threshold, then they will not get returned to the OS.
+Here is a related issue [#1924](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/1924).
+
+### Further notes
+
+- The code contains numerous debug **assertions** which can be switched off by defining the preprocessor macro `NDEBUG`, see the [documentation of `assert`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/assert). In particular, note [`operator[]`](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a233b02b0839ef798942dd46157cc0fe6.html#a233b02b0839ef798942dd46157cc0fe6) implements **unchecked access** for const objects: If the given key is not present, the behavior is undefined (think of a dereferenced null pointer) and yields an [assertion failure](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/289) if assertions are switched on. If you are not sure whether an element in an object exists, use checked access with the [`at()` function](https://nlohmann.github.io/json/classnlohmann_1_1basic__json_a73ae333487310e3302135189ce8ff5d8.html#a73ae333487310e3302135189ce8ff5d8).
+- As the exact type of a number is not defined in the [JSON specification](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html), this library tries to choose the best fitting C++ number type automatically. As a result, the type `double` may be used to store numbers which may yield [**floating-point exceptions**](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/181) in certain rare situations if floating-point exceptions have been unmasked in the calling code. These exceptions are not caused by the library and need to be fixed in the calling code, such as by re-masking the exceptions prior to calling library functions.
+- The code can be compiled without C++ **runtime type identification** features; that is, you can use the `-fno-rtti` compiler flag.
+- **Exceptions** are used widely within the library. They can, however, be switched off with either using the compiler flag `-fno-exceptions` or by defining the symbol `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`. In this case, exceptions are replaced by `abort()` calls. You can further control this behavior by defining `JSON_THROW_USER´` (overriding `throw`), `JSON_TRY_USER` (overriding `try`), and `JSON_CATCH_USER` (overriding `catch`). Note that `JSON_THROW_USER` should leave the current scope (e.g., by throwing or aborting), as continuing after it may yield undefined behavior.
 
 ## Execute unit tests
 
@@ -1197,7 +1552,7 @@ To compile and run the tests, you need to execute
 ```sh
 $ mkdir build
 $ cd build
-$ cmake ..
+$ cmake .. -DJSON_BuildTests=On
 $ cmake --build .
 $ ctest --output-on-failure
 ```

appveyor.yml

@@ -3,57 +3,124 @@ version: '{build}'
 environment:
   matrix:
     - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Debug
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+      configuration: Debug
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      configuration: Debug
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      configuration: Debug
+      platform: x64
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Debug
       COMPILER: mingw
       platform: x86
-      FLAGS: ""
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
       GENERATOR: Ninja
 
     - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Release
+      COMPILER: mingw
       platform: x86
-      FLAGS: ""
-      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
-
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
-      platform: x86
-      FLAGS: ""
-      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
-
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
-      platform: x86
-      FLAGS: "/permissive- /std:c++latest /utf-8"
-      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Ninja
 
     - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
-      platform: x64
-      FLAGS: ""
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      name: with_win_header
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
       GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
 
     - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
-      platform: x64
-      FLAGS: ""
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/permissive- /std:c++latest /utf-8"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
       GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
 
-    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x86
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+      configuration: Release
       platform: x64
-      FLAGS: "/permissive- /std:c++latest /utf-8"
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
+
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x64
+      CXX_FLAGS: "/permissive- /std:c++latest /Zc:__cplusplus /utf-8 /F4000000"
+      LINKER_FLAGS: "/STACK:4000000"
       GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
 
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      configuration: Release
+      platform: x64
+      CXX_FLAGS: ""
+      LINKER_FLAGS: ""
+      GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+
 init:
   - cmake --version
   - msbuild /version
 
 install:
-  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw" appveyor DownloadFile https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v1.6.0/ninja-win.zip -FileName ninja.zip
-  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw" 7z x ninja.zip -oC:\projects\deps\ninja > nul
-  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw" set PATH=C:\projects\deps\ninja;%PATH%
-  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw" set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.3.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\bin;%PATH%
-  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw" g++ --version
+  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw"  appveyor DownloadFile https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v1.6.0/ninja-win.zip -FileName ninja.zip
+  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw"  7z x ninja.zip -oC:\projects\deps\ninja > nul
+  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw"  set PATH=C:\projects\deps\ninja;%PATH%
+  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw"  set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\x86_64-7.3.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0\mingw64\bin;%PATH%
+  - if "%COMPILER%"=="mingw"  g++ --version
+  - if "%platform%"=="x86"    set GENERATOR_PLATFORM=Win32
 
 before_build:
-  - cmake . -G "%GENERATOR%" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="%FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_IGNORE_PATH="C:/Program Files/Git/usr/bin"
+  # for with_win_header build, inject the inclusion of Windows.h to the single-header library
+  - ps: if ($env:name -Eq "with_win_header") { $header_path = "single_include\nlohmann\json.hpp" }
+  - ps: if ($env:name -Eq "with_win_header") { "#include <Windows.h>`n" + (Get-Content $header_path | Out-String) | Set-Content $header_path }
+  - if "%GENERATOR%"=="Ninja" (cmake . -G "%GENERATOR%" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="%configuration%" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="%CXX_FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="%LINKER_FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_IGNORE_PATH="C:/Program Files/Git/usr/bin" -DJSON_BuildTests=On) else (cmake . -G "%GENERATOR%" -A "%GENERATOR_PLATFORM%" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="%CXX_FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="%LINKER_FLAGS%" -DCMAKE_IGNORE_PATH="C:/Program Files/Git/usr/bin" -DJSON_BuildTests=On)
 
 build_script:
-  - cmake --build . --config Release
+  - cmake --build . --config "%configuration%"
 
 test_script:
-  - ctest -C Release -V -j
+  - if "%configuration%"=="Release" ctest -C "%configuration%" -V -j
+  # On Debug builds, skip test-unicode_all
+  # as it is extremely slow to run and cause
+  # occasional timeouts on AppVeyor.
+  # More info: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1570
+  - if "%configuration%"=="Debug" ctest --exclude-regex "test-unicode" -C "%configuration%" -V -j

benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -14,14 +14,12 @@ add_subdirectory(thirdparty/benchmark)
 include_directories(thirdparty)
 include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../single_include)
 
-# copy test files to build folder
-file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/data DESTINATION .)
-file(COPY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../test/data/regression/floats.json
-          ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../test/data/regression/unsigned_ints.json
-          ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../test/data/regression/signed_ints.json
-    DESTINATION data/numbers)
+# download test data
+include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/download_test_data.cmake)
 
 # benchmark binary
 add_executable(json_benchmarks src/benchmarks.cpp)
 target_compile_features(json_benchmarks PRIVATE cxx_std_11)
 target_link_libraries(json_benchmarks benchmark ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+add_dependencies(json_benchmarks download_test_data)
+target_include_directories(json_benchmarks PRIVATE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/include)

benchmarks/src/benchmarks.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 #include <fstream>
+#include <test_data.hpp>
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
@@ -28,14 +29,14 @@ static void ParseFile(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
     std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
     state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * file.tellg());
 }
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, jeopardy,      "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, canada,        "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, citm_catalog,  "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, twitter,       "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, floats,        "data/numbers/floats.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, signed_ints,   "data/numbers/signed_ints.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, unsigned_ints, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json");
-
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, jeopardy,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, canada,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, citm_catalog,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, twitter,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, floats,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, signed_ints,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, unsigned_ints,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseFile, small_signed_ints, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json");
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // parse JSON from string
@@ -61,13 +62,14 @@ static void ParseString(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename)
 
     state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * str.size());
 }
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, jeopardy,      "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, canada,        "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, citm_catalog,  "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, twitter,       "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, floats,        "data/numbers/floats.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, signed_ints,   "data/numbers/signed_ints.json");
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, unsigned_ints, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, jeopardy,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, canada,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, citm_catalog,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, twitter,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, floats,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, signed_ints,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, unsigned_ints,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json");
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(ParseString, small_signed_ints, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json");
 
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -87,20 +89,22 @@ static void Dump(benchmark::State& state, const char* filename, int indent)
 
     state.SetBytesProcessed(state.iterations() * j.dump(indent).size());
 }
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / -,      "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json",                 -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / 4,      "data/jeopardy/jeopardy.json",                 4);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / -,        "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json",       -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / 4,        "data/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json",       4);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / -,  "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / 4,  "data/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", 4);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / -,       "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / 4,       "data/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      4);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / -,        "data/numbers/floats.json",                    -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / 4,        "data/numbers/floats.json",                    4);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / -,   "data/numbers/signed_ints.json",               -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / 4,   "data/numbers/signed_ints.json",               4);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / -, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json",             -1);
-BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / 4, "data/numbers/unsigned_ints.json",             4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / -,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json",                 -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, jeopardy / 4,          TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json",                 4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / -,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json",       -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, canada / 4,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json",       4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / -,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, citm_catalog / 4,      TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json", 4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / -,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, twitter / 4,           TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json",      4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / -,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",                 -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, floats / 4,            TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/floats.json",                 4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / -,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",            -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, signed_ints / 4,       TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/signed_ints.json",            4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / -,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",          -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, unsigned_ints / 4,     TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/unsigned_ints.json",          4);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, small_signed_ints / -, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json",      -1);
+BENCHMARK_CAPTURE(Dump, small_signed_ints / 4, TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/regression/small_signed_ints.json",      4);
 
 
 BENCHMARK_MAIN();

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/AUTHORS

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Arne Beer <arne@twobeer.de>
 Carto
 Christopher Seymour <chris.j.seymour@hotmail.com>
 David Coeurjolly <david.coeurjolly@liris.cnrs.fr>
+Deniz Evrenci <denizevrenci@gmail.com>
 Dirac Research 
 Dominik Czarnota <dominik.b.czarnota@gmail.com>
 Eric Fiselier <eric@efcs.ca>
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ Kishan Kumar <kumar.kishan@outlook.com>
 Lei Xu <eddyxu@gmail.com>
 Matt Clarkson <mattyclarkson@gmail.com>
 Maxim Vafin <maxvafin@gmail.com>
+MongoDB Inc.
 Nick Hutchinson <nshutchinson@gmail.com>
 Oleksandr Sochka <sasha.sochka@gmail.com>
 Paul Redmond <paul.redmond@gmail.com>
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ Radoslav Yovchev <radoslav.tm@gmail.com>
 Roman Lebedev <lebedev.ri@gmail.com>
 Shuo Chen <chenshuo@chenshuo.com>
 Steinar H. Gunderson <sgunderson@bigfoot.com>
+Stripe, Inc.
 Yixuan Qiu <yixuanq@gmail.com>
 Yusuke Suzuki <utatane.tea@gmail.com>
 Zbigniew Skowron <zbychs@gmail.com>

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+licenses(["notice"])
+
+config_setting(
+    name = "windows",
+    values = {
+        "cpu": "x64_windows",
+    },
+    visibility = [":__subpackages__"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "benchmark",
+    srcs = glob(
+        [
+            "src/*.cc",
+            "src/*.h",
+        ],
+        exclude = ["src/benchmark_main.cc"],
+    ),
+    hdrs = ["include/benchmark/benchmark.h"],
+    linkopts = select({
+        ":windows": ["-DEFAULTLIB:shlwapi.lib"],
+        "//conditions:default": ["-pthread"],
+    }),
+    strip_include_prefix = "include",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "benchmark_main",
+    srcs = ["src/benchmark_main.cc"],
+    hdrs = ["include/benchmark/benchmark.h"],
+    strip_include_prefix = "include",
+    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    deps = [":benchmark"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "benchmark_internal_headers",
+    hdrs = glob(["src/*.h"]),
+    visibility = ["//test:__pkg__"],
+)

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -27,10 +27,48 @@ option(BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES "Allow the downloading and in-tree buildi
 # in cases where it is not possible to build or find a valid version of gtest.
 option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS "Enable building the unit tests which depend on gtest" ON)
 
+set(ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS_DEFAULT OFF)
+function(should_enable_assembly_tests)
+  if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+    string(TOLOWER ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER)
+    if (${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE_LOWER} MATCHES "coverage")
+      # FIXME: The --coverage flag needs to be removed when building assembly
+      # tests for this to work.
+      return()
+    endif()
+  endif()
+  if (MSVC)
+    return()
+  elseif(NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64")
+    return()
+  elseif(NOT CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
+    # FIXME: Make these work on 32 bit builds
+    return()
+  elseif(BENCHMARK_BUILD_32_BITS)
+     # FIXME: Make these work on 32 bit builds
+    return()
+  endif()
+  find_program(LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE FileCheck)
+  if (LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE)
+    set(LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE "${LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE}" CACHE PATH "llvm filecheck" FORCE)
+    message(STATUS "LLVM FileCheck Found: ${LLVM_FILECHECK_EXE}")
+  else()
+    message(STATUS "Failed to find LLVM FileCheck")
+    return()
+  endif()
+  set(ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS_DEFAULT ON PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+should_enable_assembly_tests()
+
+# This option disables the building and running of the assembly verification tests
+option(BENCHMARK_ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS "Enable building and running the assembly tests"
+    ${ENABLE_ASSEMBLY_TESTS_DEFAULT})
+
 # Make sure we can import out CMake functions
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Modules")
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
 
+
 # Read the git tags to determine the project version
 include(GetGitVersion)
 get_git_version(GIT_VERSION)
@@ -178,7 +216,7 @@ if (BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
     # linker flags appear before all linker inputs and -lc++ must appear after.
     list(APPEND BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES c++)
   else()
-    message(FATAL "-DBENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON is not supported for compiler")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "-DBENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX:BOOL=ON is not supported for compiler")
   endif()
 endif(BENCHMARK_USE_LIBCXX)
 

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# How to contribute #
+
+We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project.  There are
+a just a few small guidelines you need to follow.
+
+
+## Contributor License Agreement ##
+
+Contributions to any Google project must be accompanied by a Contributor
+License Agreement.  This is not a copyright **assignment**, it simply gives
+Google permission to use and redistribute your contributions as part of the
+project.
+
+  * If you are an individual writing original source code and you're sure you
+    own the intellectual property, then you'll need to sign an [individual
+    CLA][].
+
+  * If you work for a company that wants to allow you to contribute your work,
+    then you'll need to sign a [corporate CLA][].
+
+You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted
+one (even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it
+again.
+
+[individual CLA]: https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/individual
+[corporate CLA]: https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate
+
+Once your CLA is submitted (or if you already submitted one for
+another Google project), make a commit adding yourself to the
+[AUTHORS][] and [CONTRIBUTORS][] files. This commit can be part
+of your first [pull request][].
+
+[AUTHORS]: AUTHORS
+[CONTRIBUTORS]: CONTRIBUTORS
+
+
+## Submitting a patch ##
+
+  1. It's generally best to start by opening a new issue describing the bug or
+     feature you're intending to fix.  Even if you think it's relatively minor,
+     it's helpful to know what people are working on.  Mention in the initial
+     issue that you are planning to work on that bug or feature so that it can
+     be assigned to you.
+
+  1. Follow the normal process of [forking][] the project, and setup a new
+     branch to work in.  It's important that each group of changes be done in
+     separate branches in order to ensure that a pull request only includes the
+     commits related to that bug or feature.
+
+  1. Do your best to have [well-formed commit messages][] for each change.
+     This provides consistency throughout the project, and ensures that commit
+     messages are able to be formatted properly by various git tools.
+
+  1. Finally, push the commits to your fork and submit a [pull request][].
+
+[forking]: https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo
+[well-formed commit messages]: http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html
+[pull request]: https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Billy Robert O'Neal III <billy.oneal@gmail.com> <bion@microsoft.com>
 Chris Kennelly <ckennelly@google.com> <ckennelly@ckennelly.com>
 Christopher Seymour <chris.j.seymour@hotmail.com>
 David Coeurjolly <david.coeurjolly@liris.cnrs.fr>
+Deniz Evrenci <denizevrenci@gmail.com>
 Dominic Hamon <dma@stripysock.com> <dominic@google.com>
 Dominik Czarnota <dominik.b.czarnota@gmail.com>
 Eric Fiselier <eric@efcs.ca>
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ Ismael Jimenez Martinez <ismael.jimenez.martinez@gmail.com>
 Jern-Kuan Leong <jernkuan@gmail.com>
 JianXiong Zhou <zhoujianxiong2@gmail.com>
 Joao Paulo Magalhaes <joaoppmagalhaes@gmail.com>
+John Millikin <jmillikin@stripe.com>
 Jussi Knuuttila <jussi.knuuttila@gmail.com>
 Kai Wolf <kai.wolf@gmail.com>
 Kishan Kumar <kumar.kishan@outlook.com>
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ Pierre Phaneuf <pphaneuf@google.com>
 Radoslav Yovchev <radoslav.tm@gmail.com>
 Raul Marin <rmrodriguez@cartodb.com>
 Ray Glover <ray.glover@uk.ibm.com>
+Robert Guo <robert.guo@mongodb.com>
 Roman Lebedev <lebedev.ri@gmail.com>
 Shuo Chen <chenshuo@chenshuo.com>
 Tobias Ulvgård <tobias.ulvgard@dirac.se>

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/README.md

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ IRC channel: https://freenode.net #googlebenchmark
 
 [Additional Tooling Documentation](docs/tools.md)
 
+[Assembly Testing Documentation](docs/AssemblyTests.md)
+
 
 ## Building
 
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ The basic steps for configuring and building the library look like this:
 
 ```bash
 $ git clone https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
-# Benchmark requires GTest as a dependency. Add the source tree as a subdirectory.
+# Benchmark requires Google Test as a dependency. Add the source tree as a subdirectory.
 $ git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git benchmark/googletest
 $ mkdir build && cd build
 $ cmake -G <generator> [options] ../benchmark
@@ -29,15 +31,13 @@ $ cmake -G <generator> [options] ../benchmark
 $ make
 ```
 
-Note that Google Benchmark requires GTest to build and run the tests. This
-dependency can be provided three ways:
+Note that Google Benchmark requires Google Test to build and run the tests. This
+dependency can be provided two ways:
 
-* Checkout the GTest sources into `benchmark/googletest`.
+* Checkout the Google Test sources into `benchmark/googletest` as above.
 * Otherwise, if `-DBENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=ON` is specified during
   configuration, the library will automatically download and build any required
   dependencies.
-* Otherwise, if nothing is done, CMake will use `find_package(GTest REQUIRED)`
-  to resolve the required GTest dependency.
 
 If you do not wish to build and run the tests, add `-DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS=OFF`
 to `CMAKE_ARGS`.
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Now, let's clone the repository and build it
 ```
 git clone https://github.com/google/benchmark.git
 cd benchmark
+git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ We need to install the library globally now
 sudo make install
 ```
 
-Now you have google/benchmark installed in your machine 
+Now you have google/benchmark installed in your machine
 Note: Don't forget to link to pthread library while building
 
 ## Stable and Experimental Library Versions
@@ -86,6 +87,11 @@ to use, test, and provide feedback on the new features are encouraged to try
 this branch. However, this branch provides no stability guarantees and reserves
 the right to change and break the API at any time.
 
+##Prerequisite knowledge
+
+Before attempting to understand this framework one should ideally have some familiarity with the structure and format of the Google Test framework, upon which it is based. Documentation for Google Test, including a "Getting Started" (primer) guide, is available here:
+https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/Documentation.md
+
 
 ## Example usage
 ### Basic usage
@@ -112,7 +118,10 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_StringCopy);
 BENCHMARK_MAIN();
 ```
 
-Don't forget to inform your linker to add benchmark library e.g. through `-lbenchmark` compilation flag.
+Don't forget to inform your linker to add benchmark library e.g. through 
+`-lbenchmark` compilation flag. Alternatively, you may leave out the 
+`BENCHMARK_MAIN();` at the end of the source file and link against 
+`-lbenchmark_main` to get the same default behavior.
 
 The benchmark library will reporting the timing for the code within the `for(...)` loop.
 
@@ -821,7 +830,7 @@ BM_SetInsert/1024/10                       33157      33648      21431  1.13369M
 The JSON format outputs human readable json split into two top level attributes.
 The `context` attribute contains information about the run in general, including
 information about the CPU and the date.
-The `benchmarks` attribute contains a list of ever benchmark run. Example json
+The `benchmarks` attribute contains a list of every benchmark run. Example json
 output looks like:
 ```json
 {
@@ -893,8 +902,11 @@ If you are using gcc, you might need to set `GCC_AR` and `GCC_RANLIB` cmake cach
 If you are using clang, you may need to set `LLVMAR_EXECUTABLE`, `LLVMNM_EXECUTABLE` and `LLVMRANLIB_EXECUTABLE` cmake cache variables.
 
 ## Linking against the library
-When using gcc, it is necessary to link against pthread to avoid runtime exceptions.
-This is due to how gcc implements std::thread.
+
+When the library is built using GCC it is necessary to link with `-pthread`,
+due to how GCC implements `std::thread`.
+
+For GCC 4.x failing to link to pthreads will lead to runtime exceptions, not linker errors.
 See [issue #67](https://github.com/google/benchmark/issues/67) for more details.
 
 ## Compiler Support
@@ -928,8 +940,11 @@ sudo cpupower frequency-set --governor powersave
 
 # Known Issues
 
-### Windows
+### Windows with CMake
 
 * Users must manually link `shlwapi.lib`. Failure to do so may result
 in unresolved symbols.
 
+### Solaris
+
+* Users must explicitly link with kstat library (-lkstat compilation flag).

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/WORKSPACE

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+workspace(name = "com_github_google_benchmark")
+
+http_archive(
+     name = "com_google_googletest",
+     urls = ["https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/3f0cf6b62ad1eb50d8736538363d3580dd640c3e.zip"],
+     strip_prefix = "googletest-3f0cf6b62ad1eb50d8736538363d3580dd640c3e",
+)

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+version: '{build}'
+
+image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+configuration:
+  - Debug
+  - Release
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - compiler: msvc-15-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-15-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-14-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-14-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-12-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 12 2013"
+
+    - compiler: msvc-12-seh
+      generator: "Visual Studio 12 2013 Win64"
+
+    - compiler: gcc-5.3.0-posix
+      generator: "MinGW Makefiles"
+      cxx_path: 'C:\mingw-w64\i686-5.3.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v4-rev0\mingw32\bin'
+      APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
+
+matrix:
+  fast_finish: true
+
+install:
+  # git bash conflicts with MinGW makefiles
+  - if "%generator%"=="MinGW Makefiles" (set "PATH=%PATH:C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;=%")
+  - if not "%cxx_path%"=="" (set "PATH=%PATH%;%cxx_path%")
+
+build_script:
+  - md _build -Force
+  - cd _build
+  - echo %configuration%
+  - cmake -G "%generator%" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%configuration%" -DBENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES=ON ..
+  - cmake --build . --config %configuration%
+
+test_script:
+  - ctest -c %configuration% --timeout 300 --output-on-failure
+
+artifacts:
+  - path: '_build/CMakeFiles/*.log'
+    name: logs
+  - path: '_build/Testing/**/*.xml'
+    name: test_results

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/cmake/AddCXXCompilerFlag.cmake

@@ -62,3 +62,13 @@ function(add_required_cxx_compiler_flag FLAG)
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Required flag '${FLAG}' is not supported by the compiler")
   endif()
 endfunction()
+
+function(check_cxx_warning_flag FLAG)
+  mangle_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" MANGLED_FLAG)
+  set(OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
+  # Add -Werror to ensure the compiler generates an error if the warning flag
+  # doesn't exist.
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} -Werror ${FLAG}")
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" ${MANGLED_FLAG})
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${OLD_CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS}")
+endfunction()

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/cmake/CXXFeatureCheck.cmake

@@ -27,25 +27,27 @@ function(cxx_feature_check FILE)
     return()
   endif()
 
-  message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}")
-  if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
-    try_compile(COMPILE_${FEATURE}
-            ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
-            CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
-            LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
-    if(COMPILE_${FEATURE})
-      message(WARNING
-            "If you see build failures due to cross compilation, try setting HAVE_${VAR} to 0")
-      set(RUN_${FEATURE} 0)
-    else()
-      set(RUN_${FEATURE} 1)
-    endif()
-  else()
+  if (NOT DEFINED COMPILE_${FEATURE})
     message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}")
-    try_run(RUN_${FEATURE} COMPILE_${FEATURE}
-            ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
-            CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
-            LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
+    if(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
+      try_compile(COMPILE_${FEATURE}
+              ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
+              CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
+              LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
+      if(COMPILE_${FEATURE})
+        message(WARNING
+              "If you see build failures due to cross compilation, try setting HAVE_${VAR} to 0")
+        set(RUN_${FEATURE} 0)
+      else()
+        set(RUN_${FEATURE} 1)
+      endif()
+    else()
+      message("-- Performing Test ${FEATURE}")
+      try_run(RUN_${FEATURE} COMPILE_${FEATURE}
+              ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/${FILE}.cpp
+              CMAKE_FLAGS ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LINKER_FLAGS}
+              LINK_LIBRARIES ${BENCHMARK_CXX_LIBRARIES})
+    endif()
   endif()
 
   if(RUN_${FEATURE} EQUAL 0)

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/cmake/GetGitVersion.cmake

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ set(__get_git_version INCLUDED)
 function(get_git_version var)
   if(GIT_EXECUTABLE)
       execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} describe --match "v[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*" --abbrev=8
+          WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
           RESULT_VARIABLE status
           OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_VERSION
           ERROR_QUIET)
@@ -33,9 +34,11 @@ function(get_git_version var)
 
       # Work out if the repository is dirty
       execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} update-index -q --refresh
+          WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
           OUTPUT_QUIET
           ERROR_QUIET)
       execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} diff-index --name-only HEAD --
+          WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}
           OUTPUT_VARIABLE GIT_DIFF_INDEX
           ERROR_QUIET)
       string(COMPARE NOTEQUAL "${GIT_DIFF_INDEX}" "" GIT_DIRTY)

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/cmake/HandleGTest.cmake

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 
-macro(split_list listname)
-  string(REPLACE ";" " " ${listname} "${${listname}}")
-endmacro()
+include(split_list)
 
 macro(build_external_gtest)
   include(ExternalProject)
@@ -23,9 +21,22 @@ macro(build_external_gtest)
   if ("${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "COVERAGE")
     set(GTEST_BUILD_TYPE "DEBUG")
   endif()
+  # FIXME: Since 10/Feb/2017 the googletest trunk has had a bug where
+  # -Werror=unused-function fires during the build on OS X. This is a temporary
+  # workaround to keep our travis bots from failing. It should be removed
+  # once gtest is fixed.
+  if (NOT "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
+    list(APPEND GTEST_FLAGS "-Wno-unused-function")
+  endif()
   split_list(GTEST_FLAGS)
+  set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_OPT "")
+  set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_VALUE "")
+  if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER "3.0.99")
+      set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_OPT "EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL")
+      set(EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_VALUE "ON")
+  endif()
   ExternalProject_Add(googletest
-      EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL ON
+      ${EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_OPT} ${EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL_VALUE}
       GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
       GIT_TAG master
       PREFIX "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest"
@@ -35,45 +46,68 @@ macro(build_external_gtest)
         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:STRING=${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}
         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:STRING=${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=<INSTALL_DIR>
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR:PATH=<INSTALL_DIR>/lib
         -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS:STRING=${GTEST_FLAGS}
         -Dgtest_force_shared_crt:BOOL=ON
       )
 
   ExternalProject_Get_Property(googletest install_dir)
-
-  add_library(gtest UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
-  add_library(gtest_main UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+  set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${install_dir}/include)
+  file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 
   set(LIB_SUFFIX "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
   set(LIB_PREFIX "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}")
-
   if("${GTEST_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "DEBUG")
     set(LIB_SUFFIX "d${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
   endif()
-  file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${install_dir}/include)
-  set_target_properties(gtest PROPERTIES
-    IMPORTED_LOCATION ${install_dir}/lib/${LIB_PREFIX}gtest${LIB_SUFFIX}
-    INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${install_dir}/include
-  )
-  set_target_properties(gtest_main PROPERTIES
-    IMPORTED_LOCATION ${install_dir}/lib/${LIB_PREFIX}gtest_main${LIB_SUFFIX}
-    INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${install_dir}/include
-  )
-  add_dependencies(gtest googletest)
-  add_dependencies(gtest_main googletest)
-  set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest gtest_main)
-  #set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${install_dir}/include)
+
+  # Use gmock_main instead of gtest_main because it initializes gtest as well.
+  # Note: The libraries are listed in reverse order of their dependancies.
+  foreach(LIB gtest gmock gmock_main)
+    add_library(${LIB} UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+    set_target_properties(${LIB} PROPERTIES
+      IMPORTED_LOCATION ${install_dir}/lib/${LIB_PREFIX}${LIB}${LIB_SUFFIX}
+      INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}
+      INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES}"
+    )
+    add_dependencies(${LIB} googletest)
+    list(APPEND GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES ${LIB})
+  endforeach()
 endmacro(build_external_gtest)
 
 if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS)
   if (IS_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest)
+    set(GTEST_ROOT "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest")
     set(INSTALL_GTEST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
     set(INSTALL_GMOCK OFF CACHE INTERNAL "")
     add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/googletest)
-    set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest gtest_main)
+    set(GTEST_BOTH_LIBRARIES gtest gmock gmock_main)
+    foreach(HEADER test mock)
+      # CMake 2.8 and older don't respect INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, so we
+      # have to add the paths ourselves.
+      set(HFILE g${HEADER}/g${HEADER}.h)
+      set(HPATH ${GTEST_ROOT}/google${HEADER}/include)
+      find_path(HEADER_PATH_${HEADER} ${HFILE}
+          NO_DEFAULT_PATHS
+          HINTS ${HPATH}
+      )
+      if (NOT HEADER_PATH_${HEADER})
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find header ${HFILE} in ${HPATH}")
+      endif()
+      list(APPEND GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${HEADER_PATH_${HEADER}})
+    endforeach()
   elseif(BENCHMARK_DOWNLOAD_DEPENDENCIES)
     build_external_gtest()
   else()
     find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
+    find_path(GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIRS gmock/gmock.h
+        HINTS ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    if (NOT GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIRS)
+      message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find header gmock/gmock.h with hint ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+    endif()
+    set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS ${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    # FIXME: We don't currently require the gmock library to build the tests,
+    # and it's likely we won't find it, so we don't try. As long as we've
+    # found the gmock/gmock.h header and gtest_main that should be good enough.
   endif()
 endif()

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/cmake/split_list.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+macro(split_list listname)
+  string(REPLACE ";" " " ${listname} "${${listname}}")
+endmacro()

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/docs/AssemblyTests.md

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# Assembly Tests
+
+The Benchmark library provides a number of functions whose primary
+purpose in to affect assembly generation, including `DoNotOptimize`
+and `ClobberMemory`. In addition there are other functions,
+such as `KeepRunning`, for which generating good assembly is paramount.
+
+For these functions it's important to have tests that verify the
+correctness and quality of the implementation. This requires testing
+the code generated by the compiler.
+
+This document describes how the Benchmark library tests compiler output,
+as well as how to properly write new tests.
+
+
+## Anatomy of a Test
+
+Writing a test has two steps:
+
+* Write the code you want to generate assembly for.
+* Add `// CHECK` lines to match against the verified assembly.
+
+Example:
+```c++
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: test_add:
+extern "C" int test_add() {
+    extern int ExternInt;
+    return ExternInt + 1;
+
+    // CHECK: movl ExternInt(%rip), %eax
+    // CHECK: addl %eax
+    // CHECK: ret
+}
+
+```
+
+#### LLVM Filecheck
+
+[LLVM's Filecheck](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html)
+is used to test the generated assembly against the `// CHECK` lines
+specified in the tests source file. Please see the documentation
+linked above for information on how to write `CHECK` directives.
+
+#### Tips and Tricks:
+
+* Tests should match the minimal amount of output required to establish
+correctness. `CHECK` directives don't have to match on the exact next line
+after the previous match, so tests should omit checks for unimportant
+bits of assembly. ([`CHECK-NEXT`](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#the-check-next-directive)
+can be used to ensure a match occurs exactly after the previous match).
+
+* The tests are compiled with `-O3 -g0`. So we're only testing the
+optimized output.
+
+* The assembly output is further cleaned up using `tools/strip_asm.py`.
+This removes comments, assembler directives, and unused labels before
+the test is run.
+
+* The generated and stripped assembly file for a test is output under
+`<build-directory>/test/<test-name>.s`
+
+* Filecheck supports using [`CHECK` prefixes](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#cmdoption-check-prefixes)
+to specify lines that should only match in certain situations.
+The Benchmark tests use `CHECK-CLANG` and `CHECK-GNU` for lines that
+are only expected to match Clang or GCC's output respectively. Normal
+`CHECK` lines match against all compilers. (Note: `CHECK-NOT` and
+`CHECK-LABEL` are NOT prefixes. They are versions of non-prefixed
+`CHECK` lines)
+
+* Use `extern "C"` to disable name mangling for specific functions. This
+makes them easier to name in the `CHECK` lines.
+
+
+## Problems Writing Portable Tests
+
+Writing tests which check the code generated by a compiler are
+inherently non-portable. Different compilers and even different compiler
+versions may generate entirely different code. The Benchmark tests
+must tolerate this.
+
+LLVM Filecheck provides a number of mechanisms to help write
+"more portable" tests; including [matching using regular expressions](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#filecheck-pattern-matching-syntax),
+allowing the creation of [named variables](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#filecheck-variables)
+for later matching, and [checking non-sequential matches](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/FileCheck.html#the-check-dag-directive).
+
+#### Capturing Variables
+
+For example, say GCC stores a variable in a register but Clang stores
+it in memory. To write a test that tolerates both cases we "capture"
+the destination of the store, and then use the captured expression
+to write the remainder of the test.
+
+```c++
+// CHECK-LABEL: test_div_no_op_into_shr:
+extern "C" void test_div_no_op_into_shr(int value) {
+    int divisor = 2;
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(divisor); // hide the value from the optimizer
+    return value / divisor;
+
+    // CHECK: movl $2, [[DEST:.*]]
+    // CHECK: idivl [[DEST]]
+    // CHECK: ret
+}
+```
+
+#### Using Regular Expressions to Match Differing Output
+
+Often tests require testing assembly lines which may subtly differ
+between compilers or compiler versions. A common example of this
+is matching stack frame addresses. In this case regular expressions
+can be used to match the differing bits of output. For example:
+
+```c++
+int ExternInt;
+struct Point { int x, y, z; };
+
+// CHECK-LABEL: test_store_point:
+extern "C" void test_store_point() {
+    Point p{ExternInt, ExternInt, ExternInt};
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(p);
+
+    // CHECK: movl ExternInt(%rip), %eax
+    // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%rsp)
+    // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%rsp)
+    // CHECK: movl %eax, -{{[0-9]+}}(%rsp)
+    // CHECK: ret
+}
+```
+
+## Current Requirements and Limitations
+
+The tests require Filecheck to be installed along the `PATH` of the
+build machine. Otherwise the tests will be disabled.
+
+Additionally, as mentioned in the previous section, codegen tests are
+inherently non-portable. Currently the tests are limited to:
+
+* x86_64 targets.
+* Compiled with GCC or Clang
+
+Further work could be done, at least on a limited basis, to extend the
+tests to other architectures and compilers (using `CHECK` prefixes).
+
+Furthermore, the tests fail for builds which specify additional flags
+that modify code generation, including `--coverage` or `-fsanitize=`.
+

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/docs/tools.md

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+# Benchmark Tools
+
+## compare_bench.py
+
+The `compare_bench.py` utility which can be used to compare the result of benchmarks.
+The program is invoked like:
+
+``` bash
+$ compare_bench.py <old-benchmark> <new-benchmark> [benchmark options]...
+```
+
+Where `<old-benchmark>` and `<new-benchmark>` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file.
+
+`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes.
+
+The sample output using the JSON test files under `Inputs/` gives:
+
+``` bash
+$ ./compare_bench.py ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json
+Comparing ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json to ./gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json
+Benchmark                        Time             CPU      Time Old      Time New       CPU Old       CPU New
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_SameTimes                  +0.0000         +0.0000            10            10            10            10
+BM_2xFaster                   -0.5000         -0.5000            50            25            50            25
+BM_2xSlower                   +1.0000         +1.0000            50           100            50           100
+BM_1PercentFaster             -0.0100         -0.0100           100            99           100            99
+BM_1PercentSlower             +0.0100         +0.0100           100           101           100           101
+BM_10PercentFaster            -0.1000         -0.1000           100            90           100            90
+BM_10PercentSlower            +0.1000         +0.1000           100           110           100           110
+BM_100xSlower                +99.0000        +99.0000           100         10000           100         10000
+BM_100xFaster                 -0.9900         -0.9900         10000           100         10000           100
+BM_10PercentCPUToTime         +0.1000         -0.1000           100           110           100            90
+BM_ThirdFaster                -0.3333         -0.3334           100            67           100            67
+BM_BadTimeUnit                -0.9000         +0.2000             0             0             0             1
+```
+
+As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`.
+
+When a benchmark executable is run, the raw output from the benchmark is printed in real time to stdout. The sample output using `benchmark/basic_test` for both arguments looks like:
+
+```
+./compare_bench.py  test/basic_test test/basic_test  --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.*
+RUNNING: test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpN7LF3a
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 23:28:36
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark                              Time           CPU Iterations
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_empty                               4 ns          4 ns  170178757
+BM_empty/threads:8                     1 ns          7 ns  103868920
+BM_empty_stop_start                    0 ns          0 ns 1000000000
+BM_empty_stop_start/threads:8          0 ns          0 ns 1403031720
+RUNNING: /test/basic_test --benchmark_filter=BM_empty.* --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmplvrIp8
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 23:28:38
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark                              Time           CPU Iterations
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_empty                               4 ns          4 ns  169534855
+BM_empty/threads:8                     1 ns          7 ns  104188776
+BM_empty_stop_start                    0 ns          0 ns 1000000000
+BM_empty_stop_start/threads:8          0 ns          0 ns 1404159424
+Comparing ../build/test/basic_test to ../build/test/basic_test
+Benchmark                                Time             CPU      Time Old      Time New       CPU Old       CPU New
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_empty                              -0.0048         -0.0049             4             4             4             4
+BM_empty/threads:8                    -0.0123         -0.0054             1             1             7             7
+BM_empty_stop_start                   -0.0000         -0.0000             0             0             0             0
+BM_empty_stop_start/threads:8         -0.0029         +0.0001             0             0             0             0
+
+```
+
+As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`.
+Obviously this example doesn't give any useful output, but it's intended to show the output format when 'compare_bench.py' needs to run benchmarks.
+
+## compare.py
+
+The `compare.py` can be used to compare the result of benchmarks.
+There are three modes of operation:
+
+1. Just compare two benchmarks, what `compare_bench.py` did.
+The program is invoked like:
+
+``` bash
+$ compare.py benchmarks <benchmark_baseline> <benchmark_contender> [benchmark options]...
+```
+Where `<benchmark_baseline>` and `<benchmark_contender>` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file.
+
+`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes.
+
+Example output:
+```
+$ ./compare.py benchmarks ./a.out ./a.out
+RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmprBT5nW
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 21:16:44
+------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark               Time           CPU Iterations
+------------------------------------------------------
+BM_memcpy/8            36 ns         36 ns   19101577   211.669MB/s
+BM_memcpy/64           76 ns         76 ns    9412571   800.199MB/s
+BM_memcpy/512          84 ns         84 ns    8249070   5.64771GB/s
+BM_memcpy/1024        116 ns        116 ns    6181763   8.19505GB/s
+BM_memcpy/8192        643 ns        643 ns    1062855   11.8636GB/s
+BM_copy/8             222 ns        222 ns    3137987   34.3772MB/s
+BM_copy/64           1608 ns       1608 ns     432758   37.9501MB/s
+BM_copy/512         12589 ns      12589 ns      54806   38.7867MB/s
+BM_copy/1024        25169 ns      25169 ns      27713   38.8003MB/s
+BM_copy/8192       201165 ns     201112 ns       3486   38.8466MB/s
+RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpt1wwG_
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 21:16:53
+------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark               Time           CPU Iterations
+------------------------------------------------------
+BM_memcpy/8            36 ns         36 ns   19397903   211.255MB/s
+BM_memcpy/64           73 ns         73 ns    9691174   839.635MB/s
+BM_memcpy/512          85 ns         85 ns    8312329   5.60101GB/s
+BM_memcpy/1024        118 ns        118 ns    6438774   8.11608GB/s
+BM_memcpy/8192        656 ns        656 ns    1068644   11.6277GB/s
+BM_copy/8             223 ns        223 ns    3146977   34.2338MB/s
+BM_copy/64           1611 ns       1611 ns     435340   37.8751MB/s
+BM_copy/512         12622 ns      12622 ns      54818   38.6844MB/s
+BM_copy/1024        25257 ns      25239 ns      27779   38.6927MB/s
+BM_copy/8192       205013 ns     205010 ns       3479    38.108MB/s
+Comparing ./a.out to ./a.out
+Benchmark                 Time             CPU      Time Old      Time New       CPU Old       CPU New
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BM_memcpy/8            +0.0020         +0.0020            36            36            36            36
+BM_memcpy/64           -0.0468         -0.0470            76            73            76            73
+BM_memcpy/512          +0.0081         +0.0083            84            85            84            85
+BM_memcpy/1024         +0.0098         +0.0097           116           118           116           118
+BM_memcpy/8192         +0.0200         +0.0203           643           656           643           656
+BM_copy/8              +0.0046         +0.0042           222           223           222           223
+BM_copy/64             +0.0020         +0.0020          1608          1611          1608          1611
+BM_copy/512            +0.0027         +0.0026         12589         12622         12589         12622
+BM_copy/1024           +0.0035         +0.0028         25169         25257         25169         25239
+BM_copy/8192           +0.0191         +0.0194        201165        205013        201112        205010
+```
+
+What it does is for the every benchmark from the first run it looks for the benchmark with exactly the same name in the second run, and then compares the results. If the names differ, the benchmark is omitted from the diff.
+As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`.
+
+2. Compare two different filters of one benchmark
+The program is invoked like:
+
+``` bash
+$ compare.py filters <benchmark> <filter_baseline> <filter_contender> [benchmark options]...
+```
+Where `<benchmark>` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file.
+
+Where `<filter_baseline>` and `<filter_contender>` are the same regex filters that you would pass to the `[--benchmark_filter=<regex>]` parameter of the benchmark binary.
+
+`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes.
+
+Example output:
+```
+$ ./compare.py filters ./a.out BM_memcpy BM_copy
+RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_memcpy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpBWKk0k
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 21:37:28
+------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark               Time           CPU Iterations
+------------------------------------------------------
+BM_memcpy/8            36 ns         36 ns   17891491   211.215MB/s
+BM_memcpy/64           74 ns         74 ns    9400999   825.646MB/s
+BM_memcpy/512          87 ns         87 ns    8027453   5.46126GB/s
+BM_memcpy/1024        111 ns        111 ns    6116853    8.5648GB/s
+BM_memcpy/8192        657 ns        656 ns    1064679   11.6247GB/s
+RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_copy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpAvWcOM
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 21:37:33
+----------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark             Time           CPU Iterations
+----------------------------------------------------
+BM_copy/8           227 ns        227 ns    3038700   33.6264MB/s
+BM_copy/64         1640 ns       1640 ns     426893   37.2154MB/s
+BM_copy/512       12804 ns      12801 ns      55417   38.1444MB/s
+BM_copy/1024      25409 ns      25407 ns      27516   38.4365MB/s
+BM_copy/8192     202986 ns     202990 ns       3454   38.4871MB/s
+Comparing BM_memcpy to BM_copy (from ./a.out)
+Benchmark                               Time             CPU      Time Old      Time New       CPU Old       CPU New
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8            +5.2829         +5.2812            36           227            36           227
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/64          +21.1719        +21.1856            74          1640            74          1640
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/512        +145.6487       +145.6097            87         12804            87         12801
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/1024       +227.1860       +227.1776           111         25409           111         25407
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8192       +308.1664       +308.2898           657        202986           656        202990
+```
+
+As you can see, it applies filter to the benchmarks, both when running the benchmark, and before doing the diff. And to make the diff work, the matches are replaced with some common string. Thus, you can compare two different benchmark families within one benchmark binary.
+As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`.
+
+3. Compare filter one from benchmark one to filter two from benchmark two:
+The program is invoked like:
+
+``` bash
+$ compare.py filters <benchmark_baseline> <filter_baseline> <benchmark_contender> <filter_contender> [benchmark options]...
+```
+
+Where `<benchmark_baseline>` and `<benchmark_contender>` either specify a benchmark executable file, or a JSON output file. The type of the input file is automatically detected. If a benchmark executable is specified then the benchmark is run to obtain the results. Otherwise the results are simply loaded from the output file.
+
+Where `<filter_baseline>` and `<filter_contender>` are the same regex filters that you would pass to the `[--benchmark_filter=<regex>]` parameter of the benchmark binary.
+
+`[benchmark options]` will be passed to the benchmarks invocations. They can be anything that binary accepts, be it either normal `--benchmark_*` parameters, or some custom parameters your binary takes.
+
+Example output:
+```
+$ ./compare.py benchmarksfiltered ./a.out BM_memcpy ./a.out BM_copy
+RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_memcpy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmp_FvbYg
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 21:38:27
+------------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark               Time           CPU Iterations
+------------------------------------------------------
+BM_memcpy/8            37 ns         37 ns   18953482   204.118MB/s
+BM_memcpy/64           74 ns         74 ns    9206578   828.245MB/s
+BM_memcpy/512          91 ns         91 ns    8086195   5.25476GB/s
+BM_memcpy/1024        120 ns        120 ns    5804513   7.95662GB/s
+BM_memcpy/8192        664 ns        664 ns    1028363   11.4948GB/s
+RUNNING: ./a.out --benchmark_filter=BM_copy --benchmark_out=/tmp/tmpDfL5iE
+Run on (8 X 4000 MHz CPU s)
+2017-11-07 21:38:32
+----------------------------------------------------
+Benchmark             Time           CPU Iterations
+----------------------------------------------------
+BM_copy/8           230 ns        230 ns    2985909   33.1161MB/s
+BM_copy/64         1654 ns       1653 ns     419408   36.9137MB/s
+BM_copy/512       13122 ns      13120 ns      53403   37.2156MB/s
+BM_copy/1024      26679 ns      26666 ns      26575   36.6218MB/s
+BM_copy/8192     215068 ns     215053 ns       3221   36.3283MB/s
+Comparing BM_memcpy (from ./a.out) to BM_copy (from ./a.out)
+Benchmark                               Time             CPU      Time Old      Time New       CPU Old       CPU New
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8            +5.1649         +5.1637            37           230            37           230
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/64          +21.4352        +21.4374            74          1654            74          1653
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/512        +143.6022       +143.5865            91         13122            91         13120
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/1024       +221.5903       +221.4790           120         26679           120         26666
+[BM_memcpy vs. BM_copy]/8192       +322.9059       +323.0096           664        215068           664        215053
+```
+This is a mix of the previous two modes, two (potentially different) benchmark binaries are run, and a different filter is applied to each one.
+As you can note, the values in `Time` and `CPU` columns are calculated as `(new - old) / |old|`.

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h

@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ BENCHMARK(BM_test)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond);
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iosfwd>
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ BENCHMARK_UNUSED static int stream_init_anchor = InitializeStreams();
 
 
 #if (!defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)) || defined(__pnacl__) || \
-    defined(EMSCRIPTN)
+    defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
 # define BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_INLINE_ASSEMBLY
 #endif
 
@@ -302,15 +303,20 @@ BENCHMARK_UNUSED static int stream_init_anchor = InitializeStreams();
 // See: https://youtu.be/nXaxk27zwlk?t=2441
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_INLINE_ASSEMBLY
 template <class Tp>
-inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) {
-  // Clang doesn't like the 'X' constraint on `value` and certain GCC versions
-  // don't like the 'g' constraint. Attempt to placate them both.
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+void DoNotOptimize(Tp const& value) {
+    asm volatile("" : : "r,m"(value) : "memory");
+}
+
+template <class Tp>
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void DoNotOptimize(Tp& value) {
 #if defined(__clang__)
-  asm volatile("" : : "g"(value) : "memory");
+  asm volatile("" : "+r,m"(value) : : "memory");
 #else
-  asm volatile("" : : "i,r,m"(value) : "memory");
+  asm volatile("" : "+m,r"(value) : : "memory");
 #endif
 }
+
 // Force the compiler to flush pending writes to global memory. Acts as an
 // effective read/write barrier
 inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE void ClobberMemory() {
@@ -379,7 +385,7 @@ enum BigO { oNone, o1, oN, oNSquared, oNCubed, oLogN, oNLogN, oAuto, oLambda };
 
 // BigOFunc is passed to a benchmark in order to specify the asymptotic
 // computational complexity for the benchmark.
-typedef double(BigOFunc)(int);
+typedef double(BigOFunc)(int64_t);
 
 // StatisticsFunc is passed to a benchmark in order to compute some descriptive
 // statistics over all the measurements of some type
@@ -429,16 +435,19 @@ class State {
   // Returns true if the benchmark should continue through another iteration.
   // NOTE: A benchmark may not return from the test until KeepRunning() has
   // returned false.
-  bool KeepRunning() {
-    if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!started_, false)) {
-      StartKeepRunning();
-    }
-    bool const res = (--total_iterations_ != 0);
-    if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!res, false)) {
-      FinishKeepRunning();
-    }
-    return res;
-  }
+  bool KeepRunning();
+
+  // Returns true iff the benchmark should run n more iterations.
+  // REQUIRES: 'n' > 0.
+  // NOTE: A benchmark must not return from the test until KeepRunningBatch()
+  // has returned false.
+  // NOTE: KeepRunningBatch() may overshoot by up to 'n' iterations.
+  //
+  // Intended usage:
+  //   while (state.KeepRunningBatch(1000)) {
+  //     // process 1000 elements
+  //   }
+  bool KeepRunningBatch(size_t n);
 
   // REQUIRES: timer is running and 'SkipWithError(...)' has not been called
   //           by the current thread.
@@ -505,10 +514,10 @@ class State {
   //
   // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its benchmarking loop.
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  void SetBytesProcessed(size_t bytes) { bytes_processed_ = bytes; }
+  void SetBytesProcessed(int64_t bytes) { bytes_processed_ = bytes; }
 
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  size_t bytes_processed() const { return bytes_processed_; }
+  int64_t bytes_processed() const { return bytes_processed_; }
 
   // If this routine is called with complexity_n > 0 and complexity report is
   // requested for the
@@ -516,10 +525,10 @@ class State {
   // and complexity_n will
   // represent the length of N.
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  void SetComplexityN(int complexity_n) { complexity_n_ = complexity_n; }
+  void SetComplexityN(int64_t complexity_n) { complexity_n_ = complexity_n; }
 
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  int complexity_length_n() { return complexity_n_; }
+  int64_t complexity_length_n() { return complexity_n_; }
 
   // If this routine is called with items > 0, then an items/s
   // label is printed on the benchmark report line for the currently
@@ -528,10 +537,10 @@ class State {
   //
   // REQUIRES: a benchmark has exited its benchmarking loop.
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  void SetItemsProcessed(size_t items) { items_processed_ = items; }
+  void SetItemsProcessed(int64_t items) { items_processed_ = items; }
 
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  size_t items_processed() const { return items_processed_; }
+  int64_t items_processed() const { return items_processed_; }
 
   // If this routine is called, the specified label is printed at the
   // end of the benchmark report line for the currently executing
@@ -539,7 +548,7 @@ class State {
   //  static void BM_Compress(benchmark::State& state) {
   //    ...
   //    double compress = input_size / output_size;
-  //    state.SetLabel(StringPrintf("compress:%.1f%%", 100.0*compression));
+  //    state.SetLabel(StrFormat("compress:%.1f%%", 100.0*compression));
   //  }
   // Produces output that looks like:
   //  BM_Compress   50         50   14115038  compress:27.3%
@@ -553,34 +562,52 @@ class State {
 
   // Range arguments for this run. CHECKs if the argument has been set.
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  int range(std::size_t pos = 0) const {
+  int64_t range(std::size_t pos = 0) const {
     assert(range_.size() > pos);
     return range_[pos];
   }
 
   BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG("use 'range(0)' instead")
-  int range_x() const { return range(0); }
+  int64_t range_x() const { return range(0); }
 
   BENCHMARK_DEPRECATED_MSG("use 'range(1)' instead")
-  int range_y() const { return range(1); }
+  int64_t range_y() const { return range(1); }
 
   BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  size_t iterations() const { return (max_iterations - total_iterations_) + 1; }
+  size_t iterations() const {
+    if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(!started_, false)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return max_iterations - total_iterations_ + batch_leftover_;
+  }
 
- private:
-  bool started_;
-  bool finished_;
+private: // items we expect on the first cache line (ie 64 bytes of the struct)
+
+  // When total_iterations_ is 0, KeepRunning() and friends will return false.
+  // May be larger than max_iterations.
   size_t total_iterations_;
 
-  std::vector<int> range_;
+  // When using KeepRunningBatch(), batch_leftover_ holds the number of
+  // iterations beyond max_iters that were run. Used to track
+  // completed_iterations_ accurately.
+  size_t batch_leftover_;
 
-  size_t bytes_processed_;
-  size_t items_processed_;
-
-  int complexity_n_;
+public:
+  const size_t max_iterations;
 
+private:
+  bool started_;
+  bool finished_;
   bool error_occurred_;
 
+private: // items we don't need on the first cache line
+  std::vector<int64_t> range_;
+
+  int64_t bytes_processed_;
+  int64_t items_processed_;
+
+  int64_t complexity_n_;
+
  public:
   // Container for user-defined counters.
   UserCounters counters;
@@ -588,27 +615,69 @@ class State {
   const int thread_index;
   // Number of threads concurrently executing the benchmark.
   const int threads;
-  const size_t max_iterations;
+
 
   // TODO(EricWF) make me private
-  State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int>& ranges, int thread_i,
+  State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int64_t>& ranges, int thread_i,
         int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer,
         internal::ThreadManager* manager);
 
  private:
   void StartKeepRunning();
+  // Implementation of KeepRunning() and KeepRunningBatch().
+  // is_batch must be true unless n is 1.
+  bool KeepRunningInternal(size_t n, bool is_batch);
   void FinishKeepRunning();
   internal::ThreadTimer* timer_;
   internal::ThreadManager* manager_;
   BENCHMARK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(State);
 };
 
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+bool State::KeepRunning() {
+  return KeepRunningInternal(1, /*is_batch=*/ false);
+}
+
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+bool State::KeepRunningBatch(size_t n) {
+  return KeepRunningInternal(n, /*is_batch=*/ true);
+}
+
+inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE
+bool State::KeepRunningInternal(size_t n, bool is_batch) {
+  // total_iterations_ is set to 0 by the constructor, and always set to a
+  // nonzero value by StartKepRunning().
+  assert(n > 0);
+  // n must be 1 unless is_batch is true.
+  assert(is_batch || n == 1);
+  if (BENCHMARK_BUILTIN_EXPECT(total_iterations_ >= n, true)) {
+    total_iterations_ -= n;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (!started_) {
+    StartKeepRunning();
+    if (!error_occurred_ && total_iterations_ >= n) {
+      total_iterations_-= n;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  // For non-batch runs, total_iterations_ must be 0 by now.
+  if (is_batch && total_iterations_ != 0) {
+    batch_leftover_  = n - total_iterations_;
+    total_iterations_ = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+  FinishKeepRunning();
+  return false;
+}
+
 struct State::StateIterator {
   struct BENCHMARK_UNUSED Value {};
   typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
   typedef Value value_type;
   typedef Value reference;
   typedef Value pointer;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
 
  private:
   friend class State;
@@ -670,7 +739,7 @@ class Benchmark {
   // Run this benchmark once with "x" as the extra argument passed
   // to the function.
   // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1.
-  Benchmark* Arg(int x);
+  Benchmark* Arg(int64_t x);
 
   // Run this benchmark with the given time unit for the generated output report
   Benchmark* Unit(TimeUnit unit);
@@ -678,23 +747,23 @@ class Benchmark {
   // Run this benchmark once for a number of values picked from the
   // range [start..limit].  (start and limit are always picked.)
   // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1.
-  Benchmark* Range(int start, int limit);
+  Benchmark* Range(int64_t start, int64_t limit);
 
   // Run this benchmark once for all values in the range [start..limit] with
   // specific step
   // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept an arg1.
-  Benchmark* DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step = 1);
+  Benchmark* DenseRange(int64_t start, int64_t limit, int step = 1);
 
   // Run this benchmark once with "args" as the extra arguments passed
   // to the function.
   // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept arg1, arg2 ...
-  Benchmark* Args(const std::vector<int>& args);
+  Benchmark* Args(const std::vector<int64_t>& args);
 
   // Equivalent to Args({x, y})
   // NOTE: This is a legacy C++03 interface provided for compatibility only.
   //   New code should use 'Args'.
-  Benchmark* ArgPair(int x, int y) {
-    std::vector<int> args;
+  Benchmark* ArgPair(int64_t x, int64_t y) {
+    std::vector<int64_t> args;
     args.push_back(x);
     args.push_back(y);
     return Args(args);
@@ -703,7 +772,7 @@ class Benchmark {
   // Run this benchmark once for a number of values picked from the
   // ranges [start..limit].  (starts and limits are always picked.)
   // REQUIRES: The function passed to the constructor must accept arg1, arg2 ...
-  Benchmark* Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int> >& ranges);
+  Benchmark* Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int64_t, int64_t> >& ranges);
 
   // Equivalent to ArgNames({name})
   Benchmark* ArgName(const std::string& name);
@@ -715,8 +784,8 @@ class Benchmark {
   // Equivalent to Ranges({{lo1, hi1}, {lo2, hi2}}).
   // NOTE: This is a legacy C++03 interface provided for compatibility only.
   //   New code should use 'Ranges'.
-  Benchmark* RangePair(int lo1, int hi1, int lo2, int hi2) {
-    std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > ranges;
+  Benchmark* RangePair(int64_t lo1, int64_t hi1, int64_t lo2, int64_t hi2) {
+    std::vector<std::pair<int64_t, int64_t> > ranges;
     ranges.push_back(std::make_pair(lo1, hi1));
     ranges.push_back(std::make_pair(lo2, hi2));
     return Ranges(ranges);
@@ -823,15 +892,13 @@ class Benchmark {
 
   int ArgsCnt() const;
 
-  static void AddRange(std::vector<int>* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult);
-
  private:
   friend class BenchmarkFamilies;
 
   std::string name_;
   ReportMode report_mode_;
   std::vector<std::string> arg_names_;   // Args for all benchmark runs
-  std::vector<std::vector<int> > args_;  // Args for all benchmark runs
+  std::vector<std::vector<int64_t> > args_;  // Args for all benchmark runs
   TimeUnit time_unit_;
   int range_multiplier_;
   double min_time_;
@@ -1186,7 +1253,7 @@ class BenchmarkReporter {
     CPUInfo const& cpu_info;
     // The number of chars in the longest benchmark name.
     size_t name_field_width;
-
+    static const char *executable_name;
     Context();
   };
 
@@ -1239,7 +1306,7 @@ class BenchmarkReporter {
     // Keep track of arguments to compute asymptotic complexity
     BigO complexity;
     BigOFunc* complexity_lambda;
-    int complexity_n;
+    int64_t complexity_n;
 
     // what statistics to compute from the measurements
     const std::vector<Statistics>* statistics;

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/mingw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# encoding: utf-8
+
+import argparse
+import errno
+import logging
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+
+try:
+    import winreg
+except ImportError:
+    import _winreg as winreg
+try:
+    import urllib.request as request
+except ImportError:
+    import urllib as request
+try:
+    import urllib.parse as parse
+except ImportError:
+    import urlparse as parse
+
+class EmptyLogger(object):
+    '''
+    Provides an implementation that performs no logging
+    '''
+    def debug(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def info(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def warn(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def error(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def critical(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+    def setLevel(self, *k, **kw):
+        pass
+
+urls = (
+    'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw-w64/Toolchains%20'
+        'targetting%20Win32/Personal%20Builds/mingw-builds/installer/'
+        'repository.txt',
+    'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingwbuilds/host-windows/'
+        'repository.txt'
+)
+'''
+A list of mingw-build repositories
+'''
+
+def repository(urls = urls, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Downloads and parse mingw-build repository files and parses them
+    '''
+    log.info('getting mingw-builds repository')
+    versions = {}
+    re_sourceforge = re.compile(r'http://sourceforge.net/projects/([^/]+)/files')
+    re_sub = r'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/\1'
+    for url in urls:
+        log.debug(' - requesting: %s', url)
+        socket = request.urlopen(url)
+        repo = socket.read()
+        if not isinstance(repo, str):
+            repo = repo.decode();
+        socket.close()
+        for entry in repo.split('\n')[:-1]:
+            value = entry.split('|')
+            version = tuple([int(n) for n in value[0].strip().split('.')])
+            version = versions.setdefault(version, {})
+            arch = value[1].strip()
+            if arch == 'x32':
+                arch = 'i686'
+            elif arch == 'x64':
+                arch = 'x86_64'
+            arch = version.setdefault(arch, {})
+            threading = arch.setdefault(value[2].strip(), {})
+            exceptions = threading.setdefault(value[3].strip(), {})
+            revision = exceptions.setdefault(int(value[4].strip()[3:]),
+                re_sourceforge.sub(re_sub, value[5].strip()))
+    return versions
+
+def find_in_path(file, path=None):
+    '''
+    Attempts to find an executable in the path
+    '''
+    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+        file += '.exe'
+    if path is None:
+        path = os.environ.get('PATH', '')
+    if type(path) is type(''):
+        path = path.split(os.pathsep)
+    return list(filter(os.path.exists,
+        map(lambda dir, file=file: os.path.join(dir, file), path)))
+
+def find_7zip(log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Attempts to find 7zip for unpacking the mingw-build archives
+    '''
+    log.info('finding 7zip')
+    path = find_in_path('7z')
+    if not path:
+        key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, r'SOFTWARE\7-Zip')
+        path, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, 'Path')
+        path = [os.path.join(path, '7z.exe')]
+    log.debug('found \'%s\'', path[0])
+    return path[0]
+
+find_7zip()
+
+def unpack(archive, location, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Unpacks a mingw-builds archive
+    '''
+    sevenzip = find_7zip(log)
+    log.info('unpacking %s', os.path.basename(archive))
+    cmd = [sevenzip, 'x', archive, '-o' + location, '-y']
+    log.debug(' - %r', cmd)
+    with open(os.devnull, 'w') as devnull:
+        subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout = devnull)
+
+def download(url, location, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Downloads and unpacks a mingw-builds archive
+    '''
+    log.info('downloading MinGW')
+    log.debug(' - url: %s', url)
+    log.debug(' - location: %s', location)
+
+    re_content = re.compile(r'attachment;[ \t]*filename=(")?([^"]*)(")?[\r\n]*')
+
+    stream = request.urlopen(url)
+    try:
+        content = stream.getheader('Content-Disposition') or ''
+    except AttributeError:
+        content = stream.headers.getheader('Content-Disposition') or ''
+    matches = re_content.match(content)
+    if matches:
+        filename = matches.group(2)
+    else:
+        parsed = parse.urlparse(stream.geturl())
+        filename = os.path.basename(parsed.path)
+
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(location)
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(location):
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise
+
+    archive = os.path.join(location, filename)
+    with open(archive, 'wb') as out:
+        while True:
+            buf = stream.read(1024)
+            if not buf:
+                break
+            out.write(buf)
+    unpack(archive, location, log = log)
+    os.remove(archive)
+
+    possible = os.path.join(location, 'mingw64')
+    if not os.path.exists(possible):
+        possible = os.path.join(location, 'mingw32')
+        if not os.path.exists(possible):
+            raise ValueError('Failed to find unpacked MinGW: ' + possible)
+    return possible
+
+def root(location = None, arch = None, version = None, threading = None,
+        exceptions = None, revision = None, log = EmptyLogger()):
+    '''
+    Returns the root folder of a specific version of the mingw-builds variant
+    of gcc. Will download the compiler if needed
+    '''
+
+    # Get the repository if we don't have all the information
+    if not (arch and version and threading and exceptions and revision):
+        versions = repository(log = log)
+
+    # Determine some defaults
+    version = version or max(versions.keys())
+    if not arch:
+        arch = platform.machine().lower()
+        if arch == 'x86':
+            arch = 'i686'
+        elif arch == 'amd64':
+            arch = 'x86_64'
+    if not threading:
+        keys = versions[version][arch].keys()
+        if 'posix' in keys:
+            threading = 'posix'
+        elif 'win32' in keys:
+            threading = 'win32'
+        else:
+            threading = keys[0]
+    if not exceptions:
+        keys = versions[version][arch][threading].keys()
+        if 'seh' in keys:
+            exceptions = 'seh'
+        elif 'sjlj' in keys:
+            exceptions = 'sjlj'
+        else:
+            exceptions = keys[0]
+    if revision == None:
+        revision = max(versions[version][arch][threading][exceptions].keys())
+    if not location:
+        location = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'mingw-builds')
+
+    # Get the download url
+    url = versions[version][arch][threading][exceptions][revision]
+
+    # Tell the user whatzzup
+    log.info('finding MinGW %s', '.'.join(str(v) for v in version))
+    log.debug(' - arch: %s', arch)
+    log.debug(' - threading: %s', threading)
+    log.debug(' - exceptions: %s', exceptions)
+    log.debug(' - revision: %s', revision)
+    log.debug(' - url: %s', url)
+
+    # Store each specific revision differently
+    slug = '{version}-{arch}-{threading}-{exceptions}-rev{revision}'
+    slug = slug.format(
+        version = '.'.join(str(v) for v in version),
+        arch = arch,
+        threading = threading,
+        exceptions = exceptions,
+        revision = revision
+    )
+    if arch == 'x86_64':
+        root_dir = os.path.join(location, slug, 'mingw64')
+    elif arch == 'i686':
+        root_dir = os.path.join(location, slug, 'mingw32')
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('Unknown MinGW arch: ' + arch)
+
+    # Download if needed
+    if not os.path.exists(root_dir):
+        downloaded = download(url, os.path.join(location, slug), log = log)
+        if downloaded != root_dir:
+            raise ValueError('The location of mingw did not match\n%s\n%s'
+                % (downloaded, root_dir))
+
+    return root_dir
+
+def str2ver(string):
+    '''
+    Converts a version string into a tuple
+    '''
+    try:
+        version = tuple(int(v) for v in string.split('.'))
+        if len(version) is not 3:
+            raise ValueError()
+    except ValueError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            'please provide a three digit version string')
+    return version
+
+def main():
+    '''
+    Invoked when the script is run directly by the python interpreter
+    '''
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description = 'Downloads a specific version of MinGW',
+        formatter_class = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    )
+    parser.add_argument('--location',
+        help = 'the location to download the compiler to',
+        default = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'mingw-builds'))
+    parser.add_argument('--arch', required = True, choices = ['i686', 'x86_64'],
+        help = 'the target MinGW architecture string')
+    parser.add_argument('--version', type = str2ver,
+        help = 'the version of GCC to download')
+    parser.add_argument('--threading', choices = ['posix', 'win32'],
+        help = 'the threading type of the compiler')
+    parser.add_argument('--exceptions', choices = ['sjlj', 'seh', 'dwarf'],
+        help = 'the method to throw exceptions')
+    parser.add_argument('--revision', type=int,
+        help = 'the revision of the MinGW release')
+    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    group.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true',
+        help='increase the script output verbosity')
+    group.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
+        help='only print errors and warning')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    # Create the logger
+    logger = logging.getLogger('mingw')
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s')
+    handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+    logger.addHandler(handler)
+    logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    if args.quiet:
+        logger.setLevel(logging.WARN)
+    if args.verbose:
+        logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+    # Get MinGW
+    root_dir = root(location = args.location, arch = args.arch,
+        version = args.version, threading = args.threading,
+        exceptions = args.exceptions, revision = args.revision,
+        log = logger)
+
+    sys.stdout.write('%s\n' % os.path.join(root_dir, 'bin'))
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    try:
+        main()
+    except IOError as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('IO error: %s\n' % e)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except OSError as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('OS error: %s\n' % e)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
+        sys.stderr.write('Killed\n')
+        sys.exit(1)

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/releasing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# How to release
+
+* Make sure you're on master and synced to HEAD
+* Ensure the project builds and tests run (sanity check only, obviously)
+    * `parallel -j0 exec ::: test/*_test` can help ensure everything at least
+      passes
+* Prepare release notes
+    * `git log $(git describe --abbrev=0 --tags)..HEAD` gives you the list of
+      commits between the last annotated tag and HEAD
+    * Pick the most interesting.
+* Create a release through github's interface
+    * Note this will create a lightweight tag.
+    * Update this to an annotated tag:
+      * `git pull --tags`
+      * `git tag -a -f <tag> <tag>`
+      * `git push --force origin`

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ file(GLOB
     *.cc
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/benchmark/*.h
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.h)
+list(FILTER SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX "benchmark_main\\.cc")
 
 add_library(benchmark ${SOURCE_FILES})
 set_target_properties(benchmark PROPERTIES
@@ -34,6 +35,23 @@ if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
   target_link_libraries(benchmark Shlwapi)
 endif()
 
+# We need extra libraries on Solaris
+if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "SunOS")
+  target_link_libraries(benchmark kstat)
+endif()
+
+# Benchmark main library
+add_library(benchmark_main "benchmark_main.cc")
+set_target_properties(benchmark_main PROPERTIES
+  OUTPUT_NAME "benchmark_main"
+  VERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_VERSION}
+  SOVERSION ${GENERIC_LIB_SOVERSION}
+)
+target_include_directories(benchmark PUBLIC
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include>
+    )
+target_link_libraries(benchmark_main benchmark)
+
 set(include_install_dir "include")
 set(lib_install_dir "lib/")
 set(bin_install_dir "bin/")
@@ -60,7 +78,7 @@ configure_file("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/benchmark.pc.in" "${pkg_config}" @ON
 if (BENCHMARK_ENABLE_INSTALL)
   # Install target (will install the library to specified CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX variable)
   install(
-    TARGETS benchmark
+    TARGETS benchmark benchmark_main
     EXPORT ${targets_export_name}
     ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir}
     LIBRARY DESTINATION ${lib_install_dir}

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/benchmark.cc

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 #include "internal_macros.h"
 
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
@@ -27,10 +29,10 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "check.h"
@@ -44,7 +46,8 @@
 #include "re.h"
 #include "statistics.h"
 #include "string_util.h"
-#include "timers.h"
+#include "thread_manager.h"
+#include "thread_timer.h"
 
 DEFINE_bool(benchmark_list_tests, false,
             "Print a list of benchmarks. This option overrides all other "
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ DEFINE_string(benchmark_out_format, "json",
               "The format to use for file output. Valid values are "
               "'console', 'json', or 'csv'.");
 
-DEFINE_string(benchmark_out, "", "The file to write additonal output to");
+DEFINE_string(benchmark_out, "", "The file to write additional output to");
 
 DEFINE_string(benchmark_color, "auto",
               "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: "
@@ -108,118 +111,11 @@ namespace internal {
 
 void UseCharPointer(char const volatile*) {}
 
-class ThreadManager {
- public:
-  ThreadManager(int num_threads)
-      : alive_threads_(num_threads), start_stop_barrier_(num_threads) {}
-
-  Mutex& GetBenchmarkMutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(benchmark_mutex_) {
-    return benchmark_mutex_;
-  }
-
-  bool StartStopBarrier() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
-    return start_stop_barrier_.wait();
-  }
-
-  void NotifyThreadComplete() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
-    start_stop_barrier_.removeThread();
-    if (--alive_threads_ == 0) {
-      MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
-      end_condition_.notify_all();
-    }
-  }
-
-  void WaitForAllThreads() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
-    MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
-    end_condition_.wait(lock.native_handle(),
-                        [this]() { return alive_threads_ == 0; });
-  }
-
- public:
-  struct Result {
-    double real_time_used = 0;
-    double cpu_time_used = 0;
-    double manual_time_used = 0;
-    int64_t bytes_processed = 0;
-    int64_t items_processed = 0;
-    int complexity_n = 0;
-    std::string report_label_;
-    std::string error_message_;
-    bool has_error_ = false;
-    UserCounters counters;
-  };
-  GUARDED_BY(GetBenchmarkMutex()) Result results;
-
- private:
-  mutable Mutex benchmark_mutex_;
-  std::atomic<int> alive_threads_;
-  Barrier start_stop_barrier_;
-  Mutex end_cond_mutex_;
-  Condition end_condition_;
-};
-
-// Timer management class
-class ThreadTimer {
- public:
-  ThreadTimer() = default;
-
-  // Called by each thread
-  void StartTimer() {
-    running_ = true;
-    start_real_time_ = ChronoClockNow();
-    start_cpu_time_ = ThreadCPUUsage();
-  }
-
-  // Called by each thread
-  void StopTimer() {
-    CHECK(running_);
-    running_ = false;
-    real_time_used_ += ChronoClockNow() - start_real_time_;
-    // Floating point error can result in the subtraction producing a negative
-    // time. Guard against that.
-    cpu_time_used_ += std::max<double>(ThreadCPUUsage() - start_cpu_time_, 0);
-  }
-
-  // Called by each thread
-  void SetIterationTime(double seconds) { manual_time_used_ += seconds; }
-
-  bool running() const { return running_; }
-
-  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
-  double real_time_used() {
-    CHECK(!running_);
-    return real_time_used_;
-  }
-
-  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
-  double cpu_time_used() {
-    CHECK(!running_);
-    return cpu_time_used_;
-  }
-
-  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
-  double manual_time_used() {
-    CHECK(!running_);
-    return manual_time_used_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  bool running_ = false;        // Is the timer running
-  double start_real_time_ = 0;  // If running_
-  double start_cpu_time_ = 0;   // If running_
-
-  // Accumulated time so far (does not contain current slice if running_)
-  double real_time_used_ = 0;
-  double cpu_time_used_ = 0;
-  // Manually set iteration time. User sets this with SetIterationTime(seconds).
-  double manual_time_used_ = 0;
-};
-
 namespace {
 
 BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport(
     const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance& b,
-    const internal::ThreadManager::Result& results, size_t iters,
+    const internal::ThreadManager::Result& results,
     double seconds) {
   // Create report about this benchmark run.
   BenchmarkReporter::Run report;
@@ -228,8 +124,8 @@ BenchmarkReporter::Run CreateRunReport(
   report.error_occurred = results.has_error_;
   report.error_message = results.error_message_;
   report.report_label = results.report_label_;
-  // Report the total iterations across all threads.
-  report.iterations = static_cast<int64_t>(iters) * b.threads;
+  // This is the total iterations across all threads.
+  report.iterations = results.iterations;
   report.time_unit = b.time_unit;
 
   if (!report.error_occurred) {
@@ -268,11 +164,12 @@ void RunInThread(const benchmark::internal::Benchmark::Instance* b,
   internal::ThreadTimer timer;
   State st(iters, b->arg, thread_id, b->threads, &timer, manager);
   b->benchmark->Run(st);
-  CHECK(st.iterations() == st.max_iterations)
+  CHECK(st.iterations() >= st.max_iterations)
       << "Benchmark returned before State::KeepRunning() returned false!";
   {
     MutexLock l(manager->GetBenchmarkMutex());
     internal::ThreadManager::Result& results = manager->results;
+    results.iterations += st.iterations();
     results.cpu_time_used += timer.cpu_time_used();
     results.real_time_used += timer.real_time_used();
     results.manual_time_used += timer.manual_time_used();
@@ -340,18 +237,17 @@ std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> RunBenchmark(
       // Determine if this run should be reported; Either it has
       // run for a sufficient amount of time or because an error was reported.
       const bool should_report =  repetition_num > 0
-        || has_explicit_iteration_count // An exact iteration count was requested
+        || has_explicit_iteration_count  // An exact iteration count was requested
         || results.has_error_
-        || iters >= kMaxIterations
-        || seconds >= min_time // the elapsed time is large enough
+        || iters >= kMaxIterations  // No chance to try again, we hit the limit.
+        || seconds >= min_time  // the elapsed time is large enough
         // CPU time is specified but the elapsed real time greatly exceeds the
         // minimum time. Note that user provided timers are except from this
         // sanity check.
         || ((results.real_time_used >= 5 * min_time) && !b.use_manual_time);
 
       if (should_report) {
-        BenchmarkReporter::Run report =
-            CreateRunReport(b, results, iters, seconds);
+        BenchmarkReporter::Run report = CreateRunReport(b, results, seconds);
         if (!report.error_occurred && b.complexity != oNone)
           complexity_reports->push_back(report);
         reports.push_back(report);
@@ -394,26 +290,44 @@ std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> RunBenchmark(
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace internal
 
-State::State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int>& ranges, int thread_i,
+State::State(size_t max_iters, const std::vector<int64_t>& ranges, int thread_i,
              int n_threads, internal::ThreadTimer* timer,
              internal::ThreadManager* manager)
-    : started_(false),
+    : total_iterations_(0),
+      batch_leftover_(0),
+      max_iterations(max_iters),
+      started_(false),
       finished_(false),
-      total_iterations_(max_iters + 1),
+      error_occurred_(false),
       range_(ranges),
       bytes_processed_(0),
       items_processed_(0),
       complexity_n_(0),
-      error_occurred_(false),
       counters(),
       thread_index(thread_i),
       threads(n_threads),
-      max_iterations(max_iters),
       timer_(timer),
       manager_(manager) {
   CHECK(max_iterations != 0) << "At least one iteration must be run";
-  CHECK(total_iterations_ != 0) << "max iterations wrapped around";
   CHECK_LT(thread_index, threads) << "thread_index must be less than threads";
+
+  // Note: The use of offsetof below is technically undefined until C++17
+  // because State is not a standard layout type. However, all compilers
+  // currently provide well-defined behavior as an extension (which is
+  // demonstrated since constexpr evaluation must diagnose all undefined
+  // behavior). However, GCC and Clang also warn about this use of offsetof,
+  // which must be suppressed.
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Winvalid-offsetof"
+#endif
+  // Offset tests to ensure commonly accessed data is on the first cache line.
+  const int cache_line_size = 64;
+  static_assert(offsetof(State, error_occurred_) <=
+                (cache_line_size - sizeof(error_occurred_)), "");
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
 }
 
 void State::PauseTiming() {
@@ -437,7 +351,7 @@ void State::SkipWithError(const char* msg) {
       manager_->results.has_error_ = true;
     }
   }
-  total_iterations_ = 1;
+  total_iterations_ = 0;
   if (timer_->running()) timer_->StopTimer();
 }
 
@@ -453,6 +367,7 @@ void State::SetLabel(const char* label) {
 void State::StartKeepRunning() {
   CHECK(!started_ && !finished_);
   started_ = true;
+  total_iterations_ = error_occurred_ ? 0 : max_iterations;
   manager_->StartStopBarrier();
   if (!error_occurred_) ResumeTiming();
 }
@@ -462,8 +377,8 @@ void State::FinishKeepRunning() {
   if (!error_occurred_) {
     PauseTiming();
   }
-  // Total iterations has now wrapped around zero. Fix this.
-  total_iterations_ = 1;
+  // Total iterations has now wrapped around past 0. Fix this.
+  total_iterations_ = 0;
   finished_ = true;
   manager_->StartStopBarrier();
 }
@@ -495,7 +410,7 @@ void RunBenchmarks(const std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>& benchmarks,
   BenchmarkReporter::Context context;
   context.name_field_width = name_field_width;
 
-  // Keep track of runing times of all instances of current benchmark
+  // Keep track of running times of all instances of current benchmark
   std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> complexity_reports;
 
   // We flush streams after invoking reporter methods that write to them. This
@@ -653,6 +568,7 @@ void PrintUsageAndExit() {
 
 void ParseCommandLineFlags(int* argc, char** argv) {
   using namespace benchmark;
+  BenchmarkReporter::Context::executable_name = argv[0];
   for (int i = 1; i < *argc; ++i) {
     if (ParseBoolFlag(argv[i], "benchmark_list_tests",
                       &FLAGS_benchmark_list_tests) ||

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/benchmark_api_internal.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Benchmark::Instance {
   std::string name;
   Benchmark* benchmark;
   ReportMode report_mode;
-  std::vector<int> arg;
+  std::vector<int64_t> arg;
   TimeUnit time_unit;
   int range_multiplier;
   bool use_real_time;

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/benchmark_main.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.cc

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
-#include "benchmark_api_internal.h"
-#include "internal_macros.h"
+#include "benchmark_register.h"
 
 #ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
@@ -34,13 +34,16 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "benchmark_api_internal.h"
 #include "check.h"
 #include "commandlineflags.h"
 #include "complexity.h"
-#include "statistics.h"
+#include "internal_macros.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "mutex.h"
 #include "re.h"
+#include "statistics.h"
 #include "string_util.h"
 #include "timers.h"
 
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ class BenchmarkFamilies {
 
   // Extract the list of benchmark instances that match the specified
   // regular expression.
-  bool FindBenchmarks(const std::string& re,
+  bool FindBenchmarks(std::string re,
                       std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
                       std::ostream* Err);
 
@@ -104,13 +107,18 @@ void BenchmarkFamilies::ClearBenchmarks() {
 }
 
 bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks(
-    const std::string& spec, std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
+    std::string spec, std::vector<Benchmark::Instance>* benchmarks,
     std::ostream* ErrStream) {
   CHECK(ErrStream);
   auto& Err = *ErrStream;
   // Make regular expression out of command-line flag
   std::string error_msg;
   Regex re;
+  bool isNegativeFilter = false;
+  if(spec[0] == '-') {
+      spec.replace(0, 1, "");
+      isNegativeFilter = true;
+  }
   if (!re.Init(spec, &error_msg)) {
     Err << "Could not compile benchmark re: " << error_msg << std::endl;
     return false;
@@ -170,20 +178,20 @@ bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks(
             const auto& arg_name = family->arg_names_[arg_i];
             if (!arg_name.empty()) {
               instance.name +=
-                  StringPrintF("%s:", family->arg_names_[arg_i].c_str());
+                  StrFormat("%s:", family->arg_names_[arg_i].c_str());
             }
           }
-          
-          instance.name += StringPrintF("%d", arg);
+
+          instance.name += StrFormat("%d", arg);
           ++arg_i;
         }
 
         if (!IsZero(family->min_time_))
-          instance.name += StringPrintF("/min_time:%0.3f", family->min_time_);
+          instance.name += StrFormat("/min_time:%0.3f", family->min_time_);
         if (family->iterations_ != 0)
-          instance.name += StringPrintF("/iterations:%d", family->iterations_);
+          instance.name += StrFormat("/iterations:%d", family->iterations_);
         if (family->repetitions_ != 0)
-          instance.name += StringPrintF("/repeats:%d", family->repetitions_);
+          instance.name += StrFormat("/repeats:%d", family->repetitions_);
 
         if (family->use_manual_time_) {
           instance.name += "/manual_time";
@@ -193,10 +201,11 @@ bool BenchmarkFamilies::FindBenchmarks(
 
         // Add the number of threads used to the name
         if (!family->thread_counts_.empty()) {
-          instance.name += StringPrintF("/threads:%d", instance.threads);
+          instance.name += StrFormat("/threads:%d", instance.threads);
         }
 
-        if (re.Match(instance.name)) {
+        if ((re.Match(instance.name) && !isNegativeFilter) ||
+            (!re.Match(instance.name) && isNegativeFilter)) {
           instance.last_benchmark_instance = (&args == &family->args_.back());
           benchmarks->push_back(std::move(instance));
         }
@@ -244,30 +253,7 @@ Benchmark::Benchmark(const char* name)
 
 Benchmark::~Benchmark() {}
 
-void Benchmark::AddRange(std::vector<int>* dst, int lo, int hi, int mult) {
-  CHECK_GE(lo, 0);
-  CHECK_GE(hi, lo);
-  CHECK_GE(mult, 2);
-
-  // Add "lo"
-  dst->push_back(lo);
-
-  static const int kint32max = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
-
-  // Now space out the benchmarks in multiples of "mult"
-  for (int32_t i = 1; i < kint32max / mult; i *= mult) {
-    if (i >= hi) break;
-    if (i > lo) {
-      dst->push_back(i);
-    }
-  }
-  // Add "hi" (if different from "lo")
-  if (hi != lo) {
-    dst->push_back(hi);
-  }
-}
-
-Benchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int x) {
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Arg(int64_t x) {
   CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
   args_.push_back({x});
   return this;
@@ -278,20 +264,21 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::Unit(TimeUnit unit) {
   return this;
 }
 
-Benchmark* Benchmark::Range(int start, int limit) {
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Range(int64_t start, int64_t limit) {
   CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
-  std::vector<int> arglist;
+  std::vector<int64_t> arglist;
   AddRange(&arglist, start, limit, range_multiplier_);
 
-  for (int i : arglist) {
+  for (int64_t i : arglist) {
     args_.push_back({i});
   }
   return this;
 }
 
-Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>& ranges) {
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<int64_t, int64_t>>& ranges) {
   CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(ranges.size()));
-  std::vector<std::vector<int>> arglists(ranges.size());
+  std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> arglists(ranges.size());
   std::size_t total = 1;
   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < ranges.size(); i++) {
     AddRange(&arglists[i], ranges[i].first, ranges[i].second,
@@ -302,7 +289,7 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::Ranges(const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>& ranges) {
   std::vector<std::size_t> ctr(arglists.size(), 0);
 
   for (std::size_t i = 0; i < total; i++) {
-    std::vector<int> tmp;
+    std::vector<int64_t> tmp;
     tmp.reserve(arglists.size());
 
     for (std::size_t j = 0; j < arglists.size(); j++) {
@@ -334,17 +321,17 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::ArgNames(const std::vector<std::string>& names) {
   return this;
 }
 
-Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseRange(int start, int limit, int step) {
+Benchmark* Benchmark::DenseRange(int64_t start, int64_t limit, int step) {
   CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == 1);
   CHECK_GE(start, 0);
   CHECK_LE(start, limit);
-  for (int arg = start; arg <= limit; arg += step) {
+  for (int64_t arg = start; arg <= limit; arg += step) {
     args_.push_back({arg});
   }
   return this;
 }
 
-Benchmark* Benchmark::Args(const std::vector<int>& args) {
+Benchmark* Benchmark::Args(const std::vector<int64_t>& args) {
   CHECK(ArgsCnt() == -1 || ArgsCnt() == static_cast<int>(args.size()));
   args_.push_back(args);
   return this;
@@ -361,7 +348,6 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::RangeMultiplier(int multiplier) {
   return this;
 }
 
-
 Benchmark* Benchmark::MinTime(double t) {
   CHECK(t > 0.0);
   CHECK(iterations_ == 0);
@@ -369,7 +355,6 @@ Benchmark* Benchmark::MinTime(double t) {
   return this;
 }
 
-
 Benchmark* Benchmark::Iterations(size_t n) {
   CHECK(n > 0);
   CHECK(IsZero(min_time_));

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/benchmark_register.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_REGISTER_H
+#define BENCHMARK_REGISTER_H
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "check.h"
+
+template <typename T>
+void AddRange(std::vector<T>* dst, T lo, T hi, int mult) {
+  CHECK_GE(lo, 0);
+  CHECK_GE(hi, lo);
+  CHECK_GE(mult, 2);
+
+  // Add "lo"
+  dst->push_back(lo);
+
+  static const T kmax = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+  // Now space out the benchmarks in multiples of "mult"
+  for (T i = 1; i < kmax / mult; i *= mult) {
+    if (i >= hi) break;
+    if (i > lo) {
+      dst->push_back(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Add "hi" (if different from "lo")
+  if (hi != lo) {
+    dst->push_back(hi);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_REGISTER_H

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/complexity.cc

@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ namespace benchmark {
 BigOFunc* FittingCurve(BigO complexity) {
   switch (complexity) {
     case oN:
-      return [](int n) -> double { return n; };
+      return [](int64_t n) -> double { return static_cast<double>(n); };
     case oNSquared:
-      return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 2); };
+      return [](int64_t n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 2); };
     case oNCubed:
-      return [](int n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 3); };
+      return [](int64_t n) -> double { return std::pow(n, 3); };
     case oLogN:
-      return [](int n) { return log2(n); };
+      return [](int64_t n) { return log2(n); };
     case oNLogN:
-      return [](int n) { return n * log2(n); };
+      return [](int64_t n) { return n * log2(n); };
     case o1:
     default:
-      return [](int) { return 1.0; };
+      return [](int64_t) { return 1.0; };
   }
 }
 
@@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ std::string GetBigOString(BigO complexity) {
 
 // Find the coefficient for the high-order term in the running time, by
 // minimizing the sum of squares of relative error, for the fitting curve
-// given by the lambda expresion.
+// given by the lambda expression.
 //   - n             : Vector containing the size of the benchmark tests.
 //   - time          : Vector containing the times for the benchmark tests.
-//   - fitting_curve : lambda expresion (e.g. [](int n) {return n; };).
+//   - fitting_curve : lambda expression (e.g. [](int64_t n) {return n; };).
 
 // For a deeper explanation on the algorithm logic, look the README file at
 // http://github.com/ismaelJimenez/Minimal-Cpp-Least-Squared-Fit
 
-LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
+LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int64_t>& n,
                        const std::vector<double>& time,
                        BigOFunc* fitting_curve) {
   double sigma_gn = 0.0;
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
 //   - complexity : If different than oAuto, the fitting curve will stick to
 //                  this one. If it is oAuto, it will be calculated the best
 //                  fitting curve.
-LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int>& n,
+LeastSq MinimalLeastSq(const std::vector<int64_t>& n,
                        const std::vector<double>& time, const BigO complexity) {
   CHECK_EQ(n.size(), time.size());
   CHECK_GE(n.size(), 2);  // Do not compute fitting curve is less than two
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ std::vector<BenchmarkReporter::Run> ComputeBigO(
   if (reports.size() < 2) return results;
 
   // Accumulators.
-  std::vector<int> n;
+  std::vector<int64_t> n;
   std::vector<double> real_time;
   std::vector<double> cpu_time;
 

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/cycleclock.h

@@ -159,6 +159,11 @@ inline BENCHMARK_ALWAYS_INLINE int64_t Now() {
   struct timeval tv;
   gettimeofday(&tv, nullptr);
   return static_cast<int64_t>(tv.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tv.tv_usec;
+#elif defined(__s390__) // Covers both s390 and s390x.
+  // Return the CPU clock.
+  uint64_t tsc;
+  asm("stck %0" : "=Q" (tsc) : : "cc");
+  return tsc;
 #else
 // The soft failover to a generic implementation is automatic only for ARM.
 // For other platforms the developer is expected to make an attempt to create

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/internal_macros.h

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS 1
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  #define BENCHMARK_OS_APPLE 1
   #include "TargetConditionals.h"
   #if defined(TARGET_OS_MAC)
     #define BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX 1
@@ -50,14 +51,20 @@
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD 1
 #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD 1
+#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
+  #define BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD 1
 #elif defined(__linux__)
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX 1
 #elif defined(__native_client__)
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_NACL 1
-#elif defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
+#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_EMSCRIPTEN 1
 #elif defined(__rtems__)
   #define BENCHMARK_OS_RTEMS 1
+#elif defined(__Fuchsia__)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA 1
+#elif defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun)
+#define BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS 1
 #endif
 
 #if !__has_feature(cxx_exceptions) && !defined(__cpp_exceptions) \

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/json_reporter.cc

@@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ namespace benchmark {
 namespace {
 
 std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, std::string const& value) {
-  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
+  return StrFormat("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
 }
 
 std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, const char* value) {
-  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value);
+  return StrFormat("\"%s\": \"%s\"", key.c_str(), value);
 }
 
 std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, bool value) {
-  return StringPrintF("\"%s\": %s", key.c_str(), value ? "true" : "false");
+  return StrFormat("\"%s\": %s", key.c_str(), value ? "true" : "false");
 }
 
 std::string FormatKV(std::string const& key, int64_t value) {
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ bool JSONReporter::ReportContext(const Context& context) {
   std::string walltime_value = LocalDateTimeString();
   out << indent << FormatKV("date", walltime_value) << ",\n";
 
+  if (Context::executable_name) {
+    out << indent << FormatKV("executable", Context::executable_name) << ",\n";
+  }
+
   CPUInfo const& info = context.cpu_info;
   out << indent << FormatKV("num_cpus", static_cast<int64_t>(info.num_cpus))
       << ",\n";

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/re.h

@@ -17,19 +17,31 @@
 
 #include "internal_macros.h"
 
+#if !defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \
+    !defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) && \
+    !defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
+  // No explicit regex selection; detect based on builtin hints.
+  #if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_LINUX) || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_APPLE)
+    #define HAVE_POSIX_REGEX 1
+  #elif __cplusplus >= 199711L
+    #define HAVE_STD_REGEX 1
+  #endif
+#endif
+
 // Prefer C regex libraries when compiling w/o exceptions so that we can
 // correctly report errors.
-#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_HAS_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && \
+    defined(BENCHMARK_HAVE_STD_REGEX) && \
     (defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX))
-#undef HAVE_STD_REGEX
+  #undef HAVE_STD_REGEX
 #endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE_STD_REGEX)
-#include <regex>
+  #include <regex>
 #elif defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
-#include <gnuregex.h>
+  #include <gnuregex.h>
 #elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX)
-#include <regex.h>
+  #include <regex.h>
 #else
 #error No regular expression backend was found!
 #endif
@@ -64,7 +76,7 @@ class Regex {
 #elif defined(HAVE_POSIX_REGEX) || defined(HAVE_GNU_POSIX_REGEX)
   regex_t re_;
 #else
-#error No regular expression backend implementation available
+  #error No regular expression backend implementation available
 #endif
 };
 

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/reporter.cc

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ void BenchmarkReporter::PrintBasicContext(std::ostream *out,
 
   Out << LocalDateTimeString() << "\n";
 
+  if (context.executable_name)
+    Out << "Running " << context.executable_name << "\n";
+
   const CPUInfo &info = context.cpu_info;
   Out << "Run on (" << info.num_cpus << " X "
       << (info.cycles_per_second / 1000000.0) << " MHz CPU "
@@ -64,6 +67,9 @@ void BenchmarkReporter::PrintBasicContext(std::ostream *out,
 #endif
 }
 
+// No initializer because it's already initialized to NULL.
+const char* BenchmarkReporter::Context::executable_name;
+
 BenchmarkReporter::Context::Context() : cpu_info(CPUInfo::Get()) {}
 
 double BenchmarkReporter::Run::GetAdjustedRealTime() const {

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/statistics.cc

@@ -30,22 +30,25 @@ auto StatisticsSum = [](const std::vector<double>& v) {
 };
 
 double StatisticsMean(const std::vector<double>& v) {
-  if (v.size() == 0) return 0.0;
+  if (v.empty()) return 0.0;
   return StatisticsSum(v) * (1.0 / v.size());
 }
 
 double StatisticsMedian(const std::vector<double>& v) {
   if (v.size() < 3) return StatisticsMean(v);
-  std::vector<double> partial;
-  // we need roundDown(count/2)+1 slots
-  partial.resize(1 + (v.size() / 2));
-  std::partial_sort_copy(v.begin(), v.end(), partial.begin(), partial.end());
-  // did we have odd number of samples?
-  // if yes, then the last element of partially-sorted vector is the median
-  // it no, then the average of the last two elements is the median
+  std::vector<double> copy(v);
+
+  auto center = copy.begin() + v.size() / 2;
+  std::nth_element(copy.begin(), center, copy.end());
+
+  // did we have an odd number of samples?
+  // if yes, then center is the median
+  // it no, then we are looking for the average between center and the value before
   if(v.size() % 2 == 1)
-    return partial.back();
-  return (partial[partial.size() - 2] + partial[partial.size() - 1]) / 2.0;
+    return *center;
+  auto center2 = copy.begin() + v.size() / 2 - 1;
+  std::nth_element(copy.begin(), center2, copy.end());
+  return (*center + *center2) / 2.0;
 }
 
 // Return the sum of the squares of this sample set
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ auto Sqrt = [](const double dat) {
 
 double StatisticsStdDev(const std::vector<double>& v) {
   const auto mean = StatisticsMean(v);
-  if (v.size() == 0) return mean;
+  if (v.empty()) return mean;
 
   // Sample standard deviation is undefined for n = 1
   if (v.size() == 1)

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/string_util.cc

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n, double one_k) {
   return ToBinaryStringFullySpecified(n, 1.1, 1, one_k);
 }
 
-std::string StringPrintFImp(const char* msg, va_list args) {
+std::string StrFormatImp(const char* msg, va_list args) {
   // we might need a second shot at this, so pre-emptivly make a copy
   va_list args_cp;
   va_copy(args_cp, args);
@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ std::string StringPrintFImp(const char* msg, va_list args) {
   return std::string(buff_ptr.get());
 }
 
-std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...) {
+std::string StrFormat(const char* format, ...) {
   va_list args;
   va_start(args, format);
-  std::string tmp = StringPrintFImp(format, args);
+  std::string tmp = StrFormatImp(format, args);
   va_end(args);
   return tmp;
 }

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/string_util.h

@@ -12,23 +12,23 @@ void AppendHumanReadable(int n, std::string* str);
 
 std::string HumanReadableNumber(double n, double one_k = 1024.0);
 
-std::string StringPrintF(const char* format, ...);
+std::string StrFormat(const char* format, ...);
 
-inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out) BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT {
+inline std::ostream& StrCatImp(std::ostream& out) BENCHMARK_NOEXCEPT {
   return out;
 }
 
 template <class First, class... Rest>
-inline std::ostream& StringCatImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f,
+inline std::ostream& StrCatImp(std::ostream& out, First&& f,
                                   Rest&&... rest) {
   out << std::forward<First>(f);
-  return StringCatImp(out, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
+  return StrCatImp(out, std::forward<Rest>(rest)...);
 }
 
 template <class... Args>
 inline std::string StrCat(Args&&... args) {
   std::ostringstream ss;
-  StringCatImp(ss, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  StrCatImp(ss, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
   return ss.str();
 }
 

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/sysinfo.cc

@@ -16,20 +16,26 @@
 
 #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <Shlwapi.h>
+#undef StrCat  // Don't let StrCat in string_util.h be renamed to lstrcatA
 #include <VersionHelpers.h>
 #include <Windows.h>
 #else
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>  // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
 #include <unistd.h>
 #if defined BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_MACOSX || \
-    defined BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD
+    defined BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD || defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
 #define BENCHMARK_HAS_SYSCTL
 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
 #endif
 #endif
+#if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
+#include <kstat.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
@@ -130,6 +136,26 @@ struct ValueUnion {
 };
 
 ValueUnion GetSysctlImp(std::string const& Name) {
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
+  int mib[2];
+
+  mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+  if ((Name == "hw.ncpu") || (Name == "hw.cpuspeed")){
+    ValueUnion buff(sizeof(int));
+
+    if (Name == "hw.ncpu") {
+      mib[1] = HW_NCPU;
+    } else {
+      mib[1] = HW_CPUSPEED;
+    }
+
+    if (sysctl(mib, 2, buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == -1) {
+      return ValueUnion();
+    }
+    return buff;
+  }
+  return ValueUnion();
+#else
   size_t CurBuffSize = 0;
   if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), nullptr, &CurBuffSize, nullptr, 0) == -1)
     return ValueUnion();
@@ -138,6 +164,7 @@ ValueUnion GetSysctlImp(std::string const& Name) {
   if (sysctlbyname(Name.c_str(), buff.data(), &buff.Size, nullptr, 0) == 0)
     return buff;
   return ValueUnion();
+#endif
 }
 
 BENCHMARK_MAYBE_UNUSED
@@ -303,7 +330,7 @@ std::vector<CPUInfo::CacheInfo> GetCacheSizesWindows() {
     if (!B.test(0)) continue;
     CInfo* Cache = &it->Cache;
     CPUInfo::CacheInfo C;
-    C.num_sharing = B.count();
+    C.num_sharing = static_cast<int>(B.count());
     C.level = Cache->Level;
     C.size = Cache->Size;
     switch (Cache->Type) {
@@ -354,6 +381,15 @@ int GetNumCPUs() {
   return sysinfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;  // number of logical
                                         // processors in the current
                                         // group
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
+  // Returns -1 in case of a failure.
+  int NumCPU = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+  if (NumCPU < 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) failed with error: %s\n",
+            strerror(errno));
+  }
+  return NumCPU;
 #else
   int NumCPUs = 0;
   int MaxID = -1;
@@ -441,7 +477,7 @@ double GetCPUCyclesPerSecond() {
     std::string value;
     if (SplitIdx != std::string::npos) value = ln.substr(SplitIdx + 1);
     // When parsing the "cpu MHz" and "bogomips" (fallback) entries, we only
-    // accept postive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero,
+    // accept positive values. Some environments (virtual machines) report zero,
     // which would cause infinite looping in WallTime_Init.
     if (startsWithKey(ln, "cpu MHz")) {
       if (!value.empty()) {
@@ -473,12 +509,17 @@ double GetCPUCyclesPerSecond() {
   constexpr auto* FreqStr =
 #if defined(BENCHMARK_OS_FREEBSD) || defined(BENCHMARK_OS_NETBSD)
       "machdep.tsc_freq";
+#elif defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
+      "hw.cpuspeed";
 #else
       "hw.cpufrequency";
 #endif
   unsigned long long hz = 0;
+#if defined BENCHMARK_OS_OPENBSD
+  if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz * 1000000;
+#else
   if (GetSysctl(FreqStr, &hz)) return hz;
-
+#endif
   fprintf(stderr, "Unable to determine clock rate from sysctl: %s: %s\n",
           FreqStr, strerror(errno));
 
@@ -493,6 +534,35 @@ double GetCPUCyclesPerSecond() {
                       "~MHz", nullptr, &data, &data_size)))
     return static_cast<double>((int64_t)data *
                                (int64_t)(1000 * 1000));  // was mhz
+#elif defined (BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
+  kstat_ctl_t *kc = kstat_open();
+  if (!kc) {
+    std::cerr << "failed to open /dev/kstat\n";
+    return -1;
+  }
+  kstat_t *ksp = kstat_lookup(kc, (char*)"cpu_info", -1, (char*)"cpu_info0");
+  if (!ksp) {
+    std::cerr << "failed to lookup in /dev/kstat\n";
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (kstat_read(kc, ksp, NULL) < 0) {
+    std::cerr << "failed to read from /dev/kstat\n";
+    return -1;
+  }
+  kstat_named_t *knp =
+      (kstat_named_t*)kstat_data_lookup(ksp, (char*)"current_clock_Hz");
+  if (!knp) {
+    std::cerr << "failed to lookup data in /dev/kstat\n";
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (knp->data_type != KSTAT_DATA_UINT64) {
+    std::cerr << "current_clock_Hz is of unexpected data type: "
+              << knp->data_type << "\n";
+    return -1;
+  }
+  double clock_hz = knp->value.ui64;
+  kstat_close(kc);
+  return clock_hz;
 #endif
   // If we've fallen through, attempt to roughly estimate the CPU clock rate.
   const int estimate_time_ms = 1000;

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/thread_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_THREAD_MANAGER_H
+#define BENCHMARK_THREAD_MANAGER_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
+#include "mutex.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+class ThreadManager {
+ public:
+  ThreadManager(int num_threads)
+      : alive_threads_(num_threads), start_stop_barrier_(num_threads) {}
+
+  Mutex& GetBenchmarkMutex() const RETURN_CAPABILITY(benchmark_mutex_) {
+    return benchmark_mutex_;
+  }
+
+  bool StartStopBarrier() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
+    return start_stop_barrier_.wait();
+  }
+
+  void NotifyThreadComplete() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
+    start_stop_barrier_.removeThread();
+    if (--alive_threads_ == 0) {
+      MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
+      end_condition_.notify_all();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void WaitForAllThreads() EXCLUDES(end_cond_mutex_) {
+    MutexLock lock(end_cond_mutex_);
+    end_condition_.wait(lock.native_handle(),
+                        [this]() { return alive_threads_ == 0; });
+  }
+
+ public:
+  struct Result {
+    int64_t iterations = 0;
+    double real_time_used = 0;
+    double cpu_time_used = 0;
+    double manual_time_used = 0;
+    int64_t bytes_processed = 0;
+    int64_t items_processed = 0;
+    int64_t complexity_n = 0;
+    std::string report_label_;
+    std::string error_message_;
+    bool has_error_ = false;
+    UserCounters counters;
+  };
+  GUARDED_BY(GetBenchmarkMutex()) Result results;
+
+ private:
+  mutable Mutex benchmark_mutex_;
+  std::atomic<int> alive_threads_;
+  Barrier start_stop_barrier_;
+  Mutex end_cond_mutex_;
+  Condition end_condition_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_THREAD_MANAGER_H

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/thread_timer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_THREAD_TIMER_H
+#define BENCHMARK_THREAD_TIMER_H
+
+#include "check.h"
+#include "timers.h"
+
+namespace benchmark {
+namespace internal {
+
+class ThreadTimer {
+ public:
+  ThreadTimer() = default;
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  void StartTimer() {
+    running_ = true;
+    start_real_time_ = ChronoClockNow();
+    start_cpu_time_ = ThreadCPUUsage();
+  }
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  void StopTimer() {
+    CHECK(running_);
+    running_ = false;
+    real_time_used_ += ChronoClockNow() - start_real_time_;
+    // Floating point error can result in the subtraction producing a negative
+    // time. Guard against that.
+    cpu_time_used_ += std::max<double>(ThreadCPUUsage() - start_cpu_time_, 0);
+  }
+
+  // Called by each thread
+  void SetIterationTime(double seconds) { manual_time_used_ += seconds; }
+
+  bool running() const { return running_; }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
+  double real_time_used() {
+    CHECK(!running_);
+    return real_time_used_;
+  }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
+  double cpu_time_used() {
+    CHECK(!running_);
+    return cpu_time_used_;
+  }
+
+  // REQUIRES: timer is not running
+  double manual_time_used() {
+    CHECK(!running_);
+    return manual_time_used_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool running_ = false;        // Is the timer running
+  double start_real_time_ = 0;  // If running_
+  double start_cpu_time_ = 0;   // If running_
+
+  // Accumulated time so far (does not contain current slice if running_)
+  double real_time_used_ = 0;
+  double cpu_time_used_ = 0;
+  // Manually set iteration time. User sets this with SetIterationTime(seconds).
+  double manual_time_used_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace benchmark
+
+#endif  // BENCHMARK_THREAD_TIMER_H

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/src/timers.cc

@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@
 
 #ifdef BENCHMARK_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <Shlwapi.h>
+#undef StrCat  // Don't let StrCat in string_util.h be renamed to lstrcatA
 #include <VersionHelpers.h>
 #include <Windows.h>
 #else
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#ifndef BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>  // this header must be included before 'sys/sysctl.h' to avoid compilation error on FreeBSD
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ double MakeTime(FILETIME const& kernel_time, FILETIME const& user_time) {
           static_cast<double>(user.QuadPart)) *
          1e-7;
 }
-#else
+#elif !defined(BENCHMARK_OS_FUCHSIA)
 double MakeTime(struct rusage const& ru) {
   return (static_cast<double>(ru.ru_utime.tv_sec) +
           static_cast<double>(ru.ru_utime.tv_usec) * 1e-6 +
@@ -162,6 +165,10 @@ double ThreadCPUUsage() {
   // RTEMS doesn't support CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID. See
   // https://github.com/RTEMS/rtems/blob/master/cpukit/posix/src/clockgettime.c
   return ProcessCPUUsage();
+#elif defined(BENCHMARK_OS_SOLARIS)
+  struct rusage ru;
+  if (getrusage(RUSAGE_LWP, &ru) == 0) return MakeTime(ru);
+  DiagnoseAndExit("getrusage(RUSAGE_LWP, ...) failed");
 #elif defined(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID)
   struct timespec ts;
   if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, &ts) == 0) return MakeTime(ts);
@@ -186,7 +193,6 @@ std::string DateTimeString(bool local) {
         std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::localtime(&now));
 #else
     std::tm timeinfo;
-    std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm));
     ::localtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
     written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo);
 #endif
@@ -195,7 +201,6 @@ std::string DateTimeString(bool local) {
     written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%x %X", ::gmtime(&now));
 #else
     std::tm timeinfo;
-    std::memset(&timeinfo, 0, sizeof(std::tm));
     ::gmtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
     written = std::strftime(storage, sizeof(storage), "%F %T", &timeinfo);
 #endif

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/compare.py

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+compare.py - versatile benchmark output compare tool
+"""
+
+import argparse
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+import sys
+import gbench
+from gbench import util, report
+from gbench.util import *
+
+
+def check_inputs(in1, in2, flags):
+    """
+    Perform checking on the user provided inputs and diagnose any abnormalities
+    """
+    in1_kind, in1_err = classify_input_file(in1)
+    in2_kind, in2_err = classify_input_file(in2)
+    output_file = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out=', flags)
+    output_type = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out_format=', flags)
+    if in1_kind == IT_Executable and in2_kind == IT_Executable and output_file:
+        print(("WARNING: '--benchmark_out=%s' will be passed to both "
+               "benchmarks causing it to be overwritten") % output_file)
+    if in1_kind == IT_JSON and in2_kind == IT_JSON and len(flags) > 0:
+        print("WARNING: passing optional flags has no effect since both "
+              "inputs are JSON")
+    if output_type is not None and output_type != 'json':
+        print(("ERROR: passing '--benchmark_out_format=%s' to 'compare.py`"
+               " is not supported.") % output_type)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def create_parser():
+    parser = ArgumentParser(
+        description='versatile benchmark output compare tool')
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
+        help='This tool has multiple modes of operation:',
+        dest='mode')
+
+    parser_a = subparsers.add_parser(
+        'benchmarks',
+        help='The most simple use-case, compare all the output of these two benchmarks')
+    baseline = parser_a.add_argument_group(
+        'baseline', 'The benchmark baseline')
+    baseline.add_argument(
+        'test_baseline',
+        metavar='test_baseline',
+        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    contender = parser_a.add_argument_group(
+        'contender', 'The benchmark that will be compared against the baseline')
+    contender.add_argument(
+        'test_contender',
+        metavar='test_contender',
+        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    parser_a.add_argument(
+        'benchmark_options',
+        metavar='benchmark_options',
+        nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
+        help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables')
+
+    parser_b = subparsers.add_parser(
+        'filters', help='Compare filter one with the filter two of benchmark')
+    baseline = parser_b.add_argument_group(
+        'baseline', 'The benchmark baseline')
+    baseline.add_argument(
+        'test',
+        metavar='test',
+        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    baseline.add_argument(
+        'filter_baseline',
+        metavar='filter_baseline',
+        type=str,
+        nargs=1,
+        help='The first filter, that will be used as baseline')
+    contender = parser_b.add_argument_group(
+        'contender', 'The benchmark that will be compared against the baseline')
+    contender.add_argument(
+        'filter_contender',
+        metavar='filter_contender',
+        type=str,
+        nargs=1,
+        help='The second filter, that will be compared against the baseline')
+    parser_b.add_argument(
+        'benchmark_options',
+        metavar='benchmark_options',
+        nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
+        help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables')
+
+    parser_c = subparsers.add_parser(
+        'benchmarksfiltered',
+        help='Compare filter one of first benchmark with filter two of the second benchmark')
+    baseline = parser_c.add_argument_group(
+        'baseline', 'The benchmark baseline')
+    baseline.add_argument(
+        'test_baseline',
+        metavar='test_baseline',
+        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    baseline.add_argument(
+        'filter_baseline',
+        metavar='filter_baseline',
+        type=str,
+        nargs=1,
+        help='The first filter, that will be used as baseline')
+    contender = parser_c.add_argument_group(
+        'contender', 'The benchmark that will be compared against the baseline')
+    contender.add_argument(
+        'test_contender',
+        metavar='test_contender',
+        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
+        nargs=1,
+        help='The second benchmark executable or JSON output file, that will be compared against the baseline')
+    contender.add_argument(
+        'filter_contender',
+        metavar='filter_contender',
+        type=str,
+        nargs=1,
+        help='The second filter, that will be compared against the baseline')
+    parser_c.add_argument(
+        'benchmark_options',
+        metavar='benchmark_options',
+        nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
+        help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables')
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def main():
+    # Parse the command line flags
+    parser = create_parser()
+    args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args()
+    if args.mode is None:
+      parser.print_help()
+      exit(1)
+    assert not unknown_args
+    benchmark_options = args.benchmark_options
+
+    if args.mode == 'benchmarks':
+        test_baseline = args.test_baseline[0].name
+        test_contender = args.test_contender[0].name
+        filter_baseline = ''
+        filter_contender = ''
+
+        # NOTE: if test_baseline == test_contender, you are analyzing the stdev
+
+        description = 'Comparing %s to %s' % (test_baseline, test_contender)
+    elif args.mode == 'filters':
+        test_baseline = args.test[0].name
+        test_contender = args.test[0].name
+        filter_baseline = args.filter_baseline[0]
+        filter_contender = args.filter_contender[0]
+
+        # NOTE: if filter_baseline == filter_contender, you are analyzing the
+        # stdev
+
+        description = 'Comparing %s to %s (from %s)' % (
+            filter_baseline, filter_contender, args.test[0].name)
+    elif args.mode == 'benchmarksfiltered':
+        test_baseline = args.test_baseline[0].name
+        test_contender = args.test_contender[0].name
+        filter_baseline = args.filter_baseline[0]
+        filter_contender = args.filter_contender[0]
+
+        # NOTE: if test_baseline == test_contender and
+        # filter_baseline == filter_contender, you are analyzing the stdev
+
+        description = 'Comparing %s (from %s) to %s (from %s)' % (
+            filter_baseline, test_baseline, filter_contender, test_contender)
+    else:
+        # should never happen
+        print("Unrecognized mode of operation: '%s'" % args.mode)
+        parser.print_help()
+        exit(1)
+
+    check_inputs(test_baseline, test_contender, benchmark_options)
+
+    options_baseline = []
+    options_contender = []
+
+    if filter_baseline and filter_contender:
+        options_baseline = ['--benchmark_filter=%s' % filter_baseline]
+        options_contender = ['--benchmark_filter=%s' % filter_contender]
+
+    # Run the benchmarks and report the results
+    json1 = json1_orig = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(
+        test_baseline, benchmark_options + options_baseline)
+    json2 = json2_orig = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(
+        test_contender, benchmark_options + options_contender)
+
+    # Now, filter the benchmarks so that the difference report can work
+    if filter_baseline and filter_contender:
+        replacement = '[%s vs. %s]' % (filter_baseline, filter_contender)
+        json1 = gbench.report.filter_benchmark(
+            json1_orig, filter_baseline, replacement)
+        json2 = gbench.report.filter_benchmark(
+            json2_orig, filter_contender, replacement)
+
+    # Diff and output
+    output_lines = gbench.report.generate_difference_report(json1, json2)
+    print(description)
+    for ln in output_lines:
+        print(ln)
+
+
+import unittest
+
+
+class TestParser(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.parser = create_parser()
+        testInputs = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(
+                os.path.realpath(__file__)),
+            'gbench',
+            'Inputs')
+        self.testInput0 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run1.json')
+        self.testInput1 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run2.json')
+
+    def test_benchmarks_basic(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['benchmarks', self.testInput0, self.testInput1])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarks')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1)
+        self.assertFalse(parsed.benchmark_options)
+
+    def test_benchmarks_with_remainder(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['benchmarks', self.testInput0, self.testInput1, 'd'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarks')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['d'])
+
+    def test_benchmarks_with_remainder_after_doubleminus(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['benchmarks', self.testInput0, self.testInput1, '--', 'e'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarks')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['e'])
+
+    def test_filters_basic(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['filters', self.testInput0, 'c', 'd'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'filters')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'd')
+        self.assertFalse(parsed.benchmark_options)
+
+    def test_filters_with_remainder(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['filters', self.testInput0, 'c', 'd', 'e'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'filters')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'd')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['e'])
+
+    def test_filters_with_remainder_after_doubleminus(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['filters', self.testInput0, 'c', 'd', '--', 'f'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'filters')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'd')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options, ['f'])
+
+    def test_benchmarksfiltered_basic(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['benchmarksfiltered', self.testInput0, 'c', self.testInput1, 'e'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarksfiltered')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'e')
+        self.assertFalse(parsed.benchmark_options)
+
+    def test_benchmarksfiltered_with_remainder(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['benchmarksfiltered', self.testInput0, 'c', self.testInput1, 'e', 'f'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarksfiltered')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'e')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options[0], 'f')
+
+    def test_benchmarksfiltered_with_remainder_after_doubleminus(self):
+        parsed = self.parser.parse_args(
+            ['benchmarksfiltered', self.testInput0, 'c', self.testInput1, 'e', '--', 'g'])
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.mode, 'benchmarksfiltered')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_baseline[0].name, self.testInput0)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_baseline[0], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.test_contender[0].name, self.testInput1)
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.filter_contender[0], 'e')
+        self.assertEqual(parsed.benchmark_options[0], 'g')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # unittest.main()
+    main()
+
+# vim: tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
+# kate: tab-width: 4; replace-tabs on; indent-width 4; tab-indents: off;
+# kate: indent-mode python; remove-trailing-spaces modified;

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/compare_bench.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+compare_bench.py - Compare two benchmarks or their results and report the
+                   difference.
+"""
+import argparse
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+import sys
+import gbench
+from gbench import util, report
+from gbench.util import *
+
+def check_inputs(in1, in2, flags):
+    """
+    Perform checking on the user provided inputs and diagnose any abnormalities
+    """
+    in1_kind, in1_err = classify_input_file(in1)
+    in2_kind, in2_err = classify_input_file(in2)
+    output_file = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out=', flags)
+    output_type = find_benchmark_flag('--benchmark_out_format=', flags)
+    if in1_kind == IT_Executable and in2_kind == IT_Executable and output_file:
+        print(("WARNING: '--benchmark_out=%s' will be passed to both "
+              "benchmarks causing it to be overwritten") % output_file)
+    if in1_kind == IT_JSON and in2_kind == IT_JSON and len(flags) > 0:
+        print("WARNING: passing --benchmark flags has no effect since both "
+              "inputs are JSON")
+    if output_type is not None and output_type != 'json':
+        print(("ERROR: passing '--benchmark_out_format=%s' to 'compare_bench.py`"
+              " is not supported.") % output_type)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = ArgumentParser(
+        description='compare the results of two benchmarks')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'test1', metavar='test1', type=str, nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'test2', metavar='test2', type=str, nargs=1,
+        help='A benchmark executable or JSON output file')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'benchmark_options', metavar='benchmark_options', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
+        help='Arguments to pass when running benchmark executables'
+    )
+    args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args()
+    # Parse the command line flags
+    test1 = args.test1[0]
+    test2 = args.test2[0]
+    if unknown_args:
+        # should never happen
+        print("Unrecognized positional argument arguments: '%s'"
+              % unknown_args)
+        exit(1)
+    benchmark_options = args.benchmark_options
+    check_inputs(test1, test2, benchmark_options)
+    # Run the benchmarks and report the results
+    json1 = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(test1, benchmark_options)
+    json2 = gbench.util.run_or_load_benchmark(test2, benchmark_options)
+    output_lines = gbench.report.generate_difference_report(json1, json2)
+    print('Comparing %s to %s' % (test1, test2))
+    for ln in output_lines:
+        print(ln)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+  "context": {
+    "date": "2016-08-02 17:44:46",
+    "num_cpus": 4,
+    "mhz_per_cpu": 4228,
+    "cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
+    "library_build_type": "release"
+  },
+  "benchmarks": [
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SameTimes",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10,
+      "cpu_time": 10,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 50,
+      "cpu_time": 50,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 50,
+      "cpu_time": 50,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_1PercentFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_1PercentSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10000,
+      "cpu_time": 10000,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentCPUToTime",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_ThirdFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_BadTimeUnit",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 0.4,
+      "cpu_time": 0.5,
+      "time_unit": "s"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_DifferentTimeUnit",
+      "iterations": 1,
+      "real_time": 1,
+      "cpu_time": 1,
+      "time_unit": "s"
+    }
+  ]
+}

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test1_run2.json

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+  "context": {
+    "date": "2016-08-02 17:44:46",
+    "num_cpus": 4,
+    "mhz_per_cpu": 4228,
+    "cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
+    "library_build_type": "release"
+  },
+  "benchmarks": [
+    {
+      "name": "BM_SameTimes",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10,
+      "cpu_time": 10,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 25,
+      "cpu_time": 25,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_2xSlower",
+      "iterations": 20833333,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_1PercentFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 98.9999999,
+      "cpu_time": 98.9999999,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_1PercentSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100.9999999,
+      "cpu_time": 100.9999999,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 90,
+      "cpu_time": 90,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 110,
+      "cpu_time": 110,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xSlower",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 1.0000e+04,
+      "cpu_time": 1.0000e+04,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_100xFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 100,
+      "cpu_time": 100,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_10PercentCPUToTime",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 110,
+      "cpu_time": 90,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_ThirdFaster",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 66.665,
+      "cpu_time": 66.664,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_BadTimeUnit",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 0.04,
+      "cpu_time": 0.6,
+      "time_unit": "s"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_DifferentTimeUnit",
+      "iterations": 1,
+      "real_time": 1,
+      "cpu_time": 1,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    }
+  ]
+}

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/gbench/Inputs/test2_run.json

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "context": {
+    "date": "2016-08-02 17:44:46",
+    "num_cpus": 4,
+    "mhz_per_cpu": 4228,
+    "cpu_scaling_enabled": false,
+    "library_build_type": "release"
+  },
+  "benchmarks": [
+    {
+      "name": "BM_Hi",
+      "iterations": 1234,
+      "real_time": 42,
+      "cpu_time": 24,
+      "time_unit": "ms"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_Zero",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10,
+      "cpu_time": 10,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_Zero/4",
+      "iterations": 4000,
+      "real_time": 40,
+      "cpu_time": 40,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Prefix/BM_Zero",
+      "iterations": 2000,
+      "real_time": 20,
+      "cpu_time": 20,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Prefix/BM_Zero/3",
+      "iterations": 3000,
+      "real_time": 30,
+      "cpu_time": 30,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_One",
+      "iterations": 5000,
+      "real_time": 5,
+      "cpu_time": 5,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_One/4",
+      "iterations": 2000,
+      "real_time": 20,
+      "cpu_time": 20,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Prefix/BM_One",
+      "iterations": 1000,
+      "real_time": 10,
+      "cpu_time": 10,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Prefix/BM_One/3",
+      "iterations": 1500,
+      "real_time": 15,
+      "cpu_time": 15,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "BM_Bye",
+      "iterations": 5321,
+      "real_time": 11,
+      "cpu_time": 63,
+      "time_unit": "ns"
+    }
+  ]
+}

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/gbench/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"""Google Benchmark tooling"""
+
+__author__ = 'Eric Fiselier'
+__email__ = 'eric@efcs.ca'
+__versioninfo__ = (0, 5, 0)
+__version__ = '.'.join(str(v) for v in __versioninfo__) + 'dev'
+
+__all__ = []

benchmarks/thirdparty/benchmark/tools/gbench/report.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""report.py - Utilities for reporting statistics about benchmark results
+"""
+import os
+import re
+import copy
+
+class BenchmarkColor(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, code):
+        self.name = name
+        self.code = code
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s%r' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                         (self.name, self.code))
+
+    def __format__(self, format):
+        return self.code
+
+# Benchmark Colors Enumeration
+BC_NONE = BenchmarkColor('NONE', '')
+BC_MAGENTA = BenchmarkColor('MAGENTA', '\033[95m')
+BC_CYAN = BenchmarkColor('CYAN', '\033[96m')
+BC_OKBLUE = BenchmarkColor('OKBLUE', '\033[94m')
+BC_HEADER = BenchmarkColor('HEADER', '\033[92m')
+BC_WARNING = BenchmarkColor('WARNING', '\033[93m')
+BC_WHITE = BenchmarkColor('WHITE', '\033[97m')
+BC_FAIL = BenchmarkColor('FAIL', '\033[91m')
+BC_ENDC = BenchmarkColor('ENDC', '\033[0m')
+BC_BOLD = BenchmarkColor('BOLD', '\033[1m')
+BC_UNDERLINE = BenchmarkColor('UNDERLINE', '\033[4m')
+
+def color_format(use_color, fmt_str, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Return the result of 'fmt_str.format(*args, **kwargs)' after transforming
+    'args' and 'kwargs' according to the value of 'use_color'. If 'use_color'
+    is False then all color codes in 'args' and 'kwargs' are replaced with
+    the empty string.
+    """
+    assert use_color is True or use_color is False
+    if not use_color:
+        args = [arg if not isinstance(arg, BenchmarkColor) else BC_NONE
+                for arg in args]
+        kwargs = {key: arg if not isinstance(arg, BenchmarkColor) else BC_NONE
+                  for key, arg in kwargs.items()}
+    return fmt_str.format(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def find_longest_name(benchmark_list):
+    """
+    Return the length of the longest benchmark name in a given list of
+    benchmark JSON objects
+    """
+    longest_name = 1
+    for bc in benchmark_list:
+        if len(bc['name']) > longest_name:
+            longest_name = len(bc['name'])
+    return longest_name
+
+
+def calculate_change(old_val, new_val):
+    """
+    Return a float representing the decimal change between old_val and new_val.
+    """
+    if old_val == 0 and new_val == 0:
+        return 0.0
+    if old_val == 0:
+        return float(new_val - old_val) / (float(old_val + new_val) / 2)
+    return float(new_val - old_val) / abs(old_val)
+
+
+def filter_benchmark(json_orig, family, replacement=""):
+    """
+    Apply a filter to the json, and only leave the 'family' of benchmarks.
+    """
+    regex = re.compile(family)
+    filtered = {}
+    filtered['benchmarks'] = []
+    for be in json_orig['benchmarks']:
+        if not regex.search(be['name']):
+            continue
+        filteredbench = copy.deepcopy(be) # Do NOT modify the old name!
+        filteredbench['name'] = regex.sub(replacement, filteredbench['name'])
+        filtered['benchmarks'].append(filteredbench)
+    return filtered
+
+
+def generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=True):
+    """
+    Calculate and report the difference between each test of two benchmarks
+    runs specified as 'json1' and 'json2'.
+    """
+    first_col_width = find_longest_name(json1['benchmarks'])
+    def find_test(name):
+        for b in json2['benchmarks']:
+            if b['name'] == name:
+                return b
+        return None
+    first_col_width = max(first_col_width, len('Benchmark'))
+    first_line = "{:<{}s}Time             CPU      Time Old      Time New       CPU Old       CPU New".format(
+        'Benchmark', 12 + first_col_width)
+    output_strs = [first_line, '-' * len(first_line)]
+
+    gen = (bn for bn in json1['benchmarks'] if 'real_time' in bn and 'cpu_time' in bn)
+    for bn in gen:
+        other_bench = find_test(bn['name'])
+        if not other_bench:
+            continue
+
+        if bn['time_unit'] != other_bench['time_unit']:
+            continue
+
+        def get_color(res):
+            if res > 0.05:
+                return BC_FAIL
+            elif res > -0.07:
+                return BC_WHITE
+            else:
+                return BC_CYAN
+        fmt_str = "{}{:<{}s}{endc}{}{:+16.4f}{endc}{}{:+16.4f}{endc}{:14.0f}{:14.0f}{endc}{:14.0f}{:14.0f}"
+        tres = calculate_change(bn['real_time'], other_bench['real_time'])
+        cpures = calculate_change(bn['cpu_time'], other_bench['cpu_time'])
+        output_strs += [color_format(use_color, fmt_str,
+            BC_HEADER, bn['name'], first_col_width,
+            get_color(tres), tres, get_color(cpures), cpures,
+            bn['real_time'], other_bench['real_time'],
+            bn['cpu_time'], other_bench['cpu_time'],
+            endc=BC_ENDC)]
+    return output_strs
+
+###############################################################################
+# Unit tests
+
+import unittest
+
+class TestReportDifference(unittest.TestCase):
+    def load_results(self):
+        import json
+        testInputs = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'Inputs')
+        testOutput1 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run1.json')
+        testOutput2 = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test1_run2.json')
+        with open(testOutput1, 'r') as f:
+            json1 = json.load(f)
+        with open(testOutput2, 'r') as f:
+            json2 = json.load(f)
+        return json1, json2
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        expect_lines = [
+            ['BM_SameTimes', '+0.0000', '+0.0000', '10', '10', '10', '10'],
+            ['BM_2xFaster', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '50', '25', '50', '25'],
+            ['BM_2xSlower', '+1.0000', '+1.0000', '50', '100', '50', '100'],
+            ['BM_1PercentFaster', '-0.0100', '-0.0100', '100', '99', '100', '99'],
+            ['BM_1PercentSlower', '+0.0100', '+0.0100', '100', '101', '100', '101'],
+            ['BM_10PercentFaster', '-0.1000', '-0.1000', '100', '90', '100', '90'],
+            ['BM_10PercentSlower', '+0.1000', '+0.1000', '100', '110', '100', '110'],
+            ['BM_100xSlower', '+99.0000', '+99.0000', '100', '10000', '100', '10000'],
+            ['BM_100xFaster', '-0.9900', '-0.9900', '10000', '100', '10000', '100'],
+            ['BM_10PercentCPUToTime', '+0.1000', '-0.1000', '100', '110', '100', '90'],
+            ['BM_ThirdFaster', '-0.3333', '-0.3334', '100', '67', '100', '67'],
+            ['BM_BadTimeUnit', '-0.9000', '+0.2000', '0', '0', '0', '1'],
+        ]
+        json1, json2 = self.load_results()
+        output_lines_with_header = generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=False)
+        output_lines = output_lines_with_header[2:]
+        print("\n".join(output_lines_with_header))
+        self.assertEqual(len(output_lines), len(expect_lines))
+        for i in range(0, len(output_lines)):
+            parts = [x for x in output_lines[i].split(' ') if x]
+            self.assertEqual(len(parts), 7)
+            self.assertEqual(parts, expect_lines[i])
+
+
+class TestReportDifferenceBetweenFamilies(unittest.TestCase):
+    def load_result(self):
+        import json
+        testInputs = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'Inputs')
+        testOutput = os.path.join(testInputs, 'test2_run.json')
+        with open(testOutput, 'r') as f:
+            json = json.load(f)
+        return json
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        expect_lines = [
+            ['.', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '10', '5', '10', '5'],
+            ['./4', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '40', '20', '40', '20'],
+            ['Prefix/.', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '20', '10', '20', '10'],
+            ['Prefix/./3', '-0.5000', '-0.5000', '30', '15', '30', '15'],
+        ]
+        json = self.load_result()
+        json1 = filter_benchmark(json, "BM_Z.ro", ".")
+        json2 = filter_benchmark(json, "BM_O.e", ".")
+        output_lines_with_header = generate_difference_report(json1, json2, use_color=False)
+        output_lines = output_lines_with_header[2:]
+        print("\n")
+        print("\n".join(output_lines_with_header))
+        self.assertEqual(len(output_lines), len(expect_lines))
+        for i in range(0, len(output_lines)):
+            parts = [x for x in output_lines[i].split(' ') if x]
+            self.assertEqual(len(parts), 7)
+            self.assertEqual(parts, expect_lines[i])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
+
+# vim: tabstop=4 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
+# kate: tab-width: 4; replace-tabs on; indent-width 4; tab-indents: off;
+# kate: indent-mode python; remove-trailing-spaces modified;