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Author SHA1 Message Date
Niels Lohmann 53fc09b3ab Merge branch 'develop' into claude/3453-breaking-change-flags-c937b4
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-28 22:22:39 +02:00
Niels Lohmann c6878de6a7 Add JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON to the 4.0 example
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-28 18:47:31 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 8502d73729 Merge branch 'develop' into claude/3453-breaking-change-flags-c937b4
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-27 20:58:00 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 3d18d2b7c5 Wrap overlong line in cbor_tag_handler_t documentation
The line added in #5559 exceeds the 160-character limit enforced by the
documentation style check.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-27 16:55:18 +02:00
Niels Lohmann fb3d9d9b8f List the deprecated functions removed in 4.0 in the roadmap
The roadmap lists what will be removed; the migration guide keeps the
examples for how to replace each item. Also mention the deprecated
(ptr, len) overloads of the from_* functions in the migration guide.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-27 16:51:39 +02:00
Niels Lohmann a164f926c5 Document the macros that preview version 4.0 in the roadmap
List the macros that guard breaking changes planned to become the
default in version 4.0.0, and explain that 4.0.0 will be the sum of
these opt-in flags, which can be tried on the 3.x release train.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-27 16:39:52 +02:00
13 changed files with 1102 additions and 700 deletions
+3 -1
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@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
# TODO: portability-template-virtual-member-function is only removed to get the CI going. It has to be addressed at some point.
# TODO: The first three checks are only removed to get the CI going. They have to be addressed at some point.
# TODO: portability-avoid-pragma-once: should be fixed eventually
Checks: '*,
-portability-template-virtual-member-function,
-bugprone-use-after-move,
-hicpp-invalid-access-moved,
-altera-id-dependent-backward-branch,
-altera-struct-pack-align,
+1 -1
View File
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ JSON object holding version information
| key | description |
|-------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `compiler` | Information on the used compiler. It is an object with the following keys: `c++` (the used C++ standard), `family` (the compiler family; possible values are `clang`, `icc`, `gcc`, `hp`, `ilecpp`, `msvc`, `pgcpp`, `sunpro`, and `unknown`), and `version` (the compiler version). |
| `compiler` | Information on the used compiler. It is an object with the following keys: `c++` (the used C++ standard), `family` (the compiler family; possible values are `clang`, `icc`, `gcc`, `ilecpp`, `msvc`, `pgcpp`, `sunpro`, and `unknown`), and `version` (the compiler version). On HP aCC compilers, `compiler` is instead the plain string `hp`. |
| `copyright` | The copyright line for the library as string. |
| `name` | The name of the library as string. |
| `platform` | The used platform as string. Possible values are `win32`, `linux`, `apple`, `unix`, and `unknown`. |
@@ -115,3 +115,4 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
## Version history
- Added in version 3.13.0.
- Planned to become the default (with the macro removed) in version 4.0.0.
+63 -5
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ work items are tracked in the [GitHub milestones](https://github.com/nlohmann/js
opt-in.
- **Keep the 3.x public API stable.** Releases follow [semantic versioning](https://semver.org). Changes that would
break existing code are only added behind a feature macro, so users can opt in and test their code before a next
major release.
major release, see [Version 4.0](#version-40).
- **Support a broad range of compilers and platforms.** The [CI](quality_assurance.md) keeps testing old and new
versions of GCC, Clang, MSVC, and other compilers on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
- **Keep the quality assurance up.** Every change keeps the test coverage at 100%, passes the static and dynamic
@@ -37,7 +37,65 @@ work items are tracked in the [GitHub milestones](https://github.com/nlohmann/js
## Version 4.0
There is no decision yet on whether or when a version 4.0 with breaking changes will be released. Proposals that need
a major version, for instance stricter type conversions, are collected in issue
[#3453](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3453). Until then, such changes are only added as opt-in behavior
behind feature macros.
There is no release date for version 4.0 yet. Proposals that need a major version, for instance stricter type
conversions, are collected in issue [#3453](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3453).
!!! note "Not final"
The plan for version 4.0 described below is not final and may still change: macros may be added to or removed from
the list, and planned defaults may be revised. Any such change will be documented on this page.
### Trying out 4.0 today
Version 4.0 will not be developed on a separate branch. Instead, every breaking change is first added to a 3.x release
behind a macro whose default keeps the 3.x behavior. Version 4.0 then switches the defaults and removes the macros.
Version 4.0 is therefore the sum of these macros: you can try it on the 3.x release train today by defining each macro
to its 4.0 value and fixing what no longer compiles or behaves differently. Once your code works with all of them, it
is ready for version 4.0.
The following macros guard changes that are planned to become the default in version 4.0:
| Macro | 3.x default | 4.0 behavior | CMake option | Added |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|
| [`JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`](../api/macros/json_use_implicit_conversions.md) | `1` | `0`: no implicit conversions from `basic_json` to other types; use [`get`](../api/basic_json/get.md) instead | [`JSON_ImplicitConversions`](../integration/cmake.md#json_implicitconversions) | 3.9.0 |
| [`JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS`](../api/macros/json_use_global_udls.md) | `1` | `0`: the string literals `_json` and `_json_pointer` are only available in namespace `nlohmann::literals` | [`JSON_GlobalUDLs`](../integration/cmake.md#json_globaludls) | 3.11.0 |
| [`JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON`](../api/macros/json_use_legacy_discarded_value_comparison.md) | `0` | removed: the deprecated legacy comparison of discarded values can no longer be enabled | [`JSON_LegacyDiscardedValueComparison`](../integration/cmake.md#json_legacydiscardedvaluecomparison) | 3.11.0 |
| [`JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS`](../api/macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics.md) | `0` | `1`: single-element brace initialization such as `#!cpp json j{obj};` copies the element instead of creating an array | – | 3.13.0 |
| [`JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION`](../api/macros/json_precise_stream_position.md) | `0` | `1`: reading from a stream does not consume the character after a number | – | 3.13.0 |
| [`JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING`](../api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling.md) | `0` | `1`: a NUL byte in the input is a parse error instead of the end of input | [`JSON_StrictNulHandling`](../integration/cmake.md#json_strictnulhandling) | 3.13.0 |
For example, the following makes a 3.x release behave like version 4.0 with respect to these changes:
```cpp
#define JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS 0
#define JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS 0
#define JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON 0
#define JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS 1
#define JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION 1
#define JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING 1
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
```
The macros must be defined before the library header is included; setting them once in the build system is the easiest
way to achieve this.
### Removal of deprecated functions
Version 4.0 will remove all deprecated functions. Compiling with deprecation warnings enabled shows which of them your
code still uses. The [migration guide](../integration/migration_guide.md#replace-deprecated-functions) shows how to
replace each of them.
| Deprecated | Since | Migration |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `#!cpp operator<<(basic_json&, std::istream&)` | 3.0.0 | [Parsing](../integration/migration_guide.md#parsing) |
| `#!cpp operator>>(const basic_json&, std::ostream&)` | 3.0.0 | [Miscellaneous functions](../integration/migration_guide.md#miscellaneous-functions) |
| `iterator_wrapper` | 3.1.0 | [Miscellaneous functions](../integration/migration_guide.md#miscellaneous-functions) |
| [`parse`](../api/basic_json/parse.md), [`accept`](../api/basic_json/accept.md), and [`sax_parse`](../api/basic_json/sax_parse.md) with an initializer list `{ptr, len}` or `{first, last}` | 3.8.0 | [Parsing](../integration/migration_guide.md#parsing) |
| [`from_bson`](../api/basic_json/from_bson.md), [`from_cbor`](../api/basic_json/from_cbor.md), [`from_msgpack`](../api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md), and [`from_ubjson`](../api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md) with `(ptr, len)` or an initializer list | 3.8.0 | [Parsing](../integration/migration_guide.md#parsing) |
| [`json_pointer::operator string_t`](../api/json_pointer/operator_string_t.md) | 3.11.0 | [JSON Pointers](../integration/migration_guide.md#json-pointers) |
| [`json_pointer`](../api/json_pointer/index.md) with a `basic_json` type as template argument, and the overloads of `value`, `contains`, `operator[]`, and `at` accepting such a pointer | 3.11.0 | [JSON Pointers](../integration/migration_guide.md#json-pointers) |
| Comparing a [`json_pointer`](../api/json_pointer/index.md) with a string via [`operator==`](../api/json_pointer/operator_eq.md) or [`operator!=`](../api/json_pointer/operator_ne.md) | 3.11.2 | [JSON Pointers](../integration/migration_guide.md#json-pointers) |
The deprecated legacy comparison of discarded values is controlled by a macro and therefore listed in the table above.
New breaking changes will follow the same path: they are added to these tables when they land in a 3.x release.
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
# Migration Guide
This page collects some guidelines on how to future-proof your code for future versions of this library.
The [roadmap](../community/roadmap.md#version-40) lists what will change in version 4.0, including the macros that let
you try its behavior with a 3.x release; this page describes how to adjust your code.
## Replace deprecated functions
The following functions have been deprecated and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0). All
The following functions have been deprecated and will be removed in the next major version (i.e., 4.0.0), see the
[roadmap](../community/roadmap.md#removal-of-deprecated-functions) for an overview. All
deprecations are annotated with
[`HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR`](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/api-reference.html#HEDLEY_DEPRECATED_FOR) to report which
function to use instead.
@@ -34,8 +37,9 @@ function to use instead.
[`accept`](../api/basic_json/accept.md), [`sax_parse`](../api/basic_json/sax_parse.md),
[`from_cbor`](../api/basic_json/from_cbor.md), [`from_msgpack`](../api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md),
[`from_ubjson`](../api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md), and [`from_bson`](../api/basic_json/from_bson.md) via initializer
lists is deprecated since 3.8.0. Instead, pass two iterators; for instance, call `from_cbor(ptr, ptr+len)` instead of
`from_cbor({ptr, len})`.
lists is deprecated since 3.8.0. The same holds for passing a pointer and a length as two arguments to the `from_*`
functions. Instead, pass two iterators; for instance, call `from_cbor(ptr, ptr+len)` instead of
`from_cbor({ptr, len})` or `from_cbor(ptr, len)`.
=== "Deprecated"
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t... Idx >
std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)> from_json_inplace_array_impl(BasicJsonType&& j,
identity_tag<std::array<T, sizeof...(Idx)>> /*unused*/, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
{
return { { j.at(Idx).template get<T>()... } };
return { { std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx).template get<T>()... } };
}
template < typename BasicJsonType, typename T, std::size_t N >
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ using tuple_type = std::tuple < decltype(from_json_tuple_get_impl(std::declval<B
template<std::size_t PTagValue, typename... Args, typename BasicJsonType, std::size_t... Idx>
tuple_type<PTagValue, BasicJsonType, Args...> from_json_tuple_impl_base(BasicJsonType&& j, index_sequence<Idx...> /*unused*/)
{
return tuple_type<PTagValue, BasicJsonType, Args...>(from_json_tuple_get_impl(j.at(Idx), detail::identity_tag<Args> {}, detail::priority_tag<PTagValue> {})...);
return tuple_type<PTagValue, BasicJsonType, Args...>(from_json_tuple_get_impl(std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(Idx), detail::identity_tag<Args> {}, detail::priority_tag<PTagValue> {})...);
}
template<std::size_t PTagValue, typename BasicJsonType>
@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ std::tuple<> from_json_tuple_impl_base(BasicJsonType& /*unused*/, index_sequence
template < typename BasicJsonType, class A1, class A2 >
std::pair<A1, A2> from_json_tuple_impl(BasicJsonType&& j, identity_tag<std::pair<A1, A2>> /*unused*/, priority_tag<0> /*unused*/)
{
return {j.at(0).template get<A1>(),
j.at(1).template get<A2>()};
return {std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(0).template get<A1>(),
std::forward<BasicJsonType>(j).at(1).template get<A2>()};
}
template<typename BasicJsonType, typename A1, typename A2>
@@ -763,7 +763,6 @@ struct container_input_adapter_factory< ContainerType,
static adapter_type create(ContainerType&& container)
{
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-use-after-move,hicpp-invalid-access-moved) forwarded twice on purpose, so begin() and end() see the same value category and yield matching iterator types
return input_adapter(begin(std::forward<ContainerType>(container)), end(std::forward<ContainerType>(container)));
}
};
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ inline std::size_t concat_length(const char /*c*/, const Args& ... rest)
template<typename... Args>
inline std::size_t concat_length(const char* cstr, const Args& ... rest)
{
// cppcheck-suppress ignoredReturnValue
return ::strlen(cstr) + concat_length(rest...);
}
+391 -249
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+115 -68
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@@ -70,41 +70,14 @@ template <class Key, class T, class IgnoredLess = std::less<Key>,
return *this;
}
private:
/// @brief find the entry for @a key, for either constness of @a self
/// @note the single place that performs the linear key search
template<typename Self, typename KeyType>
static auto find_impl(Self& self, KeyType&& key) -> decltype(self.begin())
{
for (auto it = self.begin(); it != self.end(); ++it)
{
if (self.m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it;
}
}
return self.end();
}
/// @brief remove the entry @a it points to, preserving order
/// @note keys are not movable, so the tail is destroyed and re-constructed in place
void erase_at(iterator it)
{
for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
{
it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
}
Container::pop_back();
}
public:
std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(const key_type& key, T&& t)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it != this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
return {it, false};
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return {it, false};
}
}
Container::emplace_back(key, std::forward<T>(t));
return {std::prev(this->end()), true};
@@ -114,10 +87,12 @@ public:
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(KeyType && key, T && t)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it != this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
return {it, false};
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return {it, false};
}
}
Container::emplace_back(std::forward<KeyType>(key), std::forward<T>(t));
return {std::prev(this->end()), true};
@@ -149,55 +124,75 @@ public:
T& at(const key_type& key)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it == this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it->second;
}
}
return it->second;
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
}
template<class KeyType, detail::enable_if_t<
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
T & at(KeyType && key) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it == this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it->second;
}
}
return it->second;
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
}
const T& at(const key_type& key) const
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it == this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it->second;
}
}
return it->second;
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
}
template<class KeyType, detail::enable_if_t<
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
const T & at(KeyType && key) const // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it == this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it->second;
}
}
return it->second;
JSON_THROW(std::out_of_range("key not found"));
}
size_type erase(const key_type& key)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it != this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
erase_at(it);
return 1;
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
// Since we cannot move const Keys, re-construct them in place
for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
{
it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
}
Container::pop_back();
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
@@ -206,11 +201,19 @@ public:
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
size_type erase(KeyType && key) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, key);
if (it != this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
erase_at(it);
return 1;
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
// Since we cannot move const Keys, re-construct them in place
for (auto next = it; ++next != this->end(); ++it)
{
it->~value_type(); // Destroy but keep allocation
new (&*it) value_type{std::move(*next)};
}
Container::pop_back();
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
@@ -275,38 +278,80 @@ public:
size_type count(const key_type& key) const
{
return find_impl(*this, key) != this->end() ? 1 : 0;
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
template<class KeyType, detail::enable_if_t<
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
size_type count(KeyType && key) const // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
{
return find_impl(*this, key) != this->end() ? 1 : 0;
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
iterator find(const key_type& key)
{
return find_impl(*this, key);
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it;
}
}
return Container::end();
}
template<class KeyType, detail::enable_if_t<
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
iterator find(KeyType && key) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
{
return find_impl(*this, key);
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it;
}
}
return Container::end();
}
const_iterator find(const key_type& key) const
{
return find_impl(*this, key);
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it;
}
}
return Container::end();
}
template<class KeyType, detail::enable_if_t<
detail::is_usable_as_key_type<key_compare, key_type, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
const_iterator find(KeyType && key) const // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward)
{
return find_impl(*this, key);
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
if (m_compare(it->first, key))
{
return it;
}
}
return Container::end();
}
std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( value_type&& value )
@@ -316,10 +361,12 @@ public:
std::pair<iterator, bool> insert( const value_type& value )
{
const auto it = find_impl(*this, value.first);
if (it != this->end())
for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it)
{
return {it, false};
if (m_compare(it->first, value.first))
{
return {it, false};
}
}
Container::push_back(value);
return {--this->end(), true};
File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
+5 -3
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@@ -2525,10 +2525,12 @@ TEST_CASE("diagnostic positions: value lifetime, input adapters, and SAX")
SECTION("move constructor resets the moved-from value to npos")
{
// basic_json(basic_json&&) (json.hpp, around line 1944) copies
// basic_json(basic_json&&) (json.hpp, around line 1265) copies
// other's start_position/end_position into *this and then resets
// other's to npos. Only the top-level moved-from value is
// affected; its (moved-away) children are gone along with it.
// other's to npos (see the cppcheck-suppress[accessForwarded]
// annotation there, which flags this reset as worth a second
// look). Only the top-level moved-from value is affected; its
// (moved-away) children are gone along with it.
const std::string s = R"({"a":1,"b":[1,2,3]})";
json a = json::parse(s);
const auto a_start = a.start_pos();
-43
View File
@@ -618,49 +618,6 @@ TEST_CASE("modifiers")
}
}
SECTION("rvalue at position moves rather than copies")
{
// regression test: insert(pos, basic_json&&) used to forward to
// insert(pos, const basic_json&) because the named rvalue
// reference parameter is itself an lvalue, so it always
// deep-copied its argument instead of moving it
json j_big = std::string(1000, 'x');
const auto* const original_buffer = j_big.get_ref<const std::string&>().data();
auto it = j_array.insert(j_array.begin(), std::move(j_big));
CHECK(j_array.size() == 5);
CHECK(*it == json(std::string(1000, 'x')));
CHECK((*it).get_ref<const std::string&>().data() == original_buffer);
// the moved-from value is null, the same as after push_back(&&)
CHECK(j_big.is_null()); // NOLINT(bugprone-use-after-move,hicpp-invalid-access-moved)
}
SECTION("self-aliasing insertion")
{
SECTION("without reallocation")
{
json j_self = {1, 2, 3, 4};
j_self.get_ref<json::array_t&>().reserve(j_self.size() + 1);
auto it = j_self.insert(j_self.begin(), std::move(j_self[1]));
CHECK(j_self.size() == 5);
CHECK(*it == json(2));
CHECK(j_self == json({2, 1, nullptr, 3, 4}));
}
SECTION("with reallocation")
{
json j_self = {1, 2, 3, 4};
j_self.get_ref<json::array_t&>().shrink_to_fit();
auto it = j_self.insert(j_self.begin(), std::move(j_self[1]));
CHECK(j_self.size() == 5);
CHECK(*it == json(2));
CHECK(j_self == json({2, 1, nullptr, 3, 4}));
}
}
SECTION("copies at position")
{
SECTION("insert before begin()")