Fix CI: useless casts to std::size_t in the string-scan tests

GCC -Werror=useless-cast rejected static_cast<std::size_t>(next() % n): on 64-bit Linux std::uint64_t and std::size_t are the same type, while the cast is needed where std::size_t is 32 bits wide. Draw the sizes from a 32-bit value instead, which converts to std::size_t implicitly on every platform. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
Find the stop byte of a string run without a byte loop
2026-10-01 04:00:31 +00:00 · 2026-09-30 20:19:12 +02:00 · 2026-09-30 20:19:12 +02:00 · 2026-09-30 20:19:11 +02:00 · 2026-09-30 20:19:11 +02:00
60 changed files with 2913 additions and 1464 deletions
@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
-# bugprone-use-after-move (hicpp-invalid-access-moved is its alias) still flags
-# the basic_json move constructor, which forwards the whole object to its base
-# class (#5724), and two forwards in the error-message construction of
-# at(KeyType&&) (json.hpp, both overloads: find(std::forward<KeyType>(key))
-# followed by string_t(std::forward<KeyType>(key)) in the throw), which #5689
-# rewrites. Re-enable both checks once those changes have landed.
-# portability-avoid-pragma-once: kept disabled on purpose. #pragma once is accepted
-# by every supported compiler, and tools/amalgamate/amalgamate.py strips it from
-# single_include, so there is nothing left to fix here.
+# TODO: The first three checks are only removed to get the CI going. They have to be addressed at some point.
+# TODO: portability-avoid-pragma-once: should be fixed eventually

 Checks: '*,

+         -portability-template-virtual-member-function,
         -bugprone-use-after-move,
         -hicpp-invalid-access-moved,

@@ -43,6 +37,7 @@ Checks: '*,
         -google-readability-function-size,
         -google-runtime-float,
         -google-runtime-int,
+         -google-runtime-references,
         -hicpp-avoid-goto,
         -hicpp-explicit-conversions,
         -hicpp-function-size,
@@ -76,7 +71,6 @@ Checks: '*,
         -readability-magic-numbers,
         -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,
         -readability-redundant-parentheses,
-         -readability-redundant-typename,
         -readability-simplify-boolean-expr,
         -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix,
         -readability-use-concise-preprocessor-directives'
@@ -87,4 +81,5 @@ CheckOptions:

 WarningsAsErrors: '*'

+#HeaderFilterRegex: '.*nlohmann.*'
 HeaderFilterRegex: '.*hpp$'
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ jobs:

  ci_static_analysis_clang:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: silkeh/clang:22
+    container: silkeh/clang:dev
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        target: [ci_test_clang, ci_clang_tidy, ci_test_clang_sanitizer, ci_single_binaries]
+        target: [ci_test_clang, ci_clang_tidy, ci_test_clang_sanitizer, ci_clang_analyze, ci_single_binaries]
    steps:
-      - name: Install git, iwyu (ci_single_binaries), and unzip
-        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y git iwyu unzip
+      - name: Install git, clang-tools, iwyu (ci_single_binaries), and unzip
+        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y git clang-tools iwyu unzip
      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
        with:
          persist-credentials: false
@@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR I
 - The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Florian Loitsch which is licensed under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (see above). Copyright &copy; 2009 [Florian Loitsch](https://florian.loitsch.com/)
 - The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
 - The class contains parts of [Google Abseil](https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp) which is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0).
- The class contains an adapted version of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm and its table of powers of five from [fast_float](https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float) by Daniel Lemire and contributors, which is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (used here), the Apache 2.0 License, and the Boost Software License. Copyright &copy; 2021 The fast_float authors
+- The class contains an adapted version of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm, its table of powers of five, and its digit comparison for long numbers from [fast_float](https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float) by Daniel Lemire and contributors, which is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (used here), the Apache 2.0 License, and the Boost Software License. Copyright &copy; 2021 The fast_float authors

 <img align="right" src="https://git.fsfe.org/reuse/reuse-ci/raw/branch/master/reuse-horizontal.png" alt="REUSE Software">

@@ -8,24 +8,24 @@ set(N 10)
 include(FindPython3)
 find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter)

-find_program(CLANG_TOOL NAMES clang++-HEAD clang++ clang++-22 clang++-21 clang++-20 clang++-19 clang++-18 clang++-17 clang++-16 clang++-15 clang++-14 clang++-13 clang++-12 clang++-11 clang++)
+find_program(CLANG_TOOL NAMES clang++-HEAD clang++ clang++-20 clang++-19 clang++-18 clang++-17 clang++-16 clang++-15 clang++-14 clang++-13 clang++-12 clang++-11 clang++)
 execute_process(COMMAND ${CLANG_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE CLANG_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE CLANG_TOOL_VERSION)
 string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" CLANG_TOOL_VERSION "${CLANG_TOOL_VERSION}")
 message(STATUS "🔖 Clang ${CLANG_TOOL_VERSION} (${CLANG_TOOL})")

-find_program(CLANG_TIDY_TOOL NAMES clang-tidy-22 clang-tidy-21 clang-tidy-20 clang-tidy-19 clang-tidy-18 clang-tidy-17 clang-tidy-16 clang-tidy-15 clang-tidy-14 clang-tidy-13 clang-tidy-12 clang-tidy-11 clang-tidy)
+find_program(CLANG_TIDY_TOOL NAMES clang-tidy-20 clang-tidy-19 clang-tidy-18 clang-tidy-17 clang-tidy-16 clang-tidy-15 clang-tidy-14 clang-tidy-13 clang-tidy-12 clang-tidy-11 clang-tidy)
 execute_process(COMMAND ${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION)
 string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION "${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION}")
 message(STATUS "🔖 Clang-Tidy ${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL_VERSION} (${CLANG_TIDY_TOOL})")

 message(STATUS "🔖 CMake ${CMAKE_VERSION} (${CMAKE_COMMAND})")

-find_program(GCC_TOOL NAMES g++-latest g++-HEAD g++ g++-16 g++-15 g++-14 g++-13 g++-12 g++-11 g++-10)
+find_program(GCC_TOOL NAMES g++-latest g++-HEAD g++ g++-15 g++-14 g++-13 g++-12 g++-11 g++-10)
 execute_process(COMMAND ${GCC_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE GCC_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE GCC_TOOL_VERSION)
 string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" GCC_TOOL_VERSION "${GCC_TOOL_VERSION}")
 message(STATUS "🔖 GCC ${GCC_TOOL_VERSION} (${GCC_TOOL})")

-find_program(GCOV_TOOL NAMES gcov-HEAD gcov gcov-16 gcov-15 gcov-14 gcov-13 gcov-12 gcov-11 gcov-10)
+find_program(GCOV_TOOL NAMES gcov-HEAD gcov gcov-15 gcov-14 gcov-13 gcov-12 gcov-11 gcov-10)
 execute_process(COMMAND ${GCOV_TOOL} --version OUTPUT_VARIABLE GCOV_TOOL_VERSION ERROR_VARIABLE GCOV_TOOL_VERSION)
 string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)+" GCOV_TOOL_VERSION "${GCOV_TOOL_VERSION}")
 message(STATUS "🔖 GCOV ${GCOV_TOOL_VERSION} (${GCOV_TOOL})")
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ message(STATUS "🔖 Valgrind ${VALGRIND_TOOL_VERSION} (${VALGRIND_TOOL})")
 find_program(GENHTML_TOOL NAMES genhtml)
 find_program(PLOG_CONVERTER_TOOL NAMES plog-converter)
 find_program(PVS_STUDIO_ANALYZER_TOOL NAMES pvs-studio-analyzer)
+find_program(SCAN_BUILD_TOOL NAMES scan-build-15 scan-build-14 scan-build-13 scan-build-12 scan-build-11 scan-build)

 # the individual source files
 file(GLOB_RECURSE SRC_FILES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/nlohmann/*.hpp)
@@ -425,6 +426,21 @@ add_custom_target(ci_test_valgrind
    COMMENT "Compile and test with Valgrind"
 )

+###############################################################################
+# Check code with Clang Static Analyzer.
+###############################################################################
+
+set(CLANG_ANALYZER_CHECKS "fuchsia.HandleChecker,nullability.NullableDereferenced,nullability.NullablePassedToNonnull,nullability.NullableReturnedFromNonnull,optin.cplusplus.UninitializedObject,optin.cplusplus.VirtualCall,optin.mpi.MPI-Checker,optin.osx.OSObjectCStyleCast,optin.osx.cocoa.localizability.EmptyLocalizationContextChecker,optin.osx.cocoa.localizability.NonLocalizedStringChecker,optin.performance.GCDAntipattern,optin.performance.Padding,optin.portability.UnixAPI,security.FloatLoopCounter,security.insecureAPI.DeprecatedOrUnsafeBufferHandling,security.insecureAPI.bcmp,security.insecureAPI.bcopy,security.insecureAPI.bzero,security.insecureAPI.rand,security.insecureAPI.strcpy,valist.CopyToSelf,valist.Uninitialized,valist.Unterminated,webkit.NoUncountedMemberChecker,webkit.RefCntblBaseVirtualDtor,core.CallAndMessage,core.DivideZero,core.NonNullParamChecker,core.NullDereference,core.StackAddressEscape,core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult,core.VLASize,core.uninitialized.ArraySubscript,core.uninitialized.Assign,core.uninitialized.Branch,core.uninitialized.CapturedBlockVariable,core.uninitialized.UndefReturn,cplusplus.InnerPointer,cplusplus.Move,cplusplus.NewDelete,cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks,cplusplus.PlacementNew,cplusplus.PureVirtualCall,deadcode.DeadStores,nullability.NullPassedToNonnull,nullability.NullReturnedFromNonnull,osx.API,osx.MIG,osx.NumberObjectConversion,osx.OSObjectRetainCount,osx.ObjCProperty,osx.SecKeychainAPI,osx.cocoa.AtSync,osx.cocoa.AutoreleaseWrite,osx.cocoa.ClassRelease,osx.cocoa.Dealloc,osx.cocoa.IncompatibleMethodTypes,osx.cocoa.Loops,osx.cocoa.MissingSuperCall,osx.cocoa.NSAutoreleasePool,osx.cocoa.NSError,osx.cocoa.NilArg,osx.cocoa.NonNilReturnValue,osx.cocoa.ObjCGenerics,osx.cocoa.RetainCount,osx.cocoa.RunLoopAutoreleaseLeak,osx.cocoa.SelfInit,osx.cocoa.SuperDealloc,osx.cocoa.UnusedIvars,osx.cocoa.VariadicMethodTypes,osx.coreFoundation.CFError,osx.coreFoundation.CFNumber,osx.coreFoundation.CFRetainRelease,osx.coreFoundation.containers.OutOfBounds,osx.coreFoundation.containers.PointerSizedValues,security.insecureAPI.UncheckedReturn,security.insecureAPI.decodeValueOfObjCType,security.insecureAPI.getpw,security.insecureAPI.gets,security.insecureAPI.mkstemp,security.insecureAPI.mktemp,security.insecureAPI.vfork,unix.API,unix.Malloc,unix.MallocSizeof,unix.MismatchedDeallocator,unix.Vfork,unix.cstring.BadSizeArg,unix.cstring.NullArg")
+
+add_custom_target(ci_clang_analyze
+    COMMAND CXX=${CLANG_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON
+        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_analyze
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_clang_analyze && ${SCAN_BUILD_TOOL} -enable-checker ${CLANG_ANALYZER_CHECKS} --use-c++=${CLANG_TOOL} -analyze-headers -o ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/report ninja
+    COMMENT "Check code with Clang Analyzer"
+)
+
 ###############################################################################
 # Check code with Cppcheck.
 ###############################################################################
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # -Wno-c++98-compat               The library targets C++11.
 # -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic      The library targets C++11.
 # -Wno-deprecated-declarations    The library contains annotations for deprecated functions.
+# -Wno-extra-semi-stmt            The library uses assert which triggers this warning.
 # -Wno-padded                     We do not care about padding warnings.
 # -Wno-covered-switch-default     All switches list all cases and a default case.
 # -Wno-c2y-extensions             Clang 22.1 diagnoses __COUNTER__ as a C2y extension, also in
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ set(CLANG_CXXFLAGS
    -Wno-c++98-compat
    -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic
    -Wno-deprecated-declarations
+    -Wno-extra-semi-stmt
    -Wno-padded
    -Wno-covered-switch-default
    -Wno-c2y-extensions
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Warning flags determined for GCC 16.2.0 with https://github.com/nlohmann/gcc_flags:
+# Warning flags determined for GCC 15.1.0 with https://github.com/nlohmann/gcc_flags:
 # Ignored GCC warnings:
 # -Wno-abi-tag           We do not care about ABI tags.
 # -Wno-aggregate-return  The library uses aggregate returns.
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    --extra-warnings
    -W
    -WNSObject-attribute
-    -Wabbreviated-auto-in-template-arg
-    -Wabi
    -Wno-abi-tag
    -Waddress
    -Waddress-of-packed-member
@@ -66,7 +64,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wanalyzer-tainted-divisor
    -Wanalyzer-tainted-offset
    -Wanalyzer-tainted-size
-    -Wanalyzer-throw-of-unexpected-type
    -Wanalyzer-too-complex
    -Wanalyzer-undefined-behavior-ptrdiff
    -Wanalyzer-undefined-behavior-strtok
@@ -83,13 +80,10 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Warith-conversion
    -Warray-bounds=2
    -Warray-compare
-    -Warray-parameter
    -Warray-parameter=2
    -Wattribute-alias=2
    -Wattribute-warning
    -Wattributes
-    -Wauto-profile
-    -Wbidi-chars=any
    -Wbool-compare
    -Wbool-operation
    -Wbuiltin-declaration-mismatch
@@ -105,7 +99,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wc++20-compat
    -Wc++20-extensions
    -Wc++23-extensions
-    -Wc++26-compat
    -Wc++26-extensions
    -Wc++2a-compat
    -Wcalloc-transposed-args
@@ -149,7 +142,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wdeprecated-enum-enum-conversion
    -Wdeprecated-enum-float-conversion
    -Wdeprecated-literal-operator
-    -Wdeprecated-openmp
    -Wdeprecated-variadic-comma-omission
    -Wdisabled-optimization
    -Wdiv-by-zero
@@ -164,18 +156,21 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wenum-conversion
    -Wexceptions
    -Wexpansion-to-defined
-    -Wexperimental-fmv-target
-    -Wexpose-global-module-tu-local
-    -Wexternal-tu-local
    -Wextra
    -Wextra-semi
    -Wflex-array-member-not-at-end
    -Wfloat-conversion
    -Wfloat-equal
-    -Wformat-diag
-    -Wformat-overflow=2
-    -Wformat-signedness
-    -Wformat-truncation=2
+    -Wformat -Wformat-contains-nul
+    -Wformat -Wformat-diag
+    -Wformat -Wformat-extra-args
+    -Wformat -Wformat-nonliteral
+    -Wformat -Wformat-overflow=2
+    -Wformat -Wformat-security
+    -Wformat -Wformat-signedness
+    -Wformat -Wformat-truncation=2
+    -Wformat -Wformat-y2k
+    -Wformat -Wformat-zero-length
    -Wformat=2
    -Wframe-address
    -Wfree-nonheap-object
@@ -202,8 +197,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Winvalid-offsetof
    -Winvalid-pch
    -Winvalid-utf8
-    -Wkeyword-macro
-    -Wleading-whitespace=spaces
    -Wliteral-suffix
    -Wlogical-not-parentheses
    -Wlogical-op
@@ -234,7 +227,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wnarrowing
    -Wnoexcept
    -Wnoexcept-type
-    -Wnon-c-typedef-for-linkage
    -Wnon-template-friend
    -Wnon-virtual-dtor
    -Wnonnull
@@ -277,8 +269,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wscalar-storage-order
    -Wself-move
    -Wsequence-point
-    -Wsfinae-incomplete
-    -Wsfinae-incomplete=2
    -Wshadow=compatible-local
    -Wshadow=global
    -Wshadow=local
@@ -299,7 +289,6 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wstrict-aliasing=3
    -Wstrict-null-sentinel
    -Wstrict-overflow
-    -Wstrict-overflow=5
    -Wstring-compare
    -Wstringop-overflow
    -Wstringop-overflow=4
@@ -344,8 +333,8 @@ set(GCC_CXXFLAGS
    -Wunreachable-code
    -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations
    -Wunused
-    -Wunused-but-set-parameter=3
-    -Wunused-but-set-variable=3
+    -Wunused-but-set-parameter
+    -Wunused-but-set-variable
    -Wunused-const-variable=2
    -Wunused-function
    -Wunused-label
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@ type to use.
 ## Template parameters

 `NumberFloatType`
-:   the type to store floating-point numbers. Parsing and serialization are implemented in terms of
-    `#!cpp std::strtof`/`#!cpp std::strtod`/`#!cpp std::strtold` and `#!cpp std::snprintf`, so the type must be
-    `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, or `#!cpp long double`. The
+:   the type to store floating-point numbers. The parser converts `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, and a
+    `#!cpp long double` that is IEEE 754 binary64 itself and other `#!cpp long double` formats with
+    `#!cpp std::from_chars` or `#!cpp std::strtold`, and serialization falls back to `#!cpp std::snprintf`, so the
+    type must be `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, or `#!cpp long double`. The
    [binary formats](../../features/binary_formats/index.md) additionally require `#!cpp float` or `#!cpp double`,
    because they have no encoding for `#!cpp long double`. See
    [Template Parameter Requirements](../../features/types/template_parameters.md#numberfloattype).
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ measures that counter them. The measures are described in detail in [Quality ass
 |---------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | Out-of-bounds read/write ([CWE-125](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html), [CWE-787](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html)) | bounds checks on all reads from the input; AddressSanitizer and Valgrind on the test suite; OSS-Fuzz      |
 | Integer overflow ([CWE-190](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/190.html)) | UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer with integer overflow detection; Clang-Tidy; Cppcheck                 |
-| Use after free, double free ([CWE-416](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html), [CWE-415](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/415.html)) | ownership of all memory by values; AddressSanitizer and Valgrind; Clang-Tidy (incl. Clang Static Analyzer checks) |
+| Use after free, double free ([CWE-416](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html), [CWE-415](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/415.html)) | ownership of all memory by values; AddressSanitizer and Valgrind; Clang Static Analyzer          |
 | Memory leaks ([CWE-401](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/401.html)) | Valgrind (Memcheck) on the test suite                                                            |
 | Uncontrolled recursion ([CWE-674](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/674.html)) | iterative parser, binary readers, and destructor; bounded recursion in value operations; tests with deeply nested inputs |
 | Uncontrolled resource consumption ([CWE-400](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html)) | allocations based on announced sizes are capped; OSS-Fuzz with memory limits                     |
-| Undefined behavior in general ([CWE-758](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/758.html)) | UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer; runtime assertions; Clang-Tidy (incl. Clang Static Analyzer checks), Cppcheck, Infer |
+| Undefined behavior in general ([CWE-758](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/758.html)) | UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer; runtime assertions; Clang-Tidy, Cppcheck, Clang Static Analyzer, Infer |

 In addition, every line of the library is covered by the unit tests, and all parsers are fuzz-tested around the clock
 by [OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json).
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ Note: Some modern features (like C++20 ranges or filesystem support) may be disa
        ```

 - [x] The code is checked with the latest [Cppcheck](https://cppcheck.sourceforge.io) with all warnings enabled.
- [x] The code is checked with the latest [Clang Static Analyzer](https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org) checks, run
-  through Clang-Tidy's `clang-analyzer-*` checks with warnings as errors.
+- [x] The code is checked with the latest [Clang Static Analyzer](https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org) with 89 enabled
+  rules.
 - [x] The code is checked with [Infer](https://fbinfer.com).
 - [x] The code is checked with [Codacy](https://app.codacy.com/gh/nlohmann/json/dashboard).

@@ -71,10 +71,11 @@ otherwise, it uses unsigned integer storage.

    - Numbers with a decimal digit or scientific notation are always stored as `#!c double`.
    - The number types can be changed, see [Template number types](#template-number-types). 
-    - As of version 3.9.1, the conversion is realized by
-      [`std::strtoull`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtoul),
-      [`std::strtoll`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtol), and
-      [`std::strtod`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof), respectively.
+    - The library converts integers and floating-point numbers itself, independent of the locale. Floating-point
+      numbers are correctly rounded (to nearest, ties to even). Only a `#!c long double` that is not IEEE 754 binary64
+      (e.g., the 80-bit x87 format) is converted with `#!cpp std::from_chars` where available, or with
+      [`std::strtold`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof), which gets the decimal point of the
+      current locale, also one longer than one byte (e.g., in `fa_IR.UTF-8`).

 !!! example "Examples"

@@ -85,10 +86,10 @@ otherwise, it uses unsigned integer storage.
 ### Number limits

 - Any 64-bit signed or unsigned integer can be stored without loss of precision.
- Numbers exceeding the limits of `#!c double` (i.e., numbers that after conversion via
-[`std::strtod`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/strtof) are not satisfying
+- Numbers exceeding the limits of `#!c double` (i.e., numbers whose rounded value is not satisfying
 [`std::isfinite`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math/isfinite) such as `#!c 1E400`) will throw exception
-[`json.exception.out_of_range.406`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range406) during parsing.
+[`json.exception.out_of_range.406`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range406) during parsing. Numbers too
+small for `#!c double` (such as `#!c 1E-400`) become zero, with the sign of the number.
 - Floating-point numbers are rounded to the next number representable as `double`. For instance
 `#!c 3.141592653589793238462643383279` is stored as [`0x400921fb54442d18`](https://float.exposed/0x400921fb54442d18).
 This is the same behavior as the code `#!c double x = 3.141592653589793238462643383279;`.
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ Requirements are split into two groups:
    diagnosed with dedicated error messages, and violating most of them results in a compiler error somewhere inside
    the library. Four violations are not caught at compile time at all:

-    - A [`StringType`](#stringtype) whose `data()` is not null-terminated compiles and silently misparses numbers,
-      because the lexer hands the buffer to `#!cpp std::strtoull`/`#!cpp std::strtoll`/`#!cpp std::strtod`.
+    - A [`StringType`](#stringtype) whose `data()` is not null-terminated compiles and silently misparses numbers
+      stored as a `#!cpp long double` that is not IEEE 754 binary64 (e.g., the 80-bit x87 format), because the lexer
+      hands the buffer to `#!cpp std::strtold`.
    - A stateful [`AllocatorType`](#allocatortype) compiles and silently ignores its state: allocation, deallocation,
      and [`get_allocator()`](../../api/basic_json/get_allocator.md) each use a different default-constructed instance.
    - The two [cross-specialization conversions](#cross-specialization-conversions) below. These abort on an assertion
@@ -535,8 +536,10 @@ therefore silently changes parse results rather than raising an error. See

 `NumberFloatType` must be one of `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, or `#!cpp long double`:

- The [parser](../parsing/index.md) converts number literals with `#!cpp std::strtof`, `#!cpp std::strtod`, or
-  `#!cpp std::strtold`; the library provides overloads for exactly these three types.
+- The [parser](../parsing/index.md) converts number literals to `#!cpp float`, `#!cpp double`, and a
+  `#!cpp long double` that is IEEE 754 binary64 itself; other `#!cpp long double` formats are converted with
+  `#!cpp std::from_chars` where available, or with `#!cpp std::strtold`. The library provides overloads for exactly
+  these three types.
 - [`dump`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) falls back to `#!cpp std::snprintf` with the `%g` and `%Lg` conversion
  specifiers, for which the library likewise provides only `#!cpp double` and `#!cpp long double` overloads
  (`#!cpp float` is promoted to `#!cpp double`).
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ The class contains a slightly modified version of the Grisu2 algorithm from Flor

 The class contains a copy of [Hedley](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) from Evan Nemerson which is licensed as [CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).

-The class contains an adapted version of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm and its table of powers of five from [fast_float](https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float) by Daniel Lemire and contributors, which is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (used here), the Apache 2.0 License, and the Boost Software License. Copyright &copy; 2021 The fast_float authors
+The class contains an adapted version of the Eisel-Lemire algorithm, its table of powers of five, and its digit comparison for long numbers from [fast_float](https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float) by Daniel Lemire and contributors, which is available under the [MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) (used here), the Apache 2.0 License, and the Boost Software License. Copyright &copy; 2021 The fast_float authors
@@ -39,6 +39,25 @@ inline int count_leading_zeros(std::uint64_t x) noexcept
 #endif
 }

+/// number of trailing zero bits of x (x != 0)
+inline int count_trailing_zeros(std::uint64_t x) noexcept
+{
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_ctzll(x);
+#else
+    int n = 0;
+    for (int shift = 32; shift != 0; shift >>= 1)
+    {
+        if ((x << (64 - shift)) == 0)
+        {
+            n += shift;
+            x >>= shift;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+#endif
+}
+
 /// the 128-bit product of two 64-bit numbers
 struct uint128_parts
 {
@@ -68,14 +87,19 @@ inline uint128_parts full_multiplication(std::uint64_t a, std::uint64_t b) noexc

 /// eight bytes as a little-endian word (compilers fold this into one load on
 /// little-endian targets)
-inline std::uint64_t read_eight_bytes(const char* p) noexcept
+inline std::uint64_t read_eight_bytes(const unsigned char* b) noexcept
 {
-    const auto* b = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
    return static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[0]) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[1]) << 8u)
           | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[2]) << 16u) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[3]) << 24u)
           | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[4]) << 32u) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[5]) << 40u)
           | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[6]) << 48u) | (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(b[7]) << 56u);
 }

+/// eight bytes as a little-endian word
+inline std::uint64_t read_eight_bytes(const char* p) noexcept
+{
+    return read_eight_bytes(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
+}
+
 }  // namespace detail
 NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
@@ -354,22 +354,22 @@ void())
 }

 template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t... Idx >
-std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)> from_json_inplace_array_impl(const BasicJsonType& j,
+std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)> from_json_inplace_array_impl(BasicJsonType&& j,
                     identity_tag<std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)>> /*unused*/, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
 {
-    return { { j.at(Idx).template get<T>()... } };
+    return { { std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx).template get<T>()... } };
 }

 template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N >
-auto from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, identity_tag<std::array<T, N>> tag)
-> decltype(from_json_inplace_array_impl(j, tag, make_index_sequence<N> {}))
+auto from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::array<T, N>> tag)
+-> decltype(from_json_inplace_array_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), tag, make_index_sequence<N> {}))
 {
    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
    {
        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, concat("type must be array, but is ", j.type_name()), &j));
    }

-    return from_json_inplace_array_impl(j, tag, make_index_sequence<N> {});
+    return from_json_inplace_array_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), tag, make_index_sequence<N> {});
 }

 template<typename BasicJsonType>
@@ -504,54 +504,54 @@ template<std::size_t PTagValue, typename BasicJsonType, typename... Types>
 using tuple_type = std::tuple < decltype(from_json_tuple_get_impl(std::declval<BasicJsonType>(), detail::identity_tag<Types> {}, detail::priority_tag<PTagValue> {}))... >;

 template<std::size_t PTagValue, typename... Args, typename BasicJsonType, std::size_t... Idx>
-tuple_type<PTagValue, const BasicJsonType&, Args...> from_json_tuple_impl_base(const BasicJsonType& j, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
+tuple_type<PTagValue, BasicJsonType, Args...> from_json_tuple_impl_base(BasicJsonType&& j, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
 {
-    return tuple_type<PTagValue, const BasicJsonType&, Args...>(from_json_tuple_get_impl(j.at(Idx), detail::identity_tag<Args> {}, detail::priority_tag<PTagValue> {})...);
+    return tuple_type<PTagValue, BasicJsonType, Args...>(from_json_tuple_get_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx), detail::identity_tag<Args> {}, detail::priority_tag<PTagValue> {})...);
 }

 template<std::size_t PTagValue, typename BasicJsonType>
-std::tuple<> from_json_tuple_impl_base(const BasicJsonType& /*unused*/, index_sequence<> /*unused*/)
+std::tuple<> from_json_tuple_impl_base(BasicJsonType& /*unused*/, index_sequence<> /*unused*/)
 {
    return {};
 }

 template < typename BasicJsonType, class A1, class A2 >
-std::pair<A1, A2> from_json_tuple_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
+std::pair<A1, A2> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
 {
-    return {j.at(0).template get<A1>(),
-            j.at(1).template get<A2>()};
+    return {std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(0).template get<A1>(),
+            std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(1).template get<A2>()};
 }

 template<typename BasicJsonType, typename A1, typename A2>
-inline void from_json_tuple_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, std::pair<A1, A2>& p, priority_tag<1> /*unused*/)
+inline void from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, std::pair<A1, A2>& p, priority_tag<1> /*unused*/)
 {
-    p = from_json_tuple_impl(j, identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> {}, priority_tag<0> {});
+    p = from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> {}, priority_tag<0> {});
 }

 template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args>
-std::tuple<Args...> from_json_tuple_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, identity_tag<std::tuple<Args...>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<2> /*unused*/)
+std::tuple<Args...> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::tuple<Args...>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<2> /*unused*/)
 {
-    static_assert(cxpr_and<cxpr_or<cxpr_not<std::is_reference<Args>>, is_compatible_reference_type<const BasicJsonType&, Args>>...>::value,
+    static_assert(cxpr_and<cxpr_or<cxpr_not<std::is_reference<Args>>, is_compatible_reference_type<BasicJsonType, Args>>...>::value,
                  "Can not return a tuple containing references to types not contained in a Json, try Json::get_to()");
-    return from_json_tuple_impl_base<1, Args...>(j, index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
+    return from_json_tuple_impl_base<1, Args...>(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
 }

 template<typename BasicJsonType, typename... Args>
-inline void from_json_tuple_impl(const BasicJsonType& j, std::tuple<Args...>& t, priority_tag<3> /*unused*/)
+inline void from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, std::tuple<Args...>& t, priority_tag<3> /*unused*/)
 {
-    t = from_json_tuple_impl_base<2, Args...>(j, index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
+    t = from_json_tuple_impl_base<2, Args...>(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), index_sequence_for<Args...> {});
 }

 template<typename BasicJsonType, typename TupleRelated>
-auto from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, TupleRelated&& t)
-> decltype(from_json_tuple_impl(j, std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {}))
+auto from_json(BasicJsonType&& j, TupleRelated&& t)
+-> decltype(from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {}))
 {
    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!j.is_array()))
    {
        JSON_THROW(type_error::create(302, concat("type must be array, but is ", j.type_name()), &j));
    }

-    return from_json_tuple_impl(j, std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {});
+    return from_json_tuple_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j), std::forward<TupleRelated>(t), priority_tag<3> {});
 }

 template < typename BasicJsonType, typename Key, typename Value, typename Compare, typename Allocator,
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ struct from_json_fn
 /// namespace to hold default `from_json` function
 /// to see why this is required:
 /// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4381.html
-namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces,misc-anonymous-namespace-in-header)
+namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces)
 {
 #endif
 JSON_INLINE_VARIABLE constexpr const auto& from_json = // NOLINT(misc-definitions-in-headers)
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ struct to_json_fn
 /// namespace to hold default `to_json` function
 /// to see why this is required:
 /// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4381.html
-namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces,misc-anonymous-namespace-in-header)
+namespace // NOLINT(cert-dcl59-cpp,fuchsia-header-anon-namespaces,google-build-namespaces)
 {
 #endif
 JSON_INLINE_VARIABLE constexpr const auto& to_json = // NOLINT(misc-definitions-in-headers)
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class binary_reader
    @brief Parses a C-style string from the BSON input.
    @param[in,out] result  A reference to the string variable where the read
                            string is to be stored.
-    @return `true` if the \\x00-byte indicating the end of the string was
+    @return `true` if the \x00-byte indicating the end of the string was
             encountered before the EOF; false` indicates an unexpected EOF.
    */
    bool get_bson_cstr(string_t& result)
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class binary_reader
    @brief read a C-style string from contiguous input in one step

    @param[in,out] result  the string to append to
-    @return whether the string was read; if the input has no \\x00-byte, nothing
+    @return whether the string was read; if the input has no \x00-byte, nothing
            is read, and @ref get_bson_cstr reports the end of the input
    */
    bool get_bson_cstr_bulk(string_t& result, std::true_type /*bulk*/)
@@ -769,9 +769,6 @@ struct container_input_adapter_factory< ContainerType,

           static adapter_type create(ContainerType&& container)
 {
-    // container is forwarded twice on purpose: the resulting begin/end
-    // iterator types must match adapter_type, computed the same way
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-use-after-move)
    return input_adapter(begin(std::forward<ContainerType>(container)), end(std::forward<ContainerType>(container)));
 }
       };
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ class json_sax_dom_parser
                }
                default: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
                    // Handle all possible types discretely, default handler should never be reached.
-                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert,-warnings-as-errors) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
            }
        }
    }
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ class json_sax_dom_callback_parser
                }
                default: // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
                    // Handle all possible types discretely, default handler should never be reached.
-                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
+                    JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert,-warnings-as-errors) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
            }
        }
    }
@@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
    /////////////////////

    /*!
-    @brief get codepoint from 4 hex characters following `\\u`
+    @brief get codepoint from 4 hex characters following `\u`

-    For input "\\u c1 c2 c3 c4" the codepoint is:
+    For input "\u c1 c2 c3 c4" the codepoint is:
      (c1 * 0x1000) + (c2 * 0x0100) + (c3 * 0x0010) + c4
    = (c1 << 12) + (c2 << 8) + (c3 << 4) + (c4 << 0)

@@ -1059,9 +1059,11 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
            token_type::parse_error otherwise

    @note The scanner is independent of the current locale: token_buffer
-          always holds `.`. Only the std::strtod fallback of convert_number()
-          depends on the locale, and it looks up the decimal point right
-          before converting (see detail::convert_float_locale_aware()).
+          always holds `.`. The conversion of float and double does not use
+          the locale either. Only the std::strtold fallback of
+          convert_number() for long double formats other than binary64
+          depends on it, and it looks up the decimal point right before
+          converting (see detail::convert_float_locale_aware()).
    */
    token_type scan_number()  // lgtm [cpp/use-of-goto] `goto` is used in this function to implement the number-parsing state machine described above. By design, any finite input will eventually reach the "done" state or return token_type::parse_error. In each intermediate state, 1 byte of the input is appended to the token_buffer vector, and only the already initialized variables token_buffer, number_type, and error_message are manipulated.
    {
@@ -1074,7 +1076,7 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>

        // offset just past the last mantissa byte in token_buffer (i.e. the
        // index of 'e'/'E', or the whole token when there is no exponent).
-        // convert_number() uses it to count significant digits; npos means
+        // convert_number() uses it to split the token; npos means
        // "not seen an exponent yet" and is resolved at scan_number_done
        std::size_t mantissa_end = std::string::npos;

@@ -1404,8 +1406,8 @@ scan_number_done:
    @param[in] mantissa_end  offset just past the last mantissa byte in
                             token_buffer (the index of 'e'/'E', or
                             token_buffer.size() when there is no exponent);
-                             used to skip Clinger's fast path when it cannot
-                             possibly succeed - see detail::mantissa_fits_clinger()
+                             with decimal_point_position, it locates the parts
+                             of a float token without scanning it again
    */
    token_type convert_number(token_type number_type, std::size_t mantissa_end)
    {
@@ -1474,10 +1476,11 @@ scan_number_done:
        }

        // this code is reached if we parse a floating-point number or if an
-        // integer conversion above overflowed. Prefer std::from_chars
-        // (Eisel-Lemire, locale-independent, correctly rounded) when available;
-        // otherwise the exact Clinger fast path (double only); otherwise the
-        // locale-aware strtof/strtod/strtold.
+        // integer conversion above overflowed. float and double (and long
+        // double where it is binary64) are converted by the library itself,
+        // correctly rounded and independent of the locale; other long double
+        // formats use std::from_chars when available, otherwise the
+        // locale-aware strtold.
        if (convert_float_fast(num_begin, num_end, decimal_point_position, mantissa_end, value_float))
        {
            return token_type::value_float;
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <cstdint> // uint64_t
 #include <cstring> // memcpy

+#include <nlohmann/detail/bit_ops.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>

 // Optional SIMD backend for bulk UTF-8 validation. This is an opt-in external
@@ -69,18 +70,12 @@ inline std::size_t find_string_special(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t n)
    std::size_t i = 0;
    for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8)
    {
-        std::uint64_t word = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&word, data + i, sizeof(word));
-        if (swar_string_special(word) != 0)
+        const std::uint64_t special = swar_string_special(read_eight_bytes(data + i));
+        if (special != 0)
        {
-            // a special byte is in this word; locate it (endian-agnostic)
-            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
-            {
-                if (is_string_special(data[i + j]))
-                {
-                    return i + j;
-                }
-            }
+            // the lowest flagged byte is the first special one: the borrows of
+            // the subtractions can only flag bytes above a true hit
+            return i + (static_cast<std::size_t>(count_trailing_zeros(special)) / 8);
        }
    }
    for (; i < n; ++i)
@@ -114,8 +109,7 @@ inline std::size_t find_ascii_copyable_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_
    std::size_t i = 0;
    for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8)
    {
-        std::uint64_t v = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&v, data + i, sizeof(v));
+        const std::uint64_t v = read_eight_bytes(data + i);
        const std::uint64_t q = v ^ 0x2222222222222222ull; // '"'  (0x22)
        const std::uint64_t b = v ^ 0x5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5Cull; // '\\' (0x5C)
        const std::uint64_t d = v ^ 0x7F7F7F7F7F7F7F7Full; // DEL  (0x7F)
@@ -126,7 +120,9 @@ inline std::size_t find_ascii_copyable_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_
                                   | (v & high);               // >= 0x80
        if (stop != 0)
        {
-            break;
+            // the lowest flagged byte is the first one to stop at (see
+            // find_string_special())
+            return i + (static_cast<std::size_t>(count_trailing_zeros(stop)) / 8);
        }
    }
    for (; i < n; ++i)
@@ -253,12 +249,18 @@ inline std::size_t scalar_string_bulk_run(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t
        {
            break; // end of buffer, or a quote/escape/control byte
        }
-        const std::size_t seq = validate_one_utf8(data + pos, n - pos);
-        if (seq == 0)
+        // a run of multi-byte sequences (e.g. CJK text) is validated sequence
+        // by sequence without searching for the next special byte in between
+        do
        {
-            break; // ill-formed or truncated: let the byte path diagnose it
+            const std::size_t seq = validate_one_utf8(data + pos, n - pos);
+            if (seq == 0)
+            {
+                return pos; // ill-formed or truncated: let the byte path diagnose it
+            }
+            pos += seq;
        }
-        pos += seq;
+        while (pos < n && data[pos] >= 0x80u);
    }
    return pos;
 }
@@ -273,8 +275,7 @@ inline std::size_t find_string_delimiter(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t
    std::size_t i = 0;
    for (; i + 8 <= n; i += 8)
    {
-        std::uint64_t v = 0;
-        std::memcpy(&v, data + i, sizeof(v));
+        const std::uint64_t v = read_eight_bytes(data + i);
        const std::uint64_t q = v ^ 0x2222222222222222ull;
        const std::uint64_t b = v ^ 0x5C5C5C5C5C5C5C5Cull;
        const std::uint64_t hit = ((q - ones) & ~q & high)
@@ -282,14 +283,8 @@ inline std::size_t find_string_delimiter(const unsigned char* data, std::size_t
                                  | ((v - 0x2020202020202020ull) & ~v & high);
        if (hit != 0)
        {
-            for (std::size_t j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
-            {
-                const unsigned char c = data[i + j];
-                if (c == '\"' || c == '\\' || c < 0x20u)
-                {
-                    return i + j;
-                }
-            }
+            // the lowest flagged byte is the first delimiter (see find_string_special())
+            return i + (static_cast<std::size_t>(count_trailing_zeros(hit)) / 8);
        }
    }
    for (; i < n; ++i)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ This class implements a both iterators (iterator and const_iterator) for the
      been set (e.g., by a constructor or a copy assignment). If the iterator is
      default-constructed, it is *uninitialized* and most methods are undefined.
      **The library uses assertions to detect calls on uninitialized iterators.**
-This class satisfies the following concept requirements (REQ-JSON-01):
+@requirement REQ-JSON-01 The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
 -
 [BidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator):
  The iterator that can be moved can be moved in both directions (i.e.
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ namespace std
    JSON_HEDLEY_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmismatched-tags")
 #endif
 template<typename IteratorType>
-class tuple_size<::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,bugprone-std-namespace-modification)
+class tuple_size<::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType>> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
    : public std::integral_constant<std::size_t, 2> {};

 template<std::size_t N, typename IteratorType>
-class tuple_element<N, ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType >> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,bugprone-std-namespace-modification)
+class tuple_element<N, ::nlohmann::detail::iteration_proxy_value<IteratorType >> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
 {
  public:
    using type = decltype(
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace detail
 iterator (to create @ref reverse_iterator) and @ref const_iterator (to
 create @ref const_reverse_iterator).

-This class satisfies the following concept requirements (REQ-JSON-02):
+@requirement REQ-JSON-02 The class satisfies the following concept requirements:
 -
 [BidirectionalIterator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/named_req/BidirectionalIterator):
  The iterator that can be moved can be moved in both directions (i.e.
@@ -278,11 +278,11 @@ class json_pointer
            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(404, detail::concat("unresolved reference token '", s, "'"), nullptr));
        }

-        // the index does not fit into size_type; on 64-bit platforms this is
-        // only SIZE_MAX itself (see #2203 and #5395)
+        // only triggered on special platforms (like 32bit), see also
+        // https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/2203
        if (res >= static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max)()))  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
        {
-            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(410, detail::concat("array index ", s, " exceeds size_type"), nullptr));
+            JSON_THROW(detail::out_of_range::create(410, detail::concat("array index ", s, " exceeds size_type"), nullptr));   // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
        }

        return static_cast<size_type>(res);
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ class json_pointer
    /*!
    @brief create and return a reference to the pointed to value

-    Complexity: Linear in the number of reference tokens.
+    @complexity Linear in the number of reference tokens.

    @throw parse_error.106 if an array index begins with '0'
    @throw parse_error.109 if array index is not a number
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ class json_pointer

    @return reference to the JSON value pointed to by the JSON pointer

-    Complexity: Linear in the length of the JSON pointer.
+    @complexity Linear in the length of the JSON pointer.

    @throw parse_error.106   if an array index begins with '0'
    @throw parse_error.109   if an array index was not a number
@@ -195,6 +195,13 @@
    #define JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL 1
 #endif

+// disable documentation warnings on clang
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic push
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation"
+    #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation-unknown-command"
+#endif
+
 // allow disabling exceptions
 #if (defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)) && !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
    #define JSON_THROW(exception) throw exception
@@ -253,7 +260,7 @@
    {                                                                                           \
        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-type-traits) we use C++11 */                                \
        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
-        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */ \
+        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */       \
        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
                               [e](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool  \
@@ -267,7 +274,7 @@
    {                                                                                           \
        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-type-traits) we use C++11 */                                \
        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
-        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */ \
+        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */       \
        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
                               [&j](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool \
@@ -306,7 +313,7 @@ void templated_json_throw(ExceptionType exception)
    {                                                                                           \
        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-type-traits) we use C++11 */                                \
        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
-        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */ \
+        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */       \
        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
                               [e](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool  \
@@ -321,7 +328,7 @@ void templated_json_throw(ExceptionType exception)
    {                                                                                           \
        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-type-traits) we use C++11 */                                \
        static_assert(std::is_enum<ENUM_TYPE>::value, #ENUM_TYPE " must be an enum!");          \
-        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */ \
+        /* NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-avoid-c-arrays) we don't want to depend on <array> */       \
        static const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType> m[] = __VA_ARGS__;                     \
        auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(m), std::end(m),                                      \
                               [&j](const std::pair<ENUM_TYPE, BasicJsonType>& ej_pair) -> bool \
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@

 #pragma once

+// restore clang diagnostic settings
+#if defined(__clang__)
+    #pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 // clean up
 #undef JSON_ASSERT
 #undef JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <iterator> // back_inserter
 #include <memory> // shared_ptr, make_shared
 #include <string> // basic_string
-#include <type_traits> // conditional, integral_constant, is_same
 #include <utility> // move
 #include <vector> // vector

@@ -118,14 +117,12 @@ class output_stream_adapter : public output_adapter_protocol<CharType>
        : stream(s)
    {}

-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(portability-template-virtual-member-function)
    void write_character(CharType c) override
    {
        stream.put(c);
    }

    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(portability-template-virtual-member-function)
    void write_characters(const CharType* s, std::size_t length) override
    {
        stream.write(s, static_cast<std::streamsize>(length));
@@ -193,82 +190,7 @@ class output_adapter_sink
    output_adapter_t<CharType> oa;
 };

-/// @brief whether std::basic_string<CharType> has a non-deprecated std::char_traits
-///        specialization, and is therefore usable as output_adapter's default StringType
-///
-/// std::char_traits is only guaranteed (and, on some standard libraries, only
-/// implemented without a deprecation warning) for the character types listed
-/// below; std::char_traits<T> for any other T (e.g. std::uint8_t, as used by the
-/// binary writers) is a non-standard extension some standard libraries deprecate.
-/// See https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5725 item 2.
-template<typename CharType>
-struct is_output_adapter_string_char_type : std::integral_constant < bool,
-    std::is_same<CharType, char>::value ||
-    std::is_same<CharType, wchar_t>::value ||
-    std::is_same<CharType, char16_t>::value ||
-    std::is_same<CharType, char32_t>::value
-#if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t) && (__cpp_lib_char8_t >= 201907L)
-    || std::is_same<CharType, char8_t>::value
-#endif
-    > {};
-
-/// @brief placeholder type for output_adapter's StringType and (with JSON_NO_IO
-///        undefined) its std::basic_ostream constructor parameter, for CharType
-///        with no non-deprecated std::char_traits specialization
-///
-/// Never actually used: the StringType- and std::basic_ostream-based
-/// output_adapter constructors are neither documented nor tested for such
-/// CharType (only the std::vector-based constructor is used for them, by the
-/// binary writers). Naming std::basic_string<CharType> or
-/// std::basic_ostream<CharType> anywhere such a constructor would otherwise be
-/// declared - even as an unused default template argument or an unused,
-/// never-called overload - instantiates std::char_traits<CharType> merely to
-/// name the type, which is exactly what triggers the deprecation warning this
-/// placeholder avoids.
-template<typename CharType>
-struct output_adapter_no_string_type {};
-
-// Select output_adapter's default StringType (and, below, its ostream
-// constructor's parameter type) via partial specialization, not
-// std::conditional: std::conditional<B, T, F> requires both T and F to be named
-// as template arguments up front, which would still instantiate (and thus name)
-// std::basic_string<CharType> / std::basic_ostream<CharType> for every CharType,
-// defeating the point. A bool non-type parameter with two specializations only
-// ever names the type that is actually selected.
-template<typename CharType, bool = is_output_adapter_string_char_type<CharType>::value>
-struct output_adapter_default_string_type
-{
-    using type = output_adapter_no_string_type<CharType>;
-};
-
-template<typename CharType>
-struct output_adapter_default_string_type<CharType, true>
-{
-    using type = std::basic_string<CharType>;
-};
-
-#ifndef JSON_NO_IO
-/// distinct from output_adapter_no_string_type, so the placeholder overloads of
-/// output_adapter's constructor (used when CharType is not a character type)
-/// stay distinct overloads instead of colliding into a single redeclaration
-template<typename CharType>
-struct output_adapter_no_ostream_type {};
-
-template<typename CharType, bool = is_output_adapter_string_char_type<CharType>::value>
-struct output_adapter_ostream_type
-{
-    using type = output_adapter_no_ostream_type<CharType>;
-};
-
-template<typename CharType>
-struct output_adapter_ostream_type<CharType, true>
-{
-    using type = std::basic_ostream<CharType>;
-};
-#endif  // JSON_NO_IO
-
-template < typename CharType, typename StringType =
-           typename output_adapter_default_string_type<CharType>::type >
+template<typename CharType, typename StringType = std::basic_string<CharType>>
 class output_adapter
 {
  public:
@@ -277,7 +199,7 @@ class output_adapter
        : oa(std::make_shared<output_vector_adapter<CharType, AllocatorType>>(vec)) {}

 #ifndef JSON_NO_IO
-    output_adapter(typename output_adapter_ostream_type<CharType>::type& s)
+    output_adapter(std::basic_ostream<CharType>& s)
        : oa(std::make_shared<output_stream_adapter<CharType>>(s)) {}
 #endif  // JSON_NO_IO

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class serializer
    @param[in] ichar  indentation character to use
    @param[in] pretty_print_  whether the output shall be pretty-printed
    @param[in] ensure_ascii_ If @a ensure_ascii_ is true, all non-ASCII
-    characters in the output are escaped with `\\uXXXX` sequences, and the
+    characters in the output are escaped with `\uXXXX` sequences, and the
    result consists of ASCII characters only.
    @param[in] indent_step_  the indent level
    @param[in] error_handler_  how to react on decoding errors
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ class serializer

    @param[in] s  the string to escape

-    Complexity: Linear in the length of string @a s.
+    @complexity Linear in the length of string @a s.
    */
    void dump_escaped(const string_t& s)
    {
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ class serializer
    }

    /*!
-     * @brief write a lowercase "\\uXXXX" escape sequence into @a string_buffer
+     * @brief write a lowercase "\uXXXX" escape sequence into @a string_buffer
     *
     * Branch-free replacement for `snprintf(buf, 7, "\\u%04x", codeunit)` in the
     * string escaping hot path. It writes exactly six characters ('\\', 'u' and
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ class serializer
    /// whether to pretty-print the output
    const bool pretty_print;

-    /// whether to escape non-ASCII characters with \\uXXXX sequences
+    /// whether to escape non-ASCII characters with \uXXXX sequences
    const bool ensure_ascii;

    /// the indent level
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ inline StringType escape(const StringType& s)

 /*!
 * @brief string unescaping as described in RFC 6901 (Sect. 4)
- * @param[in,out] s string to unescape in place
+ * @param[in] s string to unescape
+ * @return    unescaped string
 *
 * Note the order of escaping "~1" to "/" and "~0" to "~" is important.
 *
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@
 #ifndef INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
 #define INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_

+// Workaround for GCC template redefinition errors in C++ modules
+// When nlohmann/json.hpp is included in a C++20 module preamble after
+// other module imports, GCC may report spurious redefinition errors for
+// STL templates. These pragmas suppress those false positives.
+// See: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5103
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __cplusplus >= 202002L
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wignored-attributes"
+#endif
+
 #include <algorithm> // all_of, find, for_each, none_of
 #include <cstddef> // nullptr_t, ptrdiff_t, size_t
 #include <functional> // hash, less
@@ -2340,12 +2350,12 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws

-    The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
-    be converted to integers, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
-    `std::vector<short>`, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
-    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string,
-    json>`.
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,get__ValueType_const}

    @since version 2.1.0
    */
@@ -2412,7 +2422,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

    @return a copy of *this, converted into @a BasicJsonType

-    Complexity: Depending on the implementation of the called `from_json()`
+    @complexity Depending on the implementation of the called `from_json()`
                method.

    @since version 3.2.0
@@ -2436,7 +2446,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

    @return a copy of *this

-    Complexity: Constant.
+    @complexity Constant.

    @since version 2.1.0
    */
@@ -2482,7 +2492,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    @tparam ValueTypeCV the provided value type
    @tparam ValueType the returned value type

-    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @a ValueType if necessary
+    @return copy of the JSON value, converted to @tparam ValueType if necessary

    @throw what @ref json_serializer<ValueType> `from_json()` method throws if conversion is required

@@ -2520,12 +2530,12 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    @return pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested
    pointer type @a PointerType fits to the JSON value; `nullptr` otherwise

-    Complexity: Constant.
+    @complexity Constant.

-    The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
+    @liveexample{The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a
    JSON value can be requested. Note that no type conversions are made and a
    `nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not
-    match.
+    match.,get__PointerType}

    @sa see @ref get_ptr() for explicit pointer-member access

@@ -2619,14 +2629,14 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    to the JSON value type (e.g., the JSON value is of type boolean, but a
    string is requested); see example below

-    Complexity: Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+    @complexity Linear in the size of the JSON value.

-    The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
+    @liveexample{The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
    to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
-    be converted to integers, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
-    `std::vector<short>`, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
-    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string,
-    json>`.
+    be converted to integers\, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
+    `std::vector<short>`\, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
+    associative containers such as `std::unordered_map<std::string\,
+    json>`.,operator__ValueType}

    @since version 1.0.0
    */
@@ -5049,19 +5059,6 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    /// @deprecated This function is deprecated since 3.8.0 and will be removed in
    ///             version 4.0.0 of the library. Please use
    ///             sax_parse(ptr, ptr + len) instead.
-    //
-    // Clang reports "declaration is marked with '@deprecated' command but does
-    // not have a deprecation attribute" for this overload even though
-    // JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR below does expand to __attribute__((deprecated));
-    // isolated reproductions of this exact declaration shape (doc comment,
-    // template<>, two stacked __attribute__ lines, an overload set of the same
-    // name) do not reproduce it, so this looks like a Clang comment/declaration
-    // association quirk specific to this overload within basic_json, not a
-    // genuine documentation bug. See #5725 item 2.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdocumentation-deprecated-sync"
-#endif
    template <typename SAX>
    JSON_HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR(3.8.0, sax_parse(ptr, ptr + len, ...))
    JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(2)
@@ -5078,9 +5075,6 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
               // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg,performance-move-const-arg)
               : detail::binary_reader<basic_json, decltype(ia), SAX>(std::move(ia), format).sax_parse(format, sax, strict);
    }
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
-#endif
 #ifndef JSON_NO_IO
    /// @brief deserialize from stream
    /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_gtgt/
@@ -6501,7 +6495,7 @@ namespace std // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
 /// @brief hash value for JSON objects
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/std_hash/
 NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
-struct hash<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,bugprone-std-namespace-modification)
+struct hash<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
 {
    std::size_t operator()(const nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j) const
    {
@@ -6534,7 +6528,7 @@ struct less< ::nlohmann::detail::value_t> // do not remove the space after '<',
 /// @brief exchanges the values of two JSON objects
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/std_swap/
 NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
-inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j2) noexcept(  // NOLINT(readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name, cert-dcl58-cpp,bugprone-std-namespace-modification)
+inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j2) noexcept(  // NOLINT(readability-inconsistent-declaration-parameter-name, cert-dcl58-cpp)
    is_nothrow_move_constructible<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL>::value&&                          // NOLINT(misc-redundant-expression,cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-swap,performance-noexcept-swap)
    is_nothrow_move_assignable<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL>::value)
 {
@@ -6548,7 +6542,7 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
 /// @brief std::formatter specialization for JSON values
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/std_formatter/
 NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL_DECLARATION
-struct formatter<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL, char> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,bugprone-std-namespace-modification)
+struct formatter<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL, char> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
 {
    // -1 means compact output (dump()); any value >= 0 means pretty-printed
    // output with that many spaces (or indent_char) per level (dump(indent, indent_char)).
@@ -6625,6 +6619,11 @@ struct formatter<nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL, char> // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-c

 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp>

+// End of GCC diagnostic pragmas for C++ modules support
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __cplusplus >= 202002L
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
 // The user-defined string literals are in a separate header, because their
 // bodies instantiate the parser in every translation unit that includes them.
 // Define JSON_NO_AUTOMATIC_UDLS to include <nlohmann/json_literals.hpp> only
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ target_compile_options(test_main PUBLIC
    # https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/3229
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Intel>:-diag-disable=2196>

+    $<$<NOT:$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:-Wno-deprecated;-Wno-float-equal>
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Intel>:-diag-disable=1786>)
-target_include_directories(test_main SYSTEM PUBLIC
-    thirdparty/doctest)
 target_include_directories(test_main PUBLIC
+    thirdparty/doctest
    thirdparty/fifo_map
    ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/include)
 target_link_libraries(test_main PUBLIC ${NLOHMANN_JSON_TARGET_NAME})
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ target_compile_options(abi_compat_common INTERFACE
    # https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/3229
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Intel>:-diag-disable=2196>

+    $<$<NOT:$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>>:-Wno-deprecated;-Wno-float-equal>
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU>:-Wno-deprecated-declarations>
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Intel>:-diag-disable=1786>)
 target_include_directories(abi_compat_common SYSTEM INTERFACE
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ std::string namespace_name(std::string ns, T* /*unused*/ = nullptr) // NOLINT(pe
    std::smatch m;

    // extract the true namespace name from the function signature
-    CAPTURE(ns)
+    CAPTURE(ns);
    CHECK(std::regex_search(ns, m, std::regex("nlohmann(::[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)*::basic_json")));

    return m.str();
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array> // array
+#include <cstdint> // uint32_t, uint64_t
+
+// Number tokens that are hard to round correctly, with the IEEE-754 binary64
+// and binary32 bits of their correctly rounded values (ties to even; infinity
+// for an overflow, a signed zero for an underflow).
+//
+// For doubles and floats around 0, the smallest normal number, 1, 2^24, 2^53,
+// 0.1, and the largest finite number, and for random ones, the exact midpoint
+// m to the next number gives: m, m with one unit more and less in the last
+// digit, m with "01" and "0...01" appended, m with trailing zeros, and m cut
+// after 17 to 30 digits (rounded down and up, so that the rounding is decided
+// after the 19th digit), in fixed and exponent notation, 30% of them negative.
+// Tokens longer than 80 characters are left out, except for four of 700 digits
+// and more. Zeros, underflow, overflow, huge exponents, and integers beyond 64
+// bits complete the set. Of the 508 tokens, 134 (as double) and 150 (as
+// float) need the exact comparison with the midpoint (detail::digit_comparison()).
+//
+// The expected bits were computed with exact rational arithmetic in Python
+// (fractions.Fraction) and cross-checked with Python's float(); strtod_l and
+// strtof_l of Apple's libc and of glibc agree. Generated by
+// compact_hard_cases.py 5 (with hard_cases.py), see the pull request that
+// added this file.
+
+namespace float_hard_cases
+{
+
+struct hard_case
+{
+    const char* token;
+    std::uint64_t bits64;
+    std::uint32_t bits32;
+};
+
+inline const std::array<hard_case, 508>& cases()
+{
+    static const std::array<hard_case, 508> table =
+    {
+        {
+            {"-2.4703282292062327e-324", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"24703282292062328e-340", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"247032822920623272e-341", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.2470328229206232721e-323", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-0.24703282292062327208e-323", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-2.4703282292062327209e-324", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"2.47032822920623272088e-324", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"247032822920623272089e-344", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-247032822920623272088284396434e-353", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.247032822920623272088284396435e-323", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-74109846876186981e-340", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.74109846876186982e-323", 0x0000000000000002u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.7410984687618698162e-323", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-7.410984687618698163e-324", 0x8000000000000002u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"7.4109846876186981626e-324", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-74109846876186981627e-343", 0x8000000000000002u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-741098468761869816264e-344", 0x8000000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.741098468761869816265e-323", 0x0000000000000002u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.741098468761869816264853189302e-323", 0x0000000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-7.41098468761869816264853189303e-324", 0x8000000000000002u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.22250738585072006e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.2250738585072007e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.225073858507200641e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2225073858507200642e-326", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"22250738585072006419e-327", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.2225073858507200642e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720064199e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.225073858507200642e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.22507385850720064199176395546e-308", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"222507385850720064199176395547e-337", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.2250738585072011e-308", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-22250738585072012e-324", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-2225073858507201136e-326", 0x800FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.2225073858507201137e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.2225073858507201136e-307", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.2250738585072011361e-308", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"2.22507385850720113605e-308", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"222507385850720113606e-328", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"22250738585072011360574097967e-336", 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720113605740979671e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"22250738585072016e-324", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.22250738585072017e-307", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720163e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.225073858507201631e-308", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.2250738585072016301e-308", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"22250738585072016302e-327", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-222507385850720163012e-328", 0x8010000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720163013e-307", 0x0010000000000001u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.222507385850720163012305563795e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-2.22507385850720163012305563796e-308", 0x8010000000000001u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.17976931348623156E+309", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1.7976931348623157e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1.797693134862315608e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1797693134862315609e290", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"-17976931348623156083e289", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"-0.17976931348623156084E+309", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"0.179769313486231560835E+309", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1.79769313486231560836e308", 0xFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1.79769313486231560835325876058e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFEu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"179769313486231560835325876059e279", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1.7976931348623158e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"17976931348623159e292", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1797693134862315807e290", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.1797693134862315808E+309", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.17976931348623158079E+309", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1.797693134862315808e308", 0xFFF0000000000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1.79769313486231580793e308", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"179769313486231580794e288", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"179769313486231580793728971405e279", 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-0.179769313486231580793728971406E+309", 0xFFF0000000000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"100000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125e-53", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203126", 0xBFF0000000000001u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203124e0", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"10000000000000001110223024625156540423631668090820312501e-55", 0x3FF0000000000001u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125000000000000000000001", 0x3FF0000000000001u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"10000000000000001e-16", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"1.0000000000000002", 0x3FF0000000000001u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"1.000000000000000111", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"1.000000000000000112e0", 0x3FF0000000000001u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"1.000000000000000111e0", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-10000000000000001111e-19", 0xBFF0000000000001u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"-100000000000000011102e-20", 0xBFF0000000000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"-1.00000000000000011103", 0xBFF0000000000001u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"1.00000000000000011102230246251", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"1.00000000000000011102230246252e0", 0x3FF0000000000001u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-0.999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984375", 0xBFF0000000000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"-9.99999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984376e-1", 0xBFF0000000000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"999999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984374e-54", 0x3FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"0.99999999999999994448884876874217297881841659545898437501", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"9.99999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984375000000000000000000001e-1", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-0.99999999999999994", 0xBFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"9.9999999999999995e-1", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"9.999999999999999444e-1", 0x3FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"9999999999999999445e-19", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"99999999999999994448e-20", 0x3FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-0.99999999999999994449", 0xBFF0000000000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"0.999999999999999944488", 0x3FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-9.99999999999999944489e-1", 0xBFF0000000000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"9.99999999999999944488848768742e-1", 0x3FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"999999999999999944488848768743e-30", 0x3FF0000000000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-9.007199254740993e15", 0xC340000000000000u, 0xDA000000u},
+            {"9007199254740994e0", 0x4340000000000001u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"9007199254740992", 0x4340000000000000u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"9.00719925474099301e15", 0x4340000000000001u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"9007199254740993000000000000000000001e-21", 0x4340000000000001u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"-9007199254740993.000000000000000000000000000000", 0xC340000000000000u, 0xDA000000u},
+            {"90071992547409915e-1", 0x4340000000000000u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"-9007199254740991.6", 0xC340000000000000u, 0xDA000000u},
+            {"9.0071992547409914e15", 0x433FFFFFFFFFFFFFu, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"-9007199254740991501e-3", 0xC340000000000000u, 0xDA000000u},
+            {"9007199254740991.5000000000000000000001", 0x4340000000000000u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"9.0071992547409915000000000000000000000000000000e15", 0x4340000000000000u, 0x5A000000u},
+            {"0.100000000000000012490009027033011079765856266021728515625", 0x3FB999999999999Au, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"1.00000000000000012490009027033011079765856266021728515626e-1", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"100000000000000012490009027033011079765856266021728515624e-57", 0x3FB999999999999Au, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"0.10000000000000001249000902703301107976585626602172851562501", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"0.10000000000000001", 0x3FB999999999999Au, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"1.0000000000000002e-1", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"-1.000000000000000124e-1", 0xBFB999999999999Au, 0xBDCCCCCDu},
+            {"1000000000000000125e-19", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"-10000000000000001249e-20", 0xBFB999999999999Au, 0xBDCCCCCDu},
+            {"0.1000000000000000125", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"0.10000000000000001249", 0x3FB999999999999Au, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"1.00000000000000012491e-1", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"1.00000000000000012490009027033e-1", 0x3FB999999999999Au, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"100000000000000012490009027034e-30", 0x3FB999999999999Bu, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"2.45134755833537796875e14", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"-245134755833537796876e-6", 0xC2EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0xD75EF2E2u},
+            {"-245134755833537.796874", 0xC2EBDE5C4164D839u, 0xD75EF2E2u},
+            {"2.4513475583353779687501e14", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"245134755833537796875000000000000000000001e-27", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"245134755833537.796875000000000000000000000000000000", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"2.4513475583353779e14", 0x42EBDE5C4164D839u, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"2451347558335378e-1", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"2451347558335377968e-4", 0x42EBDE5C4164D839u, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"245134755833537.7969", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"245134755833537.79687", 0x42EBDE5C4164D839u, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"2.4513475583353779688e14", 0x42EBDE5C4164D83Au, 0x575EF2E2u},
+            {"181510327827821147441864013671875e-23", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"-1815103278.27821147441864013671876", 0xC1DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0xCED8608Eu},
+            {"1.81510327827821147441864013671874e9", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE37u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"18151032782782114744186401367187501e-25", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"1815103278.27821147441864013671875000000000000000000001", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"-1.81510327827821147441864013671875000000000000000000000000000000e9", 0xC1DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0xCED8608Eu},
+            {"18151032782782114e-7", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE37u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"1815103278.2782115", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"1815103278.278211474", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE37u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"-1.815103278278211475e9", 0xC1DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0xCED8608Eu},
+            {"1.8151032782782114744e9", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE37u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"-18151032782782114745e-10", 0xC1DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0xCED8608Eu},
+            {"181510327827821147441e-11", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE37u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"1815103278.27821147442", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"1815103278.27821147441864013671", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE37u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"1.81510327827821147441864013672e9", 0x41DB0C11CB91CE38u, 0x4ED8608Eu},
+            {"3809325632181785344", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE2Au, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3.809325632181785345e18", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE2Au, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3809325632181785343e0", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE29u, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3809325632181785344.01", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE2Au, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3.809325632181785344000000000000000000001e18", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE2Au, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3809325632181785344000000000000000000000000000000e-30", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE2Au, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3809325632181785300", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE29u, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"3.8093256321817854e18", 0x43CA6EB8BD69FE2Au, 0x5E5375C6u},
+            {"4.046966549916366943359375e12", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916366943359376e-12", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916.366943359374", 0x428D7210076CE2EFu, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4.04696654991636694335937501e12", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916366943359375000000000000000000001e-33", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"-4046966549916.366943359375000000000000000000000000000000", 0xC28D7210076CE2F0u, 0xD46B9080u},
+            {"4.0469665499163669e12", 0x428D7210076CE2EFu, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916367e-3", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916366943e-6", 0x428D7210076CE2EFu, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916.366944", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4046966549916.3669433", 0x428D7210076CE2EFu, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"4.0469665499163669434e12", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"-4.04696654991636694335e12", 0xC28D7210076CE2EFu, 0xD46B9080u},
+            {"404696654991636694336e-8", 0x428D7210076CE2F0u, 0x546B9080u},
+            {"28093802557000874e154", 0x63529C3B77330BDBu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.28093802557000875E+171", 0x63529C3B77330BDCu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.2809380255700087447E+171", 0x63529C3B77330BDBu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"2.809380255700087448e170", 0x63529C3B77330BDCu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"2.8093802557000874472e170", 0x63529C3B77330BDBu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"28093802557000874473e151", 0x63529C3B77330BDCu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"280938025570008744728e150", 0x63529C3B77330BDBu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-0.280938025570008744729E+171", 0xE3529C3B77330BDCu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"-0.280938025570008744728403667979E+171", 0xE3529C3B77330BDBu, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"2.8093802557000874472840366798e170", 0x63529C3B77330BDCu, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.39523280297734525e-154", 0x1FE0F51BF17FD374u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-3.9523280297734526e-155", 0x9FE0F51BF17FD375u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"3.952328029773452547e-155", 0x1FE0F51BF17FD374u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"3952328029773452548e-173", 0x1FE0F51BF17FD375u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-39523280297734525478e-174", 0x9FE0F51BF17FD374u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.39523280297734525479e-154", 0x1FE0F51BF17FD375u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.395232802977345254787e-154", 0x9FE0F51BF17FD374u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-3.95232802977345254788e-155", 0x9FE0F51BF17FD375u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-3.95232802977345254787245825501e-155", 0x9FE0F51BF17FD374u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"395232802977345254787245825502e-184", 0x1FE0F51BF17FD375u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-1.0790205420931879e-276", 0x86A3209CA6233255u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-1079020542093188e-291", 0x86A3209CA6233256u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"-1079020542093187947e-294", 0x86A3209CA6233255u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.1079020542093187948e-275", 0x06A3209CA6233256u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.1079020542093187947e-275", 0x06A3209CA6233255u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1.0790205420931879471e-276", 0x06A3209CA6233256u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1.07902054209318794701e-276", 0x06A3209CA6233255u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-107902054209318794702e-296", 0x86A3209CA6233256u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"107902054209318794701153285302e-305", 0x06A3209CA6233255u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.107902054209318794701153285303e-275", 0x86A3209CA6233256u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"58530471071351308e-228", 0x1413B446E6A16A3Bu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.58530471071351309e-211", 0x9413B446E6A16A3Cu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.5853047107135130893e-211", 0x1413B446E6A16A3Bu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-5.853047107135130894e-212", 0x9413B446E6A16A3Cu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"5.853047107135130893e-212", 0x1413B446E6A16A3Bu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"58530471071351308931e-231", 0x1413B446E6A16A3Cu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-585304710713513089304e-232", 0x9413B446E6A16A3Bu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.585304710713513089305e-211", 0x1413B446E6A16A3Cu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.585304710713513089304248824438e-211", 0x9413B446E6A16A3Bu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"5.85304710713513089304248824439e-212", 0x1413B446E6A16A3Cu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.19334214893983531e-78", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F6u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1.9334214893983532e-79", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F7u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1.933421489398353102e-79", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F6u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1933421489398353103e-97", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F7u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"19334214893983531023e-98", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F6u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.19334214893983531024e-78", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F7u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"0.193342148939835310231e-78", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F6u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1.93342148939835310232e-79", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F7u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-1.93342148939835310231359014704e-79", 0xAF96ECBF1CFB10F6u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"193342148939835310231359014705e-108", 0x2F96ECBF1CFB10F7u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"2.9873358928024455e227", 0x6F2938807814E8A2u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"29873358928024456e211", 0x6F2938807814E8A3u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"298733589280244551e210", 0x6F2938807814E8A2u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.2987335892802445511E+228", 0x6F2938807814E8A3u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.29873358928024455109E+228", 0x6F2938807814E8A2u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"2.987335892802445511e227", 0x6F2938807814E8A3u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-2.98733589280244551098e227", 0xEF2938807814E8A2u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"-298733589280244551099e207", 0xEF2938807814E8A3u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"298733589280244551098081559931e198", 0x6F2938807814E8A2u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"0.298733589280244551098081559932E+228", 0x6F2938807814E8A3u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"7.0064923216240853e-46", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"70064923216240854e-62", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000001u},
+            {"7006492321624085354e-64", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.7006492321624085355e-45", 0xB690000000000000u, 0x80000001u},
+            {"0.70064923216240853546e-45", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"7.0064923216240853547e-46", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000001u},
+            {"7.00649232162408535461e-46", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-700649232162408535462e-66", 0xB690000000000000u, 0x80000001u},
+            {"-700649232162408535461864791644e-75", 0xB690000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.700649232162408535461864791645e-45", 0x3690000000000000u, 0x00000001u},
+            {"21019476964872256e-61", 0x36A8000000000000u, 0x00000001u},
+            {"0.21019476964872257e-44", 0x36A8000000000000u, 0x00000002u},
+            {"-0.2101947696487225606e-44", 0xB6A8000000000000u, 0x80000001u},
+            {"-2.101947696487225607e-45", 0xB6A8000000000000u, 0x80000002u},
+            {"2.1019476964872256063e-45", 0x36A8000000000000u, 0x00000001u},
+            {"21019476964872256064e-64", 0x36A8000000000000u, 0x00000002u},
+            {"-210194769648722560638e-65", 0xB6A8000000000000u, 0x80000001u},
+            {"-0.210194769648722560639e-44", 0xB6A8000000000000u, 0x80000002u},
+            {"-0.210194769648722560638559437493e-44", 0xB6A8000000000000u, 0x80000001u},
+            {"2.10194769648722560638559437494e-45", 0x36A8000000000000u, 0x00000002u},
+            {"0.11754941406275178e-37", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFEu},
+            {"1.1754941406275179e-38", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"-1.175494140627517859e-38", 0xB80FFFFFA0000000u, 0x807FFFFEu},
+            {"117549414062751786e-55", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"-11754941406275178592e-57", 0xB80FFFFFA0000000u, 0x807FFFFEu},
+            {"0.11754941406275178593e-37", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"0.117549414062751785924e-37", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFEu},
+            {"1.17549414062751785925e-38", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"-1.17549414062751785924617589866e-38", 0xB80FFFFFA0000000u, 0x807FFFFEu},
+            {"117549414062751785924617589867e-67", 0x380FFFFFA0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"1.1754942807573642e-38", 0x380FFFFFDFFFFFFFu, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"11754942807573643e-54", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"1175494280757364291e-56", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"0.1175494280757364292e-37", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"0.11754942807573642917e-37", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"-1.1754942807573642918e-38", 0xB80FFFFFE0000000u, 0x80800000u},
+            {"-1.17549428075736429172e-38", 0xB80FFFFFE0000000u, 0x807FFFFFu},
+            {"-117549428075736429173e-58", 0xB80FFFFFE0000000u, 0x80800000u},
+            {"117549428075736429172788299103e-67", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x007FFFFFu},
+            {"0.117549428075736429172788299104e-37", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"11754944208872107e-54", 0x3810000010000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"-0.11754944208872108e-37", 0xB810000010000000u, 0x80800001u},
+            {"0.1175494420887210724e-37", 0x3810000010000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"1.175494420887210725e-38", 0x3810000010000000u, 0x00800001u},
+            {"1.1754944208872107242e-38", 0x3810000010000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"-11754944208872107243e-57", 0xB810000010000000u, 0x80800001u},
+            {"-11754944208872107242e-57", 0xB810000010000000u, 0x80800000u},
+            {"0.117549442088721072421e-37", 0x3810000010000000u, 0x00800001u},
+            {"0.11754944208872107242095900834e-37", 0x3810000010000000u, 0x00800000u},
+            {"-1.17549442088721072420959008341e-38", 0xB810000010000000u, 0x80800001u},
+            {"340282336497324057985868971510891282432", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"-3.40282336497324057985868971510891282433e38", 0xC7EFFFFFD0000000u, 0xFF7FFFFFu},
+            {"340282336497324057985868971510891282431e0", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"340282336497324057985868971510891282432.01", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"3.40282336497324057985868971510891282432000000000000000000001e38", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"340282336497324057985868971510891282432000000000000000000000000000000e-30", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"340282336497324050000000000000000000000", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"3.4028233649732406e38", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"3.402823364973240579e38", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"340282336497324058e21", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"34028233649732405798e19", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"340282336497324057990000000000000000000", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"340282336497324057985000000000000000000", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"3.40282336497324057986e38", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"3.4028233649732405798586897151e38", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFEu},
+            {"340282336497324057985868971511e9", 0x47EFFFFFD0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"3.40282356779733661637539395458142568448e38", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-340282356779733661637539395458142568449e0", 0xC7EFFFFFF0000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"340282356779733661637539395458142568447", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"3.4028235677973366163753939545814256844801e38", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"340282356779733661637539395458142568448000000000000000000001e-21", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"340282356779733661637539395458142568448.000000000000000000000000000000", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"3.4028235677973366e38", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"-34028235677973367e22", 0xC7EFFFFFF0000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"3402823567797336616e20", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"340282356779733661700000000000000000000", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"340282356779733661630000000000000000000", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"3.4028235677973366164e38", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"3.40282356779733661637e38", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F7FFFFFu},
+            {"340282356779733661638e18", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-340282356779733661637539395458e9", 0xC7EFFFFFF0000000u, 0xFF7FFFFFu},
+            {"340282356779733661637539395459000000000", 0x47EFFFFFF0000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1000000059604644775390625e-24", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"-1.000000059604644775390626", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800001u},
+            {"-1.000000059604644775390624e0", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"100000005960464477539062501e-26", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800001u},
+            {"1.000000059604644775390625000000000000000000001", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800001u},
+            {"1.000000059604644775390625000000000000000000000000000000e0", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-10000000596046447e-16", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"1.0000000596046448", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800001u},
+            {"1.000000059604644775", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-1.000000059604644776e0", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800001u},
+            {"-1.0000000596046447753e0", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"10000000596046447754e-19", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800001u},
+            {"100000005960464477539e-20", 0x3FF0000010000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-1.0000000596046447754", 0xBFF0000010000000u, 0xBF800001u},
+            {"0.9999999701976776123046875", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"9.999999701976776123046876e-1", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"9999999701976776123046874e-25", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F7FFFFFu},
+            {"0.999999970197677612304687501", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-9.999999701976776123046875000000000000000000001e-1", 0xBFEFFFFFF0000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"-9999999701976776123046875000000000000000000000000000000e-55", 0xBFEFFFFFF0000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"0.99999997019767761", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F7FFFFFu},
+            {"-9.9999997019767762e-1", 0xBFEFFFFFF0000000u, 0xBF800000u},
+            {"-9.999999701976776123e-1", 0xBFEFFFFFF0000000u, 0xBF7FFFFFu},
+            {"9999999701976776124e-19", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"9999999701976776123e-19", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F7FFFFFu},
+            {"0.99999997019767761231", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-0.999999970197677612304", 0xBFEFFFFFF0000000u, 0xBF7FFFFFu},
+            {"9.99999970197677612305e-1", 0x3FEFFFFFF0000000u, 0x3F800000u},
+            {"-1.6777217e7", 0xC170000010000000u, 0xCB800000u},
+            {"16777218e0", 0x4170000020000000u, 0x4B800001u},
+            {"16777216", 0x4170000000000000u, 0x4B800000u},
+            {"-1.677721701e7", 0xC17000001028F5C3u, 0xCB800001u},
+            {"-16777217000000000000000000001e-21", 0xC170000010000000u, 0xCB800001u},
+            {"16777217.000000000000000000000000000000", 0x4170000010000000u, 0x4B800000u},
+            {"167772155e-1", 0x416FFFFFF0000000u, 0x4B800000u},
+            {"16777215.6", 0x416FFFFFF3333333u, 0x4B800000u},
+            {"1.67772154e7", 0x416FFFFFECCCCCCDu, 0x4B7FFFFFu},
+            {"16777215501e-3", 0x416FFFFFF0083127u, 0x4B800000u},
+            {"-16777215.5000000000000000000001", 0xC16FFFFFF0000000u, 0xCB800000u},
+            {"-1.67772155000000000000000000000000000000e7", 0xC16FFFFFF0000000u, 0xCB800000u},
+            {"0.1000000052154064178466796875", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCEu},
+            {"1.000000052154064178466796876e-1", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCEu},
+            {"-1000000052154064178466796874e-28", 0xBFB99999B0000000u, 0xBDCCCCCDu},
+            {"0.100000005215406417846679687501", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCEu},
+            {"1.000000052154064178466796875000000000000000000001e-1", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCEu},
+            {"-1000000052154064178466796875000000000000000000000000000000e-58", 0xBFB99999B0000000u, 0xBDCCCCCEu},
+            {"-0.10000000521540641", 0xBFB99999AFFFFFFFu, 0xBDCCCCCDu},
+            {"-1.0000000521540642e-1", 0xBFB99999B0000000u, 0xBDCCCCCEu},
+            {"1.000000052154064178e-1", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"-1000000052154064179e-19", 0xBFB99999B0000000u, 0xBDCCCCCEu},
+            {"10000000521540641784e-20", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"0.10000000521540641785", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCEu},
+            {"0.100000005215406417846", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCDu},
+            {"1.00000005215406417847e-1", 0x3FB99999B0000000u, 0x3DCCCCCEu},
+            {"5.429001220703125e3", 0x40B5350050000000u, 0x45A9A802u},
+            {"-5429001220703126e-12", 0xC0B5350050000001u, 0xC5A9A803u},
+            {"-5429.001220703124", 0xC0B535004FFFFFFFu, 0xC5A9A802u},
+            {"5.42900122070312501e3", 0x40B5350050000000u, 0x45A9A803u},
+            {"5429001220703125000000000000000000001e-33", 0x40B5350050000000u, 0x45A9A803u},
+            {"-5429.001220703125000000000000000000000000000000", 0xC0B5350050000000u, 0xC5A9A802u},
+            {"503719056e0", 0x41BE062490000000u, 0x4DF03124u},
+            {"503719057", 0x41BE062491000000u, 0x4DF03125u},
+            {"5.03719055e8", 0x41BE06248F000000u, 0x4DF03124u},
+            {"50371905601e-2", 0x41BE062490028F5Cu, 0x4DF03125u},
+            {"503719056.000000000000000000001", 0x41BE062490000000u, 0x4DF03125u},
+            {"5.03719056000000000000000000000000000000e8", 0x41BE062490000000u, 0x4DF03124u},
+            {"-92331620", 0xC196037990000000u, 0xCCB01BCCu},
+            {"9.233163e7", 0x41960379B8000000u, 0x4CB01BCEu},
+            {"9233161e1", 0x4196037968000000u, 0x4CB01BCBu},
+            {"92331620.1", 0x4196037990666666u, 0x4CB01BCDu},
+            {"9.233162000000000000000000001e7", 0x4196037990000000u, 0x4CB01BCDu},
+            {"9233162000000000000000000000000000000e-29", 0x4196037990000000u, 0x4CB01BCCu},
+            {"3.002458625e6", 0x4146E82D50000000u, 0x4A37416Au},
+            {"3002458626e-3", 0x4146E82D5020C49Cu, 0x4A37416Bu},
+            {"3002458.624", 0x4146E82D4FDF3B64u, 0x4A37416Au},
+            {"-3.00245862501e6", 0xC146E82D500053E3u, 0xCA37416Bu},
+            {"3002458625000000000000000000001e-24", 0x4146E82D50000000u, 0x4A37416Bu},
+            {"3002458.625000000000000000000000000000000", 0x4146E82D50000000u, 0x4A37416Au},
+            {"-1095485584696182596504479582065262592e1", 0xC7A07BA830000000u, 0xFD03DD42u},
+            {"10954855846961825965044795820652625930", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD42u},
+            {"1.095485584696182596504479582065262591e37", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD41u},
+            {"109548558469618259650447958206526259201e-1", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD42u},
+            {"-10954855846961825965044795820652625920.00000000000000000001", 0xC7A07BA830000000u, 0xFD03DD42u},
+            {"1.095485584696182596504479582065262592000000000000000000000000000000e37", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD42u},
+            {"10954855846961825e21", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD41u},
+            {"10954855846961826000000000000000000000", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD42u},
+            {"10954855846961825960000000000000000000", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD41u},
+            {"1.095485584696182597e37", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD42u},
+            {"1.0954855846961825965e37", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD41u},
+            {"-10954855846961825966e18", 0xC7A07BA830000000u, 0xFD03DD42u},
+            {"10954855846961825965e18", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD41u},
+            {"10954855846961825965100000000000000000", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD42u},
+            {"10954855846961825965044795820600000000", 0x47A07BA830000000u, 0x7D03DD41u},
+            {"-1.09548558469618259650447958207e37", 0xC7A07BA830000000u, 0xFD03DD42u},
+            {"1.6449216019182103706535606608388384863861375606575165875256061553955078126e-21", 0x3B9F125A50000000u, 0x1CF892D3u},
+            {"-16449216019182103706535606608388384863861375606575165875256061553955078124e-94", 0xBB9F125A50000000u, 0x9CF892D2u},
+            {"-0.0000000000000000000016449216019182103", 0xBB9F125A50000000u, 0x9CF892D2u},
+            {"-1.6449216019182104e-21", 0xBB9F125A50000000u, 0x9CF892D3u},
+            {"-1.64492160191821037e-21", 0xBB9F125A50000000u, 0x9CF892D2u},
+            {"-1644921601918210371e-39", 0xBB9F125A50000000u, 0x9CF892D3u},
+            {"-16449216019182103706e-40", 0xBB9F125A50000000u, 0x9CF892D2u},
+            {"0.0000000000000000000016449216019182103707", 0x3B9F125A50000000u, 0x1CF892D3u},
+            {"0.00000000000000000000164492160191821037065", 0x3B9F125A50000000u, 0x1CF892D2u},
+            {"1.64492160191821037066e-21", 0x3B9F125A50000000u, 0x1CF892D3u},
+            {"1.64492160191821037065356066083e-21", 0x3B9F125A50000000u, 0x1CF892D2u},
+            {"164492160191821037065356066084e-50", 0x3B9F125A50000000u, 0x1CF892D3u},
+            {"6.565061509609222412109375e-1", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"6565061509609222412109376e-25", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"0.6565061509609222412109374", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810C9u},
+            {"6.56506150960922241210937501e-1", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"6565061509609222412109375000000000000000000001e-46", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"-0.6565061509609222412109375000000000000000000000000000000", 0xBFE5021930000000u, 0xBF2810CAu},
+            {"6.5650615096092224e-1", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810C9u},
+            {"-65650615096092225e-17", 0xBFE5021930000000u, 0xBF2810CAu},
+            {"6565061509609222412e-19", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810C9u},
+            {"0.6565061509609222413", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"0.65650615096092224121", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810C9u},
+            {"6.5650615096092224122e-1", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"-6.5650615096092224121e-1", 0xBFE5021930000000u, 0xBF2810C9u},
+            {"656506150960922241211e-21", 0x3FE5021930000000u, 0x3F2810CAu},
+            {"18014627239033005156980393746124491372029297053813934326171875e-77", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CCu},
+            {"0.00000000000000018014627239033005156980393746124491372029297053813934326171876", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CCu},
+            {"-1.8014627239033005156980393746124491372029297053813934326171874e-16", 0xBCA9F63970000000u, 0xA54FB1CBu},
+            {"1801462723903300515698039374612449137202929705381393432617187501e-79", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CCu},
+            {"18014627239033005e-32", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CBu},
+            {"0.00000000000000018014627239033006", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CCu},
+            {"0.0000000000000001801462723903300515", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CBu},
+            {"-1.801462723903300516e-16", 0xBCA9F63970000000u, 0xA54FB1CCu},
+            {"-1.8014627239033005156e-16", 0xBCA9F63970000000u, 0xA54FB1CBu},
+            {"18014627239033005157e-35", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CCu},
+            {"180146272390330051569e-36", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CBu},
+            {"-0.00000000000000018014627239033005157", 0xBCA9F63970000000u, 0xA54FB1CCu},
+            {"0.000000000000000180146272390330051569803937461", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CBu},
+            {"1.80146272390330051569803937462e-16", 0x3CA9F63970000000u, 0x254FB1CCu},
+            {"0.05534819327294826507568359375", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4CAu},
+            {"-5.534819327294826507568359376e-2", 0xBFAC569930000000u, 0xBD62B4CAu},
+            {"5534819327294826507568359374e-29", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4C9u},
+            {"-0.0553481932729482650756835937501", 0xBFAC569930000000u, 0xBD62B4CAu},
+            {"5.534819327294826507568359375000000000000000000001e-2", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4CAu},
+            {"5534819327294826507568359375000000000000000000000000000000e-59", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4CAu},
+            {"0.055348193272948265", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4C9u},
+            {"5.5348193272948266e-2", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4CAu},
+            {"5.534819327294826507e-2", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4C9u},
+            {"5534819327294826508e-20", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4CAu},
+            {"55348193272948265075e-21", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4C9u},
+            {"-0.055348193272948265076", 0xBFAC569930000000u, 0xBD62B4CAu},
+            {"0.0553481932729482650756", 0x3FAC569930000000u, 0x3D62B4C9u},
+            {"-5.53481932729482650757e-2", 0xBFAC569930000000u, 0xBD62B4CAu},
+            {"5.179692133247783258005389047985340416e36", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A2u},
+            {"5179692133247783258005389047985340417e0", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A3u},
+            {"5179692133247783258005389047985340415", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A2u},
+            {"-5.17969213324778325800538904798534041601e36", 0xC78F2C9450000000u, 0xFC7964A3u},
+            {"-5179692133247783258005389047985340416000000000000000000001e-21", 0xC78F2C9450000000u, 0xFC7964A3u},
+            {"-5179692133247783258005389047985340416.000000000000000000000000000000", 0xC78F2C9450000000u, 0xFC7964A2u},
+            {"5.1796921332477832e36", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A2u},
+            {"51796921332477833e20", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A3u},
+            {"-5179692133247783258e18", 0xC78F2C9450000000u, 0xFC7964A2u},
+            {"5179692133247783259000000000000000000", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A3u},
+            {"5179692133247783258000000000000000000", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A2u},
+            {"5.1796921332477832581e36", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A3u},
+            {"-5.179692133247783258e36", 0xC78F2C9450000000u, 0xFC7964A2u},
+            {"-517969213324778325801e16", 0xC78F2C9450000000u, 0xFC7964A3u},
+            {"517969213324778325800538904798e7", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A2u},
+            {"5179692133247783258005389047990000000", 0x478F2C9450000000u, 0x7C7964A3u},
+            {
+                "0.22250738585072011360574097967091319759348195463516456480234261097248222220210769455165295239081350"
+                "8791414915891303962110687008643869459464552765720740782062174337998814106326732925355228688137214901"
+                "2981122451451889849057222307285255133155755015914397476397983411801999323962548289017107081850690630"
+                "6666559949382757725720157630626906633326475653000092458883164330377797918696120494973903778297049050"
+                "5108060994073026293712895895000358379996720725430436028407889577179615094551674824347103070260914462"
+                "1572289880258182545180325707018860872113128079512233426288368622321503775666622503982534335974568884"
+                "4239002654981983854879482922068947216898310996983658468140228542433306603398508864458040010349339704"
+                "2756718644338377048603786162277173854562306587467901408672332763671875e-307", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u
+            },
+            {
+                "2.22507385850720113605740979670913197593481954635164564802342610972482222202107694551652952390813508"
+                "7914149158913039621106870086438694594645527657207407820621743379988141063267329253552286881372149012"
+                "9811224514518898490572223072852551331557550159143974763979834118019993239625482890171070818506906306"
+                "6665599493827577257201576306269066333264756530000924588831643303777979186961204949739037782970490505"
+                "1080609940730262937128958950003583799967207254304360284078895771796150945516748243471030702609144621"
+                "5722898802581825451803257070188608721131280795122334262883686223215037756666225039825343359745688844"
+                "2390026549819838548794829220689472168983109969836584681402285424333066033985088644580400103493397042"
+                "756718644338377048603786162277173854562306587467901408672332763671875000000000000000000001e-308", 0x0010000000000000u, 0x00000000u
+            },
+            {
+                "0.11754942807573642917278829910357665133228589927589904276829631184250030649651730385585324256680905"
+                "8189392089843750000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e-37", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x00800000u
+            },
+            {
+                "1175494280757364291727882991035766513322858992758990427682963118425003064965173038558532425668090581"
+                "8939208984375000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+                "00000000000001e-751", 0x380FFFFFE0000000u, 0x00800000u
+            },
+            {"0", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0.0", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.0", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"0e999999999999999999999", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-0.000e-99999", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"1e-400", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-1e-400", 0x8000000000000000u, 0x80000000u},
+            {"1e400", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1e400", 0xFFF0000000000000u, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1e-50", 0x358DEE7A4AD4B81Fu, 0x00000000u},
+            {"-1e-50", 0xB58DEE7A4AD4B81Fu, 0x80000000u},
+            {"1e39", 0x48078287F49C4A1Du, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"-1e39", 0xC8078287F49C4A1Du, 0xFF800000u},
+            {"1e99999999999999999999999999", 0x7FF0000000000000u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"1e-99999999999999999999999999", 0x0000000000000000u, 0x00000000u},
+            {"1e0000000000000000000000000000000000000000308", 0x7FE1CCF385EBC8A0u, 0x7F800000u},
+            {"123456789012345678901234567890e-30", 0x3FBF9ADD3746F65Fu, 0x3DFCD6EAu},
+            {"18446744073709551615", 0x43F0000000000000u, 0x5F800000u},
+            {"18446744073709551616", 0x43F0000000000000u, 0x5F800000u},
+            {"-9223372036854775808", 0xC3E0000000000000u, 0xDF000000u},
+            {"-9223372036854775809", 0xC3E0000000000000u, 0xDF000000u},
+        }
+    };
+    return table;
+}
+
+} // namespace float_hard_cases
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("value_in_range_of trait", T, value_in_range_of_test)

    INFO("type := ", type_str);

-    CAPTURE(val_min)
-    CAPTURE(min_in_range)
-    CAPTURE(val_max)
-    CAPTURE(max_in_range)
+    CAPTURE(val_min);
+    CAPTURE(min_in_range);
+    CAPTURE(val_max);
+    CAPTURE(max_in_range);

    if (min_in_range)
    {
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ TEST_CASE("controlled bad_alloc")
            // iterative path instead, part-way through its worklist.
            const auto check_deep_copy = [](bool objects)
            {
-                CAPTURE(objects)
+                CAPTURE(objects);

                next_construct_fails = false;

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ struct nth_alloc_fails_allocator : std::allocator<T>
 template<class BasicJsonType>
 void check_deep_copy_survives_failing_allocation(bool nest_objects)
 {
-    CAPTURE(nest_objects)
+    CAPTURE(nest_objects);

    fail_at_alloc_call = -1;

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ void check_deep_copy_survives_failing_allocation(bool nest_objects)
    // must come out exactly as it went in
    for (std::size_t n = 0; n < total_allocations; ++n)
    {
-        CAPTURE(n)
+        CAPTURE(n);
        alloc_call_count = 0;
        fail_at_alloc_call = static_cast<long>(n);

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
 static int assert_counter;

 /// set failure variable to true instead of calling assert(x)
-#define JSON_ASSERT(x) do { if (!(x)) { ++assert_counter; } } while (false)
+#define JSON_ASSERT(x) {if (!(x)) ++assert_counter; }

 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 using nlohmann::json;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ TEST_CASE("binary writer output sinks")
        // the first iteration
        for (const auto& j : test_values())
        {
-            CAPTURE(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace))
+            CAPTURE(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace));

            std::vector<std::uint8_t> cbor;
            json::to_cbor(j, cbor);
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ TEST_CASE("binary writer output sinks")
                    {
                        continue; // not a supported combination
                    }
-                    CAPTURE(use_size)
-                    CAPTURE(use_type)
+                    CAPTURE(use_size);
+                    CAPTURE(use_type);
                    std::vector<std::uint8_t> ubjson;
                    json::to_ubjson(j, ubjson, use_size, use_type);
                    CHECK(json::to_ubjson(j, use_size, use_type) == ubjson);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ TEST_CASE("binary writer output sinks")

        for (const auto& j : bson_values())
        {
-            CAPTURE(j.dump())
+            CAPTURE(j.dump());
            std::vector<std::uint8_t> bson;
            json::to_bson(j, bson);
            CHECK(json::to_bson(j) == bson);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ TEST_CASE("binary writer output sinks")
    {
        for (const auto& j : test_values())
        {
-            CAPTURE(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace))
+            CAPTURE(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace));

            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> expected = json::to_cbor(j);
            std::vector<char> as_char;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ TEST_CASE("binary_reserve_hint never over-reserves")
 {
    for (const auto& j : test_values())
    {
-        CAPTURE(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace))
+        CAPTURE(j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace));

        const std::size_t hint = nlohmann::detail::binary_reserve_hint(j);

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ TEST_CASE("binary_reserve_hint never over-reserves")

    for (const auto& j : bson_values())
    {
-        CAPTURE(j.dump())
+        CAPTURE(j.dump());
        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::binary_reserve_hint(j) <= json::to_bson(j).size());
    }

@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("value_in_range_of trait", T, value_in_range_of_test)

    INFO("type := ", type_str);

-    CAPTURE(val_min)
-    CAPTURE(min_in_range)
-    CAPTURE(val_max)
-    CAPTURE(max_in_range)
+    CAPTURE(val_min);
+    CAPTURE(min_in_range);
+    CAPTURE(val_max);
+    CAPTURE(max_in_range);

    if (min_in_range)
    {
@@ -2641,7 +2641,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BJData")
                        {"uint8", "int8", "uint16", "int16", "uint32", "int32", "uint64", "int64", "char"
                        })
                {
-                    CAPTURE(type)
+                    CAPTURE(type);
                    const std::string text = std::string(R"({"_ArrayType_":")") + type +
                                             R"(","_ArraySize_":[2,3],"_ArrayData_":[1,2,3,4,5,6]})";
                    const auto from_text = json::to_bjdata(json::parse(text));
@@ -2949,7 +2949,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BJData")
                            R"({"_ArrayType_":"int16","_ArraySize_":[0,2],"_ArrayData_":[]})"
                        })
                {
-                    CAPTURE(text)
+                    CAPTURE(text);
                    const json j = json::parse(text);
                    for (const bool use_size :
                            {
@@ -2983,7 +2983,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BJData")
                            R"({"_ArrayType_":"int16","_ArraySize_":[],"_ArrayData_":null})"
                        })
                {
-                    CAPTURE(text)
+                    CAPTURE(text);
                    const json j = json::parse(text);
                    const auto out = json::to_bjdata(j);
                    CHECK(out.at(0) == '{');
@@ -4317,7 +4317,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BJData and UBJSON can be written to a string")

    for (const auto& j : values)
    {
-        CAPTURE(j.dump())
+        CAPTURE(j.dump());
        for (const bool use_size :
                {
                    false, true
@@ -4332,8 +4332,8 @@ TEST_CASE("BJData and UBJSON can be written to a string")
                {
                    continue;
                }
-                CAPTURE(use_size)
-                CAPTURE(use_type)
+                CAPTURE(use_size);
+                CAPTURE(use_type);

                const auto bjdata = json::to_bjdata(j, use_size, use_type);
                std::string bjdata_string;
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BSON: deeply nested values")
        json value = "leaf";
        for (std::size_t depth = 0; depth <= 300; ++depth)
        {
-            CAPTURE(depth)
+            CAPTURE(depth);
            const json document = {{"value", value}, {"n", depth}};
            CHECK(json::from_bson(json::to_bson(document)) == document);

@@ -1836,7 +1836,7 @@ value = depth % 2 == 0 ? json{{"a", std::move(value)}, {"b", {1, "x"}}} :
                    false, true
                })
        {
-            CAPTURE(objects)
+            CAPTURE(objects);
            std::string text = "{\"a\":";
            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
            {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
-            json j = true;
+            json j = true; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = true;

            SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("string")
        {
-            json j = "hello world";
+            json j = "hello world"; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = "hello world";

            SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
-                json j = json::array();
+                json j = json::array(); // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = json::array();

                SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
-                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json j = {1, 2, 3}; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = {1, 2, 3};

                SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
-                json j = json::object();
+                json j = json::object(); // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = json::object();

                SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
-                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};

                SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
-            json j = -23;
+            json j = -23; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = -23;

            SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
        {
-            json j = 23u;
+            json j = 23u; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = 23u;

            SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
-            json j = 23.42;
+            json j = 23.42; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = 23.42;

            SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("null")
        {
-            json j = nullptr;
+            json j = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = nullptr;

            SECTION("result of empty")
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
-            json j = true;
+            json j = true; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = true;

            SECTION("result of size")
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("string")
        {
-            json j = "hello world";
+            json j = "hello world"; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = "hello world";

            SECTION("result of size")
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
-                json j = json::array();
+                json j = json::array(); // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = json::array();

                SECTION("result of size")
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
-                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json j = {1, 2, 3}; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = {1, 2, 3};

                SECTION("result of size")
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
-                json j = json::object();
+                json j = json::object(); // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = json::object();

                SECTION("result of size")
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
-                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};

                SECTION("result of size")
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
-            json j = -23;
+            json j = -23; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = -23;

            SECTION("result of size")
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
        {
-            json j = 23u;
+            json j = 23u; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = 23u;

            SECTION("result of size")
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
-            json j = 23.42;
+            json j = 23.42; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = 23.42;

            SECTION("result of size")
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("null")
        {
-            json j = nullptr;
+            json j = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = nullptr;

            SECTION("result of size")
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
    {
        SECTION("boolean")
        {
-            json j = true;
+            json j = true; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = true;

            SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("string")
        {
-            json j = "hello world";
+            json j = "hello world"; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = "hello world";

            SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
        {
            SECTION("empty array")
            {
-                json j = json::array();
+                json j = json::array(); // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = json::array();

                SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

            SECTION("filled array")
            {
-                json j = {1, 2, 3};
+                json j = {1, 2, 3}; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = {1, 2, 3};

                SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")
        {
            SECTION("empty object")
            {
-                json j = json::object();
+                json j = json::object(); // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = json::object();

                SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

            SECTION("filled object")
            {
-                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
+                json j = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
                const json j_const = {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};

                SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (integer)")
        {
-            json j = -23;
+            json j = -23; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = -23;

            SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (unsigned)")
        {
-            json j = 23u;
+            json j = 23u; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = 23u;

            SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("number (float)")
        {
-            json j = 23.42;
+            json j = 23.42; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = 23.42;

            SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ TEST_CASE("capacity")

        SECTION("null")
        {
-            json j = nullptr;
+            json j = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
            const json j_const = nullptr;

            SECTION("result of max_size")
@@ -2931,7 +2931,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Tagged values")
        0xD5, 0xD6, 0xD7
    })
        {
-            CAPTURE(b)
+            CAPTURE(b);

            // add tag to value
            auto v_tagged = v;
@@ -3271,7 +3271,7 @@ TEST_CASE("CBOR large strings and binaries (chunked reader)")
                std::size_t{4097}, std::size_t{8192}, std::size_t{100000}
            })
    {
-        CAPTURE(len)
+        CAPTURE(len);

        // text string
        const json j_string = std::string(len, 'x');
@@ -13,15 +13,18 @@
 using nlohmann::json;

 #include <array> // array
-#include <cfloat> // FLT_EVAL_METHOD
 #include <cstdint> // uint32_t, uint64_t
+#include <cstdio> // snprintf
 #include <cstdlib> // strtod
 #include <cstring> // memcpy
+#include <map> // map
 #include <sstream> // stringstream
 #include <string> // string
 #include <utility> // pair
 #include <vector> // vector

+#include "float_hard_cases.hpp"
+
 namespace
 {
 // shortcut to scan a string literal
@@ -257,7 +260,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer number fast path")
            "123456789012345678901234567890",  // huge -> float
            "0.30000000000000004", "2.2250738585072014e-308", "1e308",
            // high-precision / wide-exponent values that exercise the
-            // std::from_chars (Eisel-Lemire) path beyond the Clinger subset
+            // Eisel-Lemire path beyond the Clinger subset
            "1.7976931348623157e308", "1.2345678901234567e-250",
            "9007199254740993", "5e-324", "1e-320"
        };
@@ -272,27 +275,25 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer number fast path")
            std::stringstream ss(doc);
            const json b = json::parse(ss);

-            CAPTURE(n)
+            CAPTURE(n);
            CHECK(a == b);
            CHECK(a.dump() == b.dump());
            CHECK(a[0].type() == b[0].type());
        }
    }

-    SECTION("significant-digit gate for the Clinger fast path")
+    SECTION("significant digits around Clinger's fast path")
    {
-        // Clinger's fast path needs a significand below 2^53, so it cannot
-        // succeed once the mantissa has 17 or more significant digits (the
-        // significand would be at least 10^16). The lexer skips the attempt
-        // there. That is only allowed to save work: every value must still come
-        // out bit-exactly, and both scanners must agree. In particular the gate
-        // must not fire for tokens whose leading zeros merely look like extra
-        // digits - "0.1234567890123456" has 16 significant digits, not 17.
+        // Clinger's fast path needs a significand of at most 2^53, which
+        // tokens with 17 or more significant digits exceed. The conversion
+        // splits the token at the positions the scanners recorded, so leading
+        // zeros must not count as digits - "0.1234567890123456" has 16
+        // significant digits, not 17 - and both scanners must agree.
        const std::vector<std::string> numbers =
        {
            "1234567890123456",                  // 16 significant digits
-            "12345678901234567",                 // 17 -> attempt skipped
-            "123456789012345678",                // 18 -> attempt skipped
+            "12345678901234567",                 // 17
+            "123456789012345678",                // 18
            "0.1234567890123456",                // 16: the leading "0" is not significant
            "0.12345678901234567",               // 17
            "0.00000000000000001",               // 1, in a long token
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer number fast path")

        for (const auto& n : numbers)
        {
-            CAPTURE(n)
+            CAPTURE(n);
            const std::string doc = "[" + n + "]";

            const json a = json::parse(doc);   // contiguous fast path
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer number fast path")
                {"-", "1.", "1e", "1e+", "1.2e", "01", "-01", "1..2", "1.2.3"
                })
        {
-            CAPTURE(bad)
+            CAPTURE(bad);
            // the contiguous fast path must decline and let the byte path report
            const std::string doc = std::string("[") + bad + "]";
            CHECK_FALSE(json::accept(doc));
@@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer number fast path")

        // 7 + 49 + 343 + 2401 tokens
        CHECK(tokens.size() == 2401);
-        CAPTURE(mismatches)
+        CAPTURE(mismatches);
        CHECK(mismatches.empty());
    }

@@ -459,7 +460,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer number fast path")
                 "[1 \n2]", "[\n1\n2]", "1\n2", "[01\r\n]", "[1e\n]", "[-\n]"
                })
        {
-            CAPTURE(bad)
+            CAPTURE(bad);
            const std::string doc = bad;
            const std::string contiguous_what = contiguous_error(doc);

@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer string fast path")

        // 13 + 169 + 2197 tokens, each at two offsets
        CHECK(tokens.size() == 2197);
-        CAPTURE(mismatches)
+        CAPTURE(mismatches);
        CHECK(mismatches.empty());
    }

@@ -604,7 +605,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer string fast path")
                }
            }
        }
-        CAPTURE(mismatches)
+        CAPTURE(mismatches);
        CHECK(mismatches.empty());
    }
 #endif
@@ -649,10 +650,10 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer string fast path")

        for (const auto& test_case : cases)
        {
-            CAPTURE(test_case.description)
+            CAPTURE(test_case.description);
            for (const std::size_t offset : offsets)
            {
-                CAPTURE(offset)
+                CAPTURE(offset);
                const std::string doc = "[\"" + std::string(offset, 'a') + test_case.sequence + "\"]";
                CHECK(json::accept(doc) == test_case.valid);
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
@@ -663,46 +664,145 @@ TEST_CASE("lexer string fast path")
    }
 }

-TEST_CASE("parse_float_fast declines what it cannot convert exactly")
+namespace
 {
-    // The lexer only hands well-formed numbers to parse_float_fast, so the
-    // malformed ones below can only be passed to it directly. Declining is
-    // always safe: the caller then falls back to a slower, exact conversion.
-    const auto fast = [](const std::string & s, double & out)
+// the index of the decimal point (or npos) and of the end of the mantissa of a
+// number token, which the lexer records while scanning it
+std::pair<std::size_t, std::size_t> float_token_layout(const std::string& s)
+{
+    std::size_t dot = std::string::npos;
+    std::size_t mantissa_end = s.size();
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
    {
-        return nlohmann::detail::parse_float_fast(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), out);
-    };
-    double out = 0;
+        if (s[i] == '.')
+        {
+            dot = i;
+        }
+        else if (s[i] == 'e' || s[i] == 'E')
+        {
+            mantissa_end = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return {dot, mantissa_end};
+}

-#if defined(FLT_EVAL_METHOD) && FLT_EVAL_METHOD != 0
-    // without true double precision, the fast path declines everything
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1.5", out));
-#else
-    CHECK(fast("1.5", out));
-    CHECK(out == 1.5);
-    CHECK(fast("+2.5e1", out));
-    CHECK(out == 25.0);
-    CHECK(fast("-25E-1", out));
-    CHECK(out == -2.5);
-    CHECK(fast("1e", out));
-    CHECK(out == 1.0);
-#endif
+template<typename FloatType>
+FloatType parse_native(const std::string& s)
+{
+    const auto layout = float_token_layout(s);
+    return nlohmann::detail::parse_float_native<FloatType>(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), layout.first, layout.second);
+}

-    // not a number
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("-", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast(".", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1.2.3", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1x", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1e+", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1e1x", out));
+std::uint64_t bits_of(double d)
+{
+    std::uint64_t b = 0;
+    std::memcpy(&b, &d, sizeof(b));
+    return b;
+}

-    // numbers that are not represented exactly on the fast path
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("12345678901234567890", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1e10000", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("9007199254740993", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1e23", out));
-    CHECK_FALSE(fast("1e-23", out));
+std::uint32_t bits_of(float f)
+{
+    std::uint32_t b = 0;
+    std::memcpy(&b, &f, sizeof(b));
+    return b;
+}
+
+std::uint64_t native_bits64(const std::string& s)
+{
+    return bits_of(parse_native<double>(s));
+}
+
+std::uint32_t native_bits32(const std::string& s)
+{
+    return bits_of(parse_native<float>(s));
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("parse_float_native rounds correctly")
+{
+    SECTION("double")
+    {
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1.5") == 0x3FF8000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("0.1") == 0x3FB999999999999Au);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("-0.0") == 0x8000000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("0e999999999999999999999") == 0u);
+        // 2^53 + 1 is exactly between two doubles: ties to even, unless more digits follow
+        CHECK(native_bits64("9007199254740993") == 0x4340000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("9007199254740993.0000000000000000001") == 0x4340000000000001u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("9007199254740992.9999999999999999999") == 0x4340000000000000u);
+        // 1 + 2^-53 exactly (a tie), and one unit in the 55th digit around it
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125") == 0x3FF0000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203126") == 0x3FF0000000000001u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203124") == 0x3FF0000000000000u);
+        // subnormal and overflow boundaries
+        CHECK(native_bits64("2.4703282292062327e-324") == 0u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("2.4703282292062328e-324") == 1u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("2.2250738585072011e-308") == 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFu);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("2.2250738585072012e-308") == 0x0010000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1.7976931348623157e308") == 0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1.7976931348623159e308") == 0x7FF0000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("-1e400") == 0xFFF0000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("-1e-400") == 0x8000000000000000u);
+        // exponents and zeros far beyond the range cancel out
+        CHECK(native_bits64("0." + std::string(1000, '0') + "1e1001") == 0x3FF0000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1" + std::string(1000, '0') + "e-1000") == 0x3FF0000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1e-99999999999999999999999") == 0u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64("1E+99999999999999999999999") == 0x7FF0000000000000u);
+        // more digits than any midpoint has (769): only whether a nonzero digit follows matters
+        const std::string tie = "1.00000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125";
+        CHECK(native_bits64(tie + std::string(800, '0')) == 0x3FF0000000000000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits64(tie + std::string(800, '0') + "1") == 0x3FF0000000000001u);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("float")
+    {
+        CHECK(native_bits32("1.5") == 0x3FC00000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("0.1") == 0x3DCCCCCDu);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("-0.0") == 0x80000000u);
+        // 2^24 + 1 is exactly between two floats
+        CHECK(native_bits32("16777217") == 0x4B800000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("16777217.000000000000000000001") == 0x4B800001u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("16777218.999999999999999999999") == 0x4B800001u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("16777219") == 0x4B800002u);
+        // subnormal and overflow boundaries
+        CHECK(native_bits32("3.4028235677973366e38") == 0x7F7FFFFFu);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("3.4028235677973367e38") == 0x7F800000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("7.006492321624085e-46") == 0u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("7.006492321624086e-46") == 1u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("1.1754942e-38") == 0x007FFFFFu);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("-1.17549435e-38") == 0x80800000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("1e39") == 0x7F800000u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("-1e-50") == 0x80000000u);
+        // not rounded through double: its double would round to another float
+        CHECK(native_bits32("1.00000005960464477539062500000000001") == 0x3F800001u);
+        CHECK(native_bits32("9007199254740993") == 0x5A000000u);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("the conversion shared with other parsers")
+    {
+        // convert_float() gives the lexer's results, for every type
+        const std::vector<std::string> tokens =
+        {
+            "0", "-0.0", "1.5", "0.1", "1e-400", "-2.5E+3", "123456789012345678901234567890",
+            "9007199254740993.0000000000000000001", "4.9406564584124654e-324"
+        };
+        using float_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, float>;
+        using long_double_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, long double>;
+        for (const auto& t : tokens)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(t);
+            const auto layout = float_token_layout(t);
+            const char* const first = t.data();
+            const char* const last = first + t.size();
+            const auto d = nlohmann::detail::convert_float<double>(first, last, layout.first, layout.second);
+            const auto f = nlohmann::detail::convert_float<float>(first, last, layout.first, layout.second);
+            const auto ld = nlohmann::detail::convert_float<long double>(first, last, layout.first, layout.second);
+            CHECK(bits_of(d) == bits_of(json::parse(t).get<double>()));
+            CHECK(bits_of(f) == bits_of(float_json::parse(t).get<float>()));
+            CHECK(ld == long_double_json::parse(t).get<long double>());
+        }
+    }
 }

 namespace
@@ -806,40 +906,6 @@ std::size_t big_bit_length(const big_uint& a)
    }
    return n;
 }
-
-std::uint64_t bits_of(double d)
-{
-    std::uint64_t b = 0;
-    std::memcpy(&b, &d, sizeof(b));
-    return b;
-}
-
-bool eisel_lemire(const std::string& s, double& out)
-{
-    return nlohmann::detail::parse_float_eisel_lemire(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), out);
-}
-
-// significant digits of a token, without trailing zeros
-std::size_t significant_digits(const std::string& s)
-{
-    std::string digits;
-    for (const char c : s)
-    {
-        if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && !(digits.empty() && c == '0'))
-        {
-            digits += c;
-        }
-    }
-    while (!digits.empty() && digits.back() == '0')
-    {
-        digits.pop_back();
-    }
-    return digits.size();
-}
 } // namespace

 TEST_CASE("Eisel-Lemire float conversion")
@@ -1236,27 +1302,34 @@ TEST_CASE("Eisel-Lemire float conversion")

        for (const auto& c : known)
        {
-            CAPTURE(c.first)
-            double out = 0;
-            if (eisel_lemire(c.first, out))
-            {
-                CHECK(bits_of(out) == c.second);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // only tokens with more than 19 significant digits are left to
-                // strtod: those whose value lies too close to a tie
-                CHECK(significant_digits(c.first) > 19);
-            }
+            CAPTURE(c.first);
+            CHECK(native_bits64(c.first) == c.second);
        }
    }

+    SECTION("binary32")
+    {
+        using binary32 = nlohmann::detail::ieee_binary_format<24>;
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(0, 1) == 0x3F800000u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-1, 1) == 0x3DCCCCCDu);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-1, 15) == 0x3FC00000u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(0, 16777217) == 0x4B800000u); // tie, to even
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(0, 16777219) == 0x4B800002u); // tie, to even
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-45, 1) == 0x00000001u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-46, 7) == 0x00000000u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-46, 8) == 0x00000001u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-65, 9999999999999999999u) == 0x00000000u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(20, 3402823466385288598u) == 0x7F7FFFFFu);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(20, 3402823669209384635u) == 0x7F800000u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(39, 1) == 0x7F800000u);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::eisel_lemire<binary32>(-5, 0) == 0x00000000u);
+    }
+
    SECTION("round trip")
    {
-        // every double written by to_chars and read back, also with trailing
-        // digits that make the token longer than 19 digits
+        // every double written by to_chars and read back, and its 17-digit
+        // form with trailing digits that make the token longer than 19 digits
        std::uint64_t state = 5295;
-        std::size_t declined = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 200000; ++i)
        {
            state ^= state << 13u;
@@ -1277,31 +1350,52 @@ TEST_CASE("Eisel-Lemire float conversion")
            std::array<char, 64> buffer{};
            const char* end = nlohmann::detail::to_chars(buffer.data(), buffer.data() + buffer.size(), d);
            const std::string token(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::size_t>(end - buffer.data()));
-            CAPTURE(token)
-            double out = 0;
-            REQUIRE(eisel_lemire(token, out));
-            CHECK(bits_of(out) == b);
+            CAPTURE(token);
+            CHECK(native_bits64(token) == b);

-            // insert digits before the exponent: the value moves by far less
-            // than the distance to the rounding boundary, so it must not change
-            std::string longer = token;
+            // insert digits before the exponent of the 17-digit form: that
+            // form lies strictly inside the rounding interval of the double
+            // (the shortest one may lie on its boundary), and the digits move
+            // it by far less than the distance to the boundary, so the value
+            // must not change
+            std::array<char, 64> digits17{};
+            static_cast<void>(std::snprintf(digits17.data(), digits17.size(), "%.17g", d)); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,hicpp-vararg)
+            std::string longer = digits17.data();
            const std::size_t e = longer.find('e');
            const std::size_t dot = longer.find('.');
            const std::string extra = dot == std::string::npos ? ".000000000000000000001" : "000000000000000000001";
            longer.insert(e == std::string::npos ? longer.size() : e, extra);
-            CAPTURE(longer)
-            if (eisel_lemire(longer, out))
+            CAPTURE(longer);
+            CHECK(native_bits64(longer) == b);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("round trip, binary32")
+    {
+        std::uint32_t state = 5295;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i)
+        {
+            state ^= state << 13u;
+            state ^= state >> 17u;
+            state ^= state << 5u;
+            std::uint32_t b = state;
+            if ((b & 0x7F800000u) == 0x7F800000u)
            {
-                CHECK(bits_of(out) == b);
+                continue; // infinity or NaN
            }
-            else
+            if (i % 4 == 0)
            {
-                // w and w + 1 round differently: only when the value is very
-                // close to a rounding boundary
-                ++declined;
+                b &= 0x807FFFFFu; // subnormals
            }
+            float f = 0;
+            std::memcpy(&f, &b, sizeof(f));
+
+            std::array<char, 64> buffer{};
+            const char* end = nlohmann::detail::to_chars(buffer.data(), buffer.data() + buffer.size(), f);
+            const std::string token(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::size_t>(end - buffer.data()));
+            CAPTURE(token);
+            CHECK(native_bits32(token) == b);
        }
-        CHECK(declined < 1000); // 107 of the 200,000
    }

    SECTION("used by the lexer")
@@ -1315,3 +1409,177 @@ TEST_CASE("Eisel-Lemire float conversion")
                             "[json.exception.out_of_range.406] number overflow parsing '1.7976931348623159e308'", json::out_of_range&);
    }
 }
+
+namespace
+{
+using float_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, float>;
+
+// the bits of the float that parse() gives for a token, via both scanners;
+// the value must be the same for both
+template<typename Json, typename Bits>
+void check_parse(const std::string& token, Bits expected, Bits infinity)
+{
+    std::stringstream stream(token);
+    if ((expected & ~(Bits{1} << (8 * sizeof(Bits) - 1))) == infinity)
+    {
+        Json _;
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = Json::parse(token), ("[json.exception.out_of_range.406] number overflow parsing '" + token + "'").c_str(), typename Json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = Json::parse(stream), ("[json.exception.out_of_range.406] number overflow parsing '" + token + "'").c_str(), typename Json::out_of_range&);
+        return;
+    }
+    const Json contiguous = Json::parse(token);
+    const Json streamed = Json::parse(stream);
+    if (contiguous.is_number_float()) // not an integer that fits
+    {
+        CHECK(bits_of(contiguous.template get<typename Json::number_float_t>()) == expected);
+        CHECK(bits_of(streamed.template get<typename Json::number_float_t>()) == expected);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK(streamed.is_number_integer());
+    }
+}
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("float conversion of hard cases")
+{
+    // see float_hard_cases.hpp
+    for (const auto& c : float_hard_cases::cases())
+    {
+        const std::string token = c.token;
+        CAPTURE(token);
+        CHECK(native_bits64(token) == c.bits64);
+        CHECK(native_bits32(token) == c.bits32);
+        check_parse<json>(token, c.bits64, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>(token, c.bits32, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("float overflow and underflow in the parser")
+{
+    SECTION("double")
+    {
+        check_parse<json>("1.7976931348623157e308", std::uint64_t{0x7FEFFFFFFFFFFFFFu}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("1.7976931348623159e308", std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("-1e309", std::uint64_t{0xFFF0000000000000u}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("1" + std::string(400, '0'), std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("1e99999999999999999999", std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        // an underflow gives a zero with the sign of the token
+        check_parse<json>("1e-400", std::uint64_t{0}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("-1e-400", std::uint64_t{0x8000000000000000u}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("-2.4703282292062327e-324", std::uint64_t{0x8000000000000000u}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+        check_parse<json>("0." + std::string(400, '0') + "1", std::uint64_t{0}, std::uint64_t{0x7FF0000000000000u});
+    }
+
+    SECTION("float")
+    {
+        check_parse<float_json>("3.4028234e38", std::uint32_t{0x7F7FFFFFu}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>("3.4028236e38", std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>("-1e39", std::uint32_t{0xFF800000u}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>("1e-46", std::uint32_t{0}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>("-1e-46", std::uint32_t{0x80000000u}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>("-7.006492321624085e-46", std::uint32_t{0x80000000u}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+        check_parse<float_json>("-7.006492321624086e-46", std::uint32_t{0x80000001u}, std::uint32_t{0x7F800000u});
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("string scanning kernels")
+{
+    // the word-at-a-time kernels must stop exactly where a byte-by-byte scan
+    // stops, for any content, length, and alignment
+    const auto reference_special = [](const unsigned char* data, std::size_t n)
+    {
+        std::size_t i = 0;
+        while (i < n && !nlohmann::detail::is_string_special(data[i]))
+        {
+            ++i;
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+    const auto reference_copyable = [](const unsigned char* data, std::size_t n)
+    {
+        std::size_t i = 0;
+        while (i < n && nlohmann::detail::is_ascii_copyable(data[i]))
+        {
+            ++i;
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+    const auto reference_bulk_run = [](const unsigned char* data, std::size_t n)
+    {
+        std::size_t i = 0;
+        while (i < n)
+        {
+            if (data[i] < 0x80u)
+            {
+                if (nlohmann::detail::is_string_special(data[i]))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                ++i;
+                continue;
+            }
+            const std::size_t seq = nlohmann::detail::validate_one_utf8(data + i, n - i);
+            if (seq == 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            i += seq;
+        }
+        return i;
+    };
+
+    // pieces: ordinary ASCII, stops, DEL, well-formed sequences of every
+    // length, and ill-formed or truncated ones
+    const std::vector<std::string> pieces =
+    {
+        "a", "Z", " ", "~", "0123456789", "\"", "\\", std::string(1, '\0'), "\n", "\x1F", "\x7F",
+        "\xC3\xA4", "\xE2\x82\xAC", "\xE6\x97\xA5\xE6\x9C\xAC", "\xF0\x9F\x98\x80", "\xED\x9F\xBF",
+        "\x80", "\xC0\x80", "\xC3", "\xE2\x82", "\xED\xA0\x80", "\xF4\x90\x80\x80", "\xFF",
+    };
+    std::uint64_t state = 5295;
+    const auto next = [&state]()
+    {
+        state ^= state << 13u;
+        state ^= state >> 7u;
+        state ^= state << 17u;
+        return state;
+    };
+    // the upper half as a 32-bit value: converts to std::size_t implicitly on
+    // every platform (a cast of std::uint64_t is useless where both are the
+    // same type, and required where std::size_t is 32 bits wide)
+    const auto next_small = [&next]()
+    {
+        return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(next() >> 32u);
+    };
+    for (int round = 0; round < 100000; ++round)
+    {
+        // mostly ordinary text, so that runs span several words
+        std::string text(next_small() % 8u, '.');
+        const std::size_t count = next_small() % 12u;
+        for (std::size_t k = 0; k < count; ++k)
+        {
+            const std::size_t p = (next() % 4 == 0) ? next_small() % pieces.size() : 0;
+            text += pieces[p];
+            text += std::string(next_small() % 10u, 'x');
+        }
+        const auto* data = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(text.data()); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast)
+        for (std::size_t offset = 0; offset < 3 && offset <= text.size(); ++offset)
+        {
+            const std::size_t n = text.size() - offset;
+            CAPTURE(text);
+            CAPTURE(offset);
+            CHECK(nlohmann::detail::find_string_special(data + offset, n) == reference_special(data + offset, n));
+            CHECK(nlohmann::detail::find_ascii_copyable_run(data + offset, n) == reference_copyable(data + offset, n));
+            CHECK(nlohmann::detail::scalar_string_bulk_run(data + offset, n) == reference_bulk_run(data + offset, n));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // the trailing-zero count, whichever implementation the compiler gets
+    for (int k = 0; k < 64; ++k)
+    {
+        const std::uint64_t bit = std::uint64_t{1} << k;
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::count_trailing_zeros(bit) == k);
+        CHECK(nlohmann::detail::count_trailing_zeros(bit | (bit << 1u) | 0x8000000000000000u) == k);
+    }
+}
@@ -2561,7 +2561,7 @@ TEST_CASE("last-read diagnostics are identical across input adapters")

    for (const auto& s : inputs)
    {
-        CAPTURE(s)
+        CAPTURE(s);

        // reference: contiguous std::string -> seekable (lazy) path
        const std::string reference = parse_error_message(s);
@@ -2645,7 +2645,7 @@ TEST_CASE("diagnostic positions: value lifetime, input adapters, and SAX")

        SECTION("move constructor resets the moved-from value to npos")
        {
-            // basic_json(basic_json&&) (json.hpp, around line 1951) copies
+            // basic_json(basic_json&&) (json.hpp, around line 1265) copies
            // other's start_position/end_position into *this and then resets
            // other's to npos (see the cppcheck-suppress[accessForwarded]
            // annotation there, which flags this reset as worth a second
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ TEST_CASE("equality of objects whose entries have no fixed order")

    for (const std::size_t depth : std::vector<std::size_t> {0, 200})
    {
-        CAPTURE(depth)
+        CAPTURE(depth);

        const unordered_json descending = nest(make_unordered_object(true), depth);
        const unordered_json ascending = nest(make_unordered_object(false), depth);
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ TEST_CASE("equality of an object whose comparator treats different keys as equiv

    for (const std::size_t depth : std::vector<std::size_t> {0, 127, 128, 200})
    {
-        CAPTURE(depth)
+        CAPTURE(depth);

        const ci_json x = nest(a, depth);
        const ci_json y = nest(b, depth);
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ TEST_CASE("containers are compared element by element")

    for (const std::size_t depth : std::vector<std::size_t> {0, 200})
    {
-        CAPTURE(depth)
+        CAPTURE(depth);

        // objects with different keys
        {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ TEST_CASE("other constructors and destructor")
        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::object);
        const json k(std::move(j));
        CHECK(k.type() == json::value_t::object);
-        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null); // NOLINT(bugprone-use-after-move,hicpp-invalid-access-moved) access after move is OK here
+        CHECK(j.type() == json::value_t::null); // NOLINT: access after move is OK here
    }

    SECTION("copy assignment")
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@ TEST_CASE("value conversion")

 enum class cards {kreuz, pik, herz, karo};

-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-use-internal-linkage,misc-const-correctness) - false positive
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-use-internal-linkage,misc-const-correctness,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) - false positive
 NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(cards,
 {
    {cards::kreuz, "kreuz"},
@@ -1648,7 +1648,7 @@ enum TaskState // NOLINT(cert-int09-c,readability-enum-initial-value,cppcoreguid
    TS_INVALID = -1,
 };

-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness,misc-use-internal-linkage) - false positive
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness,misc-use-internal-linkage,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) - false positive
 NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(TaskState,
 {
    {TS_INVALID, nullptr},
@@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON to enum mapping")

 enum class strict_cards {kreuz, pik, herz, karo, andere}; // andere not included in mapping

-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-use-internal-linkage,misc-const-correctness) - false positive
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-use-internal-linkage,misc-const-correctness,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) - false positive
 NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT(strict_cards,
 {
    {strict_cards::kreuz, "kreuz"},
@@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ enum StrictTaskState // NOLINT(cert-int09-c,readability-enum-initial-value,cppco
    STRICT_TS_INVALID = -1,
 };

-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness,misc-use-internal-linkage) - false positive
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness,misc-use-internal-linkage,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays) - false positive
 NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT(StrictTaskState,
 {
    {STRICT_TS_INVALID, nullptr},
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ TEST_CASE("hash of deeply nested values")
        // every depth on either side of where the iterative path takes over
        for (std::size_t depth = 0; depth <= (2 * nlohmann::detail::recursion_depth_limit()) + 10; ++depth)
        {
-            CAPTURE(depth)
+            CAPTURE(depth);
            const auto arrays = nested<json>(depth, false);
            const auto objects = nested<json>(depth, true);
            const auto ordered = nested<ordered_json>(depth, true);
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ TEST_CASE("hash of deeply nested values")
                    false, true
                })
        {
-            CAPTURE(objects)
+            CAPTURE(objects);
            const auto text = nested_text(depth, objects);
            const auto a = json::parse(text);
            const auto b = json::parse(text);
@@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON patch - every operation on ordered_json")
        };
        for (const auto& target : targets)
        {
-            CAPTURE(target.dump())
+            CAPTURE(target.dump());
            CHECK(source.patch(ordered_json::diff(source, target)) == target);
        }
    }
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ TEST_CASE("tests on deeply nested JSONs")
            // are known to meet cleanly - wherever the bound is set.
            for (std::size_t d = 1; d <= 300; ++d)
            {
-                CAPTURE(d)
+                CAPTURE(d);

                const json array = json::parse(std::string(d, '[') + '0' + std::string(d, ']'));
                const json array_copy(array); // NOLINT(performance-unnecessary-copy-initialization): the copy is what is tested
@@ -257,10 +257,11 @@ struct LocaleSwitchingSax final: public nlohmann::json_sax<json>

 TEST_CASE("locale changes between lexer construction and number conversion (#5198)")
 {
-    // The numbers are chosen so that the conversion also takes the strtod
-    // fallback, which honors the locale that is current at conversion time:
-    // too many significant digits for Clinger's fast path, an underflow that
-    // std::from_chars rejects, and a plain value.
+    // float and double are converted without the locale. A long double that
+    // is not binary64 can take the strtold fallback, which honors the locale
+    // that is current at conversion time. The numbers are chosen so that it
+    // does: too many significant digits for Clinger's fast path, an underflow
+    // that std::from_chars rejects, and a plain value.
    const std::vector<std::string> numbers = {"3.14159265358979323846", "1.5e-400", "12.34", "-0.000123456789012345678"};
    std::string text = "[";
    for (const auto& n : numbers)
@@ -286,8 +287,8 @@ TEST_CASE("locale changes between lexer construction and number conversion (#519

    for (const auto& transition : transitions)
    {
-        CAPTURE(transition.first)
-        CAPTURE(transition.second)
+        CAPTURE(transition.first);
+        CAPTURE(transition.second);

        if (std::setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, transition.first) == nullptr)
        {
@@ -324,7 +325,8 @@ TEST_CASE("locale changes between lexer construction and number conversion (#519
            }
        }

-        // a long double goes through std::strtold unless std::from_chars supports it
+        // a long double goes through std::strtold unless it is binary64 or
+        // std::from_chars supports it
        {
            bool switched = false;
            const auto cb = [&](int /*depth*/, long_double_json::parse_event_t event, long_double_json& /*parsed*/) noexcept
@@ -350,8 +352,15 @@ TEST_CASE("locale with a multi-byte decimal point")
 {
    // Some locales use a decimal point that is not a single character, e.g.
    // U+066B ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR (two bytes in UTF-8). It cannot be
-    // substituted in place for '.', so the strtod fallback stops early. The
-    // conversion must still terminate rather than retry forever.
+    // substituted in place for '.', so the strtold fallback (only for long
+    // double formats other than binary64) converts a copy of the token with
+    // the whole decimal point instead (#5660). The values must be those of the
+    // "C" locale.
+    using long_double_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int64_t, std::uint64_t, long double>;
+    const char* const long_double_numbers = "[3.14159265358979323846, 1.5e-400, -0.000123456789012345678]";
+    REQUIRE(std::setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C") != nullptr);
+    const long_double_json expected_long_double = long_double_json::parse(long_double_numbers);
+
    const std::array<const char*, 6> names = {{"ar_EG.UTF-8", "ar_SA.UTF-8", "fa_IR.UTF-8", "ps_AF.UTF-8", "ar_EG", "fa_IR"}};
    bool tested = false;
    for (const char* name : names)
@@ -365,16 +374,24 @@ TEST_CASE("locale with a multi-byte decimal point")
        {
            continue;
        }
-        CAPTURE(name)
+        CAPTURE(name);
        tested = true;

        // too many significant digits for Clinger's fast path, and an underflow
-        // that std::from_chars rejects: both reach the strtod fallback
+        // that std::from_chars rejects: double does not depend on the locale
        json j;
        CHECK_NOTHROW(j = json::parse("[3.14159265358979323846, 1.5e-400, -0.000123456789012345678]"));
        CHECK(j.is_array());
+        CHECK(j[0] == 3.14159265358979323846);
+        CHECK(j[1] == 0.0);
+        CHECK(j[2] == -0.000123456789012345678);
        CHECK(json::accept("3.14159265358979323846"));

+        // a long double that reaches the strtold fallback is not truncated
+        long_double_json ld;
+        CHECK_NOTHROW(ld = long_double_json::parse(long_double_numbers));
+        CHECK(ld == expected_long_double);
+
        // a value the locale-independent paths convert is not affected
        CHECK(json::parse("12.5") == 12.5);
    }
@@ -305,10 +305,10 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON Merge Patch on deeply nested values")
        // over (detail::recursion_depth_limit(), 128)
        for (std::size_t depth = 0; depth <= 300; ++depth)
        {
-            CAPTURE(depth)
+            CAPTURE(depth);
            for (int variant = 0; variant < 3; ++variant)
            {
-                CAPTURE(variant)
+                CAPTURE(variant);
                const json patch = json::parse(nested_objects(depth, variant));

                json result = json::parse(nested_objects(depth, (variant + 1) % 3));
@@ -1084,10 +1084,10 @@ TEST_CASE("update() on deeply nested values")
        // over (detail::recursion_depth_limit(), 128)
        for (std::size_t depth = 0; depth <= 300; ++depth)
        {
-            CAPTURE(depth)
+            CAPTURE(depth);
            for (int variant = 0; variant < 3; ++variant)
            {
-                CAPTURE(variant)
+                CAPTURE(variant);
                const json source = json::parse(nested_objects(depth, variant));
                json result = json::parse(nested_objects(depth, (variant + 1) % 3));
                json expected = result;
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION")

        for (const auto& test : tests)
        {
-            CAPTURE(test.first)
+            CAPTURE(test.first);
            std::istringstream ss(test.first);
            json j;
            ss >> j;
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION")

        for (const auto& test : tests)
        {
-            CAPTURE(test.first)
+            CAPTURE(test.first);
            std::istringstream ss(test.first);
            json j;
            ss >> j;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION")
                {"1", "12", "-3.5e2", " 7 "
                })
        {
-            CAPTURE(s)
+            CAPTURE(s);
            std::istringstream ss(s);
            json j;
            ss >> j;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ enum class for_1647
    two
 };

-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness): this is a false positive
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness,cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays): this is a false positive
 NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(for_1647,
 {
    {for_1647::one, "one"},
@@ -849,13 +849,13 @@ TEST_CASE("issue #5338 - truncated CBOR tagged binary subtype is rejected")

    for (const auto& data : truncated_tags)
    {
-        CAPTURE(data)
+        CAPTURE(data);
        for (const auto tag_handler :
                {
                    json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store
                })
        {
-            CAPTURE(tag_handler)
+            CAPTURE(tag_handler);
            const auto result = json::from_cbor(data, true, false, tag_handler);
            CHECK(result.is_discarded());
        }
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serialization of deeply nested values")
        // value are known to meet cleanly - wherever the bound is set.
        for (std::size_t d = 1; d <= 300; ++d)
        {
-            CAPTURE(d)
+            CAPTURE(d);

            const std::string array_text = std::string(d, '[') + '7' + std::string(d, ']');
            CHECK(json::parse(array_text).dump() == array_text);
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serialization of deeply nested values")
    {
        for (std::size_t d = 120; d <= 140; ++d)
        {
-            CAPTURE(d)
+            CAPTURE(d);

            const json j = json::parse(std::string(d, '[') + '7' + std::string(d, ']'));

@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serialization of deeply nested values")
        // so it must not gain a newline when it is reached iteratively
        for (std::size_t d = 125; d <= 135; ++d)
        {
-            CAPTURE(d)
+            CAPTURE(d);

            const std::string compact = std::string(d, '[') + "[]" + std::string(d, ']');
            CHECK(json::parse(compact).dump() == compact);
@@ -711,10 +711,10 @@ TEST_CASE("serialization of every kind of value below the bound of the descent")

    for (const std::size_t depth : std::vector<std::size_t> {1, 200})
    {
-        CAPTURE(depth)
+        CAPTURE(depth);
        for (const auto& inner : values)
        {
-            CAPTURE(inner.dump())
+            CAPTURE(inner.dump());
            const json j = wrap_in_arrays(inner, depth);
            CHECK(j.dump() == std::string(depth, '[') + inner.dump() + std::string(depth, ']'));
            CHECK(j.dump(2) == expected_pretty_in_arrays(inner, depth));
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serialization of every kind of value below the bound of the descent")
    {
        for (std::size_t d = 120; d <= 140; ++d)
        {
-            CAPTURE(d)
+            CAPTURE(d);

            // built from the inside out: {"k": <level below>, "n": <level>}
            json j = 7;
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ TEST_CASE("std::counted_iterator reaches the contiguous fast paths")

    for (const auto& text : diagnostic_docs)
    {
-        CAPTURE(text)
+        CAPTURE(text);
        const std::counted_iterator<const char*> it(text.data(), static_cast<std::iter_difference_t<const char*>>(text.size()));
        std::string counted_message;
        std::string string_message;
@@ -460,8 +460,8 @@ TEST_CASE("std::counted_iterator bulk scanning stops at the counted end")

    for (const auto& tc : cases)
    {
-        CAPTURE(tc.buffer)
-        CAPTURE(tc.count)
+        CAPTURE(tc.buffer);
+        CAPTURE(tc.count);
        const std::string buffer = tc.buffer;
        CHECK(via_counted(buffer, tc.count) == via_prefix(buffer, tc.count));
    }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Niels Lohmann	f1014c938a	Fix CI: useless casts to std::size_t in the string-scan tests GCC -Werror=useless-cast rejected static_cast<std::size_t>(next() % n): on 64-bit Linux std::uint64_t and std::size_t are the same type, while the cast is needed where std::size_t is 32 bits wide. Draw the sizes from a 32-bit value instead, which converts to std::size_t implicitly on every platform. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-30 20:19:12 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	e91fdad877	Find the stop byte of a string run without a byte loop find_string_special() and find_ascii_copyable_run() test eight bytes at a time, but located the stopping byte inside a word with a byte loop. The lowest flagged byte of the SWAR tests is always a true hit (the borrows of the subtractions can only flag bytes above one), so its index is now the trailing-zero count of the mask; words are read in little-endian order on every platform, so this does not depend on the byte order. scalar_string_bulk_run() validates a run of multi-byte UTF-8 sequences one after another instead of searching for the next special byte in between, which helps text in non-Latin scripts. The kernels serve the lexer's contiguous fast path, the serializer, and the binary formats. New tests compare all three with byte-by-byte reference scans on 100,000 generated buffers at three alignments; the portable fallback of count_trailing_zeros() was checked against the builtin. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-30 20:19:12 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	9c71689715	Convert long doubles under a multi-byte decimal point completely The strtold fallback, which is left only for long double formats that are not binary64 (x87, binary128), substituted the first byte of the locale's decimal point for '.'. Under a locale whose decimal point is longer than one byte, such as fa_IR.UTF-8 or ar_EG.UTF-8 (U+066B), strtold stopped there and the value was truncated at the decimal point. A longer decimal point is now put into a copy of the token. The test "locale with a multi-byte decimal point" now compares the long double values with those of the "C" locale; with x87 long doubles it failed before. Fixes #5660. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-30 20:19:11 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	44ec53c77b	Convert float and double with the library's own correctly rounded parser float, double, and long double where it is IEEE-754 binary64 (MSVC, Apple arm64) are now converted by the library itself, correctly rounded and independent of the locale and of the C and C++ libraries: - The token is split into sign, significand w (at most 19 digits), and decimal exponent q, using the positions of the decimal point and the exponent that the scanners already recorded, so no character is classified again. - Clinger's fast path where w and 10^\|q\| are exact. - Eisel-Lemire otherwise, now templated for binary32 and binary64. - For tokens with more than 19 digits whose w and w + 1 round differently, an exact big-integer comparison with the midpoint between the two candidates (the digit comparison of fast_float, simplified). This replaces the separate token walks of Clinger's fast path and of Eisel-Lemire, the significant-digit gate that avoided the former, and, for float and double, std::from_chars and the locale-aware strtod. std::from_chars and strtold remain only for other long double formats (x87, binary128, double-double) and for types that are not IEEE-754. Values are bit-identical to before wherever the previous conversion was correctly rounded; tokens converted in a locale with a multi-byte decimal point are now also exact. Overflow still gives out_of_range.406, underflow a signed zero. convert_float() is the entry point for other parsers of JSON text: it converts like the lexer, without allocation for binary32/binary64. Tests: exact-bit tests for double and float (ties, subnormal and overflow boundaries, huge exponents, more digits than any midpoint), Eisel-Lemire for binary32, the round trips of 200,000 doubles and 100,000 floats without declines, 508 generated hard cases with the expected bits of both formats (float_hard_cases.hpp) through the converter and both scanners, and JSON-level overflow/underflow checks for double and float. The locale tests now check the values in a locale with a multi-byte decimal point. Docs: the statements that parsing uses strtod/strtof/strtold; the fast_float credit now names the digit comparison. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-30 20:19:11 +02:00