Compare commits

..
Author SHA1 Message Date
Claude 315a1daada Expect the byte range of the root in the json_view boolean get<T>() test
With JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS, the type_error.302 message starts with
"(bytes 0-4)"; build the expected text with json_view_test::message(),
as the other tests of the root value do.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01N5NasAgbDGG28MqXjQvLqp
Signed-off-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-11-02 10:55:25 +00:00
Claude c3a69837de tests: skip throwing json_view bool get<T>() combinations without exceptions (#5988)
check_boolean_get_parity() called get<T>() for number_integer_t,
number_unsigned_t and number_float_t in its JSON_NOEXCEPTION branch, but a
boolean throws type_error.302 for exactly these types, so JSON_THROW aborted
test-json_view_cpp11/cpp17 in ci_test_noexceptions. Skip these combinations
there; the throwing checks stay in the exceptions-enabled build.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01N5NasAgbDGG28MqXjQvLqp
Signed-off-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-11-02 05:45:17 +00:00
Niels Lohmann 57428501b5 json_view: get<T>() of a boolean throws for number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and number_float_t like basic_json (#5988)
basic_json::get<T>() of a boolean throws type_error.302 for exactly
number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and number_float_t (dedicated from_json()
overloads) and gives 0/1 for every other arithmetic type. The view returned
0/1 for all of them, contradicting its documentation. The view now throws
the same exception (same message, with path/bytes decoration) for these three
types. basic_json is unchanged; its behavior is documented and pinned by a test.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-11-01 21:09:01 +01:00
12 changed files with 237 additions and 114 deletions

No files matched your search

+10
View File
@@ -120,6 +120,16 @@ overload (3).
See [Number conversion](../../features/types/number_handling.md#number-conversion)
for more information.
!!! note "Booleans as numbers"
A JSON boolean converts to `#!cpp 0` or `#!cpp 1` for every arithmetic type **except** [`number_integer_t`](number_integer_t.md),
[`number_unsigned_t`](number_unsigned_t.md) and [`number_float_t`](number_float_t.md) (by default `#!cpp std::int64_t`,
`#!cpp std::uint64_t`, and `#!cpp double`), for which `#!cpp get<T>()` throws
[`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) ("type must be number, but is boolean"). So
`#!cpp json(true).get<int>()` is `#!cpp 1`, while `#!cpp json(true).get<std::int64_t>()` and
`#!cpp json(true).get<double>()` throw. This is the behavior of all 3.x versions;
[`basic_json_view::get<T>()`](../basic_json_view/get.md) behaves the same.
!!! note "`std::optional` conversions"
Prior to version 3.13.0, `#!cpp get<std::optional<T>>()` (and other conversions to `std::optional<T>`) failed to
+2 -1
View File
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ For the types below, the conversion works directly on the flat index — no `Bas
- `#!cpp bool`
- arithmetic types other than `#!cpp bool` (for a boolean, `#!cpp 0`/`#!cpp 1`, exactly as for
[`BasicJsonType::get<T>()`](../basic_json/get.md))
[`BasicJsonType::get<T>()`](../basic_json/get.md#notes), except for `number_integer_t`, `number_unsigned_t` and
`number_float_t`, which throw `type_error.302` for a boolean, as `BasicJsonType::get<T>()` does)
- `#!cpp std::nullptr_t`
- `#!cpp std::basic_string<char, Traits, Alloc>` (including `string_t`) — a copy of the string
- [`string_view_t`](index.md#member-types) — **no copy**: the returned view points into the document's
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@ Note that enabling this macro increases the size of every JSON value by two `std
overhead to parsing, copying JSON value objects, and the generation of error messages for exceptions. It also causes
these values to be reported in those error messages.
If [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](json_diagnostics.md) is also set, the message contains the path and the byte range, such as
`(/1) (bytes 4-8)`. An exception about the root value has no path and only the range, such as `(bytes 0-4)`.
## Default definition
The default value is `0` (position diagnostics are switched off).
+10 -12
View File
@@ -198,19 +198,18 @@ class exception : public std::exception
// all other parent types (primitives) contribute no token
}
// the root value has no path, but still has a byte range
std::string prefix;
if (!tokens.empty())
if (tokens.empty())
{
const auto str = std::accumulate(tokens.rbegin(), tokens.rend(), std::string{},
[](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
{
return concat(a, '/', detail::escape(b));
});
prefix = concat('(', str, ") ");
return "";
}
return concat(prefix, get_byte_positions(leaf_element));
auto str = std::accumulate(tokens.rbegin(), tokens.rend(), std::string{},
[](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
{
return concat(a, '/', detail::escape(b));
});
return concat('(', str, ") ", get_byte_positions(leaf_element));
#else
return get_byte_positions(leaf_element);
#endif
@@ -223,8 +222,7 @@ class exception : public std::exception
template<typename BasicJsonType>
static std::string get_byte_positions(const BasicJsonType* leaf_element)
{
// a value-initialized iterator has no value (invalid_iterator.212)
if (leaf_element != nullptr && leaf_element->start_pos() != std::string::npos && leaf_element->end_pos() != std::string::npos)
if ((leaf_element->start_pos() != std::string::npos) && (leaf_element->end_pos() != std::string::npos))
{
return concat("(bytes ", std::to_string(leaf_element->start_pos()), "-", std::to_string(leaf_element->end_pos()), ") ");
}
+13 -12
View File
@@ -234,7 +234,8 @@ void value_range(const document_data& d, const node* n, std::size_t& start, std:
/// the context basic_json puts in front of the message of an exception about
/// a value: "(/path) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS (none for the root), then
/// "(bytes a-b) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS (also for the root)
/// "(bytes a-b) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS (with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS, only
/// if there is a path)
///
/// This and the throw helpers that take an error_site are templates, so that
/// the path and range code is instantiated only where an exception can be
@@ -255,19 +256,19 @@ std::string diagnostics(const error_site site)
std::string context;
#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
std::vector<std::string> tokens;
// a value that is not found leaves no tokens, like the root
static_cast<void>(edited ? value_path<true>(d, site.value(), tokens) : value_path<false>(d, site.value(), tokens));
if (!tokens.empty())
const bool found = edited ? value_path<true>(d, site.value(), tokens) : value_path<false>(d, site.value(), tokens);
if (!found || tokens.empty())
{
// the root value has no path, but still has a byte range
std::string path;
for (const std::string& token : tokens)
{
path.push_back('/');
path += detail::escape(token);
}
context = concat('(', path, ") ");
// context is still empty; returning it keeps the copy elided (-Wnrvo)
return context;
}
std::string path;
for (const std::string& token : tokens)
{
path.push_back('/');
path += detail::escape(token);
}
context = concat('(', path, ") ");
#endif
#if JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
std::size_t start = 0;
+28 -3
View File
@@ -33,12 +33,37 @@ namespace view
template<typename T>
struct value_tag {};
/// whether basic_json reads T with a dedicated from_json() overload that does
/// not accept a boolean: exactly number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and
/// number_float_t (the other arithmetic types convert a boolean to 0 or 1)
template<typename T, typename BasicJsonType>
struct rejects_boolean : std::integral_constant < bool,
std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t>::value
|| std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>::value
|| std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>::value >
{};
/// a boolean as T: 0 or 1
template<typename T>
NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T boolean_as(const document_data& /*d*/, const node& n, std::false_type /*rejects*/)
{
return static_cast<T>((n.flags & node_flags::is_true) != 0);
}
/// a boolean as number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t or number_float_t: type_error.302, as in basic_json
template<typename T>
[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T boolean_as(const document_data& d, const node& n, std::true_type /*rejects*/)
{
throw_type_error(error_site(&d, &n), exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", value_type_name(static_cast<value_t>(n.kind)));
}
/*!
@brief the number or boolean of a node converted to an arithmetic type
As basic_json's get<T>() for arithmetic types: integers and floats are
converted with static_cast, booleans give 0 or 1, and other types throw
type_error.302.
converted with static_cast, booleans give 0 or 1 (but throw type_error.302 for
number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and number_float_t, as basic_json does),
and other types throw type_error.302.
*/
template<typename T, typename BasicJsonType>
NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T arithmetic_value(const document_data& d, const node& n)
@@ -52,7 +77,7 @@ NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T arithmetic_value(const document_data& d, const nod
case value_t::number_float:
return static_cast<T>(float_value<typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>(d, n));
case value_t::boolean:
return static_cast<T>((n.flags & node_flags::is_true) != 0);
return boolean_as<T>(d, n, rejects_boolean<T, BasicJsonType> {});
case value_t::null:
case value_t::object:
case value_t::array:
+10 -12
View File
@@ -5695,19 +5695,18 @@ class exception : public std::exception
// all other parent types (primitives) contribute no token
}
// the root value has no path, but still has a byte range
std::string prefix;
if (!tokens.empty())
if (tokens.empty())
{
const auto str = std::accumulate(tokens.rbegin(), tokens.rend(), std::string{},
[](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
{
return concat(a, '/', detail::escape(b));
});
prefix = concat('(', str, ") ");
return "";
}
return concat(prefix, get_byte_positions(leaf_element));
auto str = std::accumulate(tokens.rbegin(), tokens.rend(), std::string{},
[](const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
{
return concat(a, '/', detail::escape(b));
});
return concat('(', str, ") ", get_byte_positions(leaf_element));
#else
return get_byte_positions(leaf_element);
#endif
@@ -5720,8 +5719,7 @@ class exception : public std::exception
template<typename BasicJsonType>
static std::string get_byte_positions(const BasicJsonType* leaf_element)
{
// a value-initialized iterator has no value (invalid_iterator.212)
if (leaf_element != nullptr && leaf_element->start_pos() != std::string::npos && leaf_element->end_pos() != std::string::npos)
if ((leaf_element->start_pos() != std::string::npos) && (leaf_element->end_pos() != std::string::npos))
{
return concat("(bytes ", std::to_string(leaf_element->start_pos()), "-", std::to_string(leaf_element->end_pos()), ") ");
}
+41 -15
View File
@@ -5076,7 +5076,8 @@ void value_range(const document_data& d, const node* n, std::size_t& start, std:
/// the context basic_json puts in front of the message of an exception about
/// a value: "(/path) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS (none for the root), then
/// "(bytes a-b) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS (also for the root)
/// "(bytes a-b) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS (with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS, only
/// if there is a path)
///
/// This and the throw helpers that take an error_site are templates, so that
/// the path and range code is instantiated only where an exception can be
@@ -5097,19 +5098,19 @@ std::string diagnostics(const error_site site)
std::string context;
#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
std::vector<std::string> tokens;
// a value that is not found leaves no tokens, like the root
static_cast<void>(edited ? value_path<true>(d, site.value(), tokens) : value_path<false>(d, site.value(), tokens));
if (!tokens.empty())
const bool found = edited ? value_path<true>(d, site.value(), tokens) : value_path<false>(d, site.value(), tokens);
if (!found || tokens.empty())
{
// the root value has no path, but still has a byte range
std::string path;
for (const std::string& token : tokens)
{
path.push_back('/');
path += detail::escape(token);
}
context = concat('(', path, ") ");
// context is still empty; returning it keeps the copy elided (-Wnrvo)
return context;
}
std::string path;
for (const std::string& token : tokens)
{
path.push_back('/');
path += detail::escape(token);
}
context = concat('(', path, ") ");
#endif
#if JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
std::size_t start = 0;
@@ -10066,12 +10067,37 @@ namespace view
template<typename T>
struct value_tag {};
/// whether basic_json reads T with a dedicated from_json() overload that does
/// not accept a boolean: exactly number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and
/// number_float_t (the other arithmetic types convert a boolean to 0 or 1)
template<typename T, typename BasicJsonType>
struct rejects_boolean : std::integral_constant < bool,
std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::number_integer_t>::value
|| std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::number_unsigned_t>::value
|| std::is_same<T, typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>::value >
{};
/// a boolean as T: 0 or 1
template<typename T>
NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T boolean_as(const document_data& /*d*/, const node& n, std::false_type /*rejects*/)
{
return static_cast<T>((n.flags & node_flags::is_true) != 0);
}
/// a boolean as number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t or number_float_t: type_error.302, as in basic_json
template<typename T>
[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T boolean_as(const document_data& d, const node& n, std::true_type /*rejects*/)
{
throw_type_error(error_site(&d, &n), exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", value_type_name(static_cast<value_t>(n.kind)));
}
/*!
@brief the number or boolean of a node converted to an arithmetic type
As basic_json's get<T>() for arithmetic types: integers and floats are
converted with static_cast, booleans give 0 or 1, and other types throw
type_error.302.
converted with static_cast, booleans give 0 or 1 (but throw type_error.302 for
number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and number_float_t, as basic_json does),
and other types throw type_error.302.
*/
template<typename T, typename BasicJsonType>
NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T arithmetic_value(const document_data& d, const node& n)
@@ -10085,7 +10111,7 @@ NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T arithmetic_value(const document_data& d, const nod
case value_t::number_float:
return static_cast<T>(float_value<typename BasicJsonType::number_float_t>(d, n));
case value_t::boolean:
return static_cast<T>((n.flags & node_flags::is_true) != 0);
return boolean_as<T>(d, n, rejects_boolean<T, BasicJsonType> {});
case value_t::null:
case value_t::object:
case value_t::array:
+38
View File
@@ -1260,6 +1260,44 @@ TEST_CASE("value conversion")
#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
#endif
TEST_CASE("get<T>() of a boolean (#5988)")
{
// a boolean converts to 0/1 for every arithmetic type except number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and
// number_float_t, whose dedicated from_json() overloads throw
const json t = true;
const json f = false;
SECTION("0 and 1")
{
// long and unsigned long are left out: they are std::int64_t and std::uint64_t on some platforms
CHECK(t.get<bool>() == true);
CHECK(f.get<bool>() == false);
CHECK(t.get<char>() == 1);
CHECK(t.get<signed char>() == 1);
CHECK(t.get<unsigned char>() == 1);
CHECK(t.get<short>() == 1); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
CHECK(t.get<unsigned short>() == 1); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
CHECK(t.get<int>() == 1);
CHECK(t.get<unsigned>() == 1);
CHECK(t.get<float>() == 1.0F);
CHECK(t.get<long double>() == 1.0L);
CHECK(f.get<int>() == 0);
CHECK(f.get<float>() == 0.0F);
}
#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
SECTION("number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t and number_float_t throw")
{
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(t.get<json::number_integer_t>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is boolean", json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(t.get<json::number_unsigned_t>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is boolean", json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(t.get<json::number_float_t>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is boolean", json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(f.get<json::number_integer_t>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is boolean", json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(f.get<json::number_unsigned_t>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is boolean", json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(f.get<json::number_float_t>(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is boolean", json::type_error&);
}
#endif
}
#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
#undef JSON_HAS_CPP_14
#endif
-33
View File
@@ -193,28 +193,6 @@ TEST_CASE("Better diagnostics with positions")
check_conversion(300);
}
SECTION("exception about the root value (#5987)")
{
// the root has no path, but still has a byte range
const json root = json::parse("true");
const json nested = json::parse("[1, true]");
const json constructed = true;
#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(root.get<std::string>(),
"[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 0-4) type must be string, but is boolean", json::type_error);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(nested[1].get<std::string>(),
"[json.exception.type_error.302] (/1) (bytes 4-8) type must be string, but is boolean", json::type_error);
#else
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(root.get<std::string>(),
"[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 0-4) type must be string, but is boolean", json::type_error);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(nested[1].get<std::string>(),
"[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 4-8) type must be string, but is boolean", json::type_error);
#endif
// a value without positions gets no range and no stray whitespace
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(constructed.get<std::string>(),
"[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is boolean", json::type_error);
}
SECTION("JSON patch add to primitive parent (#4292)")
{
// the JSON Patch "add" target /foo/bar/baz has a string parent
@@ -265,14 +243,3 @@ TEST_CASE("values read from a binary format have no positions")
check_no_positions(j);
}
}
TEST_CASE("comparing a value-initialized iterator throws invalid_iterator.212")
{
// such an iterator has no value to take the byte positions from; the
// comparison used to dereference the null pointer instead of throwing
json j = {1, 2};
json::iterator it{};
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(it == j.begin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers", json::invalid_iterator);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(it < j.begin(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers", json::invalid_iterator);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j.begin() == it, "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.212] cannot compare iterators of different containers", json::invalid_iterator);
}
+79
View File
@@ -1551,6 +1551,85 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view values")
}
}
namespace
{
// get<T>() of a boolean: the same value or the same exception in basic_json and in the view (#5988)
template<typename T>
void check_boolean_get_parity()
{
for (const bool b :
{
true, false
})
{
const std::string text = b ? "true" : "false";
const json j = json::parse(text);
const json_document d = json_document::parse(text);
CAPTURE(text)
#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
T dom_value {};
T view_value{};
const std::string dom_error = json_view_test::exception_of_call([&] { dom_value = j.get<T>(); });
const std::string view_error = json_view_test::exception_of_call([&] { view_value = d.root().template get<T>(); });
CHECK(dom_error == view_error);
if (dom_error.empty())
{
CHECK(dom_value == view_value);
CHECK(view_value == static_cast<T>(b));
}
#else
// without exceptions, the combinations that throw (number_integer_t, number_unsigned_t, number_float_t)
// cannot be run: JSON_THROW aborts
const bool throws = std::is_same<T, json::number_integer_t>::value
|| std::is_same<T, json::number_unsigned_t>::value
|| std::is_same<T, json::number_float_t>::value;
if (!throws)
{
CHECK(j.get<T>() == d.root().template get<T>());
}
#endif
}
}
} // namespace
TEST_CASE("json_view get<T>() of a boolean (#5988)")
{
check_boolean_get_parity<bool>();
check_boolean_get_parity<char>();
check_boolean_get_parity<signed char>();
check_boolean_get_parity<unsigned char>();
check_boolean_get_parity<short>(); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
check_boolean_get_parity<unsigned short>(); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
check_boolean_get_parity<int>();
check_boolean_get_parity<unsigned>();
check_boolean_get_parity<long>(); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
check_boolean_get_parity<unsigned long>(); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
check_boolean_get_parity<long long>(); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
check_boolean_get_parity<unsigned long long>(); // NOLINT(google-runtime-int)
check_boolean_get_parity<std::int64_t>();
check_boolean_get_parity<std::uint64_t>();
check_boolean_get_parity<float>();
check_boolean_get_parity<double>();
check_boolean_get_parity<long double>();
#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
SECTION("the exceptions of the exact number types")
{
const json_document d = json_document::parse("true");
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root().get<json::number_integer_t>(), json_view_test::message("type_error.302", "", 0, 4, "type must be number, but is boolean").c_str(), json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root().get<json::number_unsigned_t>(), json_view_test::message("type_error.302", "", 0, 4, "type must be number, but is boolean").c_str(), json::type_error&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root().get<json::number_float_t>(), json_view_test::message("type_error.302", "", 0, 4, "type must be number, but is boolean").c_str(), json::type_error&);
CHECK(d.root().get<int>() == 1);
// get_to() and value() go through get<T>()
json::number_float_t x = 0;
CHECK_THROWS_AS(d.root().get_to(x), json::type_error&);
const json_document o = json_document::parse("{\"b\":true}");
CHECK_THROWS_AS(static_cast<void>(o.root().value("b", 0.0)), json::type_error&);
CHECK(o.root().value("b", 0) == 1);
}
#endif
}
TEST_CASE("json_view JSON pointers")
{
SECTION("every value of generated documents")
+6 -23
View File
@@ -300,27 +300,6 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view materialize() source positions")
static_cast<void>(j.at("list").at(1).get<int>());
}));
}
SECTION("exception about the root value (#5987)")
{
const json_document root = json_document::parse("true");
const json_document nested = json_document::parse("[1, true]");
CHECK(json_view_test::exception_of_call([&]
{
static_cast<void>(root.root().get<std::string>());
}) == "[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 0-4) type must be string, but is boolean");
#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
CHECK(json_view_test::exception_of_call([&]
{
static_cast<void>(nested.root()[1].get<std::string>());
}) == "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/1) (bytes 4-8) type must be string, but is boolean");
#else
CHECK(json_view_test::exception_of_call([&]
{
static_cast<void>(nested.root()[1].get<std::string>());
}) == "[json.exception.type_error.302] (bytes 4-8) type must be string, but is boolean");
#endif
}
#endif
SECTION("edited documents")
@@ -571,8 +550,12 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view exceptions name the path and the bytes of the value")
expected_zz += "(bytes 12-35) key 'zz' not found";
CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root().at(json::json_pointer("/people/0/zz"))); }) == expected_zz);
// the root has no path, but still its bytes (#5987)
const std::string expected_missing = "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] (bytes 0-79) key 'missing' not found";
// the root has no path, and with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS then no bytes either (as basic_json)
std::string expected_missing = "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] ";
#if !JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
expected_missing += "(bytes 0-79) ";
#endif
expected_missing += "key 'missing' not found";
CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root().at("missing")); }) == expected_missing);
}