Merge branch 'develop' into claude/string-view-convertible-keys-5663

Conflicts: - docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/count.md: kept the PR's string_view note on overload 2 and develop's new item 3 (deleted integral-key overload) - docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/find.md: same as count.md - docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/value.md: kept develop's integral-key note on item 1 and the PR's string_view note on item 2 Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
Fix key types convertible to std::string_view breaking lookups
2026-10-01 04:00:31 +00:00 · 2026-09-30 20:34:35 +02:00 · 2026-09-29 23:31:37 +02:00
12 changed files with 259 additions and 102 deletions
@@ -224,5 +224,7 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact

 1. Added in version 1.0.0.
 2. Added in version 1.0.0.
-3. Added in version 3.11.0.
+3. Added in version 3.11.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as
+   already supported by [`operator[]`](operator[].md), [`value`](value.md), [`find`](find.md), and other lookup
+   functions.
 4. Added in version 2.0.0.
@@ -119,7 +119,9 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 ## Version history

 1. Added in version 3.11.0.
-2. Added in version 3.6.0. Extended template `KeyType` to support comparable types in version 3.11.0.
+2. Added in version 3.6.0. Extended template `KeyType` to support comparable types in version 3.11.0. Fixed in
+   version 3.13.0 to consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as already supported by
+   [`operator[]`](operator[].md), [`at`](at.md), [`value`](value.md), and other lookup functions.
 3. Added in version 3.7.0.
 4. Deleted overloads for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time instead of
   causing undefined behavior at runtime.
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 ## Version history

 1. Added in version 3.11.0.
-2. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed parameter `key` type to `KeyType&&` in version 3.11.0.
+2. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed parameter `key` type to `KeyType&&` in version 3.11.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to
+   consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as already supported by [`operator[]`](operator[].md),
+   [`at`](at.md), [`value`](value.md), and other lookup functions.
 3. Deleted overload for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time instead of
   causing undefined behavior at runtime.
@@ -213,5 +213,7 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact
 1. Added in version 1.0.0. Added support for binary types in version 3.8.0.
 2. Added in version 1.0.0. Added support for binary types in version 3.8.0.
 3. Added in version 1.0.0.
-4. Added in version 3.11.0.
+4. Added in version 3.11.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as
+   already supported by [`operator[]`](operator[].md), [`at`](at.md), [`value`](value.md), and other lookup
+   functions.
 5. Added in version 1.0.0.
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ Logarithmic in the size of the JSON object.
 ## Version history

 1. Added in version 3.11.0.
-2. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed to support comparable types in version 3.11.0.
+2. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed to support comparable types in version 3.11.0. Fixed in version 3.13.0 to
+   consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as already supported by [`operator[]`](operator[].md),
+   [`at`](at.md), [`value`](value.md), and other lookup functions.
 3. Deleted overloads for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time instead of
   causing undefined behavior at runtime.
@@ -195,7 +195,9 @@ changes to any JSON value.
 1. Added in version 1.0.0. Changed parameter `default_value` type from `const ValueType&` to `ValueType&&` in version
   3.11.0. Deleted overload for integral key types added in version 3.13.0 to reject such calls at compile time
   instead of causing undefined behavior at runtime.
-2. Added in version 3.11.0. Made `ValueType` the first template parameter in version 3.11.2.
+2. Added in version 3.11.0. Made `ValueType` the first template parameter in version 3.11.2. Fixed in version 3.13.0
+   to consistently accept `std::string_view`-convertible keys, as already supported by
+   [`operator[]`](operator[].md), [`at`](at.md), [`find`](find.md), and other lookup functions.
 3. Added in version 2.0.2. Extended to work with arrays in version 3.13.0, including fixing an issue where resolving
   `ptr` through an array unexpectedly threw `out_of_range` instead of returning the resolved element (or
   `default_value`, as documented).
@@ -679,29 +679,19 @@ class json_pointer
                        return nullptr;
                    }

-                    // tokens that array_index() rejects with parse_error.106/109
-                    // are passed on to it; all other tokens that it would reject
-                    // with out_of_range.404/410 are detected here, so that this
-                    // also works without exceptions
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() > 1 && !(reference_token[0] >= '1' && reference_token[0] <= '9')))
+                    // may throw parse_error.106/109 for a malformed index; an
+                    // index that is syntactically valid but cannot be
+                    // represented (out_of_range.404/410) is treated like an
+                    // out-of-range index below
+                    typename BasicJsonType::size_type idx{};
+                    JSON_TRY
                    {
-                        static_cast<void>(array_index<BasicJsonType>(reference_token)); // throws parse_error.106/109
+                        idx = array_index<BasicJsonType>(reference_token);
                    }
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.empty() || !std::all_of(reference_token.begin(), reference_token.end(), [](const char c)
-                {
-                    return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
-                })))
+                    JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH (detail::out_of_range&)
                    {
                        return nullptr;
                    }
-                    errno = 0; // strtoull() does not reset errno on success
-                    char* p_end = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
-                    const unsigned long long magnitude = std::strtoull(reference_token.data(), &p_end, 10); // NOLINT(runtime/int)
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(errno == ERANGE || magnitude >= static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<typename BasicJsonType::size_type>::max)()))) // NOLINT(runtime/int)
-                    {
-                        return nullptr;
-                    }
-                    const auto idx = static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::size_type>(magnitude);

                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx >= ptr->m_data.m_value.array->size()))
                    {
@@ -748,6 +748,30 @@ using is_usable_as_key_type = typename std::conditional <
                              std::true_type,
                              std::false_type >::type;

+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+// type trait to check if KeyType can only be used as an object key after
+// converting it to std::string_view: it is convertible to std::string_view, the
+// object's comparator cannot compare it with object_t::key_type directly, but
+// can compare a std::string_view. JSON pointers and JSON iterators are ruled out
+// first, so that the conversion checks are never instantiated for them (a JSON
+// pointer's deprecated conversion to string_t would be named otherwise).
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename KeyTypeCVRef, typename KeyType = uncvref_t<KeyTypeCVRef>,
+           bool = is_json_pointer<KeyType>::value || is_json_iterator_of<BasicJsonType, KeyType>::value >
+struct is_string_view_convertible_key_type : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename KeyTypeCVRef, typename KeyType>
+struct is_string_view_convertible_key_type<BasicJsonType, KeyTypeCVRef, KeyType, false>
+    : std::integral_constant < bool,
+      std::is_convertible<KeyTypeCVRef, std::string_view>::value
+      && !is_usable_as_key_type<typename BasicJsonType::object_comparator_t,
+      typename BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type, KeyTypeCVRef, true, false>::value
+      && is_usable_as_key_type<typename BasicJsonType::object_comparator_t,
+      typename BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type, std::string_view, true, false>::value > {};
+#else
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename KeyTypeCVRef>
+struct is_string_view_convertible_key_type : std::false_type {};
+#endif
+
 // type trait to check if KeyType can be used as an object key
 // true if:
 //   - KeyType is comparable with BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type
@@ -761,9 +785,7 @@ using is_usable_as_basic_json_key_type = typename std::conditional <
     typename BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type, KeyTypeCVRef,
     RequireTransparentComparator, ExcludeObjectKeyType>::value
     && !is_json_iterator_of<BasicJsonType, KeyType>::value)
-#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
-    || std::is_convertible<KeyType, std::string_view>::value
-#endif
+    || is_string_view_convertible_key_type<BasicJsonType, KeyTypeCVRef>::value
    , std::true_type,
    std::false_type >::type;

@@ -807,6 +807,24 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
        return it;
    }

+    /// @brief the key to look up an object member with: the key itself, or its
+    ///        std::string_view if the object can only be searched with that
+    template < typename KeyType, detail::enable_if_t <
+                   !detail::is_string_view_convertible_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value, int > = 0 >
+    static KeyType && lookup_key(KeyType && key) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::forward<KeyType>(key);
+    }
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    template < typename KeyType, detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_string_view_convertible_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value, int > = 0 >
+    static std::string_view lookup_key(KeyType && key)
+    {
+        return std::forward<KeyType>(key);
+    }
+#endif
+
    /// @brief erase an element from the object and return the following one
    /// Not every map returns an iterator from erase(iterator): some containers
    /// (e.g., Abseil's hash maps) return void to avoid computing a successor
@@ -2767,7 +2785,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, detail::concat("cannot use at() with ", type_name()), this));
        }

-        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        if (it == m_data.m_value.object->end())
        {
            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, detail::concat("key '", string_t(std::forward<KeyType>(key)), "' not found"), this));
@@ -2805,7 +2823,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, detail::concat("cannot use at() with ", type_name()), this));
        }

-        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        if (it == m_data.m_value.object->end())
        {
            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, detail::concat("key '", string_t(std::forward<KeyType>(key)), "' not found"), this));
@@ -2948,7 +2966,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
        // operator[] only works for objects
        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
        {
-            auto result = m_data.m_value.object->emplace(std::forward<KeyType>(key), nullptr);
+            auto result = m_data.m_value.object->emplace(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)), nullptr);
            return set_parent(result.first->second);
        }

@@ -2964,7 +2982,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
        // const operator[] only works for objects
        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
        {
-            auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+            auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
            JSON_ASSERT(it != m_data.m_value.object->end());
            return it->second;
        }
@@ -2974,8 +2992,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

  private:
    template<typename KeyType>
-    using is_comparable_with_object_key = detail::is_comparable <
-        object_comparator_t, const typename object_t::key_type&, KeyType >;
+    using is_comparable_with_object_key = std::integral_constant < bool,
+        detail::is_comparable <
+            object_comparator_t, const typename object_t::key_type&, KeyType >::value
+        || detail::is_string_view_convertible_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value >;

    template<typename ValueType>
    using value_return_type = std::conditional <
@@ -3362,7 +3382,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, detail::concat("cannot use erase() with ", type_name()), this));
        }

-        const auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        const auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        if (it != m_data.m_value.object->end())
        {
            m_data.m_value.object->erase(it);
@@ -3389,7 +3409,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                 detail::is_usable_as_basic_json_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
    size_type erase(KeyType && key)
    {
-        return erase_internal(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        return erase_internal(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
    }

    /// @brief remove element from a JSON array given an index
@@ -3469,7 +3489,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

        if (is_object())
        {
-            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        }

        return result;
@@ -3485,7 +3505,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

        if (is_object())
        {
-            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        }

        return result;
@@ -3508,7 +3528,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    size_type count(KeyType && key) const
    {
        // return 0 for all nonobject types
-        return is_object() ? m_data.m_value.object->count(std::forward<KeyType>(key)) : 0;
+        return is_object() ? m_data.m_value.object->count(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key))) : 0;
    }

    /// @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object
@@ -3526,7 +3546,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
    bool contains(KeyType && key) const
    {
-        return is_object() && m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key)) != m_data.m_value.object->end();
+        return is_object() && m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key))) != m_data.m_value.object->end();
    }

    /// @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object given a JSON pointer
@@ -4756,6 +4756,30 @@ using is_usable_as_key_type = typename std::conditional <
                              std::true_type,
                              std::false_type >::type;

+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+// type trait to check if KeyType can only be used as an object key after
+// converting it to std::string_view: it is convertible to std::string_view, the
+// object's comparator cannot compare it with object_t::key_type directly, but
+// can compare a std::string_view. JSON pointers and JSON iterators are ruled out
+// first, so that the conversion checks are never instantiated for them (a JSON
+// pointer's deprecated conversion to string_t would be named otherwise).
+template < typename BasicJsonType, typename KeyTypeCVRef, typename KeyType = uncvref_t<KeyTypeCVRef>,
+           bool = is_json_pointer<KeyType>::value || is_json_iterator_of<BasicJsonType, KeyType>::value >
+struct is_string_view_convertible_key_type : std::false_type {};
+
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename KeyTypeCVRef, typename KeyType>
+struct is_string_view_convertible_key_type<BasicJsonType, KeyTypeCVRef, KeyType, false>
+    : std::integral_constant < bool,
+      std::is_convertible<KeyTypeCVRef, std::string_view>::value
+      && !is_usable_as_key_type<typename BasicJsonType::object_comparator_t,
+      typename BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type, KeyTypeCVRef, true, false>::value
+      && is_usable_as_key_type<typename BasicJsonType::object_comparator_t,
+      typename BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type, std::string_view, true, false>::value > {};
+#else
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename KeyTypeCVRef>
+struct is_string_view_convertible_key_type : std::false_type {};
+#endif
+
 // type trait to check if KeyType can be used as an object key
 // true if:
 //   - KeyType is comparable with BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type
@@ -4769,9 +4793,7 @@ using is_usable_as_basic_json_key_type = typename std::conditional <
     typename BasicJsonType::object_t::key_type, KeyTypeCVRef,
     RequireTransparentComparator, ExcludeObjectKeyType>::value
     && !is_json_iterator_of<BasicJsonType, KeyType>::value)
-#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
-    || std::is_convertible<KeyType, std::string_view>::value
-#endif
+    || is_string_view_convertible_key_type<BasicJsonType, KeyTypeCVRef>::value
    , std::true_type,
    std::false_type >::type;

@@ -20291,29 +20313,19 @@ class json_pointer
                        return nullptr;
                    }

-                    // tokens that array_index() rejects with parse_error.106/109
-                    // are passed on to it; all other tokens that it would reject
-                    // with out_of_range.404/410 are detected here, so that this
-                    // also works without exceptions
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.size() > 1 && !(reference_token[0] >= '1' && reference_token[0] <= '9')))
+                    // may throw parse_error.106/109 for a malformed index; an
+                    // index that is syntactically valid but cannot be
+                    // represented (out_of_range.404/410) is treated like an
+                    // out-of-range index below
+                    typename BasicJsonType::size_type idx{};
+                    JSON_TRY
                    {
-                        static_cast<void>(array_index<BasicJsonType>(reference_token)); // throws parse_error.106/109
+                        idx = array_index<BasicJsonType>(reference_token);
                    }
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(reference_token.empty() || !std::all_of(reference_token.begin(), reference_token.end(), [](const char c)
-                {
-                    return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
-                })))
+                    JSON_INTERNAL_CATCH (detail::out_of_range&)
                    {
                        return nullptr;
                    }
-                    errno = 0; // strtoull() does not reset errno on success
-                    char* p_end = nullptr; // NOLINT(misc-const-correctness)
-                    const unsigned long long magnitude = std::strtoull(reference_token.data(), &p_end, 10); // NOLINT(runtime/int)
-                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(errno == ERANGE || magnitude >= static_cast<unsigned long long>((std::numeric_limits<typename BasicJsonType::size_type>::max)()))) // NOLINT(runtime/int)
-                    {
-                        return nullptr;
-                    }
-                    const auto idx = static_cast<typename BasicJsonType::size_type>(magnitude);

                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(idx >= ptr->m_data.m_value.array->size()))
                    {
@@ -27744,6 +27756,24 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
        return it;
    }

+    /// @brief the key to look up an object member with: the key itself, or its
+    ///        std::string_view if the object can only be searched with that
+    template < typename KeyType, detail::enable_if_t <
+                   !detail::is_string_view_convertible_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value, int > = 0 >
+    static KeyType && lookup_key(KeyType && key) noexcept
+    {
+        return std::forward<KeyType>(key);
+    }
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+    template < typename KeyType, detail::enable_if_t <
+                   detail::is_string_view_convertible_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value, int > = 0 >
+    static std::string_view lookup_key(KeyType && key)
+    {
+        return std::forward<KeyType>(key);
+    }
+#endif
+
    /// @brief erase an element from the object and return the following one
    /// Not every map returns an iterator from erase(iterator): some containers
    /// (e.g., Abseil's hash maps) return void to avoid computing a successor
@@ -29704,7 +29734,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, detail::concat("cannot use at() with ", type_name()), this));
        }

-        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        if (it == m_data.m_value.object->end())
        {
            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, detail::concat("key '", string_t(std::forward<KeyType>(key)), "' not found"), this));
@@ -29742,7 +29772,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(304, detail::concat("cannot use at() with ", type_name()), this));
        }

-        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        if (it == m_data.m_value.object->end())
        {
            JSON_THROW(out_of_range::create(403, detail::concat("key '", string_t(std::forward<KeyType>(key)), "' not found"), this));
@@ -29885,7 +29915,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
        // operator[] only works for objects
        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
        {
-            auto result = m_data.m_value.object->emplace(std::forward<KeyType>(key), nullptr);
+            auto result = m_data.m_value.object->emplace(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)), nullptr);
            return set_parent(result.first->second);
        }

@@ -29901,7 +29931,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
        // const operator[] only works for objects
        if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(is_object()))
        {
-            auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+            auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
            JSON_ASSERT(it != m_data.m_value.object->end());
            return it->second;
        }
@@ -29911,8 +29941,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

  private:
    template<typename KeyType>
-    using is_comparable_with_object_key = detail::is_comparable <
-        object_comparator_t, const typename object_t::key_type&, KeyType >;
+    using is_comparable_with_object_key = std::integral_constant < bool,
+        detail::is_comparable <
+            object_comparator_t, const typename object_t::key_type&, KeyType >::value
+        || detail::is_string_view_convertible_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value >;

    template<typename ValueType>
    using value_return_type = std::conditional <
@@ -30299,7 +30331,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            JSON_THROW(type_error::create(307, detail::concat("cannot use erase() with ", type_name()), this));
        }

-        const auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        const auto it = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        if (it != m_data.m_value.object->end())
        {
            m_data.m_value.object->erase(it);
@@ -30326,7 +30358,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                 detail::is_usable_as_basic_json_key_type<basic_json_t, KeyType>::value, int> = 0>
    size_type erase(KeyType && key)
    {
-        return erase_internal(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+        return erase_internal(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
    }

    /// @brief remove element from a JSON array given an index
@@ -30406,7 +30438,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

        if (is_object())
        {
-            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        }

        return result;
@@ -30422,7 +30454,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec

        if (is_object())
        {
-            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key));
+            result.m_it.object_iterator = m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key)));
        }

        return result;
@@ -30445,7 +30477,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    size_type count(KeyType && key) const
    {
        // return 0 for all nonobject types
-        return is_object() ? m_data.m_value.object->count(std::forward<KeyType>(key)) : 0;
+        return is_object() ? m_data.m_value.object->count(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key))) : 0;
    }

    /// @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object
@@ -30463,7 +30495,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    JSON_HEDLEY_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
    bool contains(KeyType && key) const
    {
-        return is_object() && m_data.m_value.object->find(std::forward<KeyType>(key)) != m_data.m_value.object->end();
+        return is_object() && m_data.m_value.object->find(lookup_key(std::forward<KeyType>(key))) != m_data.m_value.object->end();
    }

    /// @brief check the existence of an element in a JSON object given a JSON pointer
@@ -47,21 +47,6 @@ TEST_CASE("Tests with disabled exceptions")
        delete sax_no_exception::error_string; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
    }

-    SECTION("issue #5672 - value(json_pointer, default) must not abort for array tokens that are not a valid index")
-    {
-        const json j = {1, 2, 3};
-
-        // a syntactically valid index that is out of range for this array
-        CHECK(j.value("/7"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-        // a reference token that is not a number at all
-        CHECK(j.value("/1a"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-        // the empty reference token (JSON pointer "/")
-        CHECK(j.value("/"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-        // an index whose magnitude does not fit into size_type
-        CHECK(j.value("/99999999999999999999999"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-        CHECK(j.value("/18446744073709551615"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-    }
-
    SECTION("growing an ordered_json object")
    {
        auto j = nlohmann::ordered_json::object();
@@ -516,21 +516,6 @@ TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("element access 2", Json, nlohmann::json, nlohmann::ordered_j
                    CHECK(j_array.value("/-"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
                    CHECK(j_array_const.value("/-"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);

-                    // Test an index with a non-digit after a valid leading digit; this is
-                    // out_of_range (not parse_error) and must not throw (see #5672)
-                    CHECK(j_array.value("/1a"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-                    CHECK(j_array_const.value("/1a"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-
-                    // Test the empty reference token (JSON pointer "/"); see #5672
-                    CHECK(j_array.value("/"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-                    CHECK(j_array_const.value("/"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-
-                    // Test an index whose magnitude does not fit into size_type (see #5672)
-                    CHECK(j_array.value("/99999999999999999999999"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-                    CHECK(j_array_const.value("/99999999999999999999999"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-                    CHECK(j_array.value("/18446744073709551615"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-                    CHECK(j_array_const.value("/18446744073709551615"_json_pointer, 42) == 42);
-
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
                    // Test malformed index (non-numeric) throws parse_error
                    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(j_array.value("/foo"_json_pointer, 1), "[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'foo' is not a number", typename Json::parse_error&);
@@ -1988,4 +1973,115 @@ TEST_CASE("operator[] with user-defined std::string_view-convertible types")
        }
    }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("keys convertible to std::string_view work with all lookup functions (regression test for #5663)")
+{
+    // a key type convertible only to std::string_view: the case #4958 added
+    // support for, but only the non-const operator[] compiled with it
+    struct ViewKey
+    {
+        operator std::string_view() const
+        {
+            return "a";
+        }
+    };
+
+    // a key type convertible to both std::string and std::string_view: with
+    // 3.12.0, such a key worked with at, the const operator[], find, count and
+    // contains via the conversion to std::string; #4958 made the KeyType&&
+    // templates win overload resolution for it instead, and those then failed
+    struct DualKey
+    {
+        operator std::string() const
+        {
+            return "a";
+        }
+        operator std::string_view() const
+        {
+            return "a";
+        }
+    };
+
+    SECTION("nlohmann::json")
+    {
+        using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+        SECTION("ViewKey")
+        {
+            json j = {{"a", 1}};
+            const json& cj = j;
+
+            CHECK(j[ViewKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(cj[ViewKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(j.at(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(cj.at(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.find(ViewKey{}) != j.end());
+            CHECK(cj.find(ViewKey{}) != cj.end());
+            CHECK(j.count(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.contains(ViewKey{}));
+            CHECK(j.value(ViewKey{}, 0) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.erase(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(!j.contains("a"));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("DualKey")
+        {
+            json j = {{"a", 1}};
+            const json& cj = j;
+
+            CHECK(j[DualKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(cj[DualKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(j.at(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(cj.at(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.find(DualKey{}) != j.end());
+            CHECK(cj.find(DualKey{}) != cj.end());
+            CHECK(j.count(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.contains(DualKey{}));
+            CHECK(j.value(DualKey{}, 0) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.erase(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(!j.contains("a"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("nlohmann::ordered_json")
+    {
+        using ordered_json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+        SECTION("ViewKey")
+        {
+            ordered_json j = {{"a", 1}};
+            const ordered_json& cj = j;
+
+            CHECK(j[ViewKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(cj[ViewKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(j.at(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(cj.at(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.find(ViewKey{}) != j.end());
+            CHECK(cj.find(ViewKey{}) != cj.end());
+            CHECK(j.count(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.contains(ViewKey{}));
+            CHECK(j.value(ViewKey{}, 0) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.erase(ViewKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(!j.contains("a"));
+        }
+
+        SECTION("DualKey")
+        {
+            ordered_json j = {{"a", 1}};
+            const ordered_json& cj = j;
+
+            CHECK(j[DualKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(cj[DualKey{}] == 1);
+            CHECK(j.at(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(cj.at(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.find(DualKey{}) != j.end());
+            CHECK(cj.find(DualKey{}) != cj.end());
+            CHECK(j.count(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.contains(DualKey{}));
+            CHECK(j.value(DualKey{}, 0) == 1);
+            CHECK(j.erase(DualKey{}) == 1);
+            CHECK(!j.contains("a"));
+        }
+    }
+}
 #endif