Stop excluding the Unicode tests in CI

The compiler matrix, icpc/icpx/nvhpc, the default-compiler job, the Windows MinGW and clang-cl jobs, and AppVeyor Debug builds excluded test-unicode because it took several minutes. It now takes ~20 s, so run it everywhere except under Valgrind. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
Merge the Unicode tests into unit-unicode.cpp
2026-09-28 02:30:32 +00:00 · 2026-09-27 22:07:47 +02:00 · 2026-09-27 22:07:46 +02:00 · 2026-09-27 22:00:35 +02:00 · 2026-09-27 22:00:34 +02:00 · 2026-09-27 21:48:35 +02:00
17 changed files with 2127 additions and 3317 deletions
@@ -83,9 +83,4 @@ build_script:
  - cmake --build . --config "%configuration%" --parallel 2

 test_script:
-  - if "%configuration%"=="Release" ctest -C "%configuration%" --parallel 2 --output-on-failure
-  # On Debug builds, skip test-unicode_all
-  # as it is extremely slow to run and cause
-  # occasional timeouts on AppVeyor.
-  # More info: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/1570
-  - if "%configuration%"=="Debug" ctest --exclude-regex "test-unicode" -C "%configuration%" --parallel 2 --output-on-failure
+  - ctest -C "%configuration%" --parallel 2 --output-on-failure
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build
        run: cmake --build build --parallel 10
      - name: Test
-        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --output-on-failure

  clang-cl-12:
    runs-on: windows-2022
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build
        run: cmake --build build --config Debug --parallel 10
      - name: Test
-        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+        run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --output-on-failure

  ci_module_cpp20:
    runs-on: windows-2022
@@ -413,13 +413,14 @@ add_custom_target(ci_test_single_header
 # Valgrind.
 ###############################################################################

+# The Unicode test (~17M assertions) is too slow under Valgrind.
 add_custom_target(ci_test_valgrind
    COMMAND CXX=${GCC_TOOL} ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_Valgrind=ON
        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind
-    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} -L valgrind --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_valgrind && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} -L valgrind --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
    COMMENT "Compile and test with Valgrind"
 )

@@ -717,7 +718,7 @@ foreach(COMPILER g++-4.8 g++-4.9 g++-5 g++-6 g++-7 g++-8 g++-9 g++-10 g++-11 cla
                -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER}
                ${ADDITIONAL_FLAGS}
            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER}
-            COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER} && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+            COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_${COMPILER} && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
            COMMENT "Compile and test with ${COMPILER}"
        )
    endif()
@@ -731,7 +732,7 @@ add_custom_target(ci_test_compiler_default
        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_default
        ${ADDITIONAL_FLAGS}
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_default --parallel ${N}
-    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_default && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-unicode" -LE git_required --output-on-failure
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_compiler_default && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} -LE git_required --output-on-failure
    COMMENT "Compile and test with default C++ compiler"
 )

@@ -769,7 +770,7 @@ add_custom_target(ci_icpc
        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpc
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpc
-    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpc && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpc && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
    COMMENT "Compile and test with ICPC"
 )

@@ -780,7 +781,7 @@ add_custom_target(ci_icpx
        -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
        -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpx
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpx
-    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpx && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_icpx && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
    COMMENT "Compile and test with ICPX (Intel oneAPI DPC++/C++)"
 )

@@ -816,7 +817,7 @@ add_custom_target(ci_nvhpc
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_nvhpc
    # the pipes are escaped so the surrounding shell passes them to ctest verbatim
    # instead of treating them as shell pipe operators
-    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_nvhpc && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-unicode\\|test-comparison_cpp20\\|test-comparison_legacy_cpp20\\|test-constructor1_cpp11\\|test-deserialization_cpp20" --output-on-failure
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_nvhpc && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --exclude-regex "test-comparison_cpp20\\|test-comparison_legacy_cpp20\\|test-constructor1_cpp11\\|test-deserialization_cpp20" --output-on-failure
    COMMENT "Compile and test with NVIDIA HPC SDK (nvc++)"
 )

@@ -6061,240 +6061,21 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    {
        // the patch
        basic_json result(value_t::array);
-        diff_recursively(result, source, target, path, 0);
-        return result;
-    }

-  private:
-    /// @brief two arrays or two objects @ref diff_iteratively is diffing
-    struct diff_frame
-    {
-        diff_frame(const basic_json* source_, const basic_json* target_, const std::size_t path_length_) noexcept
-            : source(source_), target(target_), path_length(path_length_)
-        {}
-
-        // declared for GCC's -Weffc++, which asks for them in a class with
-        // pointer members and a non-trivial destructor; the exception
-        // specifications are left implicit, as GCC 4.8 rejects explicit ones
-        // that differ from them
-        diff_frame(const diff_frame&) = default;
-        diff_frame(diff_frame&&) = default;
-        diff_frame& operator=(const diff_frame&) = default;
-        diff_frame& operator=(diff_frame&&) = default;
-        ~diff_frame() = default;
-
-        /// the values being diffed, both arrays or both objects
-        const basic_json* source;
-        const basic_json* target;
-        /// the length of their path in `current_path`
-        std::size_t path_length;
-        /// arrays: the next index to diff
-        std::size_t index = 0;
-        /// objects: the next member of source to look at
-        const_iterator member{}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-        /// objects: the keys common to both, in source's order
-        std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys{}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-        /// objects: the next entry of common_keys
-        std::size_t next_common = 0;
-        /// objects: the "add" operations for keys only target has
-        basic_json added_ops{}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-    };
-
-    // The operations of a diff are built by the functions below rather than
-    // where they are needed: building one takes several temporaries, and
-    // unoptimized builds give each temporary a stack slot of its own in the
-    // function it appears in. In diff_recursively, which is on the call stack
-    // once per nesting level, that made every level cost kilobytes of stack.
-
-    /// @brief append a "replace" operation for @a path with @a value to @a result
-    static void diff_replace(basic_json& result, const string_t& path, const basic_json& value)
-    {
-        result.push_back(
-        {
-            {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", value}
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// @brief append a "remove" operation for @a path to @a result
-    static void diff_remove(basic_json& result, const string_t& path)
-    {
-        result.push_back(object(
-        {
-            {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path}
-        }));
-    }
-
-    /// @brief append an "add" operation for @a path with @a value to @a result
-    static void diff_add(basic_json& result, const string_t& path, const basic_json& value)
-    {
-        result.push_back(
-        {
-            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path}, {"value", value}
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// @brief append the "remove" operations for the elements of array
-    ///        @a source from @a index on, and the "add" operations for the
-    ///        elements of array @a target from source's size on, to @a result
-    static void diff_array_tails(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path, const std::size_t index)
-    {
-        // remove my remaining elements, highest index first; appending
-        // in that order avoids the quadratic reinsertion done before
-        for (std::size_t j = source.size(); j > index; --j)
-        {
-            diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(j - 1)));
-        }
-
-        // add other remaining elements
-        for (std::size_t i = source.size(); i < target.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            diff_add(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, "/-"), target[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*!
-    @brief compare the keys of objects @a source and @a target
-
-    If the keys both objects have are in the same order in both, and the keys
-    only @a target has come after them, stores the keys common to both in
-    source's order in @a common_keys, stores the "add" operations for the keys
-    only @a target has in @a added_ops, and returns true: the caller then diffs
-    the objects member by member. Otherwise, appends operations that remove
-    every member of @a source and add every member of @a target to @a result,
-    and returns false.
-    */
-    static bool diff_object_keys(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path, std::vector<typename object_t::key_type>& common_keys,
-                                 basic_json& added_ops)
-    {
-        // first pass: record, for every source key, whether it is
-        // common to both objects (in source's iteration order) or
-        // was deleted (i.e., in source but not in target) -- this is
-        // a by-product of the target.find() call already needed to
-        // tell the two cases apart, so it adds no extra lookups. The
-        // "remove" ops themselves are emitted later, interleaved
-        // with the per-key diffs in the caller's fast path, to match
-        // source's original iteration order (as the original,
-        // pre-reordering-aware implementation did) instead of
-        // grouping all removes before all per-key diffs.
-        std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_source_order;
-        for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            if (target.find(it.key()) != target.end())
-            {
-                common_keys_source_order.push_back(it.key());
-            }
-        }
-
-        // second pass: find keys that were added (i.e., in target but
-        // not in source), and record the keys common to both, in
-        // target's iteration order -- again a by-product of the
-        // source.find() call already needed to detect added keys. At
-        // the same time, determine whether every added key comes
-        // after every common key in target's order (a precondition
-        // for the fast path, which only ever appends new keys
-        // at the very end): for an object_t whose iteration order is
-        // a pure function of the key set (e.g. the default std::map,
-        // which always iterates in sorted key order), the order
-        // check further below is always true and this whole
-        // mechanism is effectively a no-op; it only matters for a
-        // reorderable object_t such as the one backing `ordered_json`.
-        // The patch ops for keys that were added (i.e., in target but not
-        // in source) are built here so the fast path can reuse
-        // them without a second source.find() per target key. Only
-        // used by the fast path -- the slow (reordering) path
-        // rebuilds "add" ops for every key itself.
-        std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_target_order;
-        bool new_keys_form_suffix = true;
-        bool seen_new_key = false;
-        for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            if (source.find(it.key()) == source.end())
-            {
-                seen_new_key = true;
-                diff_add(added_ops, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())), it.value());
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                common_keys_target_order.push_back(it.key());
-                if (seen_new_key)
-                {
-                    new_keys_form_suffix = false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (common_keys_source_order == common_keys_target_order && new_keys_form_suffix)
-        {
-            // fast path: order of common keys already matches (or the
-            // object_t's iteration order does not depend on
-            // insertion history), so a plain per-key diff is correct
-            // and minimal, as before
-            common_keys = std::move(common_keys_source_order);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // slow path: the common keys are in a different relative
-        // order in source and target (only possible for a
-        // reorderable object_t like ordered_map). Building a
-        // minimal reordering patch is a nontrivial (LCS-like)
-        // problem; instead, remove every source key -- both
-        // deleted keys (which must be removed regardless) and
-        // common keys (removed so they can be re-added in
-        // target's order) -- and re-add every key that should
-        // remain, with its final target value, in target's
-        // order. basic_json::patch()'s "add" operation on an
-        // object uses operator[], which appends at the end for a
-        // vector-backed insertion-ordered map when the key does
-        // not already exist -- so removing a key and then adding
-        // it moves it to the end, fixing its position.
-        for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())));
-        }
-
-        // add every key that is either common (just removed
-        // above) or brand new, in target's iteration order, so
-        // that the final order after applying the patch matches
-        // target exactly
-        for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            diff_add(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())), it.value());
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /*!
-    @brief @ref diff, for values at nesting level @a depth, appending the
-           operations to @a result
-
-    Diffing two arrays or objects calls this function again, once per nesting
-    level, so values nested deeply enough used to exhaust the call stack and
-    terminate the process. The descent is bounded here: once @ref
-    detail::recursion_depth_limit levels have been entered, @ref
-    diff_iteratively diffs what is left without the call stack.
-    */
-    static void diff_recursively(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path, const std::size_t depth)
-    {
-        // if the values are the same, there is nothing to do
+        // if the values are the same, return an empty patch
        if (source == target)
        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(depth >= detail::recursion_depth_limit()))
-        {
-            diff_iteratively(result, source, target, path);
-            return;
+            return result;
        }

        if (source.type() != target.type())
        {
            // different types: replace value
-            diff_replace(result, path, target);
-            return;
+            result.push_back(
+            {
+                {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+            });
+            return result;
        }

        switch (source.type())
@@ -6306,50 +6087,185 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                while (i < source.size() && i < target.size())
                {
                    // recursive call to compare array values at index i
-                    diff_recursively(result, source[i], target[i], detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(i)), depth + 1);
+                    auto temp_diff = diff(source[i], target[i], detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(i)));
+                    result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
                    ++i;
                }

                // We now reached the end of at least one array
                // in a second pass, traverse the remaining elements
-                diff_array_tails(result, source, target, path, i);
+
+                // remove my remaining elements, highest index first; appending
+                // in that order avoids the quadratic reinsertion done before
+                for (std::size_t j = source.size(); j > i; --j)
+                {
+                    result.push_back(object(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "remove"},
+                        {"path", detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(j - 1))}
+                    }));
+                }
+                i = source.size();
+
+                // add other remaining elements
+                while (i < target.size())
+                {
+                    result.push_back(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "add"},
+                        {"path", detail::concat<string_t>(path, "/-")},
+                        {"value", target[i]}
+                    });
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
                break;
            }

            case value_t::object:
            {
-                std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys;
-                basic_json added_ops(value_t::array);
-                if (diff_object_keys(result, source, target, path, common_keys, added_ops))
+                // first pass: record, for every source key, whether it is
+                // common to both objects (in source's iteration order) or
+                // was deleted (i.e., in source but not in target) -- this is
+                // a by-product of the target.find() call already needed to
+                // tell the two cases apart, so it adds no extra lookups. The
+                // "remove" ops themselves are emitted later, interleaved
+                // with the recursive per-key diffs in the fast path below,
+                // to match source's original iteration order (as the
+                // original, pre-reordering-aware implementation did) instead
+                // of grouping all removes before all recursive diffs.
+                std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_source_order;
+                for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
                {
-                    // fast path: common_keys is, by construction, the
-                    // subsequence of source's keys that are common to both
-                    // objects, in source's iteration order -- so it can be
-                    // walked in lockstep with `source` using a cheap key
-                    // comparison instead of another lookup. Deleted keys
-                    // (those source keys not in common_keys) are interleaved
-                    // here too, in source's original order, to match the
-                    // historical (pre-reordering-aware) output order.
-                    auto common_it = common_keys.cbegin();
+                    if (target.find(it.key()) != target.end())
+                    {
+                        common_keys_source_order.push_back(it.key());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // second pass: find keys that were added (i.e., in target but
+                // not in source), and record the keys common to both, in
+                // target's iteration order -- again a by-product of the
+                // source.find() call already needed to detect added keys. At
+                // the same time, determine whether every added key comes
+                // after every common key in target's order (a precondition
+                // for the fast path below, which only ever appends new keys
+                // at the very end): for an object_t whose iteration order is
+                // a pure function of the key set (e.g. the default std::map,
+                // which always iterates in sorted key order), the order
+                // check further below is always true and this whole
+                // mechanism is effectively a no-op; it only matters for a
+                // reorderable object_t such as the one backing `ordered_json`.
+                // patch ops for keys that were added (i.e., in target but not
+                // in source); built here so the fast path below can reuse
+                // them without a second source.find() per target key. Only
+                // used by the fast path -- the slow (reordering) path
+                // rebuilds "add" ops for every key itself.
+                std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_target_order;
+                basic_json added_ops(value_t::array);
+                bool new_keys_form_suffix = true;
+                bool seen_new_key = false;
+                for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
+                {
+                    if (source.find(it.key()) == source.end())
+                    {
+                        seen_new_key = true;
+                        const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                        added_ops.push_back(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path_key},
+                            {"value", it.value()}
+                        });
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        common_keys_target_order.push_back(it.key());
+                        if (seen_new_key)
+                        {
+                            new_keys_form_suffix = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (common_keys_source_order == common_keys_target_order && new_keys_form_suffix)
+                {
+                    // fast path: order of common keys already matches (or the
+                    // object_t's iteration order does not depend on
+                    // insertion history), so a plain per-key recursive diff
+                    // is correct and minimal, as before. common_keys_source_order
+                    // is, by construction, the subsequence of source's keys
+                    // that are common to both objects, in source's iteration
+                    // order -- so it can be walked in lockstep with `source`
+                    // using a cheap key comparison instead of another lookup.
+                    // Deleted keys (those source keys not in common_keys_source_order)
+                    // are interleaved here too, in source's original order, to
+                    // match the historical (pre-reordering-aware) output order.
+                    auto common_it = common_keys_source_order.cbegin();
                    for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
                    {
-                        if (common_it != common_keys.cend() && it.key() == *common_it)
+                        if (common_it != common_keys_source_order.cend() && it.key() == *common_it)
                        {
-                            diff_recursively(result, it.value(), target[it.key()], detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())), depth + 1);
+                            const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                            auto temp_diff = diff(it.value(), target[it.key()], path_key);
+                            result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
                            ++common_it;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // found a key that is not in target -> remove it
-                            diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())));
+                            const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                            result.push_back(object(
+                            {
+                                {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path_key}
+                            }));
                        }
                    }

-                    // append the "add" ops for brand-new keys collected by
-                    // diff_object_keys -- no second source.find() per target
-                    // key needed
+                    // append the "add" ops for brand-new keys collected above
+                    // during the pass over target -- no second source.find()
+                    // per target key needed
                    result.insert(result.end(), added_ops.begin(), added_ops.end());
                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // slow path: the common keys are in a different relative
+                    // order in source and target (only possible for a
+                    // reorderable object_t like ordered_map). Building a
+                    // minimal reordering patch is a nontrivial (LCS-like)
+                    // problem; instead, remove every source key -- both
+                    // deleted keys (which must be removed regardless) and
+                    // common keys (removed so they can be re-added in
+                    // target's order) -- and re-add every key that should
+                    // remain, with its final target value, in target's
+                    // order. basic_json::patch()'s "add" operation on an
+                    // object uses operator[], which appends at the end for a
+                    // vector-backed insertion-ordered map when the key does
+                    // not already exist -- so removing a key and then adding
+                    // it moves it to the end, fixing its position.
+                    for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
+                    {
+                        const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                        result.push_back(object(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path_key}
+                        }));
+                    }
+
+                    // add every key that is either common (just removed
+                    // above) or brand new, in target's iteration order, so
+                    // that the final order after applying the patch matches
+                    // target exactly
+                    for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
+                    {
+                        const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                        result.push_back(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path_key},
+                            {"value", it.value()}
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+
                break;
            }

@@ -6364,170 +6280,16 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            default:
            {
                // both primitive types: replace value
-                diff_replace(result, path, target);
+                result.push_back(
+                {
+                    {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+                });
                break;
            }
        }
+
+        return result;
    }
-
-    /*!
-    @brief @ref diff without the call stack, appending the operations to
-           @a result
-
-    Produces the same operations as @ref diff_recursively. Only reached for
-    values nested more deeply than @ref detail::recursion_depth_limit.
-    */
-    static void diff_iteratively(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path)
-    {
-        // The arrays and objects being diffed are kept on an explicit stack,
-        // and every pair of elements is still diffed completely before the
-        // next one, so the operations come out in the same order as in
-        // diff_recursively. The path of the values being diffed is kept in
-        // one buffer that grows and shrinks with the stack, rather than in a
-        // new string per level.
-        std::vector<diff_frame> stack;
-        string_t current_path = path;
-
-        // diff `s` against `t`, whose path is current_path: primitives,
-        // values of different types, and objects whose members were reordered
-        // are handled right away; arrays and other objects get a frame
-        const auto enter = [&result, &stack, &current_path](const basic_json & s, const basic_json & t)
-        {
-            // if the values are the same, there is nothing to do. Arrays and
-            // objects are not compared up front: comparing them visits
-            // everything below them, so doing that at every level would take
-            // quadratic time in the nesting depth - equal ones yield no
-            // operations anyway.
-            if ((!s.is_structured() || !t.is_structured()) && s == t)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (s.type() != t.type())
-            {
-                // different types: replace value
-                diff_replace(result, current_path, t);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            switch (s.type())
-            {
-                case value_t::array:
-                {
-                    stack.emplace_back(&s, &t, current_path.size());
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                case value_t::object:
-                {
-                    std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys;
-                    basic_json added_ops(value_t::array);
-                    if (diff_object_keys(result, s, t, current_path, common_keys, added_ops))
-                    {
-                        // fast path: the frame walks source in lockstep with
-                        // common_keys, as diff_recursively does, and appends
-                        // added_ops once all members are done
-                        stack.emplace_back(&s, &t, current_path.size());
-                        stack.back().member = s.cbegin();
-                        stack.back().common_keys = std::move(common_keys);
-                        stack.back().added_ops = std::move(added_ops);
-                    }
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                case value_t::null:
-                case value_t::string:
-                case value_t::boolean:
-                case value_t::number_integer:
-                case value_t::number_unsigned:
-                case value_t::number_float:
-                case value_t::binary:
-                case value_t::discarded:
-                default:
-                {
-                    // both primitive types: replace value
-                    diff_replace(result, current_path, t);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        enter(source, target);
-        while (!stack.empty())
-        {
-            // the frame is copied out member by member and changed through
-            // stack.back(): enter() may push a frame and the end of the loop
-            // pops it, either of which would invalidate a reference to it
-            const basic_json* const s = stack.back().source;
-            const basic_json* const t = stack.back().target;
-            const std::size_t path_length = stack.back().path_length;
-            const std::size_t depth = stack.size();
-
-            if (s->is_array())
-            {
-                const auto& source_array = *s->m_data.m_value.array;
-                const auto& target_array = *t->m_data.m_value.array;
-
-                // first pass: traverse common elements
-                const std::size_t i = stack.back().index;
-                if (i < source_array.size() && i < target_array.size())
-                {
-                    ++stack.back().index;
-                    detail::concat_into(current_path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(i));
-                    enter(source_array[i], target_array[i]);
-                    if (stack.size() == depth)
-                    {
-                        current_path.resize(path_length);
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // We now reached the end of at least one array
-                // in a second pass, traverse the remaining elements
-                diff_array_tails(result, *s, *t, current_path, i);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                const const_iterator it = stack.back().member;
-                if (it != s->cend())
-                {
-                    ++stack.back().member;
-                    const std::size_t next_common = stack.back().next_common;
-                    if (next_common < stack.back().common_keys.size() && it.key() == stack.back().common_keys[next_common])
-                    {
-                        ++stack.back().next_common;
-                        const basic_json& target_value = (*t)[it.key()];
-                        detail::concat_into(current_path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
-                        enter(it.value(), target_value);
-                        if (stack.size() == depth)
-                        {
-                            current_path.resize(path_length);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // found a key that is not in target -> remove it
-                        diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(current_path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())));
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // append the "add" ops for brand-new keys collected when the
-                // object was entered
-                result.insert(result.end(), stack.back().added_ops.begin(), stack.back().added_ops.end());
-            }
-
-            // this array or object is done: continue with the one it is in
-            stack.pop_back();
-            if (!stack.empty())
-            {
-                current_path.resize(stack.back().path_length);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-  public:
    /// @}

    ////////////////////////////////
@@ -31944,240 +31944,21 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
    {
        // the patch
        basic_json result(value_t::array);
-        diff_recursively(result, source, target, path, 0);
-        return result;
-    }

-  private:
-    /// @brief two arrays or two objects @ref diff_iteratively is diffing
-    struct diff_frame
-    {
-        diff_frame(const basic_json* source_, const basic_json* target_, const std::size_t path_length_) noexcept
-            : source(source_), target(target_), path_length(path_length_)
-        {}
-
-        // declared for GCC's -Weffc++, which asks for them in a class with
-        // pointer members and a non-trivial destructor; the exception
-        // specifications are left implicit, as GCC 4.8 rejects explicit ones
-        // that differ from them
-        diff_frame(const diff_frame&) = default;
-        diff_frame(diff_frame&&) = default;
-        diff_frame& operator=(const diff_frame&) = default;
-        diff_frame& operator=(diff_frame&&) = default;
-        ~diff_frame() = default;
-
-        /// the values being diffed, both arrays or both objects
-        const basic_json* source;
-        const basic_json* target;
-        /// the length of their path in `current_path`
-        std::size_t path_length;
-        /// arrays: the next index to diff
-        std::size_t index = 0;
-        /// objects: the next member of source to look at
-        const_iterator member{}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-        /// objects: the keys common to both, in source's order
-        std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys{}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-        /// objects: the next entry of common_keys
-        std::size_t next_common = 0;
-        /// objects: the "add" operations for keys only target has
-        basic_json added_ops{}; // NOLINT(readability-redundant-member-init)
-    };
-
-    // The operations of a diff are built by the functions below rather than
-    // where they are needed: building one takes several temporaries, and
-    // unoptimized builds give each temporary a stack slot of its own in the
-    // function it appears in. In diff_recursively, which is on the call stack
-    // once per nesting level, that made every level cost kilobytes of stack.
-
-    /// @brief append a "replace" operation for @a path with @a value to @a result
-    static void diff_replace(basic_json& result, const string_t& path, const basic_json& value)
-    {
-        result.push_back(
-        {
-            {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", value}
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// @brief append a "remove" operation for @a path to @a result
-    static void diff_remove(basic_json& result, const string_t& path)
-    {
-        result.push_back(object(
-        {
-            {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path}
-        }));
-    }
-
-    /// @brief append an "add" operation for @a path with @a value to @a result
-    static void diff_add(basic_json& result, const string_t& path, const basic_json& value)
-    {
-        result.push_back(
-        {
-            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path}, {"value", value}
-        });
-    }
-
-    /// @brief append the "remove" operations for the elements of array
-    ///        @a source from @a index on, and the "add" operations for the
-    ///        elements of array @a target from source's size on, to @a result
-    static void diff_array_tails(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path, const std::size_t index)
-    {
-        // remove my remaining elements, highest index first; appending
-        // in that order avoids the quadratic reinsertion done before
-        for (std::size_t j = source.size(); j > index; --j)
-        {
-            diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(j - 1)));
-        }
-
-        // add other remaining elements
-        for (std::size_t i = source.size(); i < target.size(); ++i)
-        {
-            diff_add(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, "/-"), target[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*!
-    @brief compare the keys of objects @a source and @a target
-
-    If the keys both objects have are in the same order in both, and the keys
-    only @a target has come after them, stores the keys common to both in
-    source's order in @a common_keys, stores the "add" operations for the keys
-    only @a target has in @a added_ops, and returns true: the caller then diffs
-    the objects member by member. Otherwise, appends operations that remove
-    every member of @a source and add every member of @a target to @a result,
-    and returns false.
-    */
-    static bool diff_object_keys(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path, std::vector<typename object_t::key_type>& common_keys,
-                                 basic_json& added_ops)
-    {
-        // first pass: record, for every source key, whether it is
-        // common to both objects (in source's iteration order) or
-        // was deleted (i.e., in source but not in target) -- this is
-        // a by-product of the target.find() call already needed to
-        // tell the two cases apart, so it adds no extra lookups. The
-        // "remove" ops themselves are emitted later, interleaved
-        // with the per-key diffs in the caller's fast path, to match
-        // source's original iteration order (as the original,
-        // pre-reordering-aware implementation did) instead of
-        // grouping all removes before all per-key diffs.
-        std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_source_order;
-        for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            if (target.find(it.key()) != target.end())
-            {
-                common_keys_source_order.push_back(it.key());
-            }
-        }
-
-        // second pass: find keys that were added (i.e., in target but
-        // not in source), and record the keys common to both, in
-        // target's iteration order -- again a by-product of the
-        // source.find() call already needed to detect added keys. At
-        // the same time, determine whether every added key comes
-        // after every common key in target's order (a precondition
-        // for the fast path, which only ever appends new keys
-        // at the very end): for an object_t whose iteration order is
-        // a pure function of the key set (e.g. the default std::map,
-        // which always iterates in sorted key order), the order
-        // check further below is always true and this whole
-        // mechanism is effectively a no-op; it only matters for a
-        // reorderable object_t such as the one backing `ordered_json`.
-        // The patch ops for keys that were added (i.e., in target but not
-        // in source) are built here so the fast path can reuse
-        // them without a second source.find() per target key. Only
-        // used by the fast path -- the slow (reordering) path
-        // rebuilds "add" ops for every key itself.
-        std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_target_order;
-        bool new_keys_form_suffix = true;
-        bool seen_new_key = false;
-        for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            if (source.find(it.key()) == source.end())
-            {
-                seen_new_key = true;
-                diff_add(added_ops, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())), it.value());
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                common_keys_target_order.push_back(it.key());
-                if (seen_new_key)
-                {
-                    new_keys_form_suffix = false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (common_keys_source_order == common_keys_target_order && new_keys_form_suffix)
-        {
-            // fast path: order of common keys already matches (or the
-            // object_t's iteration order does not depend on
-            // insertion history), so a plain per-key diff is correct
-            // and minimal, as before
-            common_keys = std::move(common_keys_source_order);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // slow path: the common keys are in a different relative
-        // order in source and target (only possible for a
-        // reorderable object_t like ordered_map). Building a
-        // minimal reordering patch is a nontrivial (LCS-like)
-        // problem; instead, remove every source key -- both
-        // deleted keys (which must be removed regardless) and
-        // common keys (removed so they can be re-added in
-        // target's order) -- and re-add every key that should
-        // remain, with its final target value, in target's
-        // order. basic_json::patch()'s "add" operation on an
-        // object uses operator[], which appends at the end for a
-        // vector-backed insertion-ordered map when the key does
-        // not already exist -- so removing a key and then adding
-        // it moves it to the end, fixing its position.
-        for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())));
-        }
-
-        // add every key that is either common (just removed
-        // above) or brand new, in target's iteration order, so
-        // that the final order after applying the patch matches
-        // target exactly
-        for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
-        {
-            diff_add(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())), it.value());
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    /*!
-    @brief @ref diff, for values at nesting level @a depth, appending the
-           operations to @a result
-
-    Diffing two arrays or objects calls this function again, once per nesting
-    level, so values nested deeply enough used to exhaust the call stack and
-    terminate the process. The descent is bounded here: once @ref
-    detail::recursion_depth_limit levels have been entered, @ref
-    diff_iteratively diffs what is left without the call stack.
-    */
-    static void diff_recursively(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path, const std::size_t depth)
-    {
-        // if the values are the same, there is nothing to do
+        // if the values are the same, return an empty patch
        if (source == target)
        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(depth >= detail::recursion_depth_limit()))
-        {
-            diff_iteratively(result, source, target, path);
-            return;
+            return result;
        }

        if (source.type() != target.type())
        {
            // different types: replace value
-            diff_replace(result, path, target);
-            return;
+            result.push_back(
+            {
+                {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+            });
+            return result;
        }

        switch (source.type())
@@ -32189,50 +31970,185 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
                while (i < source.size() && i < target.size())
                {
                    // recursive call to compare array values at index i
-                    diff_recursively(result, source[i], target[i], detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(i)), depth + 1);
+                    auto temp_diff = diff(source[i], target[i], detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(i)));
+                    result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
                    ++i;
                }

                // We now reached the end of at least one array
                // in a second pass, traverse the remaining elements
-                diff_array_tails(result, source, target, path, i);
+
+                // remove my remaining elements, highest index first; appending
+                // in that order avoids the quadratic reinsertion done before
+                for (std::size_t j = source.size(); j > i; --j)
+                {
+                    result.push_back(object(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "remove"},
+                        {"path", detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(j - 1))}
+                    }));
+                }
+                i = source.size();
+
+                // add other remaining elements
+                while (i < target.size())
+                {
+                    result.push_back(
+                    {
+                        {"op", "add"},
+                        {"path", detail::concat<string_t>(path, "/-")},
+                        {"value", target[i]}
+                    });
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
                break;
            }

            case value_t::object:
            {
-                std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys;
-                basic_json added_ops(value_t::array);
-                if (diff_object_keys(result, source, target, path, common_keys, added_ops))
+                // first pass: record, for every source key, whether it is
+                // common to both objects (in source's iteration order) or
+                // was deleted (i.e., in source but not in target) -- this is
+                // a by-product of the target.find() call already needed to
+                // tell the two cases apart, so it adds no extra lookups. The
+                // "remove" ops themselves are emitted later, interleaved
+                // with the recursive per-key diffs in the fast path below,
+                // to match source's original iteration order (as the
+                // original, pre-reordering-aware implementation did) instead
+                // of grouping all removes before all recursive diffs.
+                std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_source_order;
+                for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
                {
-                    // fast path: common_keys is, by construction, the
-                    // subsequence of source's keys that are common to both
-                    // objects, in source's iteration order -- so it can be
-                    // walked in lockstep with `source` using a cheap key
-                    // comparison instead of another lookup. Deleted keys
-                    // (those source keys not in common_keys) are interleaved
-                    // here too, in source's original order, to match the
-                    // historical (pre-reordering-aware) output order.
-                    auto common_it = common_keys.cbegin();
+                    if (target.find(it.key()) != target.end())
+                    {
+                        common_keys_source_order.push_back(it.key());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // second pass: find keys that were added (i.e., in target but
+                // not in source), and record the keys common to both, in
+                // target's iteration order -- again a by-product of the
+                // source.find() call already needed to detect added keys. At
+                // the same time, determine whether every added key comes
+                // after every common key in target's order (a precondition
+                // for the fast path below, which only ever appends new keys
+                // at the very end): for an object_t whose iteration order is
+                // a pure function of the key set (e.g. the default std::map,
+                // which always iterates in sorted key order), the order
+                // check further below is always true and this whole
+                // mechanism is effectively a no-op; it only matters for a
+                // reorderable object_t such as the one backing `ordered_json`.
+                // patch ops for keys that were added (i.e., in target but not
+                // in source); built here so the fast path below can reuse
+                // them without a second source.find() per target key. Only
+                // used by the fast path -- the slow (reordering) path
+                // rebuilds "add" ops for every key itself.
+                std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys_target_order;
+                basic_json added_ops(value_t::array);
+                bool new_keys_form_suffix = true;
+                bool seen_new_key = false;
+                for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
+                {
+                    if (source.find(it.key()) == source.end())
+                    {
+                        seen_new_key = true;
+                        const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                        added_ops.push_back(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path_key},
+                            {"value", it.value()}
+                        });
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        common_keys_target_order.push_back(it.key());
+                        if (seen_new_key)
+                        {
+                            new_keys_form_suffix = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (common_keys_source_order == common_keys_target_order && new_keys_form_suffix)
+                {
+                    // fast path: order of common keys already matches (or the
+                    // object_t's iteration order does not depend on
+                    // insertion history), so a plain per-key recursive diff
+                    // is correct and minimal, as before. common_keys_source_order
+                    // is, by construction, the subsequence of source's keys
+                    // that are common to both objects, in source's iteration
+                    // order -- so it can be walked in lockstep with `source`
+                    // using a cheap key comparison instead of another lookup.
+                    // Deleted keys (those source keys not in common_keys_source_order)
+                    // are interleaved here too, in source's original order, to
+                    // match the historical (pre-reordering-aware) output order.
+                    auto common_it = common_keys_source_order.cbegin();
                    for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
                    {
-                        if (common_it != common_keys.cend() && it.key() == *common_it)
+                        if (common_it != common_keys_source_order.cend() && it.key() == *common_it)
                        {
-                            diff_recursively(result, it.value(), target[it.key()], detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())), depth + 1);
+                            const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                            auto temp_diff = diff(it.value(), target[it.key()], path_key);
+                            result.insert(result.end(), temp_diff.begin(), temp_diff.end());
                            ++common_it;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            // found a key that is not in target -> remove it
-                            diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())));
+                            const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                            result.push_back(object(
+                            {
+                                {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path_key}
+                            }));
                        }
                    }

-                    // append the "add" ops for brand-new keys collected by
-                    // diff_object_keys -- no second source.find() per target
-                    // key needed
+                    // append the "add" ops for brand-new keys collected above
+                    // during the pass over target -- no second source.find()
+                    // per target key needed
                    result.insert(result.end(), added_ops.begin(), added_ops.end());
                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // slow path: the common keys are in a different relative
+                    // order in source and target (only possible for a
+                    // reorderable object_t like ordered_map). Building a
+                    // minimal reordering patch is a nontrivial (LCS-like)
+                    // problem; instead, remove every source key -- both
+                    // deleted keys (which must be removed regardless) and
+                    // common keys (removed so they can be re-added in
+                    // target's order) -- and re-add every key that should
+                    // remain, with its final target value, in target's
+                    // order. basic_json::patch()'s "add" operation on an
+                    // object uses operator[], which appends at the end for a
+                    // vector-backed insertion-ordered map when the key does
+                    // not already exist -- so removing a key and then adding
+                    // it moves it to the end, fixing its position.
+                    for (auto it = source.cbegin(); it != source.cend(); ++it)
+                    {
+                        const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                        result.push_back(object(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "remove"}, {"path", path_key}
+                        }));
+                    }
+
+                    // add every key that is either common (just removed
+                    // above) or brand new, in target's iteration order, so
+                    // that the final order after applying the patch matches
+                    // target exactly
+                    for (auto it = target.cbegin(); it != target.cend(); ++it)
+                    {
+                        const auto path_key = detail::concat<string_t>(path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
+                        result.push_back(
+                        {
+                            {"op", "add"}, {"path", path_key},
+                            {"value", it.value()}
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+
                break;
            }

@@ -32247,170 +32163,16 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
            default:
            {
                // both primitive types: replace value
-                diff_replace(result, path, target);
+                result.push_back(
+                {
+                    {"op", "replace"}, {"path", path}, {"value", target}
+                });
                break;
            }
        }
+
+        return result;
    }
-
-    /*!
-    @brief @ref diff without the call stack, appending the operations to
-           @a result
-
-    Produces the same operations as @ref diff_recursively. Only reached for
-    values nested more deeply than @ref detail::recursion_depth_limit.
-    */
-    static void diff_iteratively(basic_json& result, const basic_json& source, const basic_json& target,
-                                 const string_t& path)
-    {
-        // The arrays and objects being diffed are kept on an explicit stack,
-        // and every pair of elements is still diffed completely before the
-        // next one, so the operations come out in the same order as in
-        // diff_recursively. The path of the values being diffed is kept in
-        // one buffer that grows and shrinks with the stack, rather than in a
-        // new string per level.
-        std::vector<diff_frame> stack;
-        string_t current_path = path;
-
-        // diff `s` against `t`, whose path is current_path: primitives,
-        // values of different types, and objects whose members were reordered
-        // are handled right away; arrays and other objects get a frame
-        const auto enter = [&result, &stack, &current_path](const basic_json & s, const basic_json & t)
-        {
-            // if the values are the same, there is nothing to do. Arrays and
-            // objects are not compared up front: comparing them visits
-            // everything below them, so doing that at every level would take
-            // quadratic time in the nesting depth - equal ones yield no
-            // operations anyway.
-            if ((!s.is_structured() || !t.is_structured()) && s == t)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (s.type() != t.type())
-            {
-                // different types: replace value
-                diff_replace(result, current_path, t);
-                return;
-            }
-
-            switch (s.type())
-            {
-                case value_t::array:
-                {
-                    stack.emplace_back(&s, &t, current_path.size());
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                case value_t::object:
-                {
-                    std::vector<typename object_t::key_type> common_keys;
-                    basic_json added_ops(value_t::array);
-                    if (diff_object_keys(result, s, t, current_path, common_keys, added_ops))
-                    {
-                        // fast path: the frame walks source in lockstep with
-                        // common_keys, as diff_recursively does, and appends
-                        // added_ops once all members are done
-                        stack.emplace_back(&s, &t, current_path.size());
-                        stack.back().member = s.cbegin();
-                        stack.back().common_keys = std::move(common_keys);
-                        stack.back().added_ops = std::move(added_ops);
-                    }
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                case value_t::null:
-                case value_t::string:
-                case value_t::boolean:
-                case value_t::number_integer:
-                case value_t::number_unsigned:
-                case value_t::number_float:
-                case value_t::binary:
-                case value_t::discarded:
-                default:
-                {
-                    // both primitive types: replace value
-                    diff_replace(result, current_path, t);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        enter(source, target);
-        while (!stack.empty())
-        {
-            // the frame is copied out member by member and changed through
-            // stack.back(): enter() may push a frame and the end of the loop
-            // pops it, either of which would invalidate a reference to it
-            const basic_json* const s = stack.back().source;
-            const basic_json* const t = stack.back().target;
-            const std::size_t path_length = stack.back().path_length;
-            const std::size_t depth = stack.size();
-
-            if (s->is_array())
-            {
-                const auto& source_array = *s->m_data.m_value.array;
-                const auto& target_array = *t->m_data.m_value.array;
-
-                // first pass: traverse common elements
-                const std::size_t i = stack.back().index;
-                if (i < source_array.size() && i < target_array.size())
-                {
-                    ++stack.back().index;
-                    detail::concat_into(current_path, '/', detail::to_string<string_t>(i));
-                    enter(source_array[i], target_array[i]);
-                    if (stack.size() == depth)
-                    {
-                        current_path.resize(path_length);
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // We now reached the end of at least one array
-                // in a second pass, traverse the remaining elements
-                diff_array_tails(result, *s, *t, current_path, i);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                const const_iterator it = stack.back().member;
-                if (it != s->cend())
-                {
-                    ++stack.back().member;
-                    const std::size_t next_common = stack.back().next_common;
-                    if (next_common < stack.back().common_keys.size() && it.key() == stack.back().common_keys[next_common])
-                    {
-                        ++stack.back().next_common;
-                        const basic_json& target_value = (*t)[it.key()];
-                        detail::concat_into(current_path, '/', detail::escape(it.key()));
-                        enter(it.value(), target_value);
-                        if (stack.size() == depth)
-                        {
-                            current_path.resize(path_length);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // found a key that is not in target -> remove it
-                        diff_remove(result, detail::concat<string_t>(current_path, '/', detail::escape(it.key())));
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // append the "add" ops for brand-new keys collected when the
-                // object was entered
-                result.insert(result.end(), stack.back().added_ops.begin(), stack.back().added_ops.end());
-            }
-
-            // this array or object is done: continue with the one it is in
-            stack.pop_back();
-            if (!stack.empty())
-            {
-                current_path.resize(stack.back().path_length);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-  public:
    /// @}

    ////////////////////////////////
@@ -129,9 +129,6 @@ json_test_set_test_options(test-disabled_exceptions
        #$<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/EH>
 )

-# raise timeout of expensive Unicode test
-json_test_set_test_options(test-unicode4 TEST_PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 3000)
-
 #############################################################################
 # add unit tests
 #############################################################################
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@

 #pragma once

+#include <array> // array
 #include <cstdint> // uint8_t
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <fstream> // ifstream, istreambuf_iterator, ios
@@ -42,6 +43,33 @@ T next_integer_sample(T i, T last, T stride)
    return n < last ? n : last;
 }

+// UTF-8 continuation bytes in [lo, hi] that stand in for all of them in the
+// ill-formed UTF-8 tests. Both the lexer's range checks and the serializer's
+// decoder (detail::decode) only distinguish the classes 0x80..0x8F, 0x90..0x9F,
+// and 0xA0..0xBF, so the first and last byte of each class within [lo, hi]
+// exercise every behavior while a test sweeps another byte position through
+// all 256 values (#5418). Define JSON_TEST_UTF8_EXHAUSTIVE to get every byte.
+inline std::vector<int> utf8_continuation_bytes(int lo, int hi)
+{
+    std::vector<int> result;
+#ifdef JSON_TEST_UTF8_EXHAUSTIVE
+    for (int byte = lo; byte <= hi; ++byte)
+    {
+        result.push_back(byte);
+    }
+#else
+    static const std::array<int, 6> class_ends = {{0x80, 0x8F, 0x90, 0x9F, 0xA0, 0xBF}};
+    for (const int byte : class_ends)
+    {
+        if (lo <= byte && byte <= hi)
+        {
+            result.push_back(byte);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    return result;
+}
+
 inline std::vector<std::uint8_t> read_binary_file(const std::string& filename)
 {
    std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary);
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ using nlohmann::json;
 #include <fstream>
 #include "make_test_data_available.hpp"

-TEST_CASE("Binary Formats" * doctest::skip())
+TEST_CASE("Binary Formats")
 {
    SECTION("canada.json")
    {
@@ -142,48 +142,6 @@ TEST_CASE("Binary Formats" * doctest::skip())
        CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(84.963));
    }

-    SECTION("jeopardy.json")
-    {
-        const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json";
-        json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
-
-        const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
-        const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
-        const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
-        const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
-        const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
-        const auto bson_size = json::to_bson({{"", j}}).size(); // wrap array in object for BSON
-        const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
-        const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
-        const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
-        const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
-        const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
-
-        CHECK(json_size == 52508728);
-        CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 50710965);
-        CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 51144830);
-        CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 51144830);
-        CHECK(bon8_size == 45942080);
-        CHECK(bson_size == 56008520);
-        CHECK(cbor_size == 46187320);
-        CHECK(msgpack_size == 46158575);
-        CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 50710965);
-        CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 51144830);
-        CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 49861422);
-
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(96.576));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.494));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(bson_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(106.665));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.961));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.906));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(96.576));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
-        CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(94.958));
-    }
-
    SECTION("sample.json")
    {
        const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json";
@@ -224,3 +182,47 @@ TEST_CASE("Binary Formats" * doctest::skip())
        CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(89.450));
    }
 }
+
+// jeopardy.json is 52 MB and produces ~500 MB of serialization output, so it
+// is kept apart from the cheap corpus files above (#5418)
+TEST_CASE("Binary Formats (jeopardy.json)" * doctest::skip())
+{
+    const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json";
+    json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
+
+    const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
+    const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
+    const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
+    const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
+    const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
+    const auto bson_size = json::to_bson({{"", j}}).size(); // wrap array in object for BSON
+    const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
+    const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
+    const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
+    const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
+    const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
+
+    CHECK(json_size == 52508728);
+    CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 50710965);
+    CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 51144830);
+    CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 51144830);
+    CHECK(bon8_size == 45942080);
+    CHECK(bson_size == 56008520);
+    CHECK(cbor_size == 46187320);
+    CHECK(msgpack_size == 46158575);
+    CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 50710965);
+    CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 51144830);
+    CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 49861422);
+
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(96.576));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.494));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(bson_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(106.665));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.961));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.906));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(96.576));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
+    CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(94.958));
+}
@@ -15,65 +15,8 @@ using nlohmann::json;
 #endif

 #include <fstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 #include "make_test_data_available.hpp"

-namespace
-{
-// alternating objects and arrays nested `depth` levels deep, with members that
-// depend on `variant` at some levels, so diffing two variants yields
-// operations on many levels: replacing the innermost value, adding, removing,
-// and (for ordered_json) reordering members, and changing array lengths
-template<typename BasicJsonType>
-BasicJsonType nested(const std::size_t depth, const int variant)
-{
-    BasicJsonType value = variant;
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
-    {
-        if (i % 2 == 0)
-        {
-            BasicJsonType object = BasicJsonType::object();
-            if ((i + static_cast<std::size_t>(variant)) % 7 == 0)
-            {
-                object["x"] = i;
-            }
-            if (variant == 2 && i % 11 == 0)
-            {
-                object["z"] = "z";
-            }
-            object["a"] = std::move(value);
-            if (variant == 1 && i % 5 == 0)
-            {
-                object["y"] = 1;
-            }
-            value = std::move(object);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            BasicJsonType array = BasicJsonType::array({std::move(value)});
-            if ((i + static_cast<std::size_t>(variant)) % 3 == 0)
-            {
-                array.push_back(i);
-            }
-            value = std::move(array);
-        }
-    }
-    return value;
-}
-
-// a path of `depth` reference tokens, as nested() nests its values
-std::string nested_path(const std::size_t depth)
-{
-    std::string path;
-    for (std::size_t i = depth; i > 0; --i)
-    {
-        path += (i - 1) % 2 == 0 ? "/a" : "/0";
-    }
-    return path;
-}
-} // namespace
-
 TEST_CASE("JSON patch")
 {
    SECTION("examples from RFC 6902")
@@ -1809,102 +1752,6 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON patch - diff emits array removals in descending index order")
    }
 }

-TEST_CASE("JSON patch: diff of deeply nested values")
-{
-    SECTION("the diff reproduces the target at every depth")
-    {
-        // depths on either side of the nesting depth up to which diff()
-        // recurses (detail::recursion_depth_limit(), 128); not every depth up
-        // to 300, as the test would then time out under Valgrind
-        std::vector<std::size_t> depths;
-        for (std::size_t depth = 0; depth <= 16; ++depth)
-        {
-            depths.push_back(depth);
-        }
-        for (std::size_t depth = 120; depth <= 136; ++depth)
-        {
-            depths.push_back(depth);
-        }
-        depths.push_back(300);
-
-        for (const auto depth : depths)
-        {
-            CAPTURE(depth);
-            for (int from = 0; from < 3; ++from)
-            {
-                for (int to = 0; to < 3; ++to)
-                {
-                    CAPTURE(from);
-                    CAPTURE(to);
-                    const auto source = nested<json>(depth, from);
-                    const auto target = nested<json>(depth, to);
-                    const auto patch = json::diff(source, target);
-                    CHECK(source.patch(patch) == target);
-                    CHECK(patch.empty() == (from == to));
-
-                    const auto ordered_source = nested<nlohmann::ordered_json>(depth, from);
-                    const auto ordered_target = nested<nlohmann::ordered_json>(depth, to);
-                    CHECK(ordered_source.patch(nlohmann::ordered_json::diff(ordered_source, ordered_target)) == ordered_target);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("a difference only in the innermost value is one replace operation")
-    {
-        for (std::size_t depth = 0; depth <= 300; ++depth)
-        {
-            CAPTURE(depth);
-            json source = 1;
-            json target = 2;
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
-            {
-                source = i % 2 == 0 ? json::object({{"a", std::move(source)}}) : json::array({std::move(source)});
-                target = i % 2 == 0 ? json::object({{"a", std::move(target)}}) : json::array({std::move(target)});
-            }
-            CHECK(json::diff(source, target, "/root") == json::array({{{"op", "replace"}, {"path", "/root" + nested_path(depth)}, {"value", 2}}}));
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("values nested too deeply for the call stack (#5393)")
-    {
-        // diff() used to recurse once per nesting level, and compared the
-        // values with operator== on every level. The values are only
-        // parsed and diffed, never copied or compared, since those recurse
-        // too.
-        const std::size_t depth = 100000;
-        for (const bool objects :
-                {
-                    false, true
-                })
-        {
-            CAPTURE(objects);
-            std::string source_text;
-            std::string target_text;
-            std::string equal_text;
-            std::string path;
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
-            {
-                source_text += objects ? "{\"a\":" : "[";
-                path += objects ? "/a" : "/0";
-            }
-            target_text = source_text + "2";
-            equal_text = source_text + "1";
-            source_text += "1";
-            const std::string closing(depth, objects ? '}' : ']');
-            const auto source = json::parse(source_text + closing);
-
-            const auto patch = json::diff(source, json::parse(target_text + closing));
-            REQUIRE(patch.size() == 1);
-            CHECK(patch[0]["op"] == "replace");
-            CHECK(patch[0]["path"] == path);
-            CHECK(patch[0]["value"] == 2);
-
-            CHECK(json::diff(source, json::parse(equal_text + closing)).empty());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 TEST_CASE("JSON patch - every operation on ordered_json")
 {
    using nlohmann::ordered_json;
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//     __ _____ _____ _____
+//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
+// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
+// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// This file contains the C++17-only part of unit-msgpack.cpp (std::byte
+// input). It is kept in a separate translation unit so the (much larger)
+// unit-msgpack.cpp does not need to be compiled and run a second time just
+// for this one test case (#5418).
+
+#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+using nlohmann::json;
+
+#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Test suite for verifying MessagePack handling with std::byte input
+TEST_CASE("MessagePack with std::byte")
+{
+
+    SECTION("std::byte compatibility")
+    {
+        SECTION("vector roundtrip")
+        {
+            json original =
+            {
+                {"name", "test"},
+                {"value", 42},
+                {"array", {1, 2, 3}}
+            };
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> temp = json::to_msgpack(original);
+            // Convert the uint8_t vector to std::byte vector
+            std::vector<std::byte> msgpack_data(temp.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                msgpack_data[i] = std::byte(temp[i]);
+            }
+            // Deserialize from std::byte vector back to JSON
+            json from_bytes;
+            CHECK_NOTHROW(from_bytes = json::from_msgpack(msgpack_data));
+
+            CHECK(from_bytes == original);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("empty vector")
+        {
+            const std::vector<std::byte> empty_data;
+            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS([&]()
+            {
+                [[maybe_unused]] auto result = json::from_msgpack(empty_data);
+                return true;
+            }
+            (),
+            "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: unexpected end of input",
+            json::parse_error&);
+        }
+
+        SECTION("comparison with workaround")
+        {
+            json original =
+            {
+                {"string", "hello"},
+                {"integer", 42},
+                {"float", 3.14},
+                {"boolean", true},
+                {"null", nullptr},
+                {"array", {1, 2, 3}},
+                {"object", {{"key", "value"}}}
+            };
+
+            std::vector<uint8_t> temp = json::to_msgpack(original);
+
+            std::vector<std::byte> msgpack_data(temp.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                msgpack_data[i] = std::byte(temp[i]);
+            }
+            // Attempt direct deserialization using std::byte input
+            const json direct_result = json::from_msgpack(msgpack_data);
+
+            // Test the workaround approach: reinterpret as unsigned char* and use iterator range
+            const auto* const char_start = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char const*>(msgpack_data.data());
+            const auto* const char_end = char_start + msgpack_data.size();
+            json workaround_result = json::from_msgpack(char_start, char_end);
+
+            // Verify that the final deserialized JSON matches the original JSON
+            CHECK(direct_result == workaround_result);
+            CHECK(direct_result == original);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
@@ -2085,85 +2085,6 @@ TEST_CASE("MessagePack roundtrips" * doctest::skip())
    }
 }

-#ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
-// Test suite for verifying MessagePack handling with std::byte input
-TEST_CASE("MessagePack with std::byte")
-{
-
-    SECTION("std::byte compatibility")
-    {
-        SECTION("vector roundtrip")
-        {
-            json original =
-            {
-                {"name", "test"},
-                {"value", 42},
-                {"array", {1, 2, 3}}
-            };
-
-            std::vector<uint8_t> temp = json::to_msgpack(original);
-            // Convert the uint8_t vector to std::byte vector
-            std::vector<std::byte> msgpack_data(temp.size());
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i)
-            {
-                msgpack_data[i] = std::byte(temp[i]);
-            }
-            // Deserialize from std::byte vector back to JSON
-            json from_bytes;
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(from_bytes = json::from_msgpack(msgpack_data));
-
-            CHECK(from_bytes == original);
-        }
-
-        SECTION("empty vector")
-        {
-            const std::vector<std::byte> empty_data;
-            CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS([&]()
-            {
-                [[maybe_unused]] auto result = json::from_msgpack(empty_data);
-                return true;
-            }
-            (),
-            "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing MessagePack value: unexpected end of input",
-            json::parse_error&);
-        }
-
-        SECTION("comparison with workaround")
-        {
-            json original =
-            {
-                {"string", "hello"},
-                {"integer", 42},
-                {"float", 3.14},
-                {"boolean", true},
-                {"null", nullptr},
-                {"array", {1, 2, 3}},
-                {"object", {{"key", "value"}}}
-            };
-
-            std::vector<uint8_t> temp = json::to_msgpack(original);
-
-            std::vector<std::byte> msgpack_data(temp.size());
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < temp.size(); ++i)
-            {
-                msgpack_data[i] = std::byte(temp[i]);
-            }
-            // Attempt direct deserialization using std::byte input
-            const json direct_result = json::from_msgpack(msgpack_data);
-
-            // Test the workaround approach: reinterpret as unsigned char* and use iterator range
-            const auto* const char_start = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char const*>(msgpack_data.data());
-            const auto* const char_end = char_start + msgpack_data.size();
-            json workaround_result = json::from_msgpack(char_start, char_end);
-
-            // Verify that the final deserialized JSON matches the original JSON
-            CHECK(direct_result == workaround_result);
-            CHECK(direct_result == original);
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
 // the fake sizes below do not fit into a 32-bit std::size_t
 // with clang and libstdc++ 10, the std::filesystem::path conversion that
 // C++17 builds consider for every string type is ambiguous for a class
@@ -1,623 +0,0 @@
-//     __ _____ _____ _____
-//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
-// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
-// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
-//
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
-
-// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
-#include <locale>
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-using nlohmann::json;
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include "make_test_data_available.hpp"
-#include "test_utils.hpp"
-
-TEST_CASE("Unicode (1/5)" * doctest::skip())
-{
-    SECTION("\\uxxxx sequences")
-    {
-        // create an escaped string from a code point
-        const auto codepoint_to_unicode = [](std::size_t cp)
-        {
-            // code points are represented as a six-character sequence: a
-            // reverse solidus, followed by the lowercase letter u, followed
-            // by four hexadecimal digits that encode the character's code
-            // point
-            std::stringstream ss;
-            ss << "\\u" << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex << cp;
-            return ss.str();
-        };
-
-        SECTION("correct sequences")
-        {
-            // generate all UTF-8 code points; in total, 1112064 code points are
-            // generated: 0x1FFFFF code points - 2048 invalid values between
-            // 0xD800 and 0xDFFF.
-            for (std::size_t cp = 0; cp <= 0x10FFFFu; ++cp)
-            {
-                // string to store the code point as in \uxxxx format
-                std::string json_text = "\"";
-
-                // decide whether to use one or two \uxxxx sequences
-                if (cp < 0x10000u)
-                {
-                    // The Unicode standard permanently reserves these code point
-                    // values for UTF-16 encoding of the high and low surrogates, and
-                    // they will never be assigned a character, so there should be no
-                    // reason to encode them. The official Unicode standard says that
-                    // no UTF forms, including UTF-16, can encode these code points.
-                    if (cp >= 0xD800u && cp <= 0xDFFFu)
-                    {
-                        // if we would not skip these code points, we would get a
-                        // "missing low surrogate" exception
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // code points in the Basic Multilingual Plane can be
-                    // represented with one \uxxxx sequence
-                    json_text += codepoint_to_unicode(cp);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    // To escape an extended character that is not in the Basic
-                    // Multilingual Plane, the character is represented as a
-                    // 12-character sequence, encoding the UTF-16 surrogate pair
-                    const auto codepoint1 = 0xd800u + (((cp - 0x10000u) >> 10) & 0x3ffu);
-                    const auto codepoint2 = 0xdc00u + ((cp - 0x10000u) & 0x3ffu);
-                    json_text += codepoint_to_unicode(codepoint1) + codepoint_to_unicode(codepoint2);
-                }
-
-                json_text += "\"";
-                CAPTURE(json_text)
-                json _;
-                CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_text));
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("incorrect sequences")
-        {
-            SECTION("incorrect surrogate values")
-            {
-                json _;
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uDC00\\uDC00\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 7: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '\"\\uDC00'", json::parse_error&);
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD7FF\\uDC00\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '\"\\uD7FF\\uDC00'", json::parse_error&);
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800]\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800]'", json::parse_error&);
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\v\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 9: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800\\v'", json::parse_error&);
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\u123\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '\"\\uD800\\u123\"'", json::parse_error&);
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\uDBFF\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800\\uDBFF'", json::parse_error&);
-
-                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::parse("\"\\uD800\\uE000\""), "[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+D800..U+DBFF must be followed by U+DC00..U+DFFF; last read: '\"\\uD800\\uE000'", json::parse_error&);
-            }
-        }
-
-#if 0 // NOLINT(readability-avoid-unconditional-preprocessor-if)
-        SECTION("incorrect sequences")
-        {
-            SECTION("high surrogate without low surrogate")
-            {
-                // D800..DBFF are high surrogates and must be followed by low
-                // surrogates DC00..DFFF; here, nothing follows
-                for (std::size_t cp = 0xD800u; cp <= 0xDBFFu; ++cp)
-                {
-                    std::string json_text = "\"" + codepoint_to_unicode(cp) + "\"";
-                    CAPTURE(json_text)
-                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(json_text), json::parse_error&);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("high surrogate with wrong low surrogate")
-            {
-                // D800..DBFF are high surrogates and must be followed by low
-                // surrogates DC00..DFFF; here a different sequence follows
-                for (std::size_t cp1 = 0xD800u; cp1 <= 0xDBFFu; ++cp1)
-                {
-                    for (std::size_t cp2 = 0x0000u; cp2 <= 0xFFFFu; ++cp2)
-                    {
-                        if (0xDC00u <= cp2 && cp2 <= 0xDFFFu)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        std::string json_text = "\"" + codepoint_to_unicode(cp1) + codepoint_to_unicode(cp2) + "\"";
-                        CAPTURE(json_text)
-                        CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(json_text), json::parse_error&);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("low surrogate without high surrogate")
-            {
-                // low surrogates DC00..DFFF must follow high surrogates; here,
-                // they occur alone
-                for (std::size_t cp = 0xDC00u; cp <= 0xDFFFu; ++cp)
-                {
-                    std::string json_text = "\"" + codepoint_to_unicode(cp) + "\"";
-                    CAPTURE(json_text)
-                    CHECK_THROWS_AS(json::parse(json_text), json::parse_error&);
-                }
-            }
-
-        }
-#endif
-    }
-
-    SECTION("read all unicode characters")
-    {
-        // read a file with all Unicode characters stored as single-character
-        // strings in a JSON array
-        std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/all_unicode.json");
-        json j;
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
-
-        // the array has 1112064 + 1 elements (a terminating "null" value)
-        // Note: 1112064 = 0x1FFFFF code points - 2048 invalid values between
-        // 0xD800 and 0xDFFF.
-        CHECK(j.size() == 1112065);
-
-        SECTION("check JSON Pointers")
-        {
-            for (const auto& s : j)
-            {
-                // skip non-string JSON values
-                if (!s.is_string())
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                auto ptr = s.get<std::string>();
-
-                // tilde must be followed by 0 or 1
-                if (ptr == "~")
-                {
-                    ptr += "0";
-                }
-
-                // JSON Pointers must begin with "/"
-                ptr.insert(0, "/");
-
-                CHECK_NOTHROW(json::json_pointer("/" + ptr));
-
-                // check escape/unescape roundtrip
-                auto escaped = nlohmann::detail::escape(ptr);
-                nlohmann::detail::unescape(escaped);
-                CHECK(escaped == ptr);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("ignore byte-order-mark")
-    {
-        SECTION("in a stream")
-        {
-            // read a file with a UTF-8 BOM
-            std::ifstream f(TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_nlohmann_tests/bom.json");
-            json j;
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(f >> j);
-        }
-
-        SECTION("with an iterator")
-        {
-            std::string i = "\xef\xbb\xbf{\n   \"foo\": true\n}";
-            json _;
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(i.begin(), i.end()));
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("error for incomplete/wrong BOM")
-    {
-        json _;
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\xef\xbb"), json::parse_error&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse("\xef\xbb\xbb"), json::parse_error&);
-    }
-}
-
-namespace
-{
-void roundtrip(bool success_expected, const std::string& s);
-
-void roundtrip(bool success_expected, const std::string& s)
-{
-    CAPTURE(s)
-    json _;
-
-    // create JSON string value
-    const json j = s;
-    // create JSON text
-    const std::string ps = std::string("\"") + s + "\"";
-
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        // serialization succeeds
-        // dump() is nodiscard; this only checks that dumping does not throw
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(utils::ignore_return_value(j.dump()));
-
-        // exclude parse test for U+0000
-        if (s[0] != '\0')
-        {
-            // parsing JSON text succeeds
-            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(ps));
-        }
-
-        // roundtrip succeeds
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(j.dump()));
-
-        // after roundtrip, the same string is stored
-        const json jr = json::parse(j.dump());
-        CHECK(jr.get<std::string>() == s);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // serialization fails
-        // dump() is nodiscard; the exception is thrown by dump() itself before it would return
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(utils::ignore_return_value(j.dump()), json::type_error&);
-
-        // parsing JSON text fails
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(ps), json::parse_error&);
-    }
-}
-} // namespace
-
-TEST_CASE("Markus Kuhn's UTF-8 decoder capability and stress test")
-{
-    // Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> - 2015-08-28 - CC BY 4.0
-    // http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/UTF-8-test.txt
-
-    SECTION("1  Some correct UTF-8 text")
-    {
-        roundtrip(true, "κόσμε");
-    }
-
-    SECTION("2  Boundary condition test cases")
-    {
-        SECTION("2.1  First possible sequence of a certain length")
-        {
-            // 2.1.1  1 byte  (U-00000000)
-            roundtrip(true, std::string("\0", 1));
-            // 2.1.2  2 bytes (U-00000080)
-            roundtrip(true, "\xc2\x80");
-            // 2.1.3  3 bytes (U-00000800)
-            roundtrip(true, "\xe0\xa0\x80");
-            // 2.1.4  4 bytes (U-00010000)
-            roundtrip(true, "\xf0\x90\x80\x80");
-
-            // 2.1.5  5 bytes (U-00200000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xF8\x88\x80\x80\x80");
-            // 2.1.6  6 bytes (U-04000000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xFC\x84\x80\x80\x80\x80");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("2.2  Last possible sequence of a certain length")
-        {
-            // 2.2.1  1 byte  (U-0000007F)
-            roundtrip(true, "\x7f");
-            // 2.2.2  2 bytes (U-000007FF)
-            roundtrip(true, "\xdf\xbf");
-            // 2.2.3  3 bytes (U-0000FFFF)
-            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbf");
-
-            // 2.2.4  4 bytes (U-001FFFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xF7\xBF\xBF\xBF");
-            // 2.2.5  5 bytes (U-03FFFFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xFB\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF");
-            // 2.2.6  6 bytes (U-7FFFFFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xFD\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF\xBF");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("2.3  Other boundary conditions")
-        {
-            // 2.3.1  U-0000D7FF = ed 9f bf
-            roundtrip(true, "\xed\x9f\xbf");
-            // 2.3.2  U-0000E000 = ee 80 80
-            roundtrip(true, "\xee\x80\x80");
-            // 2.3.3  U-0000FFFD = ef bf bd
-            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbd");
-            // 2.3.4  U-0010FFFF = f4 8f bf bf
-            roundtrip(true, "\xf4\x8f\xbf\xbf");
-
-            // 2.3.5  U-00110000 = f4 90 80 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf4\x90\x80\x80");
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("3  Malformed sequences")
-    {
-        SECTION("3.1  Unexpected continuation bytes")
-        {
-            // Each unexpected continuation byte should be separately signalled as a
-            // malformed sequence of its own.
-
-            // 3.1.1  First continuation byte 0x80
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80");
-            // 3.1.2  Last  continuation byte 0xbf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xbf");
-
-            // 3.1.3  2 continuation bytes
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf");
-            // 3.1.4  3 continuation bytes
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80");
-            // 3.1.5  4 continuation bytes
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf");
-            // 3.1.6  5 continuation bytes
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80");
-            // 3.1.7  6 continuation bytes
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80\xbf");
-            // 3.1.8  7 continuation bytes
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80\xbf\x80");
-
-            // 3.1.9  Sequence of all 64 possible continuation bytes (0x80-0xbf)
-            roundtrip(false, "\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("3.2  Lonely start characters")
-        {
-            // 3.2.1  All 32 first bytes of 2-byte sequences (0xc0-0xdf)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xc0 \xc1 \xc2 \xc3 \xc4 \xc5 \xc6 \xc7 \xc8 \xc9 \xca \xcb \xcc \xcd \xce \xcf \xd0 \xd1 \xd2 \xd3 \xd4 \xd5 \xd6 \xd7 \xd8 \xd9 \xda \xdb \xdc \xdd \xde \xdf");
-            // 3.2.2  All 16 first bytes of 3-byte sequences (0xe0-0xef)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xe0 \xe1 \xe2 \xe3 \xe4 \xe5 \xe6 \xe7 \xe8 \xe9 \xea \xeb \xec \xed \xee \xef");
-            // 3.2.3  All 8 first bytes of 4-byte sequences (0xf0-0xf7)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf0 \xf1 \xf2 \xf3 \xf4 \xf5 \xf6 \xf7");
-            // 3.2.4  All 4 first bytes of 5-byte sequences (0xf8-0xfb)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf8 \xf9 \xfa \xfb");
-            // 3.2.5  All 2 first bytes of 6-byte sequences (0xfc-0xfd)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfc \xfd");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("3.3  Sequences with last continuation byte missing")
-        {
-            // All bytes of an incomplete sequence should be signalled as a single
-            // malformed sequence, i.e., you should see only a single replacement
-            // character in each of the next 10 tests. (Characters as in section 2)
-
-            // 3.3.1  2-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xc0");
-            // 3.3.2  3-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x80");
-            // 3.3.3  4-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x80\x80");
-            // 3.3.4  5-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x80\x80\x80");
-            // 3.3.5  6-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80");
-            // 3.3.6  2-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-000007FF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xdf");
-            // 3.3.7  3-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-0000FFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xef\xbf");
-            // 3.3.8  4-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-001FFFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf7\xbf\xbf");
-            // 3.3.9  5-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-03FFFFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfb\xbf\xbf\xbf");
-            // 3.3.10 6-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-7FFFFFFF)
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfd\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("3.4  Concatenation of incomplete sequences")
-        {
-            // All the 10 sequences of 3.3 concatenated, you should see 10 malformed
-            // sequences being signalled:
-            roundtrip(false, "\xc0\xe0\x80\xf0\x80\x80\xf8\x80\x80\x80\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80\xdf\xef\xbf\xf7\xbf\xbf\xfb\xbf\xbf\xbf\xfd\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("3.5  Impossible bytes")
-        {
-            // The following two bytes cannot appear in a correct UTF-8 string
-
-            // 3.5.1  fe
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfe");
-            // 3.5.2  ff
-            roundtrip(false, "\xff");
-            // 3.5.3  fe fe ff ff
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfe\xfe\xff\xff");
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("4  Overlong sequences")
-    {
-        // The following sequences are not malformed according to the letter of
-        // the Unicode 2.0 standard. However, they are longer then necessary and
-        // a correct UTF-8 encoder is not allowed to produce them. A "safe UTF-8
-        // decoder" should reject them just like malformed sequences for two
-        // reasons: (1) It helps to debug applications if overlong sequences are
-        // not treated as valid representations of characters, because this helps
-        // to spot problems more quickly. (2) Overlong sequences provide
-        // alternative representations of characters, that could maliciously be
-        // used to bypass filters that check only for ASCII characters. For
-        // instance, a 2-byte encoded line feed (LF) would not be caught by a
-        // line counter that counts only 0x0a bytes, but it would still be
-        // processed as a line feed by an unsafe UTF-8 decoder later in the
-        // pipeline. From a security point of view, ASCII compatibility of UTF-8
-        // sequences means also, that ASCII characters are *only* allowed to be
-        // represented by ASCII bytes in the range 0x00-0x7f. To ensure this
-        // aspect of ASCII compatibility, use only "safe UTF-8 decoders" that
-        // reject overlong UTF-8 sequences for which a shorter encoding exists.
-
-        SECTION("4.1  Examples of an overlong ASCII character")
-        {
-            // With a safe UTF-8 decoder, all the following five overlong
-            // representations of the ASCII character slash ("/") should be rejected
-            // like a malformed UTF-8 sequence, for instance by substituting it with
-            // a replacement character. If you see a slash below, you do not have a
-            // safe UTF-8 decoder!
-
-            // 4.1.1 U+002F = c0 af
-            roundtrip(false, "\xc0\xaf");
-            // 4.1.2 U+002F = e0 80 af
-            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x80\xaf");
-            // 4.1.3 U+002F = f0 80 80 af
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x80\x80\xaf");
-            // 4.1.4 U+002F = f8 80 80 80 af
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x80\x80\x80\xaf");
-            // 4.1.5 U+002F = fc 80 80 80 80 af
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80\xaf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("4.2  Maximum overlong sequences")
-        {
-            // Below you see the highest Unicode value that is still resulting in an
-            // overlong sequence if represented with the given number of bytes. This
-            // is a boundary test for safe UTF-8 decoders. All five characters should
-            // be rejected like malformed UTF-8 sequences.
-
-            // 4.2.1  U-0000007F = c1 bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xc1\xbf");
-            // 4.2.2  U-000007FF = e0 9f bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x9f\xbf");
-            // 4.2.3  U-0000FFFF = f0 8f bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x8f\xbf\xbf");
-            // 4.2.4  U-001FFFFF = f8 87 bf bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x87\xbf\xbf\xbf");
-            // 4.2.5  U-03FFFFFF = fc 83 bf bf bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x83\xbf\xbf\xbf\xbf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("4.3  Overlong representation of the NUL character")
-        {
-            // The following five sequences should also be rejected like malformed
-            // UTF-8 sequences and should not be treated like the ASCII NUL
-            // character.
-
-            // 4.3.1  U+0000 = c0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xc0\x80");
-            // 4.3.2  U+0000 = e0 80 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xe0\x80\x80");
-            // 4.3.3  U+0000 = f0 80 80 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf0\x80\x80\x80");
-            // 4.3.4  U+0000 = f8 80 80 80 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xf8\x80\x80\x80\x80");
-            // 4.3.5  U+0000 = fc 80 80 80 80 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xfc\x80\x80\x80\x80\x80");
-        }
-    }
-
-    SECTION("5  Illegal code positions")
-    {
-        // The following UTF-8 sequences should be rejected like malformed
-        // sequences, because they never represent valid ISO 10646 characters and
-        // a UTF-8 decoder that accepts them might introduce security problems
-        // comparable to overlong UTF-8 sequences.
-
-        SECTION("5.1 Single UTF-16 surrogates")
-        {
-            // 5.1.1  U+D800 = ed a0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xa0\x80");
-            // 5.1.2  U+DB7F = ed ad bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xad\xbf");
-            // 5.1.3  U+DB80 = ed ae 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xae\x80");
-            // 5.1.4  U+DBFF = ed af bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xaf\xbf");
-            // 5.1.5  U+DC00 = ed b0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xb0\x80");
-            // 5.1.6  U+DF80 = ed be 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xbe\x80");
-            // 5.1.7  U+DFFF = ed bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xbf\xbf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("5.2 Paired UTF-16 surrogates")
-        {
-            // 5.2.1  U+D800 U+DC00 = ed a0 80 ed b0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xa0\x80\xed\xb0\x80");
-            // 5.2.2  U+D800 U+DFFF = ed a0 80 ed bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xa0\x80\xed\xbf\xbf");
-            // 5.2.3  U+DB7F U+DC00 = ed ad bf ed b0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xad\xbf\xed\xb0\x80");
-            // 5.2.4  U+DB7F U+DFFF = ed ad bf ed bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xad\xbf\xed\xbf\xbf");
-            // 5.2.5  U+DB80 U+DC00 = ed ae 80 ed b0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xae\x80\xed\xb0\x80");
-            // 5.2.6  U+DB80 U+DFFF = ed ae 80 ed bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xae\x80\xed\xbf\xbf");
-            // 5.2.7  U+DBFF U+DC00 = ed af bf ed b0 80
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xaf\xbf\xed\xb0\x80");
-            // 5.2.8  U+DBFF U+DFFF = ed af bf ed bf bf
-            roundtrip(false, "\xed\xaf\xbf\xed\xbf\xbf");
-        }
-
-        SECTION("5.3 Noncharacter code positions")
-        {
-            // The following "noncharacters" are "reserved for internal use" by
-            // applications, and according to older versions of the Unicode Standard
-            // "should never be interchanged". Unicode Corrigendum #9 dropped the
-            // latter restriction. Nevertheless, their presence in incoming UTF-8 data
-            // can remain a potential security risk, depending on what use is made of
-            // these codes subsequently. Examples of such internal use:
-            //
-            //  - Some file APIs with 16-bit characters may use the integer value -1
-            //    = U+FFFF to signal an end-of-file (EOF) or error condition.
-            //
-            //  - In some UTF-16 receivers, code point U+FFFE might trigger a
-            //    byte-swap operation (to convert between UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE).
-            //
-            // With such internal use of noncharacters, it may be desirable and safer
-            // to block those code points in UTF-8 decoders, as they should never
-            // occur legitimately in incoming UTF-8 data, and could trigger unsafe
-            // behaviour in subsequent processing.
-
-            // Particularly problematic noncharacters in 16-bit applications:
-
-            // 5.3.1  U+FFFE = ef bf be
-            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbe");
-            // 5.3.2  U+FFFF = ef bf bf
-            roundtrip(true, "\xef\xbf\xbf");
-
-            // 5.3.3  U+FDD0 .. U+FDEF
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x90");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x91");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x92");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x93");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x94");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x95");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x96");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x97");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x98");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x99");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9A");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9B");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9C");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9D");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9E");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\x9F");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA0");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA1");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA2");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA3");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA4");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA5");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA6");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA7");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA8");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xA9");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAA");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAB");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAC");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAD");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAE");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xEF\xB7\xAF");
-
-            // 5.3.4  U+nFFFE U+nFFFF (for n = 1..10)
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF0\x9F\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF0\xAF\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF0\xBF\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\x8F\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\x9F\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\xAF\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF1\xBF\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF2\x8F\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF2\x9F\xBF\xBF");
-            roundtrip(true, "\xF2\xAF\xBF\xBF");
-        }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,612 +0,0 @@
-//     __ _____ _____ _____
-//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
-// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
-// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
-//
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
-
-// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
-#include <locale>
-
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-using nlohmann::json;
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include "make_test_data_available.hpp"
-#include "test_utils.hpp"
-
-// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
-
-namespace
-{
-extern size_t calls;
-size_t calls = 0;
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string.clear();
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    CAPTURE(byte2)
-    CAPTURE(byte3)
-    CAPTURE(byte4)
-
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    // store the string in a JSON value
-    static json j;
-    static json j2;
-    j = json_string;
-    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
-
-    static std::string s_ignored;
-    static std::string s_ignored2;
-    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
-    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced;
-    static std::string s_replaced2;
-    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
-
-    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
-    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        static std::string s_strict;
-        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
-        s_strict = j.dump();
-        // all dumps should agree on the string
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
-        // dump() is nodiscard; the exception is thrown by dump() itself before it would return
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(utils::ignore_return_value(j.dump()), json::type_error&);
-        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
-        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
-
-        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
-        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
-    }
-
-    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-}
-
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
-    {
-        std::cout << calls << " of 455355 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl; // NOLINT(performance-avoid-endl)
-    }
-
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string = "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte2)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte3)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte4)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    json_string += "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    json _;
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
-    }
-}
-} // namespace
-
-TEST_CASE("Unicode (2/5)" * doctest::skip())
-{
-    SECTION("RFC 3629")
-    {
-        /*
-        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
-        follows:
-
-            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
-            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
-            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
-            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
-
-            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
-            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
-            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
-            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
-            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
-        */
-
-        SECTION("ill-formed first byte")
-        {
-            for (int byte1 = 0x80; byte1 <= 0xC1; ++byte1)
-            {
-                check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-            }
-
-            for (int byte1 = 0xF5; byte1 <= 0xFF; ++byte1)
-            {
-                check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-1 (x00-x7F)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0x00; byte1 <= 0x7F; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    // unescaped control characters are parse errors in JSON
-                    if (0x00 <= byte1 && byte1 <= 0x1F)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // a single quote is a parse error in JSON
-                    if (byte1 == 0x22)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // a single backslash is a parse error in JSON
-                    if (byte1 == 0x5C)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // all other characters are OK
-                    check_utf8string(true, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(true, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-2 (xC2-xDF UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xC2; byte1 <= 0xDF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xC2; byte1 <= 0xDF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xC2; byte1 <= 0xDF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xE0 xA0-BF UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0xA0; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0xA0; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0xA0 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE0; byte1 <= 0xE0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0xA0; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xE1-xEC UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xE1; byte1 <= 0xEC; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xED x80-9F UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x9F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x9F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0x9F)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xED; byte1 <= 0xED; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x9F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-3 (xEE-xEF UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xEE; byte1 <= 0xEF; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
@@ -1,326 +0,0 @@
-//     __ _____ _____ _____
-//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
-// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
-// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
-//
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
-
-// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
-#include <locale>
-
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-using nlohmann::json;
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include "make_test_data_available.hpp"
-#include "test_utils.hpp"
-
-// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
-
-namespace
-{
-extern size_t calls;
-size_t calls = 0;
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string.clear();
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    CAPTURE(byte2)
-    CAPTURE(byte3)
-    CAPTURE(byte4)
-
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    // store the string in a JSON value
-    static json j;
-    static json j2;
-    j = json_string;
-    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
-
-    static std::string s_ignored;
-    static std::string s_ignored2;
-    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
-    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced;
-    static std::string s_replaced2;
-    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
-
-    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
-    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        static std::string s_strict;
-        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
-        s_strict = j.dump();
-        // all dumps should agree on the string
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
-        // dump() is nodiscard; the exception is thrown by dump() itself before it would return
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(utils::ignore_return_value(j.dump()), json::type_error&);
-        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
-        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
-
-        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
-        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
-    }
-
-    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-}
-
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
-    {
-        std::cout << calls << " of 1641521 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl; // NOLINT(performance-avoid-endl)
-    }
-
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string = "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte2)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte3)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte4)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    json_string += "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    json _;
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
-    }
-}
-} // namespace
-
-TEST_CASE("Unicode (3/5)" * doctest::skip())
-{
-    SECTION("RFC 3629")
-    {
-        /*
-        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
-        follows:
-
-            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
-            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
-            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
-            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
-
-            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
-            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
-            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
-            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
-            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
-        */
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-4 (xF0 x90-BF UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing fourth byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x90 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong fourth byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF0; byte1 <= 0xF0; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x90; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x00; byte4 <= 0xFF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                // skip correct fourth byte
-                                if (0x80 <= byte4 && byte4 <= 0xBF)
-                                {
-                                    continue;
-                                }
-
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
@@ -1,326 +0,0 @@
-//     __ _____ _____ _____
-//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
-// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
-// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
-//
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
-
-// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
-#include <locale>
-
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-using nlohmann::json;
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include "make_test_data_available.hpp"
-#include "test_utils.hpp"
-
-// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
-
-namespace
-{
-extern size_t calls;
-size_t calls = 0;
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string.clear();
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    CAPTURE(byte2)
-    CAPTURE(byte3)
-    CAPTURE(byte4)
-
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    // store the string in a JSON value
-    static json j;
-    static json j2;
-    j = json_string;
-    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
-
-    static std::string s_ignored;
-    static std::string s_ignored2;
-    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
-    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced;
-    static std::string s_replaced2;
-    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
-
-    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
-    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        static std::string s_strict;
-        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
-        s_strict = j.dump();
-        // all dumps should agree on the string
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
-        // dump() is nodiscard; the exception is thrown by dump() itself before it would return
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(utils::ignore_return_value(j.dump()), json::type_error&);
-        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
-        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
-
-        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
-        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
-    }
-
-    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-}
-
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
-    {
-        std::cout << calls << " of 5517507 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl; // NOLINT(performance-avoid-endl)
-    }
-
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string = "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte2)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte3)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte4)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    json_string += "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    json _;
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
-    }
-}
-} // namespace
-
-TEST_CASE("Unicode (4/5)" * doctest::skip())
-{
-    SECTION("RFC 3629")
-    {
-        /*
-        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
-        follows:
-
-            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
-            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
-            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
-            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
-
-            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
-            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
-            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
-            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
-            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
-        */
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-4 (xF1-F3 UTF8-tail UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing fourth byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0xBF)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong fourth byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF1; byte1 <= 0xF3; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0xBF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x00; byte4 <= 0xFF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                // skip correct fourth byte
-                                if (0x80 <= byte4 && byte4 <= 0xBF)
-                                {
-                                    continue;
-                                }
-
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
@@ -1,326 +0,0 @@
-//     __ _____ _____ _____
-//  __|  |   __|     |   | |  JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
-// |  |  |__   |  |  | | | |  version 3.12.0
-// |_____|_____|_____|_|___|  https://github.com/nlohmann/json
-//
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
-
-// for some reason including this after the json header leads to linker errors with VS 2017...
-#include <locale>
-
-#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
-using nlohmann::json;
-
-#include <fstream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include "make_test_data_available.hpp"
-#include "test_utils.hpp"
-
-// this test suite uses static variables with non-trivial destructors
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
-
-namespace
-{
-extern size_t calls;
-size_t calls = 0;
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-void check_utf8dump(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string.clear();
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    CAPTURE(byte2)
-    CAPTURE(byte3)
-    CAPTURE(byte4)
-
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    // store the string in a JSON value
-    static json j;
-    static json j2;
-    j = json_string;
-    j2 = "abc" + json_string + "xyz";
-
-    static std::string s_ignored;
-    static std::string s_ignored2;
-    static std::string s_ignored_ascii;
-    static std::string s_ignored2_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced;
-    static std::string s_replaced2;
-    static std::string s_replaced_ascii;
-    static std::string s_replaced2_ascii;
-
-    // dumping with ignore/replace must not throw in any case
-    s_ignored = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_ignored2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::ignore);
-    s_replaced = j.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2 = j2.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced_ascii = j.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    s_replaced2_ascii = j2.dump(-1, ' ', true, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        static std::string s_strict;
-        // strict mode must not throw if success is expected
-        s_strict = j.dump();
-        // all dumps should agree on the string
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_ignored);
-        CHECK(s_strict == s_replaced);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // strict mode must throw if success is not expected
-        // dump() is nodiscard; the exception is thrown by dump() itself before it would return
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(utils::ignore_return_value(j.dump()), json::type_error&);
-        // ignore and replace must create different dumps
-        CHECK(s_ignored != s_replaced);
-
-        // check that replace string contains a replacement character
-        CHECK(s_replaced.find("\xEF\xBF\xBD") != std::string::npos);
-    }
-
-    // check that prefix and suffix are preserved
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2.substr(s_ignored2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_ignored2_ascii.substr(s_ignored2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2.substr(s_replaced2.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(1, 3) == "abc");
-    CHECK(s_replaced2_ascii.substr(s_replaced2_ascii.size() - 4, 3) == "xyz");
-}
-
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2, int byte3, int byte4);
-
-// create and check a JSON string with up to four UTF-8 bytes
-void check_utf8string(bool success_expected, int byte1, int byte2 = -1, int byte3 = -1, int byte4 = -1)
-{
-    if (++calls % 100000 == 0)
-    {
-        std::cout << calls << " of 1246225 UTF-8 strings checked" << std::endl; // NOLINT(performance-avoid-endl)
-    }
-
-    static std::string json_string;
-    json_string = "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(byte1)
-    json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte1));
-
-    if (byte2 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte2)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte2));
-    }
-
-    if (byte3 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte3)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte3));
-    }
-
-    if (byte4 != -1)
-    {
-        CAPTURE(byte4)
-        json_string += std::string(1, static_cast<char>(byte4));
-    }
-
-    json_string += "\"";
-
-    CAPTURE(json_string)
-
-    json _;
-    if (success_expected)
-    {
-        CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::parse(json_string));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::parse(json_string), json::parse_error&);
-    }
-}
-} // namespace
-
-TEST_CASE("Unicode (5/5)" * doctest::skip())
-{
-    SECTION("RFC 3629")
-    {
-        /*
-        RFC 3629 describes in Sect. 4 the syntax of UTF-8 byte sequences as
-        follows:
-
-            A UTF-8 string is a sequence of octets representing a sequence of UCS
-            characters.  An octet sequence is valid UTF-8 only if it matches the
-            following syntax, which is derived from the rules for encoding UTF-8
-            and is expressed in the ABNF of [RFC2234].
-
-            UTF8-octets = *( UTF8-char )
-            UTF8-char   = UTF8-1 / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
-            UTF8-1      = %x00-7F
-            UTF8-2      = %xC2-DF UTF8-tail
-            UTF8-3      = %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-4      = %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) /
-                          %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )
-            UTF8-tail   = %x80-BF
-        */
-
-        SECTION("UTF8-4 (xF4 x80-8F UTF8-tail UTF8-tail)")
-        {
-            SECTION("well-formed")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(true, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    check_utf8string(false, byte1);
-                    check_utf8dump(false, byte1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2);
-                        check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: missing fourth byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                            check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong second byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x00; byte2 <= 0xFF; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        // skip correct second byte
-                        if (0x80 <= byte2 && byte2 <= 0x8F)
-                        {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong third byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x00; byte3 <= 0xFF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            // skip correct third byte
-                            if (0x80 <= byte3 && byte3 <= 0xBF)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x80; byte4 <= 0xBF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            SECTION("ill-formed: wrong fourth byte")
-            {
-                for (int byte1 = 0xF4; byte1 <= 0xF4; ++byte1)
-                {
-                    for (int byte2 = 0x80; byte2 <= 0x8F; ++byte2)
-                    {
-                        for (int byte3 = 0x80; byte3 <= 0xBF; ++byte3)
-                        {
-                            for (int byte4 = 0x00; byte4 <= 0xFF; ++byte4)
-                            {
-                                // skip correct fourth byte
-                                if (0x80 <= byte4 && byte4 <= 0xBF)
-                                {
-                                    continue;
-                                }
-
-                                check_utf8string(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                                check_utf8dump(false, byte1, byte2, byte3, byte4);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Niels Lohmann	dc194c94d9	Stop excluding the Unicode tests in CI The compiler matrix, icpc/icpx/nvhpc, the default-compiler job, the Windows MinGW and clang-cl jobs, and AppVeyor Debug builds excluded test-unicode because it took several minutes. It now takes ~20 s, so run it everywhere except under Valgrind. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 22:07:47 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	9ffd033af7	Merge the Unicode tests into unit-unicode.cpp The Unicode tests were split into five files (#2889) so they could run in parallel. After #5418 they take ~20 s together (unoptimized), so one file is enough. This removes four copies of the check helpers and the progress output, whose hard-coded totals were stale, and drops doctest::skip() so JSON_FastTests configurations run them too. The raised timeout for test-unicode4 is no longer needed. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 22:07:46 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	d304501fa7	Cover every byte class in the ill-formed UTF-8 sweeps Pinning the bytes around the invalid one to 0x80 lost coverage: with error_handler_t::ignore/replace, the serializer re-reads the invalid byte and decodes the following bytes, and its decoder distinguishes the continuation classes 0x80-0x8F, 0x90-0x9F, and 0xA0-0xBF, as do the lexer's range checks. Iterate those positions over the first and last byte of each class within the valid range instead (utils::utf8_continuation_bytes). The invalid byte still takes all 256 values. Defining JSON_TEST_UTF8_EXHAUSTIVE restores the full Cartesian product, with the same assertion counts as before #5418. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 22:00:35 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	21c8935269	Check the JSON Pointer roundtrip for every code point again Sampling every 64th element of all_unicode.json gave up the claim that every code point is tested for a small saving; the stringstream removal keeps most of the speedup. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 22:00:34 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	96cedfec81	Compile unit-msgpack.cpp only once unit-msgpack.cpp mentioned JSON_HAS_CPP_17 for a single std::byte test case, so the whole file was also compiled and run as test-msgpack_cpp17. Move that test case into unit-msgpack-cpp17.cpp, as was done for unit-items-cpp17.cpp. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 21:48:35 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	d27698ee55	Run the cheap binary format size tests unconditionally Only jeopardy.json (52 MB, ~20 s unoptimized) needs doctest::skip(); move it into its own test case so canada.json, twitter.json, citm_catalog.json and sample.json (~1.5 s) also run in JSON_FastTests configurations. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 21:47:17 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	295ff0f778	Speed up unit-unicode1 Format \uxxxx escapes by hand instead of constructing a stringstream for each of the ~1.1M code points, and check the JSON Pointer escape/unescape roundtrip on every 64th element of all_unicode.json plus '~' and '/', the only characters escaping treats specially. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 21:46:39 +02:00
Niels Lohmann	e802c98da8	Pin unrelated bytes in the remaining ill-formed UTF-8 sweeps The wrong-4th-byte sections of unit-unicode3/4/5 became live with #5499 and swept every valid 2nd/3rd byte again (2.4M iterations in unicode4 alone). Pin those bytes like the 2nd/3rd-byte sections, and do the same for the 3-byte sequences in unit-unicode2. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 21:46:08 +02:00
elix3r	c6bb0844f3	Cut Unicode ill-formed byte sweeps to one representative prefix Wrong-2nd and wrong-3rd-byte sections iterated every valid trailing byte, which dominated Linux --no-skip runtime without testing extra properties. Pin those bytes to a single valid continuation. The fourth-byte typo is left to #5416 so this change stands alone. Signed-off-by: elix3r <157088510+22elix3r@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>	2026-09-27 21:44:47 +02:00