Report a missing 0xFF after a final BON8 string also without strict (#6119 )

A BON8 string ends at the first byte that cannot continue it. When a string ends a value and is not terminated by 0xFF, that byte belongs to whatever follows the value, but the reader has already taken it from the input and keeps it in its push-back buffer. With strict = true the end-of-input check reports it; with strict = false the buffer was discarded, so a following value in a stream lost its first byte or bytes without an error ({0x61, 0x90} read "a" and then dropped the 0 that follows). Report parse_error.110 "string at the end of the value is not terminated by 0xFF" when the push-back buffer is not empty once a BON8 value is complete and strict is false, as bon8.md requires the final 0xFF. Output of to_bon8 always has it, so canonical input is not affected. Fixes #6110. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
docs: output growth with nesting depth and ordered_json objects with many keys (#6118 )
2026-11-14 16:02:48 +00:00 · 2026-11-13 17:54:30 +01:00 · 2026-11-13 17:54:22 +01:00 · 2026-11-13 17:54:11 +01:00 · 2026-11-13 07:26:42 +01:00 · 2026-11-13 07:26:32 +01:00
148 changed files with 22070 additions and 19374 deletions
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install astyle
        run: |
          python3 -mvenv venv
-          venv/bin/pip3 install -r $MAIN_DIR/tools/astyle/requirements.txt
+          venv/bin/pip3 install --require-hashes -r $MAIN_DIR/tools/astyle/requirements.txt

      - name: Install generate_natvis dependencies
-        run: pip3 install -r $NATVIS_TOOL_DIR/requirements.txt
+        run: pip3 install --require-hashes -r $NATVIS_TOOL_DIR/requirements.txt

      - name: Regenerate the tools/macro_builder tables in macro_scope.hpp
        run: |
@@ -38,14 +38,13 @@ jobs:

    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
    - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@33d7b85da1a04171e211befe2c739303b9a4c066 # v4.39.3
      with:
        languages: c-cpp
-
-    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
-    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
-    - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
+        # Analyze the sources without compiling them. Autobuild compiled the
+        # whole test suite and the resulting database was so large that the
+        # runner often lost communication with the server while importing it.
+        build-mode: none

    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@33d7b85da1a04171e211befe2c739303b9a4c066 # v4.39.3
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ jobs:
          output: 'flawfinder_results.sarif'

      - name: Upload analysis results to GitHub Security tab
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@33d7b85da1a04171e211befe2c739303b9a4c066 # v4.39.3
        with:
          sarif_file: ${{github.workspace}}/flawfinder_results.sarif
@@ -80,6 +80,6 @@ jobs:

      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@33d7b85da1a04171e211befe2c739303b9a4c066 # v4.39.3
        with:
          sarif_file: results.sarif
@@ -52,8 +52,12 @@ jobs:
      # the old action fell back to, running community rules with no token.
      # SEMGREP_APP_TOKEN is still passed through so registry auth works if a
      # token is ever added.
+      # The version is pinned, but not by hash: Semgrep pins its own dependencies
+      # to exact or compatible-release versions, so a hash-pinned lock file broke
+      # on almost every Dependabot bump of a transitive dependency. Dependabot
+      # only bumps the semgrep line; pip resolves the rest.
      - name: Install Semgrep
-        run: python3 -m pip install --user semgrep==1.168.0
+        run: python3 -m pip install --user -r cmake/requirements/requirements-semgrep.txt

      # `semgrep scan --sarif` always exits 0 even with findings; continue-on-error
      # is a safety net so the SARIF upload still runs if the scan itself errors.
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:

      # Upload SARIF file generated in previous step
      - name: Upload SARIF file
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@33d7b85da1a04171e211befe2c739303b9a4c066 # v4.39.3
        with:
          sarif_file: semgrep.sarif
        if: always()
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Check that Meson and pkg-config offer the CMake options
        run: make check_build_options
      - name: Install Meson
-        run: pip install meson
+        run: pip install --require-hashes -r cmake/requirements/requirements-meson.txt
      - name: Install with Meson
        run: |
          meson setup build-meson --prefix=${{ github.workspace }}/install
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ jobs:
    container: ubuntu:24.04
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        target: [ci_cmake_flags, ci_test_diagnostics, ci_test_diagnostic_positions, ci_test_noexceptions, ci_test_noimplicitconversions, ci_test_legacycomparison, ci_test_noglobaludls, ci_test_disableenumserialization, ci_test_disabletuplereferenceconversion, ci_test_skiplibraryversioncheck, ci_test_simdutf, ci_test_strict_nul_handling, ci_test_delete_deprecated_functions, ci_test_no_thread_local]
+        target: [ci_cmake_flags, ci_test_diagnostics, ci_test_diagnostic_positions, ci_test_noexceptions, ci_test_noimplicitconversions, ci_test_legacycomparison, ci_test_noglobaludls, ci_test_disableenumserialization, ci_test_disabletuplereferenceconversion, ci_test_skiplibraryversioncheck, ci_test_simdutf, ci_test_strict_nul_handling, ci_test_delete_deprecated_functions, ci_test_no_thread_local, ci_test_recursion_depth_limit_0]
    steps:
      - name: Install build-essential
        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y build-essential unzip wget git
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ cc_library(
        "include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp",
        "include/nlohmann/detail/hash.hpp",
        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp",
+        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/contiguous_parser.hpp",
        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp",
        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp",
        "include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp",
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: all amalgamate check-amalgamation check_build_options pretty install_astyle clean ChangeLog.md release update_hedley update_hedley_undef BUILD.bazel natvis macro_builder_check run_benchmarks pvs_studio serve_header reuse spdx
+.PHONY: all amalgamate check-amalgamation check_build_options pretty install_astyle clean release update_hedley update_hedley_undef BUILD.bazel natvis macro_builder_check run_benchmarks pvs_studio serve_header reuse spdx

 ##########################################################################
 # configuration
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ MACRO_SCOPE_HPP=include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp
 all:
 	@echo "amalgamate - amalgamate files single_include/nlohmann/json{,_fwd,_literals,_view}.hpp from the include/nlohmann sources"
 	@echo "BUILD.bazel - regenerate the Bazel BUILD file from the include/nlohmann sources"
-	@echo "ChangeLog.md - generate ChangeLog file"
 	@echo "check-amalgamation - check whether sources have been amalgamated and BUILD.bazel is up to date"
 	@echo "check_build_options - check that the Meson build and the pkg-config files offer the options of the CMake target"
 	@echo "clean - remove built files"
@@ -175,22 +174,6 @@ check-amalgamation:
 BUILD.bazel:
 	cmake -P cmake/scripts/gen_bazel_build_file.cmake

-##########################################################################
-# ChangeLog
-##########################################################################
-
-# Create a ChangeLog based on the git log using the GitHub Changelog Generator
-# (<https://github.com/github-changelog-generator/github-changelog-generator>).
-
-# variable to control the diffs between the last released version and the current repository state
-NEXT_VERSION ?= "unreleased"
-
-ChangeLog.md:
-	github_changelog_generator -o ChangeLog.md --user nlohmann --project json --simple-list --release-url https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/%s --future-release $(NEXT_VERSION)
-	$(SED) -i 's|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/HEAD|https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/HEAD|' ChangeLog.md
-	$(SED) -i '2i All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).' ChangeLog.md
-
-
 ##########################################################################
 # Release files
 ##########################################################################
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-[![JSON for Modern C++](docs/mkdocs/docs/images/json.gif)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases)
+<a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases">
+  <picture>
+    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="docs/mkdocs/docs/images/json-dark.svg">
+    <img src="docs/mkdocs/docs/images/json-light.svg" alt="JSON for Modern C++: animated feature slideshow">
+  </picture>
+</a>

 [![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/1acb366xfyg3qybk/branch/develop?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/nlohmann/json)
 [![Ubuntu](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/actions?query=workflow%3AUbuntu)
@@ -39,6 +44,7 @@
  - [Conversions to/from arbitrary types](#arbitrary-types-conversions)
  - [Specializing enum conversion](#specializing-enum-conversion)
  - [Binary formats (BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON, BJData, and BON8)](#binary-formats-bson-cbor-messagepack-ubjson-bjdata-and-bon8)
+  - [Zero-copy views](#zero-copy-views)
 - [Customers](#customers)
 - [Ecosystem](#ecosystem)
 - [Supported compilers](#supported-compilers)
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ Other aspects were not so important to us:

 - **Memory efficiency**. Each JSON object has an overhead of one pointer (the maximal size of a union) and one enumeration element (1 byte). The default generalization uses the following C++ data types: `std::string` for strings, `int64_t`, `uint64_t` or `double` for numbers, `std::map` for objects, `std::vector` for arrays, and `bool` for Booleans. However, you can template the generalized class `basic_json` to your needs.

- **Speed**. There are certainly [faster JSON libraries](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time) out there. However, if your goal is to speed up your development by adding JSON support with a single header, then this library is the way to go. If you know how to use a `std::vector` or `std::map`, you are already set.
+- **Speed**. There are certainly [faster JSON libraries](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time) out there. However, if your goal is to speed up your development by adding JSON support with a single header, then this library is the way to go. If you know how to use a `std::vector` or `std::map`, you are already set. The [performance](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/performance/) page shows how to get the most out of the library.

 See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.

@@ -1052,7 +1058,7 @@ struct less_than_32_serializer {
 Be **very** careful when reimplementing your serializer, you can stack overflow if you don't pay attention:

 ```cpp
-template <typename T, void>
+template <typename T, typename = void>
 struct bad_serializer
 {
    template <typename BasicJsonType>
@@ -1063,10 +1069,10 @@ struct bad_serializer
    }

    template <typename BasicJsonType>
-    static void to_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
+    static void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, T& value) {
      // this calls BasicJsonType::json_serializer<T>::from_json(j, value)
      // if BasicJsonType::json_serializer == bad_serializer ... oops!
-      value = j.get<T>(); // oops!
+      value = j.template get<T>(); // oops!
    }
 };
 ```
@@ -1769,7 +1775,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
 330. [AniketDhemare](https://github.com/AniketDhemare) fixed a version in the documentation.
 331. [Philip Müller](https://github.com/philip-paul-mueller) fixed an example.
 332. [Leila Shcheglova](https://github.com/LeilaShcheglova) fixed a warning in a test.
-333. [Alex Prabhat Bara](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) fixed a function name in the documentation.
+333. [Alex Prabhat Bara](https://github.com/alexprabhat99) fixed a function name in the documentation and avoided temporary `basic_json` values for CBOR and MessagePack object keys.
 334. [laterlaugh](https://github.com/laterlaugh) fixed some typos.
 335. [Yuanhao Jia](https://github.com/MrJia1997) fixed the GDB pretty printer.
 336. [Fallen_Breath](https://github.com/Fallen-Breath) fixed an example for JSON Pointer.
@@ -1847,7 +1853,7 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
 408. [Luke Banicevic](https://github.com/banaboi) fixed corrupt BSON output for lengths exceeding `INT32_MAX`, cleaned up the BSON writer, and improved the documentation.
 409. [Patrick Armstrong](https://github.com/Patrick10199) updated the CBOR references and the half-precision float assertions.
 410. [Yash Bavadiya](https://github.com/xevrion) added checks to all BSON reads.
-411. [hum4nBeing](https://github.com/hum4nBeing) fixed the overflow handling of high-precision numbers in UBJSON.
+411. [hum4nBeing](https://github.com/hum4nBeing) and [AJ369ninja](https://github.com/AJ369ninja) fixed the overflow handling of high-precision numbers in UBJSON.
 412. [tomatotomata](https://github.com/tomatotomata) added checks for reading CBOR tagged subtypes.
 413. [YingqiDuan](https://github.com/YingqiDuan) documented the BSON interoperability.
 414. [KBS](https://github.com/youdie006) documented the standards compliance and the strictness of `parse()` and `operator>>`.
@@ -1861,6 +1867,26 @@ I deeply appreciate the help of the following people.
 422. [Avionic Harshit](https://github.com/avionicharshit-byte) made `diff()` linear when an array shrinks.
 423. [Qatadaha Bin Matloob](https://github.com/qatcod) fixed comparisons between integers and floats and fixed unparsable BJData output.
 424. [Wu Shuwen](https://github.com/dajiaohuang) removed an unused include.
+425. [Alexander Lanin](https://github.com/AlexanderLanin) improved the error message of `get_to()` for `const` arguments.
+426. [satelliteprogrammer](https://github.com/satelliteprogrammer) added `merge_diff()` to create JSON Merge Patches (RFC 7396).
+427. [Jeremy Nimmer](https://github.com/jwnimmer-tri) removed `alwayslink` from the Bazel build.
+428. [Dadi Reddy Sai Praneeth Reddy](https://github.com/dsp0redy) made `to_msgpack()` throw when a size exceeds the MessagePack limit.
+429. [ayush-singh-0601](https://github.com/ayush-singh-0601) reduced the runtime of the test suite.
+430. [Kartikey Negi](https://github.com/ReturnKartikey) fixed the CBOR tag handling of tagged values that are not byte strings.
+431. [Michiel van Slobbe](https://github.com/mvanslobbe) sped up the parser by checking for the expected separator first.
+432. [Mohd Quamar Tyagi](https://github.com/Tyagiquamar) allowed SAX parsing of tagged CBOR.
+433. [fhgffy](https://github.com/fhgffy) rejected NUL bytes in UBJSON and BJData high-precision numbers and fixed a `-Wswitch-enum` warning.
+434. [Suyog Verma](https://github.com/commit-msuyog) used MSVC intrinsics for the 128-bit multiplication in the floating-point serialization.
+435. [Bas van Dijk](https://github.com/basdedas) fixed a TU-local exposure of `UTF8_ACCEPT` and `UTF8_REJECT` in C++20 modules.
+436. [Christoph Grüninger](https://github.com/gruenich) fixed a leak and a crash when an allocation throws during parsing.
+437. [Amelia Barnaby](https://github.com/ameliabarnabyhub) made serializing discarded values to binary formats throw instead of writing corrupt output.
+438. [Vesko Karaganev](https://github.com/veselink1) made the destructor use the provided allocator.
+439. [Michael Sam](https://github.com/michaelsam94) kept allocation failures from escaping the `noexcept` destructor.
+440. [Mihnea Magheru](https://github.com/sakuntalle) added a natvis visualizer for `detail::json_default_base`.
+441. [Joseph Demarest](https://github.com/JosephDemarest) rejected nested indefinite-length CBOR strings.
+442. [Afonso Januário](https://github.com/afonsojanu) made `std::hash<basic_json>` consistent with `operator==` for numbers.
+443. [Kartik Gupta](https://github.com/KartikeyG-world) limited the natvis namespace variants to two ABI tags.
+444. [manop55555](https://github.com/manop55555) reported a buffer over-read in `dump()` with large indentation values.

 Thanks a lot for helping out! Please [let me know](mailto:mail@nlohmann.me) if I forgot someone.

@@ -1883,7 +1909,6 @@ The library itself consists of a single header file licensed under the MIT licen
 - [**cpplint**](https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint) for style checks
 - [**doctest**](https://github.com/doctest/doctest) for the unit tests
 - [**Flawfinder**](https://dwheeler.com/flawfinder/) for static analysis
- [**GitHub Changelog Generator**](https://github.com/github-changelog-generator/github-changelog-generator) to generate the [ChangeLog](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/ChangeLog.md)
 - [**Google Benchmark**](https://github.com/google/benchmark) to implement the benchmarks
 - [**Hedley**](https://nemequ.github.io/hedley/) to avoid re-inventing several compiler-agnostic feature macros
 - [**include-what-you-use**](https://include-what-you-use.org) to check the included headers
@@ -1950,7 +1975,7 @@ For more information, see [JSON With Commas and Comments (JWCC)](https://nigelta

 By default, the library does not preserve the **insertion order of object elements**. This is standards-compliant, as the [JSON standard](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259.html) defines objects as "an unordered collection of zero or more name/value pairs".

-If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can try the type [`nlohmann::ordered_json`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/2179). Alternatively, you can use a more sophisticated ordered map like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546#issuecomment-304447518)) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485#issuecomment-333652309)).
+If you do want to preserve the insertion order, you can try the type [`nlohmann::ordered_json`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/ordered_json/). Alternatively, you can use a more sophisticated ordered map like [`tsl::ordered_map`](https://github.com/Tessil/ordered-map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/546#issuecomment-304447518)) or [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map) ([integration](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/485#issuecomment-333652309)).

 See the [**documentation on object order**](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/object_order/) for more information.

@@ -342,6 +342,27 @@ add_custom_target(ci_test_no_thread_local
    COMMENT "Compile and test without thread-local storage"
 )

+###############################################################################
+# Change the number of levels the walks over a value recurse into.
+###############################################################################
+
+# JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT is 128 by default, which is what the whole test
+# suite otherwise runs with. 0 sends every walk to its explicit stack at once,
+# so this target runs the whole suite through the walks that the default only
+# uses for values nested more deeply than 128 levels: results must not depend on
+# the limit. The largest limit, 254, is covered by a build of
+# tests/src/unit-recursion_depth_limit.cpp (see tests/CMakeLists.txt).
+add_custom_target(ci_test_recursion_depth_limit_0
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -GNinja
+    -DJSON_BuildTests=ON -DJSON_FastTests=ON
+    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-DJSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT=0
+    -S${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR} -B${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_recursion_depth_limit_0
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_recursion_depth_limit_0
+    COMMAND cd ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/build_recursion_depth_limit_0 && ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --parallel ${N} --output-on-failure
+    COMMENT "Compile and test with JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT=0"
+)
+
 ###############################################################################
 # Coverage.
 ###############################################################################
@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@
 # __n2)`, which stores `__n1 - __n2` in a signed difference_type and clamps it to int. Any comparison with a shorter
 # view wraps that subtraction on purpose, and -fsanitize=integer reports it as implicit-integer-sign-change. json_view
 # compares keys as string views, so the same check is excluded for <string_view> as well.
+# std::filesystem::path::u8string() in libstdc++ 14 builds a std::u8string from the native char sequence, so
+# basic_string's range copy (_S_copy_chars) converts every char >= 0x80 to char8_t, which -fsanitize=integer reports as
+# implicit-integer-sign-change (test-conversions2_cpp20/cpp23, non-ASCII path). The conversion is intended and happens
+# inside the standard library, not in this library.
 [implicit-integer-sign-change]
 src:*/include/c++/*/format
 src:*/include/c++/*/string_view
+src:*/include/c++/*/bits/basic_string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+meson==1.12.1 \
+    --hash=sha256:930bc7542cbd9f57009e182fd014eba48cf1a0180a7b9006d2d32d8f168d8b02 \
+    --hash=sha256:ab0a6ca09f8ef70c564c8241fb5a23957886a0b53fb58412b5e07eaf07dba743
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+semgrep==1.184.0
@@ -67,7 +67,11 @@ basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
    - **objects**: [`object_t`](object_t.md) and all kinds of compatible associative containers such as `std::map`,
     `std::unordered_map`, `std::multimap`, and `std::unordered_multimap` with a `key_type` compatible to `string_t`
     and a `value_type` from which a `basic_json` value can be constructed.
-    - **strings**: `string_t`, string literals, and all compatible string containers can be used.
+    - **strings**: `string_t`, string literals, and all compatible string containers can be used. Since version 3.13.0,
+      this includes `#!cpp std::u8string` (C++20): its code units are stored as a JSON string and
+      [`get<std::u8string>()`](get.md) reads it back (in version 3.12.0, a `#!cpp std::u8string` was stored as an array
+      of numbers; `get<std::u8string>()` still accepts such an array). `#!cpp std::u8string_view` and `#!cpp char8_t`
+      arrays are not strings; they are stored as arrays of code units.

    !!! note "Rvalue containers are moved from"

@@ -93,10 +97,18 @@ basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
    The constructor tries to convert the internal `m_value` of the parameter. Each member value (object, array, string,
    etc.) is serialized via the corresponding `to_json()` overload. For objects and strings, the conversion requires
    that the *target* `basic_json` type's `object_t::key_type` (or `string_t`) be directly constructible from the
-    *source* type's corresponding member type via `is_constructible`. If this requirement is not met, the conversion
-    does not fail to compile; instead, it silently falls back to the array-conversion path, which represents objects
-    as arrays of `[key, value]` pairs and strings as arrays of character codes. This is a known limitation tracked in
-    [issue #3425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3425).
+    *source* type's corresponding member type via `is_constructible`. If this requirement is not met, the result
+    depends on the *source* string type:
+
+    - If it is a range of characters (it has `begin()` and `end()`, as `std::string` does), the conversion falls back to
+      the array-conversion path, which represents objects as arrays of `[key, value]` pairs and strings as arrays of
+      character codes. This result has a different type than the source value, so the constructor's
+      [`JSON_ASSERT`](../macros/json_assert.md) fails; with its default definition, `assert`, the program aborts unless
+      `NDEBUG` is defined, in which case the array is returned.
+    - Otherwise, the conversion does not compile, even though `#!cpp std::is_constructible` reports `#!cpp true`; for
+      example, when converting a `basic_json` whose `string_t` is the `alt_string` of the unit tests to `json`.
+
+    This is a known limitation tracked in [issue #3425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3425).

 5. Creates a JSON value of type array or object from the passed initializer list `init`. In case `type_deduction` is
   `#!cpp true` (default), the type of the JSON value to be created is deducted from the initializer list `init`
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ is not UTF-8 encoded and `error_handler` is set to `strict`

 ## Complexity

-Linear.
+Linear in the size of the result. With an `indent`, every line starts with up to `indent` characters per nesting level,
+so the result can be larger than the value by a factor of its nesting depth (see
+[Parsing untrusted input](../../features/parsing/untrusted_input.md#nesting-depth)).

 ## Notes

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception occurs, the original value stays intact

 ## Complexity

-Linear in the size of the JSON value.
+Linear in the size of the result. Every key repeats the path of its value, so the keys can be larger than the value by a
+factor of its nesting depth (see [Parsing untrusted input](../../features/parsing/untrusted_input.md#nesting-depth)).

 ## Notes

@@ -69,8 +69,10 @@ Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON va

 ## Exceptions

- Throws [parse_error.110](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error110) if the given input ends prematurely or
-  the end of the file was not reached when `strict` was set to true
+- Throws [parse_error.110](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error110) if the given input ends prematurely,
+  if the end of the file was not reached when `strict` was set to true, or if a string at the end of the value is not
+  terminated by 0xFF although a byte follows it (also when `strict` is false: the byte that ends the string is
+  taken from the input, so the next value would be lost)
 - Throws [parse_error.112](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error112) if a parse error occurs, for instance
  an invalid byte, a string that is not valid UTF-8, or an object key that is not a string

@@ -130,6 +130,12 @@ overload (3).
    `#!cpp json(true).get<double>()` throw. This is the behavior of all 3.x versions;
    [`basic_json_view::get<T>()`](../basic_json_view/get.md) behaves the same.

+!!! note "`std::u8string` conversions"
+
+    Since version 3.13.0, `#!cpp get<std::u8string>()` (C++20) reads a JSON string; it also accepts an array of numbers,
+    the form in which version 3.12.0 stored a `#!cpp std::u8string`. Any other JSON type throws
+    [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) ("type must be string or array").
+
 !!! note "`std::optional` conversions"

    Prior to version 3.13.0, `#!cpp get<std::optional<T>>()` (and other conversions to `std::optional<T>`) failed to
@@ -102,9 +102,12 @@ objects.

 When converting an object from one `basic_json` specialization to another via the
 [converting constructor](basic_json.md) (overload 4), the target `object_t`'s `key_type` must be
-directly constructible from the source `basic_json`'s `string_t` type (or more generally, from the
-source object's key type). If this requirement is not met, the conversion does not fail; instead,
-the object is silently converted as an array of key-value pairs, which is incorrect. See
+directly constructible from the source object's key type (with the default `std::map`, the source `basic_json`'s
+`string_t`). If this requirement is not met and the source string type is a range of characters, the
+object is converted as an array of key-value pairs, which is incorrect: the converting constructor's
+[`JSON_ASSERT`](../macros/json_assert.md) fails; with its default definition, `assert`, the program aborts unless
+`NDEBUG` is defined, in which case the array is returned. If the source string type is not a range of characters, the
+conversion does not compile at all. See [`basic_json`](basic_json.md) and
 [issue #3425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3425) for details and an example.

 ## Examples
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ reference operator+=(initializer_list_t init);
    `init` is converted into an object element and added using `operator+=(const typename object_t::value_type&)`.
    Otherwise, `init` is converted to a JSON value and added using `operator+=(basic_json&&)`.

+    !!! note "Single braced JSON value"
+
+        For a call such as `#!cpp arr += {obj}`, where the initializer list contains a single JSON value `obj`,
+        compilers may disagree unless
+        [`JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS`](../macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics.md) is defined to `1`: GCC, for
+        example, selects this overload and appends a single-element array `[obj]`, whereas Clang selects the
+        `basic_json` overload and appends a copy of `obj`. With the macro, GCC and Clang both append a copy of `obj`.
+        To get a portable result without the macro, write `#!cpp arr += obj` to append a copy, or
+        `#!cpp arr += json::array({obj})` to append a single-element array.
+
 ## Iterator invalidation

 For all cases where an element is added to an **array**, a reallocation can happen, in which case all iterators (including
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ Linear.
      2. Comparing a `NaN` with another `NaN`.
      3. Comparing a `NaN` and any other number.

+    For arrays and objects, the elements are compared in order. If the comparison reaches a `NaN` and a number (or
+    another `NaN`) before any other difference, the result depends on the language standard. Before C++20, the pair
+    counts as equivalent and the following elements (or the sizes) decide: for instance, `[NaN] < [1, NaN]` and
+    `[1] <= [NaN]` are `#!cpp true`. Since C++20, the whole comparison is unordered, and `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=` all
+    yield `#!cpp false`. Otherwise (for example `[1, NaN] < [2, NaN]`, or objects whose keys differ), the result is the
+    same for all language standards. The same program can therefore order such values differently when it is compiled
+    with a different language standard.
+
 !!! note "Operator overload resolution"

    Since C++20 overload resolution will consider the _rewritten candidate_ generated from
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ Linear.
      2. Comparing a `NaN` with another `NaN`.
      3. Comparing a `NaN` and any other number.

+    For arrays and objects, the elements are compared in order. If the comparison reaches a `NaN` and a number (or
+    another `NaN`) before any other difference, the result depends on the language standard. Before C++20, the pair
+    counts as equivalent and the following elements (or the sizes) decide: for instance, `[NaN] < [1, NaN]` and
+    `[1] <= [NaN]` are `#!cpp true`. Since C++20, the whole comparison is unordered, and `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=` all
+    yield `#!cpp false`. Otherwise (for example `[1, NaN] < [2, NaN]`, or objects whose keys differ), the result is the
+    same for all language standards. The same program can therefore order such values differently when it is compiled
+    with a different language standard.
+
 !!! note "Operator overload resolution"

    Since C++20 overload resolution will consider the _rewritten candidate_ generated from
@@ -61,6 +61,14 @@ Linear.
      2. Comparing a `NaN` with another `NaN`.
      3. Comparing a `NaN` and any other number.

+    For arrays and objects, the elements are compared in order. If the comparison reaches a `NaN` and a number (or
+    another `NaN`) before any other difference, the result depends on the language standard. Before C++20, the pair
+    counts as equivalent and the following elements (or the sizes) decide: for instance, `[NaN] < [1, NaN]` and
+    `[1] <= [NaN]` are `#!cpp true`. Since C++20, the whole comparison is unordered, and `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=` all
+    yield `#!cpp false`. Otherwise (for example `[1, NaN] < [2, NaN]`, or objects whose keys differ), the result is the
+    same for all language standards. The same program can therefore order such values differently when it is compiled
+    with a different language standard.
+
 !!! note "Operator overload resolution"

    Since C++20 overload resolution will consider the _rewritten candidate_ generated from
@@ -71,6 +71,14 @@ Linear.
      2. Comparing a `NaN` with another `NaN`.
      3. Comparing a `NaN` and any other number.

+    For arrays and objects, the elements are compared in order. If the comparison reaches a `NaN` and a number (or
+    another `NaN`) before any other difference, the result depends on the language standard. Before C++20, the pair
+    counts as equivalent and the following elements (or the sizes) decide: for instance, `[NaN] < [1, NaN]` and
+    `[1] <= [NaN]` are `#!cpp true`. Since C++20, the whole comparison is unordered, and `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=` all
+    yield `#!cpp false`. Otherwise (for example `[1, NaN] < [2, NaN]`, or objects whose keys differ), the result is the
+    same for all language standards. The same program can therefore order such values differently when it is compiled
+    with a different language standard.
+
 !!! note "Operator overload resolution"

    Since C++20 overload resolution will consider the _rewritten candidate_ generated from
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ Linear.
        1. Comparing a `NaN` with itself.
        2. Comparing a `NaN` with another `NaN`.
        3. Comparing a `NaN` and any other number.
+    - For arrays and objects, the elements are compared in order. If the comparison reaches a `NaN` and a number (or
+      another `NaN`) before any other difference, the result is `std::partial_ordering::unordered`. (Without C++20, the
+      comparison operators `<`, `<=`, `>`, and `>=` use the comparison of the containers, which treats such a pair as
+      equivalent; see [**operator<**](operator_lt.md).)

 ## Examples

@@ -130,11 +130,13 @@ outside of a string, invalid) byte; see the [FAQ entry](../../home/faq.md#nul-by

    Contiguous inputs (strings, string views, vectors, arrays, pointer ranges) are the fastest to parse. A
    `#!cpp std::istream` comes close: the parser scans the characters its stream buffer holds in bulk, without reading
-    ahead, so the stream is left exactly where it would be after reading one character at a time. A `#!cpp FILE*` is
-    read one character at a time, but the file is locked only once, so other threads that use the same `FILE` object
-    wait until parsing is done. See [input sources and performance](../../features/parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance),
-    [`JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN`](../macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan.md), and
-    [`JSON_DISABLE_UNLOCKED_FILE_IO`](../macros/json_disable_unlocked_file_io.md).
+    ahead, so the stream is left exactly where it would be after reading one character at a time. With glibc
+    and the Apple C library, the characters the `#!cpp FILE` holds in its buffer are scanned in bulk like a stream's;
+    elsewhere a `#!cpp FILE*` is read one character at a time. Where the C library has unlocked stdio functions, the
+    file is locked only once, so other threads that use the same `FILE` object wait until parsing is done, unless
+    [`JSON_DISABLE_UNLOCKED_FILE_IO`](../macros/json_disable_unlocked_file_io.md) is defined to `1`. See
+    [input sources and performance](../../features/parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance) and
+    [`JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN`](../macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan.md).

 ## Examples

@@ -311,6 +313,10 @@ outside of a string, invalid) byte; see the [FAQ entry](../../home/faq.md#nul-by
  it as end of input; planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.
 - Extended empty-input detection to also cover an `std::istream` without a stream buffer, and fixed a crash
  (`std::terminate`) when parsing from an `std::istream` with `eofbit` in its exception mask, in version 3.13.0.
+- Fixed the position that a [`parse_error.101`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) reports for an
+  unexpected number that is followed by a line feed in version 3.13.0: for the input `1`, line feed, `2`, line feed,
+  version 3.12.0 reported "line 2, column 0" and version 3.13.0 reports "line 2, column 1"; for `1 2` and a line feed,
+  the report was "line 1, column 0" and is now "line 1, column 3".
 - Parsing from an `std::istream` scans the characters in its stream buffer in bulk in version 3.13.0
  ([`JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN`](../macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan.md) restores reading one character at a
  time).
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ void push_back(initializer_list_t init);
    `init` is converted into an object element and added using `push_back(const typename object_t::value_type&)`.
    Otherwise, `init` is converted to a JSON value and added using `push_back(basic_json&&)`.

+    !!! note "Single braced JSON value"
+
+        For a call such as `#!cpp arr.push_back({obj})`, where the initializer list contains a single JSON value `obj`,
+        compilers may disagree unless
+        [`JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS`](../macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics.md) is defined to `1`: GCC, for
+        example, selects this overload and appends a single-element array `[obj]`, whereas Clang selects the
+        `basic_json` overload and appends a copy of `obj`. With the macro, GCC and Clang both append a copy of `obj`.
+        To get a portable result without the macro, write `#!cpp arr.push_back(obj)` to append a copy, or
+        `#!cpp arr.push_back(json::array({obj}))` to append a single-element array.
+
 ## Iterator invalidation

 For all cases where an element is added to an **array**, a reallocation can happen, in which case all iterators (including
@@ -124,9 +124,10 @@ consumer `sax` has a super-linear complexity.

 A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.

-When reading from a `#!c FILE*`, the file is locked while it is parsed. The lock is recursive, so the SAX handler may
-use the same file with stdio functions, but it must not wait for another thread that uses the same `FILE` object; see
-[`JSON_DISABLE_UNLOCKED_FILE_IO`](../macros/json_disable_unlocked_file_io.md).
+When reading from a `#!c FILE*` where the C library has unlocked stdio functions, the file is locked while it is parsed,
+unless [`JSON_DISABLE_UNLOCKED_FILE_IO`](../macros/json_disable_unlocked_file_io.md) is defined to `1`.
+The lock is recursive, so the SAX handler may use the same file with stdio functions, but it must not wait for another
+thread that uses the same `FILE` object.

 ## Examples

@@ -67,3 +67,7 @@ Constant.
 ## Version history

 - Added in version 3.12.0.
+- Fixed in version 3.13.0: in version 3.12.0, the start position of a string that contains escape sequences (for
+  example `#!cpp "\n"` or `#!cpp "\u00e4"`) was too large, by the number of bytes the escape sequences add to the
+  source text. The position is now always that of the opening `"`. The "(bytes a-b)" range in the messages of
+  [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) was wrong in the same way.
@@ -60,9 +60,11 @@ String values are stored as pointers in a `basic_json` type. That is, for any ac
 When converting a string value from one `basic_json` specialization to another via the
 [converting constructor](basic_json.md) (overload 4), the target `string_t` must be directly
 constructible from the source `basic_json`'s `string_t` type. If this requirement is not met, the
-conversion does not fail; instead, the string is silently converted as an array of character codes,
-which is incorrect. See [issue #3425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3425) for details
-and an example.
+conversion depends on the source string type. If it is a range of characters, the string is converted as an array of
+character codes, which is incorrect: the converting constructor's [`JSON_ASSERT`](../macros/json_assert.md) fails; with
+its default definition, `assert`, the program aborts unless `NDEBUG` is defined, in which case the array is returned.
+If the source string type is not a range of characters, the conversion does not compile at all. See
+[issue #3425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3425) for details and an example.

 ## Examples

@@ -111,8 +111,9 @@ points apply to every edit:
  the end, and, with [`number_format::source`](../basic_json_view/number_format.md), keeps the spelling of every
  number that was not itself edited — see [Editing a document](../../features/json_view/editing.md) for
  why this matters.
- [`read()`](read.md) discards all edits, [`shrink_to_fit()`](shrink_to_fit.md) does not move the node index once
-  there are edits, and [`memory_usage()`](memory_usage.md) includes the memory edits use.
+- [`read()`](read.md) discards all edits (so its `input` must not be a string obtained from this document),
+  [`shrink_to_fit()`](shrink_to_fit.md) does not move the node index once there are edits, and
+  [`memory_usage()`](memory_usage.md) includes the memory edits use.
  [`source_offset()`](../basic_json_view/source_offset.md) of a value introduced by an edit is
  `#!cpp static_cast<std::size_t>(-1)`, the same value it reports for a decoded string.

@@ -113,11 +113,12 @@ How thoroughly `load()` validates `image` before trusting it.
 `full` (the default)
 :   Checks everything the parser itself guarantees: structure and bounds; that every string is valid UTF-8 (and, for a
    string still in the source text, that it contains no quote, backslash, or control character); and that every number
-    token is well-formed and matches the value stored for it. Strings and float tokens may share a range only if the
-    ranges are identical (as nodes that share a value do), and never overlap otherwise. Reading and serializing a
-    checked image is safe and always produces valid JSON, exactly as for a parsed document. This is the right choice for
-    an image from anything you do not fully control — a file, a cache shared with other processes, a peer on the
-    network.
+    token is well-formed and matches the value stored for it, and has the type the parser gives it (a float node only
+    for a token with a fraction or an exponent, or an integer that does not fit 64 bits). Strings and float tokens may
+    share a range only if the ranges are identical (as nodes that share a value do), and never overlap otherwise.
+    Reading and serializing a checked image is safe and always produces valid JSON, exactly as for a parsed document.
+    This is the right choice for an image from anything you do not fully control — a file, a cache shared with other
+    processes, a peer on the network.

 `bounds`
 :   Checks structure and bounds only: that every offset and count in the node index stays inside the image. So
@@ -46,6 +46,34 @@ Linear in the length of the input.
 Every view taken from `#!cpp *this` before the call — including the previous [`root()`](root.md) — is invalidated,
 whether or not the new parse succeeds; take fresh views from [`root()`](root.md) afterward.

+!!! warning "`input` must not point into the document itself"
+
+    `read()` releases the document's previous text, its decoded strings, and (for an editable document) its edits
+    *before* it parses `input`. An `input` that is, or points into, any of them violates a precondition: it may seem to
+    work, parse empty or garbled text, be reported by a sanitizer, or read freed memory (undefined behavior).
+
+    This applies to every `string_view` obtained from the document whose characters live in memory that `read()`
+    releases:
+
+    - [`source()`](source.md) of a document that owns its text;
+    - [`get_string()`](../basic_json_view/get_string.md) (also as `get<string_view_t>()` or a `string_view` member of a
+      decoded struct) of a string with escapes, of a string of a document that owns its text, and of an edited string;
+    - [`number_token()`](../basic_json_view/number_token.md) of a number of a document that owns its text, and of a
+      number written by an edit;
+    - the key of an object member (`key()`) if it has escapes, was written by an edit, or the document owns its text.
+
+    It does not apply to a text that the caller owns and the document borrows, nor to the strings, keys, and tokens that
+    are read from such a text unchanged, nor to the decoded strings of a borrowed [image](load.md), which live in the
+    caller's image: `read()` never touches them. To parse JSON that a document holds in a string of its own (for
+    example, JSON embedded in a string value), copy the string first, for example with
+    `#!cpp std::string inner(doc.root()["payload"].get_string()); doc.read(inner);`.
+
+    A debug build (one without `NDEBUG`) checks this with `assert()`: an `input` in the document's text, decoded
+    strings, or image, or in the most recent buffer of strings written by edits, ends the program. (Strings written
+    by earlier edits are not covered.) A release build does not check, to keep the cost of reusing a document at a
+    minimum. The check uses `assert()` directly, not [`JSON_ASSERT`](../macros/json_assert.md), which `json.hpp`
+    undefines at its end.
+
 `input` is borrowed or owned by the same rules as [`parse()`](parse.md#notes); a document can borrow on one call and
 own on the next, since ownership is decided freshly each time. An input that is copied (see the table in
 [`parse()`](parse.md#notes)) is written into the document's previous owned copy, reusing its memory; a moved-in
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ Constant.
 For a borrowed document, `source()` points directly into the caller's buffer, so it is only valid while that buffer
 is; see [`owns_source`](owns_source.md).

+The text of a document that owns it must not be passed to [`read()`](read.md) of the same document: `read()` releases
+an owned text before it parses its input. Copy it first. (A borrowed text belongs to the caller and is not affected.)
+
 ## Examples

 ??? example
@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@ Strong exception safety: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes to the

 May throw `#!cpp std::bad_alloc` if allocating the output string fails. Unlike
 [`BasicJsonType::dump`](../basic_json/dump.md), there is no `error_handler` parameter and no
-[`type_error.316`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error316): the view only ever holds text the parser
-already validated as UTF-8, so there is nothing to replace or ignore.
+[`type_error.316`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error316): the parser validated the text the view
+holds as UTF-8, so there is nothing to replace or ignore. Only a document loaded with
+[`image_check::bounds` or `image_check::none`](../basic_json_document/load.md#image_check) can still throw it: these do
+not check the strings, so `dump()` writes such a string as it is, which can be invalid UTF-8 or invalid JSON, and
+`dump()` with `ensure_ascii` set to `#!cpp true` throws `type_error.316` for invalid UTF-8.

 ## Complexity

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ The returned [`string_view_t`](index.md#member-types) is valid exactly as long a
 source text, which for a borrowed document must remain valid **and unmodified** for as long as the document exists,
 since floating-point values and unescaped strings are read from the source lazily.

+A string with escapes, a string of a document that owns its text, and an edited string must not be passed to
+[`read()`](../basic_json_document/read.md) of the document it came from: `read()` releases them before it parses its
+input. Copy the string first. (A string read unchanged from a borrowed text is not affected.)
+
 ## Examples

 ??? example
@@ -38,9 +38,14 @@ by the grammar; trailing zeros in the fraction; the case and sign of the exponen
 useful precisely where that form must survive — a price or an identifier that must be reproduced exactly, or a
 number too large for any of `BasicJsonType`'s number types to hold without loss.

-The returned [`string_view_t`](index.md#member-types) always points into the document's
-[`source()`](../basic_json_document/source.md) text — numbers are never decoded into the document's separate string
-buffer — and is valid exactly as long as that text is, see the [validity rules](index.md) of `basic_json_view`.
+The returned [`string_view_t`](index.md#member-types) points into the document's
+[`source()`](../basic_json_document/source.md) text or, for a number written by an
+[edit](../basic_json_document/index.md#edits), into storage owned by the document (the token of an edited `NaN` is
+`nan`). It is valid exactly as long as that text or storage is, see the [validity rules](index.md) of
+`basic_json_view`. Numbers are never decoded into the document's separate string buffer.
+
+For the same reason, the token must not be passed to [`read()`](../basic_json_document/read.md) of the document it came
+from if that document owns its text or the number was written by an edit: `read()` releases both before it parses.

 ## Examples

@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ compared. Two arrays of different [`size()`](size.md) are rejected without visit
 Only a single number, boolean, or `#!cpp null` value is ever materialized into a `BasicJsonType`, to reuse its
 `operator==` — for numbers, so that values written differently in the source text but equal in value (e.g. an
 integer and a floating-point literal) still compare equal, following the same rules `BasicJsonType` does for special
-values such as `#!cpp NaN`. Constructing one of these scalars never allocates. Strings are compared directly, without
+values such as `#!cpp NaN`: a `#!cpp NaN` that an [edit](../basic_json_document/set.md) wrote is not equal to itself, so
+a view of it is not equal to itself either, nor is a view of an array or object that contains one, as for
+`BasicJsonType`. Constructing one of these scalars never allocates. Strings are compared directly, without
 allocating, either from the source text on both sides or, for overload 2, against `BasicJsonType`'s own string.
 Arrays and objects are never materialized at all; only their elements or members are visited, one pair at a time.

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ header. See also the [macro overview page](../../features/macros.md).
 - [**JSON_NO_IO**](json_no_io.md) - switch off functions relying on certain C++ I/O headers
 - [**JSON_NO_SIMD**](json_no_simd.md) - use only portable code instead of vector instructions (SSE2, SSSE3, NEON)
 - [**JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL**](json_no_thread_local.md) - switch off the use of `thread_local` storage
+- [**JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT**](json_recursion_depth_limit.md) - set how many nesting levels the operations on a value
+  recurse into on the call stack (default 128)
 - [**JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK**](json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check.md) - do not warn about unsupported compilers
 - [**JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS**](json_use_global_udls.md) - place user-defined string literals (UDLs) into the global namespace
 - [**JSON_USE_SIMDUTF**](json_use_simdutf.md) - use the simdutf library to accelerate UTF-8 validation
@@ -27,9 +27,13 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled — existing behavior is preserved).
    json j{obj};
    ```

-    creates a single-element **array** `[{"key":"value"}]` instead of a copy of `obj`. This behavior is
-    compiler-dependent for older compilers (GCC wrapped, Clang did not), but starting from Clang 20, both compilers
-    behave the same way.
+    creates a single-element **array** `[{"key":"value"}]` instead of a copy of `obj`. For this constructor, the
+    behavior was compiler-dependent for older compilers (GCC wrapped, Clang did not), but starting from Clang 20, both
+    compilers behave the same way.
+
+    The calls `#!cpp arr.push_back({obj})` and `#!cpp arr += {obj}` are still compiler-dependent without the macro,
+    even with Clang 20 and later: GCC converts `{obj}` to a single-element array and appends that array, whereas Clang
+    appends a copy of `obj`. With the macro defined to `1`, both compilers append a copy of `obj`.

    Enabling this macro opts into copy/move semantics for this case
    (see [#5074](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5074)).
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ or quotes.
 Note that enabling this macro increases the size of every JSON value by two `std::size_t` fields and adds slight runtime
 overhead to parsing, copying JSON value objects, and the generation of error messages for exceptions. It also causes
 these values to be reported in those error messages.
+In addition, `parse()`, `accept()`, and `sax_parse()` no longer use the
+[faster path for input in one block of memory](../../features/parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance), so
+parsing a string or a buffer is slower than without the macro.

 If [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](json_diagnostics.md) is also set, the message contains the path and the byte range, such as
 `(/1) (bytes 4-8)`. An exception about the root value has no path and only the range, such as `(bytes 0-4)`.
@@ -122,3 +125,5 @@ When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
 ## Version history

 - Added in version 3.12.0.
+- Fixed in version 3.13.0: in version 3.12.0, [`start_pos()`](../basic_json/start_pos.md) of a string that contains
+  escape sequences was too large; it is now the position of the opening `"`.
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ The default value is `0`: streams are scanned in bulk.
 !!! note "Performance"

    Parsing from a `std::ifstream` or `std::istringstream` is typically 1.5 to 2 times as fast as before, and reading
-    many small values from one stream with `operator>>` 1.4 to 4 times as fast. Parsing from a stream is then within
-    about 10 to 20 % of first reading the whole file into a `std::string` and parsing that.
+    many small values from one stream with `operator>>` 1.4 to 4 times as fast. Parsing from a stream then takes about
+    1.15 to 1.45 times as long as first reading the whole file into a `std::string` and parsing that.

    A stream buffer without a get area (one that only overrides `underflow()` and `uflow()` and hands out every
    character from there) offers nothing to scan in bulk, so it is read one character at a time as before.
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ Copying and comparing fall back to working without the call stack there, as they

 ## See also

+- [`JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT`](json_recursion_depth_limit.md) - set how many nesting levels the operations recurse into
 - [FAQ: Thread safety](../../home/faq.md#thread-safety) - thread-safety guarantees of the library
 - [Supported Macros](../../features/macros.md) - guide to all supported macros

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+# JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT
+
+```cpp
+#define JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT /* value */
+```
+
+This macro sets how many nesting levels the operations that walk a value recurse into on the call stack. Beyond that,
+they continue with an explicit stack on the heap. The value is an integer constant from `0` to `254`; the default is
+`128`.
+
+The operations are copying a value, comparing two values, serializing with [`dump`](../basic_json/dump.md) or
+[`operator<<`](../operator_ltlt.md), hashing with `std::hash`, [`merge_patch`](../basic_json/merge_patch.md),
+[`update`](../basic_json/update.md) with `merge_objects`, [`diff`](../basic_json/diff.md),
+[`merge_diff`](../basic_json/merge_diff.md), converting a value to another specialization of `basic_json`, destroying a
+value, and the binary writers [`to_cbor`](../basic_json/to_cbor.md),
+[`to_msgpack`](../basic_json/to_msgpack.md), [`to_ubjson`](../basic_json/to_ubjson.md),
+[`to_bjdata`](../basic_json/to_bjdata.md), and [`to_bon8`](../basic_json/to_bon8.md). They share this one limit; none
+has
+a limit of its own. Recursing is the fastest way to walk a value, but a value nested deeply enough would exhaust the
+call
+stack, so the library recurses only as far as the limit and finishes the levels below with an explicit stack. This is
+what makes all of them safe for untrusted input
+(see [Nesting depth](../../features/parsing/untrusted_input.md#nesting-depth)). Parsing, the binary readers,
+[`flatten`](../basic_json/flatten.md), [`unflatten`](../basic_json/unflatten.md), and
+[`to_bson`](../basic_json/to_bson.md) always use an explicit stack and do not depend on the macro. The lockstep
+comparison of two [`json_view`](../basic_json_view/index.md) documents has a fixed bound of its own, 48 levels,
+and does not depend on it either.
+
+The call stack that these operations need grows with the limit: roughly *a few kilobytes plus a cost per level times the
+limit*, where the cost per level is up to about 1.8 KiB in an unoptimized and up to about 0.5 KiB in an optimized build
+(see [Stack needed](#stack-needed)). The default of `128` levels is tuned for threads with ordinary stacks of a few
+hundred kilobytes or more. Set a lower limit if your threads have small stacks (RTOS tasks, fibers, threads of the musl
+C
+library, which has a default stack of 128 KiB), or a higher limit to trade stack for speed on deeply nested values.
+
+The macro changes only how much stack is used and how fast the operations are. It never changes a result: every
+operation returns the same value for every setting of the limit, for values nested less deeply than the limit as well as
+for values nested more deeply.
+
+## Default definition
+
+The default value is `128`.
+
+```cpp
+#define JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT 128
+```
+
+When the macro is not defined, the library defines it to its default value.
+
+## Notes
+
+!!! note "Allowed values"
+
+    The value must be an integer constant expression from `0` to `254`; any other value (a negative number, a number
+    above `254`, a floating-point number such as `254.0`, or `true` or `false`) is rejected at compile time with an
+    error message that names the macro. A character of any character type (`'a'`, `L'a'`, `u8'a'`, ...) is rejected,
+    too, although it is an integer.
+
+    - `0` is allowed, and means that every operation uses its explicit stack from the first level on and no operation
+      recurses over the nesting of a value at all. That needs a constant amount of call stack (at most 16 KiB in the
+      measurements below, for a value nested 20,000 levels deep) and is the setting for tiny stacks, at the price of
+      speed (see [Speed](#speed)).
+    - `254` is the largest allowed value. Copying a value and comparing two values (with `<=>`, or with the operators on
+      objects and arrays of a custom type) cannot pass the depth down as an argument, because the signatures of the
+      copy constructor and the operators are fixed. They count the levels they have descended into in a variable of type
+      `#!cpp std::uint8_t` that exists once per thread (see [`JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL`](json_no_thread_local.md)). Only
+      the levels that are descended into are counted, so the count never exceeds the limit, not even when user code (a
+      copy constructor of a custom base class, say) copies a value while a copy is going on. A byte holds `255` at
+      most, and the limit stays below that, so that the count cannot wrap around. (More levels would hardly be
+      useful: `254` levels need up to 448 KiB of stack in an unoptimized build already, twice as much as the
+      default.)
+
+### Stack needed
+
+The tables show the smallest stack that an operation needs, in KiB, at several limits, on a value that is nested
+more deeply than the limit (limit + 10 levels). Each cell shows the result for Clang (Apple clang 21) and for
+GCC 16, separated by a slash; both measured on macOS with arm64, compiling in C++20 mode. The operations run in a
+thread whose stack has the size given, and are not given any stack that they do not need: the value is built, and
+the result destroyed, outside of that thread. Stacks can only be set in steps of 16 KiB (the page size), so `16`
+means "16 KiB or less". A row stands for all operations listed; the table shows the largest value among them.
+
+Unoptimized (`-O0`):
+
+| Operation | limit 16 | limit 32 | limit 64 | limit 128 | limit 254 |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
+| `dump()` and `dump(indent)`, `operator<<` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 48 / 48 | 96 / 96 |
+| copy construction and assignment | 32 / 16 | 48 / 32 | 112 / 80 | 224 / 144 | 432 / 304 |
+| `==` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 48 / 32 | 96 / 48 |
+| `<=>` (C++20) | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 64 / 64 | 144 / 128 |
+| `std::hash` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 80 / 64 | 160 / 128 |
+| `merge_patch`, `update(j, true)`, `patch` | 32 / 16 | 48 / 32 | 112 / 80 | 224 / 144 | 432 / 304 |
+| `diff` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 64 / 48 | 144 / 96 |
+| `merge_diff` | 16 / 16 | 48 / 32 | 80 / 48 | 176 / 112 | 352 / 224 |
+| `to_cbor`, `to_msgpack` | 16 / 16 | 32 / 16 | 64 / 32 | 112 / 80 | 224 / 160 |
+| `to_ubjson`, `to_bjdata` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 48 / 32 | 96 / 64 | 176 / 112 |
+| `to_bon8` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 16 | 64 / 48 |
+| conversion to another `basic_json` type | 32 / 16 | 64 / 32 | 112 / 80 | 224 / 144 | 448 / 304 |
+| destruction | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 |
+
+Optimized (`-O2`):
+
+| Operation | limit 16 | limit 32 | limit 64 | limit 128 | limit 254 |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
+| `dump()` and `dump(indent)`, `operator<<` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 |
+| copy construction and assignment | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 64 / 48 |
+| `==` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 |
+| `<=>` (C++20) | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 48 / 16 |
+| `std::hash` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 48 | 80 / 80 |
+| `merge_patch`, `update(j, true)`, `patch` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 64 / 48 |
+| `diff` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 32 | 48 / 48 | 96 / 112 |
+| `merge_diff` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 48 / 32 | 96 / 64 |
+| `to_cbor`, `to_msgpack` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 |
+| `to_ubjson`, `to_bjdata` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 32 | 64 / 64 |
+| `to_bon8` | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 32 | 32 / 64 |
+| conversion to another `basic_json` type | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 32 / 48 | 64 / 96 |
+| destruction | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 | 16 / 16 |
+
+With a limit of `0`, every operation in the tables ran in a 16 KiB stack at `-O0` (Clang and GCC), on a value nested
+20,000 levels deep. The operations that do not depend on the macro (`flatten`, `unflatten`, `to_bson`) needed
+16 KiB or less at every limit.
+
+The rule of thumb is
+
+> stack needed ≈ a few KiB + cost per level × limit
+
+with a cost per level of up to 1.8 KiB (conversion to another `basic_json` type at `-O0` with Clang; 1.3 KiB with
+GCC), 1.7 KiB for copying and merging (1.3 KiB with GCC), 0.4 KiB for `dump`, and 0.1 to 0.5 KiB for most other
+operations at `-O0`; and 0.5 KiB or less at `-O2`. The numbers come from the difference between the limits `128` and
+`254` in the tables, so they are rough: other compilers, other targets (the frames of x86-64 code are about as large),
+other standard libraries, `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`, and sanitizers change them. Measure with your own tool chain (see the
+example below) rather than relying on the tables. The stack that your own code and the operating system need comes on
+top of these numbers.
+
+Which limit to choose, for the stack that you can spare for the library (the largest limit of those measured
+for which the slowest operation needs at most that much):
+
+| Stack for the library | optimized (`-O2`) | unoptimized (`-O0`) |
+|---|---:|---:|
+| 32 KiB | 64 | 16 |
+| 64 KiB | 128 | 32 |
+| 128 KiB (the default stack of threads on musl) | 254 | 64 |
+| 256 KiB | 254 | 128 |
+| 512 KiB | 254 | 254 |
+| 1 MiB or more | 254 | 254 |
+
+### Speed
+
+Operations are faster the more of a value they handle with plain recursion. The levels below the limit are handled with
+an explicit stack, which has to be kept on the heap and costs more per level. The macro therefore trades speed against
+stack.
+
+The table shows the time of copying a value (including destroying the copy), of `==` on two equal values, of `dump`, and
+of `std::hash` for several limits, relative to the default of `128` (`1.00` means the same time; more is slower). It was
+measured with Clang 21 at `-O2` in C++17 mode on macOS with arm64, as the best of seven runs of each setting (two
+rounds, best of both). The documents are ordinary JSON files that are nested 7 (`canada.json`), 8
+(`citm_catalog.json`), 10 (`twitter.json`), and 2 levels deep (`jeopardy.json`); the other values are one array or object
+with one member per level, nested 1,000 and 100,000 levels deep. The absolute time at the limit `128` is given in the
+third column. Differences of up to about 0.1 are noise: a different limit changes the layout of the compiled code, and
+timings of the same binary vary by about as much. The slow columns (limits 0 and 1) vary more: repeating `std::hash` on
+`canada.json` gave 1.27 to 1.30 for limit 0 and 1.4 to 1.9 for limit 1, so read the cells of those two columns as
+accurate to about 0.3.
+
+| Value | Operation | limit 128 (absolute) | limit 0 | limit 1 | limit 16 | limit 254 |
+|---|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
+| `canada.json` (2.1 MB) | copy | 3.5 ms | 1.80 | 1.80 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
+| `canada.json` (2.1 MB) | `==` | 350.5 µs | 2.36 | 2.38 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
+| `canada.json` (2.1 MB) | `dump` | 2.4 ms | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+| `canada.json` (2.1 MB) | `std::hash` | 920.2 µs | 1.33 | 1.59 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+| `citm_catalog.json` (1.7 MB) | copy | 1.8 ms | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.00 | 0.99 |
+| `citm_catalog.json` (1.7 MB) | `==` | 275.5 µs | 1.31 | 1.31 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
+| `citm_catalog.json` (1.7 MB) | `dump` | 314.6 µs | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+| `citm_catalog.json` (1.7 MB) | `std::hash` | 309.1 µs | 1.77 | 1.42 | 1.06 | 1.05 |
+| `twitter.json` (0.6 MB) | copy | 865.7 µs | 1.45 | 1.47 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
+| `twitter.json` (0.6 MB) | `==` | 135.8 µs | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+| `twitter.json` (0.6 MB) | `dump` | 224.6 µs | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
+| `twitter.json` (0.6 MB) | `std::hash` | 132.9 µs | 1.28 | 1.27 | 1.03 | 1.04 |
+| `jeopardy.json` (53 MB) | copy | 111.1 ms | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+| `jeopardy.json` (53 MB) | `==` | 23.5 ms | 1.29 | 1.53 | 1.07 | 1.00 |
+| `jeopardy.json` (53 MB) | `dump` | 33.2 ms | 1.14 | 1.34 | 1.03 | 1.01 |
+| `jeopardy.json` (53 MB) | `std::hash` | 19.9 ms | 1.17 | 1.52 | 1.05 | 1.00 |
+| arrays, 1,000 levels | copy | 69.9 µs | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.99 |
+| arrays, 1,000 levels | `==` | 10.4 µs | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.00 |
+| arrays, 1,000 levels | `dump` | 9.6 µs | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 1.06 |
+| arrays, 1,000 levels | `std::hash` | 16.9 µs | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.98 |
+| objects, 1,000 levels | copy | 77.1 µs | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.03 |
+| objects, 1,000 levels | `==` | 12.0 µs | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.07 |
+| objects, 1,000 levels | `dump` | 12.6 µs | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.01 |
+| objects, 1,000 levels | `std::hash` | 17.3 µs | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
+| arrays, 100,000 levels | copy | 6.4 ms | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+| arrays, 100,000 levels | `==` | 1.1 ms | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.06 |
+| arrays, 100,000 levels | `dump` | 917.9 µs | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 |
+| arrays, 100,000 levels | `std::hash` | 1.7 ms | 1.04 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
+| objects, 100,000 levels | copy | 7.5 ms | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.99 |
+| objects, 100,000 levels | `==` | 1.3 ms | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 0.96 |
+| objects, 100,000 levels | `dump` | 1.2 ms | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.99 |
+| objects, 100,000 levels | `std::hash` | 1.8 ms | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
+
+The results are as follows.
+
+- A limit of `16` or more does not change the speed of ordinary documents (differences are within noise), because they
+  are not nested more deeply than that anyway. A document nested more deeply than the limit is walked partly with the
+  explicit stack.
+- A limit of `0` or `1` makes the operations on ordinary documents 1.1 to 2.4 times as slow, because even their first
+  levels are handled with the explicit stack. The slowdown is largest for `==` on a document of many small containers
+  (`canada.json`: 2.4 times) and for copying (up to 1.8 times).
+- For values that are nested far more deeply than any limit (1,000 and 100,000 levels deep), the limit makes no
+  measurable difference: almost all of the levels are handled with the explicit stack for every setting.
+  Raising the limit gains nothing for them, and lowering it costs nothing.
+
+!!! note "Other macros"
+
+    - With [`JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL`](json_no_thread_local.md) defined (or for Clang targeting MinGW, where the library
+      defines it by itself), copying and comparing never descend, so for them the limit does not matter. The other
+      operations still recurse as many levels as the limit says. The range of the limit is the same.
+    - The macro is not part of the [ABI tag](../../features/namespace.md), as `JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL` is not, and it is
+      not undefined at the end of `json.hpp`.
+
+!!! warning "Use the same value in every translation unit"
+
+    All translation units of a program that include the library must define the same value. Otherwise, the program
+    violates the One Definition Rule: the function `nlohmann::detail::recursion_depth_limit()` and all the functions
+    that use it are defined differently in different translation units. Which limit a call uses then depends on which
+    functions the compiler inlined (an inlined copy uses the value of its own translation unit) and which out-of-line
+    copy of each remaining function the linker kept, which is not specified. A function compiled with one value can
+    call a function compiled with another, so a single operation can mix both limits.
+
+    Mixing values cannot corrupt the byte per thread that counts the levels of copying and comparing: each limit
+    is at most `254`, and all of them stop counting at their own limit, so the count never exceeds `254`, whichever
+    translation unit's definition runs. The counter exists once per thread and `basic_json` specialization, and is
+    shared by all translation units. Nor can mixing values change any result, as no result depends on the limit. What
+    changes is how much stack is used and how fast the operations are. Nevertheless, avoid it: the program has undefined
+    behavior as far as the C++ standard is concerned.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example "Example: lower the limit"
+
+    The example nests an array 5,000 levels deep. With the limit set to 16, the library recurses over the first 16
+    levels
+    and over the rest uses an explicit stack. The results are those of the default limit.
+
+    ```cpp
+    --8<-- "examples/json_recursion_depth_limit.cpp"
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+
+    ```
+    --8<-- "examples/json_recursion_depth_limit.output"
+    ```
+
+??? example "Example: find out how much stack an operation needs"
+
+    The program runs `dump()` on a value nested `depth` levels deep in a thread with a stack of `kib` KiB. Compile it
+    with the options and the limit that you use, e.g. `-DJSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT=64`, run it with `depth` set to the
+    limit plus 10 and decreasing values of `kib` (the stack size must be a multiple of the page size, often 4 or 16
+    KiB),
+    and note the smallest stack with which it still finishes. That is how the tables above were measured.
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <cstdlib>
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include <string>
+    #include <utility>
+    #include <pthread.h>
+    #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+    static nlohmann::json value;
+
+    static void* run(void*)
+    {
+        std::cout << "dump() ok, " << value.dump().size() << " bytes\n";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    int main(int argc, char** argv)
+    {
+        const int depth = std::atoi(argv[1]);
+        const std::size_t kib = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::atoi(argv[2]));
+
+        // built on the main thread, without recursion
+        value = 1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < depth; ++i)
+        {
+            nlohmann::json outer = nlohmann::json::array();
+            outer.push_back(std::move(value));
+            value = std::move(outer);
+        }
+
+        pthread_attr_t attr;
+        pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+        pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, kib * 1024);
+        pthread_t thread;
+        pthread_create(&thread, &attr, run, nullptr);
+        pthread_join(thread, nullptr);
+    }
+    ```
+
+## See also
+
+- [Nesting depth](../../features/parsing/untrusted_input.md#nesting-depth) - how the library handles deeply nested
+  values
+- [`JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL`](json_no_thread_local.md) - switch off the use of `thread_local` storage
+- [Supported Macros](../../features/macros.md) - guide to all supported macros
+
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version 3.13.0.
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ The default value is `0` (disabled, the behavior of version 3.12.0 and earlier i
 ## See also

 - [Binary formats](../../features/binary_formats/index.md) - overview of the supported binary formats
- [`from_cbor`](../basic_json/from_cbor.md) - also affected when parsing CBOR strings
+- [`from_cbor`](../basic_json/from_cbor.md) - not affected by the macro; pass `error_handler` to validate CBOR strings
 - [`to_cbor`](../basic_json/to_cbor.md) - create a CBOR serialization of a JSON value
 - [`to_ubjson`](../basic_json/to_ubjson.md) - create a UBJSON serialization of a JSON value
 - [`to_bjdata`](../basic_json/to_bjdata.md) - create a BJData serialization of a JSON value
@@ -89,19 +89,21 @@ This differs from `#!cpp std::map`, where the same operations are O(log n).
 !!! warning "Quadratic cost of building large objects"

    Because every insertion scans all elements inserted so far, building an object of `n` distinct keys costs
-    **O(n²)** in total. This applies to filling an [`ordered_json`](ordered_json.md) object key by key as well as to
-    parsing one, since the parser inserts each key as it is read.
+    **O(n²)** in total. This applies to filling an [`ordered_json`](ordered_json.md) object key by key (with
+    `operator[]`, `emplace`, or `insert`) and, for now, to reading one with a binary reader such as
+    [`from_cbor`](basic_json/from_cbor.md) ([#6104](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/6104)). Parsing JSON text
+    is not affected: the parser finds the keys of an object with many members in a hash table and takes linear time.

    The cost is negligible for the object sizes typically found in configuration files or API payloads, but it grows
-    steeply for machine-generated objects with many thousands of keys. Measured with `-O2 -DNDEBUG` for parsing a flat
-    object of `n` keys, relative to `#!cpp nlohmann::json` (which uses `#!cpp std::map`):
+    steeply for machine-generated objects with many thousands of keys. Measured with Apple clang 21, `-O2 -DNDEBUG`,
+    arm64, for a flat object of `n` keys (best of seven runs):

-    | `n`    | `json` | `ordered_json` | factor |
-    |--------|--------|----------------|--------|
-    | 2000   | 0.7 ms | 3.6 ms         | 5×     |
-    | 4000   | 0.8 ms | 14.0 ms        | 19×    |
-    | 8000   | 1.6 ms | 67.8 ms        | 43×    |
-    | 16 000 | 3.3 ms | 181.6 ms       | 54×    |
+    | `n`    | `json::parse` | `ordered_json::parse` | `ordered_json`, key by key | `ordered_json::from_cbor` |
+    |--------|---------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|---------------------------|
+    | 2000   | 0.3 ms        | 0.1 ms                | 4.5 ms                     | 4.4 ms                    |
+    | 4000   | 0.5 ms        | 0.2 ms                | 17.1 ms                    | 16.8 ms                   |
+    | 8000   | 0.9 ms        | 0.3 ms                | 67.0 ms                    | 66.8 ms                   |
+    | 16 000 | 2.0 ms        | 0.7 ms                | 282.4 ms                   | 282.4 ms                  |

    If key order matters for objects of that size, consider a container with a lookup index, such as
    [`nlohmann::fifo_map`](https://github.com/nlohmann/fifo_map)
@@ -53,12 +53,15 @@ flowchart LR
  only as bytes are actually read, arrays reserve at most a fixed number of elements up front, and sizes that no
  container can hold are rejected.
 - **Memory is owned by values.** Each `basic_json` value owns its content, and there is no manual memory management in
-  user code. The destructor does not recurse, so destroying a deeply nested value does not exhaust the stack.
+  user code. The destructor recurses only over a bounded number of nesting levels and then continues without the call
+  stack, so destroying a deeply nested value does not exhaust the stack.
 - **Bounded recursion.** The JSON parser and the binary readers keep their state in explicit stacks instead of
  recursing per nesting level. Operations that walk a value, such as [`dump`](../api/basic_json/dump.md), copying,
  comparison, hashing, [`merge_patch`](../api/basic_json/merge_patch.md), [`diff`](../api/basic_json/diff.md),
  [`flatten`](../api/basic_json/flatten.md), and the binary writers, recurse only up to a fixed depth and continue with
-  an explicit stack below it. Applications that process untrusted input can limit its nesting depth with a
+  an explicit stack below it. The depth is 128 levels by default and can be changed with
+  [`JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT`](../api/macros/json_recursion_depth_limit.md), for example to run on a small stack.
+  Applications that process untrusted input can limit its nesting depth with a
  [parser callback](../features/parsing/parser_callbacks.md).
 - **Invariants are checked.** The class invariant (for instance, that the pointer for the stored type is never null) is
  checked with runtime assertions throughout the test suite.
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <utility>
+
+// walk over at most 16 nesting levels on the call stack, and over the rest with an explicit stack
+#define JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT 16
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+int main()
+{
+    // an array nested 5,000 levels deep, built without recursion
+    json j = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5000; ++i)
+    {
+        json outer = json::array();
+        outer.push_back(std::move(j));
+        j = std::move(outer);
+    }
+
+    // the results are those of any other limit
+    const json copy = j;
+    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
+    std::cout << "limit: " << JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT << '\n';
+    std::cout << "copy equals original: " << (copy == j) << '\n';
+    std::cout << "length of dump(): " << j.dump().size() << '\n';
+    std::cout << "same hash: " << (std::hash<json> {}(copy) == std::hash<json> {}(j)) << '\n';
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+limit: 16
+copy equals original: true
+length of dump(): 10001
+same hash: true
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BJData types ac
 | number_integer  | 65536..2147483647                         | int32       | `l`                                                                     |
 | number_integer  | 2147483648..4294967295                    | uint32      | `m`                                                                     |
 | number_integer  | 4294967296..9223372036854775807           | int64       | `L`                                                                     |
-| number_integer  | 9223372036854775808..18446744073709551615 | uint64      | `M`                                                                     |
 | number_unsigned | 0..127                                    | int8        | `i`                                                                     |
 | number_unsigned | 128..255                                  | uint8       | `U`                                                                     |
 | number_unsigned | 256..32767                                | int16       | `I`                                                                     |
@@ -181,7 +181,10 @@ of the message are reported as [parse_error.110](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonex
    arrays and objects with up to four elements that are terminated by 0xFE, unsorted object keys, or a 0xFF after a
    string that would also end without it, are accepted. A second 0xFF is not a terminator but an empty string.

-    Strings must be valid UTF-8, and a string at the very end of a message must be terminated by 0xFF.
+    Strings must be valid UTF-8, and a string at the very end of a message must be terminated by 0xFF. This also
+    holds when `strict` is false and more data follows the value: the byte that would end the string belongs to the
+    next value, and reading it would remove it from the input, so the missing 0xFF is reported as
+    [parse_error.110](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error110).

    Duplicate object keys are accepted; the last value wins (`ordered_json` keeps the position of the first occurrence).
    The specification does not say how to treat them; the HikoGUI reference decoder keeps the first value.
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ specification:
 | number_integer  | 128..255                                 | uint 8           | 0xCC       |
 | number_integer  | 256..65535                               | uint 16          | 0xCD       |
 | number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                        | uint 32          | 0xCE       |
-| number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615         | uint 64          | 0xCF       |
+| number_integer  | 4294967296..9223372036854775807          | uint 64          | 0xCF       |
 | number_unsigned | 0..127                                   | positive fixint  | 0x00..0x7F |
 | number_unsigned | 128..255                                 | uint 8           | 0xCC       |
 | number_unsigned | 256..65535                               | uint 16          | 0xCD       |
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ json read_json_file(const std::string& path)
  column 1 instead of saying that the file is missing. A relative path is resolved against the working directory of the
  running program, which is often not the directory of the source file (see the
  [FAQ](../home/faq.md#parsing-a-file-fails-with-unexpected-end-of-input)).
- **Don't read the file into a string first.** Parsing from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` is only about 10 to 20 % slower
-  than reading the whole file into a string with one `read()` and parsing that, and it needs no memory for the copy (see
-  [input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance)). The common way to read a file with
-  `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>` is so slow that it takes about twice as long as parsing from the stream. Read
-  the file into a string only if you need the text itself, for example for an error message. This advice is for
+- **Read the file into a string only if the memory is no concern.** Parsing from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` takes about
+  1.15 to 1.45 times as long as reading the whole file into a string with one `read()` and parsing that, but it needs no
+  memory for the copy (see [input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance)). The common
+  way to read a file with `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>` is so slow that it takes about twice as long as parsing
+  from the stream. This advice is for
  `#!cpp json::parse`. [`json_document`](json_view/index.md) reads a stream into a buffer that it owns anyway, so there is no
  copy to save: reading the file into a `#!cpp std::string` yourself and passing that as an lvalue, which the document
  borrows, was about 6 to 12 % faster than parsing from the stream, with the same single buffer.
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ The same holds for what a view hands out without copying: a string from
 [`number_token()`](../../api/basic_json_view/number_token.md), and [`string_view` members](reading.md#string_view-members)
 of decoded structs are valid only as long as the document and, if it borrows, its source text.

+This includes [`read()`](../../api/basic_json_document/read.md): it releases the document's text, decoded strings, and
+edits before it parses its input, so the input must not be a `string_view` obtained from the document itself: its
+[`source()`](../../api/basic_json_document/source.md), a string from `get_string()`, a token from `number_token()`, or a
+key from an iterator (those of a borrowed text that the caller owns, read unchanged, are not affected). To re-parse a
+string that the document holds, for example JSON embedded in a string value, copy the string into a `#!cpp std::string`
+first and pass the copy; see [`read()`](../../api/basic_json_document/read.md#notes) for the exact list.
+
 ??? example "Example: borrowed and owned documents, and when views become invalid"

    ```cpp
@@ -198,6 +198,16 @@ this is planned to become the default in version 4.0.0.

 See [full documentation of `JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION`](../api/macros/json_precise_stream_position.md).

+## `JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT`
+
+Sets the number of nesting levels that the operations walking a value (copying, comparing, serializing, hashing,
+merging, diffing, converting, destroying, and the binary writers) recurse into on the call stack before they continue
+with an explicit stack on the heap. The default is `128`; allowed are the integers from `0` to `254`. Lower it for
+threads with small stacks, raise it to trade stack for speed. Results are the same for every setting; the value must be
+the same in all translation units of a program.
+
+See [full documentation of `JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT`](../api/macros/json_recursion_depth_limit.md).
+
 ## `JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK`

 When defined, the library will not create a compiler warning when a different version of the library was already
@@ -36,15 +36,21 @@ Only the following symbols are exported from `nlohmann.json`:
 - `nlohmann::basic_json`
 - `nlohmann::basic_json_document`
 - `nlohmann::basic_json_view`
+- `nlohmann::is_json_view`
 - `nlohmann::json`
 - `nlohmann::json_document`
+- `nlohmann::json_editable_document`
+- `nlohmann::json_editable_view`
 - `nlohmann::json_pointer`
 - `nlohmann::json_view`
 - `nlohmann::ordered_json`
 - `nlohmann::ordered_json_document`
+- `nlohmann::ordered_json_editable_document`
+- `nlohmann::ordered_json_editable_view`
 - `nlohmann::ordered_json_view`
 - `nlohmann::ordered_map`
 - `nlohmann::to_string`
+- `nlohmann::view_mode`
 - `nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator""_json`
 - `nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator""_json_pointer`

@@ -56,6 +62,7 @@ Additionally, the following `nlohmann::detail` symbols are exported, solely to w
 and should not be used directly:

 - `nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_callback_parser`
+- `nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser`
 - `nlohmann::detail::unknown_size`

 ## Known issues
@@ -77,11 +77,25 @@ them faster than others:
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | strings, string views, string literals, contiguous containers, pointer or iterator ranges over contiguous memory | the whole input is scanned in bulk: runs of string characters, numbers, and indentation are recognized several bytes at a time |
 | `#!cpp std::istream` (`#!cpp std::ifstream`, `#!cpp std::istringstream`, ...)            | the characters the stream buffer holds are scanned in bulk like a string; the stream buffer is asked for more when they are used up |
-| `#!cpp FILE*`                                                                              | with glibc and the Apple C library, the characters the `FILE` holds in its buffer are scanned in bulk like a stream's; elsewhere one character at a time; the file is locked once for the whole parse |
+| `#!cpp FILE*`                                                                              | with glibc and the Apple C library, the characters the `FILE` holds in its buffer are scanned in bulk like a stream's; elsewhere one character at a time; where the C library has unlocked stdio functions, the file is locked once for the whole parse |
 | other iterator ranges (e.g., `#!cpp std::list<char>`, `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>`), wide strings | one character at a time                                                             |

-Parsing a file from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` is therefore only about 10 to 20 % slower than reading the whole file into a
-`#!cpp std::string` first and parsing that, and it needs no memory for a copy of the file. The stream is never read
+Defining [`JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN`](../../api/macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan.md) to `1` turns off the bulk
+scan of a stream buffer, so a `#!cpp std::istream` is read one character at a time. Defining
+[`JSON_DISABLE_UNLOCKED_FILE_IO`](../../api/macros/json_disable_unlocked_file_io.md) to `1` makes a `#!cpp FILE*` read
+every character with `std::fgetc`, without locking the file for the whole parse and without the bulk scan of its buffer
+(which `JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN` does not affect). Neither changes any result.
+
+Input in one block of memory is read even faster with the default options (no
+[parser callback](../../api/basic_json/parser_callback_t.md), no comments, no trailing commas, and for `sax_parse()`
+`strict = true`): `parse()`, `accept()`, and `sax_parse()` then read the grammar and the tokens in one loop over the
+memory. Only after an error do `parse()` and `sax_parse()` read the input again, to report the error exactly as before.
+This faster path is not used when [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) is
+enabled, because the positions are recorded by the default parser: the input is then parsed as before, at the same speed
+as before.
+
+Parsing a file from a `#!cpp std::ifstream` therefore takes about 1.15 to 1.45 times as long as reading the whole file
+into a `#!cpp std::string` first and parsing that, but it needs no memory for a copy of the file. The stream is never read
 ahead: after parsing, it is positioned exactly as if every character had been read one at a time, so
 [`operator>>`](../../api/operator_gtgt.md) can still read several values from one stream (see also
 [JSON Lines](json_lines.md)).
@@ -54,10 +54,46 @@ Once a value has been parsed, operations that walk it recursively — serializin
 [`dump`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md), hashing it, copying it, comparing two values with `#!cpp ==`, `#!cpp <`, or (in
 C++20) `#!cpp <=>`, merging with [`update`](../../api/basic_json/update.md), applying a
 [`merge_patch`](../../api/basic_json/merge_patch.md), creating a patch with [`diff`](../../api/basic_json/diff.md) or
-[`merge_diff`](../../api/basic_json/merge_diff.md), [`flatten`](../../api/basic_json/flatten.md), and the binary
-writers (`to_cbor`, `to_msgpack`, ...) — descend at most 128 levels on the call stack and continue
-below that with an explicit stack instead, so none of them can exhaust the stack either, however deeply the value is
-nested. Destroying a value (its destructor) never recurses at all, regardless of nesting depth, for the same reason.
+[`merge_diff`](../../api/basic_json/merge_diff.md), converting it to another `basic_json` type, destroying it, and the
+binary writers (`to_cbor`, `to_msgpack`, ...) — descend at most
+[`JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT`](../../api/macros/json_recursion_depth_limit.md) levels on the call stack, 128 by default,
+and continue below that with an explicit stack on the heap. So the call stack does not grow with the nesting depth of the
+value, however deeply it is nested. ([`flatten`](../../api/basic_json/flatten.md),
+[`unflatten`](../../api/basic_json/unflatten.md), and [`to_bson`](../../api/basic_json/to_bson.md) never use the call
+stack for the nesting.)
+
+The call stack still needs room for the levels that are recursed into, and the default limit assumes a stack of ordinary
+size. The stack that an operation needs is roughly proportional to the limit; with the default of 128 levels, the most
+demanding operations (copying a value and converting it to another `basic_json` type, in an unoptimized build) needed
+up to 224 KiB, and an optimized build needed 48 KiB or less, in measurements on macOS with arm64. The most demanding
+operation needed this much stack at the limits `0`, `32`, `128`, and `254`:
+
+| Stack needed, in KiB | limit 0 | limit 32 | limit 128 (default) | limit 254 |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
+| unoptimized build (`-O0`) | 16 or less | 64 | 224 | 448 |
+| optimized build (`-O2`) | 16 or less | 16 or less | 48 | 112 |
+
+A thread with a smaller stack (a task of a real-time operating system, a fiber, or a thread of the musl C library, whose
+default stack is 128 KiB) can still overflow its stack on deeply nested input, which is why the limit can be lowered:
+define `JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT` to a smaller value, down to `0`, before including the library. Such a limit changes
+only the stack that is needed and the speed (values nested more deeply than the limit are walked more slowly), never a
+result. See the [documentation of the macro](../../api/macros/json_recursion_depth_limit.md) for the complete tables,
+the speed, and the rules for choosing a value. Destroying a value (its destructor) recurses over the same number of
+levels and then continues without the call stack, and needs 32 KiB or less at every limit.
+
+!!! warning "Indented output and flattened keys grow with the depth"
+
+    Some results are larger than the value by a factor of its nesting depth.
+    [`dump`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) with an `indent` of `n` (and likewise `operator<<` with `std::setw(n)` and
+    [`basic_json_view::dump`](../../api/basic_json_view/dump.md)) writes up to `n` characters per nesting level in
+    front of every line, and [`flatten`](../../api/basic_json/flatten.md) repeats the path of every value in its key.
+    For the 80,001-byte array `[1,[1,...[1,1]...]]` with 20,000 levels, `dump(1)` returns 600 MB, `dump(4)` 2.4 GB,
+    and the keys of `flatten()` hold 400 MB. A compact `dump()` without indentation stays the size of the value. If you
+    pretty-print, log, or flatten untrusted input, limit its nesting depth while parsing, for example with a
+    [parser callback](parser_callbacks.md#recipe-max-nesting-depth-via-a-callback): with a limit of `d`, every line has
+    at most `n * d` indentation characters, and every flattened key has at most `d` reference tokens.
+    [`JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT`](../../api/macros/json_recursion_depth_limit.md) does not help here: it changes only
+    how much of the call stack a walk uses, never its result, and it does not limit the depth that `parse()` accepts.

 ## Input size

@@ -79,15 +115,19 @@ For the binary formats, an announced size is never trusted outright:

 ## Strings

-Invalid UTF-8 is rejected while parsing, not just while serializing:
+Invalid UTF-8 is rejected while parsing JSON text, not just while serializing:

 - In JSON text, an ill-formed UTF-8 byte in a string is a
  [`parse_error.101`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) ("invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte").
 - In UTF-16 or UTF-32 input, an ill-formed sequence is a
  [`parse_error.101`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error101) as well: a lone surrogate, a high surrogate
  that is not followed by its low surrogate, and a code point above `U+10FFFF` are all rejected.
- In a binary format, a string that is not valid UTF-8 is a
-  [`parse_error.113`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error113).
+
+In a binary format, a string that is not valid UTF-8 is accepted unchanged by default (none of the formats except BON8
+requires a decoder to reject it). Pass [`error_handler_t::strict`](../../api/basic_json/error_handler_t.md) to the
+`from_*` function to get a [`parse_error.113`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error113) instead. BON8
+always validates ([`parse_error.112`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error112) for an ill-formed
+sequence).

 A `#!cpp '\0'` (NUL) byte *inside* a quoted JSON string is always rejected (it must be escaped as `\u0000`). A NUL byte
 *outside* of a string is different: by default it is silently treated as the end of the input, so trailing bytes after
@@ -98,8 +138,8 @@ that happens to embed a NUL is a way to make part of it disappear without a pars
 unexpected byte instead.

 Parsing is not the only place invalid UTF-8 matters: a string that reached a `#!cpp json` value some other way (for
-example, constructed by application code, or, before JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING existed, read from a binary format that
-does not validate strings) still has to round-trip back to JSON text. By default,
+example, constructed by application code, or read from a binary format with the default `error_handler_t::keep`)
+still has to round-trip back to JSON text. By default,
 [`dump()`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) throws [`type_error.316`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error316)
 if the string is not valid UTF-8; passing
 [`error_handler_t::replace`](../../api/basic_json/error_handler_t.md) or `error_handler_t::ignore` avoids the exception
@@ -114,6 +154,20 @@ values for a repeated key ends up in the parsed object. If your application must
 silently resolving them one way or another, see the
 [parser callback recipe for rejecting duplicate keys](parser_callbacks.md#recipe-rejecting-duplicate-object-keys).

+## Objects with many keys in `ordered_json`
+
+[`ordered_json`](../../api/ordered_json.md) keeps the members of an object in a vector in insertion order
+([`ordered_map`](../../api/ordered_map.md)) and finds a key by searching all members. Parsing JSON text into an
+`ordered_json` avoids that search for objects with many keys and takes linear time. The binary readers
+([`from_cbor`](../../api/basic_json/from_cbor.md), [`from_msgpack`](../../api/basic_json/from_msgpack.md),
+[`from_ubjson`](../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson.md), [`from_bjdata`](../../api/basic_json/from_bjdata.md),
+[`from_bson`](../../api/basic_json/from_bson.md), and [`from_bon8`](../../api/basic_json/from_bon8.md)) do not yet:
+reading an object of `n` keys into an `ordered_json` costs time proportional to `n²`. A flat object of 40,000 keys
+(about 300 KB of CBOR) takes about 1.3 s, against a few milliseconds as JSON text or into a `json`
+([#6104](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/6104)). `json` is not affected. If you read untrusted binary input
+into `ordered_json`, bound the input size more tightly, read it into a `json`, or reject objects with many keys in a
+[SAX handler](sax_interface.md).
+
 ## Numbers

 A number whose value cannot be represented — for instance `1E1000`, which overflows `double` — is rejected while
@@ -145,13 +199,17 @@ indices (or the pointer as a whole) before using them, or use [`at`](../../api/b

 - Wrap parsing in a `#!cpp try`/`#!cpp catch` block, or use `allow_exceptions=false`/`accept()` if your environment
  cannot use exceptions; never let `JSON_NOEXCEPTION`'s `abort()` be the first time you think about error handling.
- If the input's nesting depth matters to you, enforce your own limit with a
-  [parser callback](parser_callbacks.md#recipe-max-nesting-depth-via-a-callback) or a
+- If the input's nesting depth matters to you (for example because you pretty-print, log, or flatten it), enforce your
+  own limit with a [parser callback](parser_callbacks.md#recipe-max-nesting-depth-via-a-callback) or a
  [SAX handler](sax_interface.md); the library bounds the call stack but not memory use.
+- If you read untrusted binary input into `ordered_json`, mind that objects with many keys are
+  [slow to read](#objects-with-many-keys-in-ordered_json).
 - Bound the size of the input itself before parsing, independent of the library's own bounded allocations for binary
  format lengths.
 - Decide up front how you want a string with invalid UTF-8 — from any source, not only parsing — to be serialized
  (`strict`, `replace`, or `ignore`), rather than discovering it from an uncaught `type_error.316`.
+- For untrusted input in a binary format, pass `error_handler_t::strict` to the `from_*` function if the strings must be
+  valid UTF-8; by default they are not checked (BON8 always checks).
 - If a stray NUL byte silently truncating trailing input is a problem for your input format, define
  `JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING`.
 - Decide whether duplicate object keys should be an error for your application, and add a callback if so.
@@ -27,11 +27,15 @@ A `#!cpp std::istream` (including `#!cpp std::ifstream`) gets the same bulk scan
 characters its stream buffer already holds (the *get area*) and asks the stream buffer for more only when they are used
 up. Nothing is read ahead, so the stream is left exactly where it would be after reading one character at a time, and
 [`operator>>`](../api/operator_gtgt.md) can still read several values from one stream. A stream buffer without a get
-area is read one character at a time. A `#!cpp FILE*` is locked once per parse instead of once per character, and with
-glibc and the Apple C library, the characters in its buffer are scanned in bulk as a stream's get area is. See
-[input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance) for the full table. According to the
-description of [#5828](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/5828), parsing from a stream is within about 10 to 20 % of
-parsing an equivalent `#!cpp std::string`.
+area is read one character at a time. Where the C library has unlocked stdio functions, a `#!cpp FILE*` is locked once
+per parse instead of once per character, and with glibc and the Apple C library, the characters in its buffer are
+scanned in bulk as a stream's get area is.
+[`JSON_DISABLE_STREAM_BULK_SCAN`](../api/macros/json_disable_stream_bulk_scan.md) turns off the bulk scan of streams, and
+[`JSON_DISABLE_UNLOCKED_FILE_IO`](../api/macros/json_disable_unlocked_file_io.md) both the single lock and the bulk scan
+of a `#!cpp FILE*`. See [input sources and performance](parsing/index.md#input-sources-and-performance) for the full
+table. Parsing from a
+stream takes about 1.15 to 1.45 times as long as parsing an equivalent `#!cpp std::string`, which `parse()` reads with
+a parser of its own (see there).

 Inputs that are still read one character at a time: iterator ranges that are not contiguous (e.g.
 `#!cpp std::list<char>` or `#!cpp std::istreambuf_iterator<char>`), wide strings, and user-defined adapters. An
@@ -28,15 +28,16 @@ Requirements are split into two groups:
    [`BinaryType`](#binarytype)'s `value_type`, and [`NumberUnsignedType`](#numberintegertype-and-numberunsignedtype)
    being at least as wide as [`NumberIntegerType`](#numberintegertype-and-numberunsignedtype). The rest are not
    diagnosed with dedicated error messages, and violating most of them results in a compiler error somewhere inside
-    the library. Four violations are not caught at compile time at all:
+    the library. Four violations are not (always) caught at compile time:

    - A [`StringType`](#stringtype) whose `data()` is not null-terminated compiles and silently misparses numbers
      stored as a `#!cpp long double` that is not IEEE 754 binary64 (e.g., the 80-bit x87 format), because the lexer
      hands the buffer to `#!cpp std::strtold`.
    - A stateful [`AllocatorType`](#allocatortype) compiles and silently ignores its state: allocation, deallocation,
      and [`get_allocator()`](../../api/basic_json/get_allocator.md) each use a different default-constructed instance.
-    - The two [cross-specialization conversions](#cross-specialization-conversions) below. These abort on an assertion
-      in a normal build, and only fail silently under `#!cpp NDEBUG`.
+    - The two [cross-specialization conversions](#cross-specialization-conversions) below, when the source string type
+      is a range of characters. They compile and fail the `#!cpp JSON_ASSERT`: with its default definition, the program
+      aborts unless `#!cpp NDEBUG` is defined, in which case the wrong result is returned silently.

 ## Overview

@@ -425,7 +426,7 @@ using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
 | Type                                                                 | Reason                                                                                                  |
 |----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | `#!cpp std::wstring`, `#!cpp std::u16string`, `#!cpp std::u32string` | the character type is not one byte wide                                                                 |
-| `#!cpp std::u8string`                                                | one byte wide, but `#!cpp char8_t` is not `#!cpp char`-compatible                                       |
+| `#!cpp std::u8string`                                                | one byte wide, but `#!cpp char8_t` is not `#!cpp char`-compatible (as a *value*, it converts to and from a JSON string) |
 | `absl::Cord`                                                         | no `value_type`, and the storage is not contiguous                                                      |
 | `QString`                                                            | no `append(const char*, size_type)`; its `QChar` is also two bytes wide, though that is never diagnosed |

@@ -765,14 +766,18 @@ See [`json_base_class_t`](../../api/basic_json/json_base_class_t.md) for an exam
 ## Cross-specialization conversions

 Converting a value from one `basic_json` specialization into another (see the
-[converting constructor](../../api/basic_json/basic_json.md)) imposes two additional requirements that are not
-diagnosed at compile time. With assertions enabled they abort on the `#!cpp JSON_ASSERT` at the end of the converting
-constructor; under `#!cpp NDEBUG` they fail **silently** at runtime:
+[converting constructor](../../api/basic_json/basic_json.md)) imposes two additional requirements:

- The target `string_t` must be directly constructible from the source `string_t`. Otherwise the string is converted to
-  an array of character codes.
- The target `object_t::key_type` must be directly constructible from the source object's key type. Otherwise the
-  object is converted to an array of key/value pairs.
+- The target `string_t` must be directly constructible from the source `string_t`.
+- The target `object_t::key_type` must be directly constructible from the source object's key type.
+
+If a requirement is not met, the result depends on the source string type. If it is a range of characters (it has
+`begin()` and `end()`, as `std::string` does), the conversion compiles and then fails the `#!cpp JSON_ASSERT` at the
+end of the converting constructor: with its default definition, `assert`, the program aborts unless `#!cpp NDEBUG` is
+defined, in which case it **silently** returns an array (of character codes for a string, of key/value pairs for an
+object). Otherwise, the conversion does not compile, even though
+`#!cpp std::is_constructible` reports `#!cpp true`; for example, when converting a `basic_json` whose `string_t` is the
+`alt_string` of the unit tests to `json`.

 See [issue #3425](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/3425), [`string_t`](../../api/basic_json/string_t.md), and
 [`object_t`](../../api/basic_json/object_t.md).
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ These changes are part of the `develop` branch, but not of a release yet.
  exception is thrown during the conversion, the source may be partially moved-from, so the strong exception guarantee
  no longer holds for the source of an rvalue conversion (the JSON value itself is unaffected). Lvalues and `const`
  objects are still copied. See [`basic_json`](../../api/basic_json/basic_json.md).
+- In C++20 (library support for `char8_t`, `__cpp_lib_char8_t`), a `#!cpp std::u8string` is a JSON **string**:
+  `json j = std::u8string(u8"abc");` stores `"abc"`, and `#!cpp j.get<std::u8string>()` reads it back. Version 3.12.0
+  stored a `#!cpp std::u8string` as an array of code units (`[97,98,99]`); on the 3.13.0 development branch it was
+  already stored as a string if `std::filesystem` is available, but could not be read back. Now the result no longer
+  depends on whether `std::filesystem::path` is supported, and `#!cpp get<std::u8string>()` accepts both a JSON string
+  and the array of numbers written by 3.12.0. **Consequence:** JSON documents produced from a `#!cpp std::u8string` by
+  3.12.0 (arrays) are still read, but code that checks `is_array()` on such a value, or that reads it as
+  `#!cpp std::vector<char8_t>` / `#!cpp std::vector<std::uint8_t>`, now sees a string; to keep the array form, convert
+  explicitly, e.g., `#!cpp json(std::vector<char8_t>(s.begin(), s.end()))`. `#!cpp std::u8string_view` and
+  `#!cpp char8_t` arrays are unchanged (arrays of code units). See [`basic_json`](../../api/basic_json/basic_json.md).

 ## API changes

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
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+<desc id="nj-blog-dist-d">Bars counting the benchmarks per speedup range: below 1x: 2; 1 to 1.5x: 21; 1.5 to 2x: 18; 2 to 3x: 52; 3 to 5x: 48; 5 to 10x: 31; 10x or more: 10. Median 2.9x, geometric mean 3.3x.</desc>
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-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 150 H261 Q265 150 265 154 V161 Q265 165 261 165 H190 Z"><title>twitter, std::ifstream: 2.5&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="270" y="162">2.5&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 150 H236.738 Q240.738 150 240.738 154 V161 Q240.738 165 236.738 165 H190 Z"><title>twitter, std::ifstream: 2.5&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="245.738" y="162">2.5&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="186" text-anchor="end">citm, FILE*</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 174 H328.2 Q332.2 174 332.2 178 V185 Q332.2 189 328.2 189 H190 Z"><title>citm, FILE*: 4.7&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="337.2" y="186">4.7&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 174 H494.137 Q498.137 174 498.137 178 V185 Q498.137 189 494.137 189 H190 Z"><title>citm, FILE*: 15&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="503.137" y="186">15&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="210" text-anchor="end">citm, accept()</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 198 H398.1 Q402.1 198 402.1 202 V209 Q402.1 213 398.1 213 H190 Z"><title>citm, accept(): 7.1&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="407.1" y="210">7.1&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 198 H467.738 Q471.738 198 471.738 202 V209 Q471.738 213 467.738 213 H190 Z"><title>citm, accept(): 14&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="476.738" y="210">14&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="266" text-anchor="end">dump() twitter</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 254 H387 Q391 254 391 258 V265 Q391 269 387 269 H190 Z"><title>dump() twitter: 6.7&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="396" y="266">6.7&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 254 H322.125 Q326.125 254 326.125 258 V265 Q326.125 269 322.125 269 H190 Z"><title>dump() twitter: 6.6&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="331.125" y="266">6.6&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="290" text-anchor="end">dump() canada</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 278 H275.4 Q279.4 278 279.4 282 V289 Q279.4 293 275.4 293 H190 Z"><title>dump() canada: 3.0&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="284.4" y="290">3.0&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 278 H245.812 Q249.812 278 249.812 282 V289 Q249.812 293 245.812 293 H190 Z"><title>dump() canada: 2.9&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="254.812" y="290">2.9&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="314" text-anchor="end">dump(4) citm</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 302 H327 Q331 302 331 306 V313 Q331 317 327 317 H190 Z"><title>dump(4) citm: 4.7&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="336" y="314">4.7&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 302 H281.288 Q285.288 302 285.288 306 V313 Q285.288 317 281.288 317 H190 Z"><title>dump(4) citm: 4.6&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="290.288" y="314">4.6&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="338" text-anchor="end">to_cbor() twitter</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 326 H323.7 Q327.7 326 327.7 330 V337 Q327.7 341 323.7 341 H190 Z"><title>to_cbor() twitter: 4.6&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="332.7" y="338">4.6&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 326 H276.956 Q280.956 326 280.956 330 V337 Q280.956 341 276.956 341 H190 Z"><title>to_cbor() twitter: 4.4&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="285.956" y="338">4.4&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="394" text-anchor="end">twitter, memory</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 382 H287.7 Q291.7 382 291.7 386 V393 Q291.7 397 287.7 397 H190 Z"><title>twitter, memory: 3.4&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="296.7" y="394">3.4&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 382 H258.6 Q262.6 382 262.6 386 V393 Q262.6 397 258.6 397 H190 Z"><title>twitter, memory: 3.5&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="267.6" y="394">3.5&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="418" text-anchor="end">twitter, FILE*</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 406 H383.7 Q387.7 406 387.7 410 V417 Q387.7 421 383.7 421 H190 Z"><title>twitter, FILE*: 6.6&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="392.7" y="418">6.6&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 406 H376.369 Q380.369 406 380.369 410 V417 Q380.369 421 376.369 421 H190 Z"><title>twitter, FILE*: 9.2&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="385.369" y="418">9.2&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="474" text-anchor="end">diff() canada</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 462 H499.8 Q503.8 462 503.8 466 V473 Q503.8 477 499.8 477 H190 Z"><title>diff() canada: 10&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="508.8" y="474">10&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 462 H401.325 Q405.325 462 405.325 466 V473 Q405.325 477 401.325 477 H190 Z"><title>diff() canada: 10&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="410.325" y="474">10&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="498" text-anchor="end">iterate canada</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 486 H267.9 Q271.9 486 271.9 490 V497 Q271.9 501 267.9 501 H190 Z"><title>iterate canada: 2.7&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="276.9" y="498">2.7&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 486 H226.425 Q230.425 486 230.425 490 V497 Q230.425 501 226.425 501 H190 Z"><title>iterate canada: 1.96&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="235.425" y="498">1.96&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="522" text-anchor="end">copy + destroy citm</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 510 H219.9 Q223.9 510 223.9 514 V521 Q223.9 525 219.9 525 H190 Z"><title>copy + destroy citm: 1.13&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="228.9" y="522">1.13&#215;</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 510 H208.894 Q212.894 510 212.894 514 V521 Q212.894 525 208.894 525 H190 Z"><title>copy + destroy citm: 1.11&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="217.894" y="522">1.11&#215;</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-tick--r" x="182" y="546" text-anchor="end">== citm</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 534 H217.8 Q221.8 534 221.8 538 V545 Q221.8 549 217.8 549 H190 Z"><title>== citm: 1.06&#215;</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="226.8" y="546">1.06&#215;</text>
-<line class="nj-charts-ref" x1="220" y1="8" x2="220" y2="560"/>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M190 534 H206.831 Q210.831 534 210.831 538 V545 Q210.831 549 206.831 549 H190 Z"><title>== citm: 1.01&#215;</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="215.831" y="546">1.01&#215;</text>
+<line class="nj-charts-ref" x1="210.625" y1="8" x2="210.625" y2="560"/>
 <line class="nj-charts-zero" x1="190" y1="8" x2="190" y2="560"/>
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="355" y="594">speedup over 3.12.0 (3.12.0 = 1&#215;), more is better</text>
 </svg>
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <svg class="nj-fig nj-charts nj-charts--blog" viewBox="0 0 600 618" role="img" aria-labelledby="nj-blog-price nj-blog-price-d" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <title id="nj-blog-price">Compile time of two programs with 3.13.0, alone, with a precompiled header and as a module, compared with 3.12.0</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-price-d">Horizontal bars of the change in compile time against 3.12.0, less is better. Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0: +38%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: -28%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: -4%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0: +34%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: -23%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, module: +2%; Apple clang 21, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0: +49%; Apple clang 21, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +5%; Apple clang 21, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: +21%; Apple clang 21, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0: +45%; Apple clang 21, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +10%; Apple clang 21, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, module: +24%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0: +62%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +10%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: +8%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0: +47%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +14%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, module: +15%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0: +58%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +28%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: +25%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0: +51%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +28%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, module: +30%.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-price-d">Horizontal bars of the change in compile time against 3.12.0, less is better. Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0: +36%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: -23%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: -5%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0: +36%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: -20%; Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, module: +8%; Apple clang 21, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0: +43%; Apple clang 21, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: -1%; Apple clang 21, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: +12%; Apple clang 21, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0: +42%; Apple clang 21, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +12%; Apple clang 21, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, module: +22%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0: +68%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +12%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: +13%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0: +50%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +15%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O0 (debug), server_config, 3.13.0, module: +16%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0: +60%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +28%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, count_numbers, 3.13.0, module: +27%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0: +52%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, precompiled header: +29%; G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, server_config, 3.13.0, module: +31%.</desc>
 <rect class="nj-charts-c2" x="8" y="6" width="12" height="12" rx="3"/>
 <text class="nj-charts-leg" x="26" y="16.5">3.13.0</text>
 <rect class="nj-charts-c1" x="97.2" y="6" width="12" height="12" rx="3"/>
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@
 <line class="nj-charts-grid" x1="457.5" y1="74" x2="457.5" y2="170"/>
 <line class="nj-charts-grid" x1="525.833" y1="74" x2="525.833" y2="170"/>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-code" x="142" y="101" text-anchor="end">count_numbers</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 78 H446.667 Q450.667 78 450.667 82 V85 Q450.667 89 446.667 89 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0: 1,320 ms against 955 ms with 3.12.0 (+38%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="455.667" y="87.5">+38%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 92 H229.167 Q225.167 92 225.167 96 V99 Q225.167 103 229.167 103 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, precompiled header: 688 ms against 955 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;28%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="220.167" y="101.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;28%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 106 H311.167 Q307.167 106 307.167 110 V113 Q307.167 117 311.167 117 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, module: 918 ms against 955 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;4%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="302.167" y="115.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;4%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 78 H439.833 Q443.833 78 443.833 82 V85 Q443.833 89 439.833 89 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0: 1,131 ms against 831 ms with 3.12.0 (+36%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="448.833" y="87.5">+36%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 92 H246.25 Q242.25 92 242.25 96 V99 Q242.25 103 246.25 103 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, precompiled header: 639 ms against 831 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;23%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="237.25" y="101.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;23%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 106 H307.75 Q303.75 106 303.75 110 V113 Q303.75 117 307.75 117 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, module: 790 ms against 831 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;5%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="298.75" y="115.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;5%</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-code" x="142" y="150" text-anchor="end">server_config</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 127 H433 Q437 127 437 131 V134 Q437 138 433 138 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0: 1,496 ms against 1,113 ms with 3.12.0 (+34%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="442" y="136.5">+34%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 141 H246.25 Q242.25 141 242.25 145 V148 Q242.25 152 246.25 152 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, precompiled header: 863 ms against 1,113 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;23%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="237.25" y="150.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;23%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 155 H323.667 Q327.667 155 327.667 159 V162 Q327.667 166 323.667 166 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, module: 1,136 ms against 1,113 ms with 3.12.0 (+2%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="332.667" y="164.5">+2%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 127 H439.833 Q443.833 127 443.833 131 V134 Q443.833 138 439.833 138 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0: 1,312 ms against 963 ms with 3.12.0 (+36%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="448.833" y="136.5">+36%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 141 H256.5 Q252.5 141 252.5 145 V148 Q252.5 152 256.5 152 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, precompiled header: 774 ms against 963 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;20%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="247.5" y="150.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;20%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 155 H344.167 Q348.167 155 348.167 159 V162 Q348.167 166 344.167 166 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug), 3.13.0, module: 1,036 ms against 963 ms with 3.12.0 (+8%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="353.167" y="164.5">+8%</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-panel" x="8" y="198">Apple clang 21, -O2</text>
 <line class="nj-charts-grid" x1="184.167" y1="204" x2="184.167" y2="300"/>
 <line class="nj-charts-grid" x1="252.5" y1="204" x2="252.5" y2="300"/>
@@ -35,19 +35,19 @@
 <line class="nj-charts-grid" x1="457.5" y1="204" x2="457.5" y2="300"/>
 <line class="nj-charts-grid" x1="525.833" y1="204" x2="525.833" y2="300"/>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-code" x="142" y="231" text-anchor="end">count_numbers</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 208 H484.25 Q488.25 208 488.25 212 V215 Q488.25 219 484.25 219 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0: 2,081 ms against 1,393 ms with 3.12.0 (+49%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="493.25" y="217.5">+49%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 222 H333.917 Q337.917 222 337.917 226 V229 Q337.917 233 333.917 233 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, precompiled header: 1,458 ms against 1,393 ms with 3.12.0 (+5%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="342.917" y="231.5">+5%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 236 H388.583 Q392.583 236 392.583 240 V243 Q392.583 247 388.583 247 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, module: 1,685 ms against 1,393 ms with 3.12.0 (+21%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="397.583" y="245.5">+21%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 208 H463.75 Q467.75 208 467.75 212 V215 Q467.75 219 463.75 219 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0: 1,898 ms against 1,328 ms with 3.12.0 (+43%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="472.75" y="217.5">+43%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 222 H320.833 Q317.417 222 317.417 225.417 V229.583 Q317.417 233 320.833 233 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, precompiled header: 1,312 ms against 1,328 ms with 3.12.0 (&#8722;1%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="312.417" y="231.5" text-anchor="end">&#8722;1%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 236 H357.833 Q361.833 236 361.833 240 V243 Q361.833 247 357.833 247 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, module: 1,491 ms against 1,328 ms with 3.12.0 (+12%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="366.833" y="245.5">+12%</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-code" x="142" y="280" text-anchor="end">server_config</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 257 H470.583 Q474.583 257 474.583 261 V264 Q474.583 268 470.583 268 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0: 2,546 ms against 1,754 ms with 3.12.0 (+45%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="479.583" y="266.5">+45%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 271 H351 Q355 271 355 275 V278 Q355 282 351 282 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, precompiled header: 1,925 ms against 1,754 ms with 3.12.0 (+10%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="360" y="280.5">+10%</text>
-<path class="nj-charts-c3" d="M320.833 285 H398.833 Q402.833 285 402.833 289 V292 Q402.833 296 398.833 296 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, module: 2,169 ms against 1,754 ms with 3.12.0 (+24%)</title></path>
-<text class="nj-charts-val" x="407.833" y="294.5">+24%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 257 H460.333 Q464.333 257 464.333 261 V264 Q464.333 268 460.333 268 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0: 2,251 ms against 1,584 ms with 3.12.0 (+42%)</title></path>
+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="469.333" y="266.5">+42%</text>
+<path class="nj-charts-c1" d="M320.833 271 H357.833 Q361.833 271 361.833 275 V278 Q361.833 282 357.833 282 H320.833 Z"><title>server_config, Apple clang 21, -O2, 3.13.0, precompiled header: 1,779 ms against 1,584 ms with 3.12.0 (+12%)</title></path>
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+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="366.833" y="361.5">+12%</text>
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+<text class="nj-charts-val" x="377.083" y="410.5">+15%</text>
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+<path class="nj-charts-c2" d="M320.833 468 H521.833 Q525.833 468 525.833 472 V475 Q525.833 479 521.833 479 H320.833 Z"><title>count_numbers, G&#8203;CC 16, -O2, 3.13.0: 3,464 ms against 2,159 ms with 3.12.0 (+60%)</title></path>
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 <title id="nj-blog-tl-dump_canada">dump() canada.json: speedup over 3.12.0 by commit</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-tl-dump_canada-d">dump() canada.json: speedup over 3.12.0 at each of 353 commits, ending at 3.3x. Labeled steps, by theme: 6, 3.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-tl-dump_canada-d">dump() canada.json: speedup over 3.12.0 at each of 360 commits, ending at 3.2x. Labeled steps, by theme: 6, 3.</desc>
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 <title id="nj-blog-tl-dump_twitter">dump() twitter.json: speedup over 3.12.0 by commit</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-tl-dump_twitter-d">dump() twitter.json: speedup over 3.12.0 at each of 353 commits, ending at 6.8x. Labeled steps, by theme: 6, 2, 2, 2.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-tl-dump_twitter-d">dump() twitter.json: speedup over 3.12.0 at each of 360 commits, ending at 6.8x. Labeled steps, by theme: 6, 2, 2, 2.</desc>
 <text class="nj-charts-panel" x="8" y="18">dump() twitter.json</text>
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 <title id="nj-blog-tl-parse_citm">parse() citm_catalog.json: speedup over 3.12.0 by commit</title>
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 <title id="nj-blog-uc-mac">Use cases: time of each library relative to the fastest, Apple M1 Max</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-uc-mac-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.85 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.85 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.71 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 1.37; yyjson sum: 1.11; yyjson select: 1.25; yyjson edit: 1.45; yyjson minify: 1.23 (1.16 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.26; simdjson validate: 1.52; simdjson sum: 1.20; simdjson select: 1.33 (0.75 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.73 (0.18 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.41; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.93; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.53; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.83; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 2.08; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.93; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.38; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.53 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.86 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (2.31 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.68 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (2.03 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.59; simd-json (Rust) validate: 2.07; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.62; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.38; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.84; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.40; simd-json (Rust) write: 3.10; Glaze validate: 2.04; Glaze sum: 3.85; Glaze select: 1.79 (0.82 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 4.41; Glaze minify: 5.19 (1.03 doing less, P); Glaze write: 2.23; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 2.56; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.99; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 3.27; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 3.21; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 3.87; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 3.75; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.46 (2.23 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.59; serde_json (Rust) select: 2.39 (2.24 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.99; serde_json (Rust) minify: 5.85; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.95; nlohmann/json json validate: 2.71; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.96; nlohmann/json json select: 6.87; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.73; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.89; nlohmann/json json write: 2.10; RapidJSON validate: 4.72 (3.09 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 4.15 (2.85 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 5.91 (3.82 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 4.82 (3.77 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 4.86 (3.60 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 5.88.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-uc-mac-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.85 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.84 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.69 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 1.41; yyjson sum: 1.14; yyjson select: 1.30; yyjson edit: 1.48; yyjson minify: 1.26 (1.18 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.23; simdjson validate: 1.52; simdjson sum: 1.21; simdjson select: 1.34 (0.76 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.73 (0.18 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.41; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.91; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.54; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.85; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 2.10; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.93; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.34; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.50 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.86 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (2.34 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.70 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (2.03 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.61; simd-json (Rust) validate: 2.05; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.63; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.39; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.85; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.40; simd-json (Rust) write: 3.05; nlohmann/json json validate: 1.38; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.34; nlohmann/json json select: 6.09; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.22; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.39; nlohmann/json json write: 2.03; Glaze validate: 2.03; Glaze sum: 3.88; Glaze select: 1.81 (0.81 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 4.44; Glaze minify: 5.23 (1.05 doing less, P); Glaze write: 2.19; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 2.54; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 2.02; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 3.31; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 3.23; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 3.89; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 3.67; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.44 (2.21 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.60; serde_json (Rust) select: 2.41 (2.26 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) edit: 5.02; serde_json (Rust) minify: 5.85; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.90; RapidJSON validate: 4.67 (3.09 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 4.18 (2.89 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 6.02 (3.93 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 4.85 (3.83 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 4.85 (3.66 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 5.74.</desc>
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 <svg class="nj-fig nj-charts nj-charts--blog nj-charts--heat" viewBox="0 0 784 510" role="img" aria-labelledby="nj-blog-uc-x86-clang nj-blog-uc-x86-clang-d" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <title id="nj-blog-uc-x86-clang">Use cases: time of each library relative to the fastest, x86-64 with Clang 23</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-uc-x86-clang-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.81 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.83 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.69 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 1.87; yyjson sum: 1.00; yyjson select: 1.23; yyjson edit: 1.43; yyjson minify: 1.16 (1.00 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.14; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.32 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.20 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (1.53 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.24 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (1.38 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.28; simdjson validate: 2.03; simdjson sum: 1.13; simdjson select: 1.32 (0.57 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.58 (0.18 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.00; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.88; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.07; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.39; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 1.90; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.73; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 1.94; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 1.79; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.12; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 2.24; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 2.39; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 2.68; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 2.31; simd-json (Rust) validate: 3.52; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.80; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.64; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.88; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.38; simd-json (Rust) write: 2.21; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.33 (2.08 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.22; serde_json (Rust) select: 1.77; serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.54; serde_json (Rust) minify: 4.92; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.15; Glaze validate: 2.23; Glaze sum: 4.03 (3.78 doing less, P); Glaze select: 1.43 (0.62 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 5.53; Glaze minify: 5.77 (0.70 doing less, P); Glaze write: 1.90; nlohmann/json json validate: 2.77; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.44; nlohmann/json json select: 7.56; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.99; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.91; nlohmann/json json write: 1.86; RapidJSON validate: 4.94 (3.76 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 2.98 (2.28 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 4.20 (3.27 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 3.06 (2.60 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 3.61 (2.65 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 2.79.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-uc-x86-clang-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.05; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.81 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.83 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.71 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 2.21; yyjson sum: 1.23; yyjson select: 1.40; yyjson edit: 1.48; yyjson minify: 1.27 (1.09 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.16; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.32 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.26 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (1.50 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.21 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (1.36 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.33; simdjson validate: 2.06; simdjson sum: 1.19; simdjson select: 1.33 (0.56 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.55 (0.18 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.07; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.90; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.13; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.37; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 1.90; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.75; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.01; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 1.80; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.17; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 2.19; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 2.37; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 2.65; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 2.38; nlohmann/json json validate: 1.43; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.00; nlohmann/json json select: 6.54; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.53; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.31; nlohmann/json json write: 1.88; simd-json (Rust) validate: 3.57; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.91; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.61; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.88; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.43; simd-json (Rust) write: 2.28; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.36 (2.11 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.35; serde_json (Rust) select: 1.75; serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.53; serde_json (Rust) minify: 4.99; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.22; Glaze validate: 2.24; Glaze sum: 4.24 (3.96 doing less, P); Glaze select: 1.39 (0.61 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 5.50; Glaze minify: 5.78 (0.69 doing less, P); Glaze write: 1.95; RapidJSON validate: 5.18 (3.77 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 3.25 (2.40 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 4.45 (3.45 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 3.16 (2.68 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 3.43 (2.57 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 2.86.</desc>
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@@ -8,359 +8,359 @@
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="638" y="34">minify</text>
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 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-name-json" x="216" y="66" text-anchor="end">nlohmann/json json_document</text>
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+<g class="nj-heat-cell" tabindex="0" data-tip="nlohmann/json json_document · select&#10;1.00× the time of the fastest library (fully validating)&#10;twitter.json: 316 µs · structs (from_json)&#10;citm_catalog.json: 783 µs · parse&#10;canada.json: 1,368 µs · structs (from_json)&#10;jeopardy.json: 91,736 µs · parse">
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 <svg class="nj-fig nj-charts nj-charts--blog nj-charts--heat" viewBox="0 0 784 510" role="img" aria-labelledby="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc-d" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <title id="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc">Use cases: time of each library relative to the fastest, x86-64 with G&#8203;CC 16.2</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.08; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.79 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.80 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.64 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 1.94; yyjson sum: 1.14; yyjson select: 1.18; yyjson edit: 1.37; yyjson minify: 1.17 (0.95 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.11; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.32 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.24 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (1.45 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.21 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (1.36 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.45; simdjson validate: 2.11; simdjson sum: 1.00; simdjson select: 1.27 (0.54 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.54 (0.17 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.10; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.93; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.13; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.34; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 1.90; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.71; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.04; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 1.99; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.27; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 2.20; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 2.30; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 2.65; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 2.36; simd-json (Rust) validate: 3.62; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.91; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.56; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.87; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.35; simd-json (Rust) write: 2.32; RapidJSON validate: 3.71 (3.41 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 2.23 (2.09 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 2.91 (2.73 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 2.41 (2.34 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 2.68 (2.42 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 2.97; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.39 (2.14 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.36; serde_json (Rust) select: 1.71; serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.53; serde_json (Rust) minify: 4.89; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.25; Glaze validate: 2.86; Glaze sum: 4.16; Glaze select: 1.79 (0.58 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 4.47; Glaze minify: 4.81 (0.78 doing less, P); Glaze write: 1.96; nlohmann/json json validate: 2.96; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.70; nlohmann/json json select: 7.12; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.83; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.79; nlohmann/json json write: 1.91.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.10; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.78 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.78 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.64 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 2.23; yyjson sum: 1.31; yyjson select: 1.37; yyjson edit: 1.43; yyjson minify: 1.24 (0.99 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.08; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.32 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.26 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (1.43 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.18 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (1.33 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.49; simdjson validate: 2.08; simdjson sum: 1.00; simdjson select: 1.29 (0.55 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.49 (0.17 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.09; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.98; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.14; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.36; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 1.87; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.68; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.05; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 1.98; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.29; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 2.21; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 2.33; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 2.54; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 2.33; nlohmann/json json validate: 1.69; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.17; nlohmann/json json select: 6.20; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.42; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.07; nlohmann/json json write: 1.84; simd-json (Rust) validate: 3.71; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.93; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.59; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.83; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.30; simd-json (Rust) write: 2.34; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.46 (2.19 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.38; serde_json (Rust) select: 1.74; serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.45; serde_json (Rust) minify: 4.80; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.27; RapidJSON validate: 3.86 (3.48 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 2.35 (2.15 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 3.17 (3.02 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 2.49 (2.40 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 2.58 (2.36 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 2.94; Glaze validate: 2.87; Glaze sum: 4.05; Glaze select: 1.71 (0.59 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 4.48; Glaze minify: 4.56 (0.75 doing less, P); Glaze write: 1.96.</desc>
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="270" y="34">validate</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="362" y="34">sum</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="454" y="34">select</text>
@@ -8,354 +8,354 @@
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="638" y="34">minify</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-tick" x="730" y="34">write</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-rowlabel nj-charts-name-json" x="216" y="66" text-anchor="end">nlohmann/json json_document</text>
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 <svg class="nj-fig nj-charts nj-charts--blog nj-charts--heat" viewBox="0 0 784 510" role="img" aria-labelledby="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc13 nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc13-d" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <title id="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc13">Use cases: time of each library relative to the fastest, x86-64 with G&#8203;CC 13</title>
-<desc id="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc13-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.08; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.83 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.83 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.71 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 1.81; yyjson sum: 1.28; yyjson select: 1.22; yyjson edit: 1.49; yyjson minify: 1.27 (0.97 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.14; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.24 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.28 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (1.53 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.26 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (1.42 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.50; simdjson validate: 2.01; simdjson sum: 1.00; simdjson select: 1.35 (0.57 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.58 (0.22 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.07; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.79; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.11; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.37; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 1.91; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.73; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.07; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 1.88; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.33; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 2.30; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 2.55; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 2.92; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 2.56; simd-json (Rust) validate: 3.35; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.88; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.61; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.89; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.39; simd-json (Rust) write: 2.35; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.22 (1.98 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.32; serde_json (Rust) select: 1.75; serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.55; serde_json (Rust) minify: 4.94; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.28; Glaze validate: 2.21; Glaze sum: 4.04; Glaze select: 1.44 (0.60 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 4.85; Glaze minify: 5.10 (0.73 doing less, P); Glaze write: 1.84; nlohmann/json json validate: 2.74; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.67; nlohmann/json json select: 7.24; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.81; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.79; nlohmann/json json write: 1.99; RapidJSON validate: 4.50 (3.40 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 2.98 (2.29 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 3.84 (3.06 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 2.92 (2.58 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 3.64 (2.64 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 3.11.</desc>
+<desc id="nj-blog-uc-x86-gcc13-d">Table of relative times, libraries by use case. nlohmann/json json_document validate: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document sum: 1.10; nlohmann/json json_document select: 1.00; nlohmann/json json_document edit: 1.00 (0.82 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document minify: 1.00 (0.81 doing less, N); nlohmann/json json_document write: 1.00 (0.71 doing less, N); yyjson validate: 2.06; yyjson sum: 1.44; yyjson select: 1.37; yyjson edit: 1.57; yyjson minify: 1.37 (1.03 doing less, N); yyjson write: 1.08; sonic-cpp validate: no fully validating way (2.21 doing less, U); sonic-cpp sum: no fully validating way (1.28 doing less, U); sonic-cpp select: no fully validating way (1.48 doing less, U); sonic-cpp edit: no fully validating way (1.22 doing less, U); sonic-cpp minify: no fully validating way (1.40 doing less, U); sonic-cpp write: 1.50; simdjson validate: 1.93; simdjson sum: 1.00; simdjson select: 1.29 (0.56 doing less, P); simdjson edit: n/a; simdjson minify: 1.55 (0.21 doing less, P); simdjson write: 2.09; sonic-rs (Rust) validate: 1.77; sonic-rs (Rust) sum: 1.13; sonic-rs (Rust) select: 1.33; sonic-rs (Rust) edit: 1.86; sonic-rs (Rust) minify: 1.71; sonic-rs (Rust) write: 2.00; Boost.J&#8203;SON validate: 1.83; Boost.J&#8203;SON sum: 1.30; Boost.J&#8203;SON select: 2.23; Boost.J&#8203;SON edit: 2.45; Boost.J&#8203;SON minify: 2.83; Boost.J&#8203;SON write: 2.50; nlohmann/json json validate: 1.34; nlohmann/json json sum: 1.04; nlohmann/json json select: 6.05; nlohmann/json json edit: 3.37; nlohmann/json json minify: 4.13; nlohmann/json json write: 1.85; simd-json (Rust) validate: 3.31; simd-json (Rust) sum: 1.91; simd-json (Rust) select: 2.54; simd-json (Rust) edit: 2.82; simd-json (Rust) minify: 3.35; simd-json (Rust) write: 2.28; serde_json (Rust) validate: 2.19 (1.96 doing less, U); serde_json (Rust) sum: 2.35; serde_json (Rust) select: 1.70; serde_json (Rust) edit: 4.44; serde_json (Rust) minify: 4.88; serde_json (Rust) write: 2.21; Glaze validate: 2.05; Glaze sum: 4.06 (3.93 doing less, P); Glaze select: 1.39 (0.58 doing less, P); Glaze edit: 4.71; Glaze minify: 4.96 (0.70 doing less, P); Glaze write: 1.80; RapidJSON validate: 3.88 (3.36 doing less, U); RapidJSON sum: 2.67 (2.34 doing less, U); RapidJSON select: 3.39 (3.12 doing less, U); RapidJSON edit: 2.65 (2.52 doing less, U); RapidJSON minify: 3.64 (2.61 doing less, U N); RapidJSON write: 2.95.</desc>
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+<text class="nj-charts-cell" x="660.5" y="420" text-anchor="middle">2.61</text>
 <text class="nj-charts-cell nj-charts-cell--small" x="660.5" y="433" text-anchor="middle">U N</text>
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-<g class="nj-heat-cell" tabindex="0" data-tip="RapidJSON · write&#10;3.11× the time of the fastest library (fully validating)&#10;way: Writer&#10;twitter.json: 717 µs&#10;citm_catalog.json: 1,033 µs&#10;canada.json: 9,017 µs&#10;jeopardy.json: 134,260 µs">
+<g class="nj-heat-cell" tabindex="0" data-tip="RapidJSON · write&#10;2.95× the time of the fastest library (fully validating)&#10;way: Writer&#10;twitter.json: 661 µs&#10;citm_catalog.json: 1,015 µs&#10;canada.json: 8,980 µs&#10;jeopardy.json: 136,957 µs">
 <rect class="nj-heat-3" x="685" y="405" width="90" height="34" rx="3"/>
-<text class="nj-charts-cell" x="730" y="426" text-anchor="middle">3.11</text>
+<text class="nj-charts-cell" x="730" y="426" text-anchor="middle">2.95</text>
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 <text class="nj-charts-tick nj-charts-tick--l" x="8" y="472">time relative to the fastest fully validating library, less is better</text>
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@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ nav:
          - 'JSON_NO_SIMD': api/macros/json_no_simd.md
          - 'JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL': api/macros/json_no_thread_local.md
          - 'JSON_PRECISE_STREAM_POSITION': api/macros/json_precise_stream_position.md
+          - 'JSON_RECURSION_DEPTH_LIMIT': api/macros/json_recursion_depth_limit.md
          - 'JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK': api/macros/json_skip_library_version_check.md
          - 'JSON_SKIP_UNSUPPORTED_COMPILER_CHECK': api/macros/json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check.md
          - 'JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8': api/macros/json_strict_binary_utf8.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 wheel==0.48.0

 mkdocs==1.6.1                                       # documentation framework
-mkdocs-git-revision-date-localized-plugin==1.6.2    # plugin "git-revision-date-localized"
+mkdocs-git-revision-date-localized-plugin==1.6.3    # plugin "git-revision-date-localized"
 mkdocs-material==9.8.0                             # theme for mkdocs
 mkdocs-material-extensions==1.3.1                   # extensions
 mkdocs-minify-plugin==0.8.0                         # plugin "minify"
@@ -1,183 +1,183 @@
 benchmark,unit,3.12.0,3.13.0,speedup
-Accept/canada,ns,1.29488e+07,2.3494e+06,5.512
-Accept/citm_catalog,ns,6.53091e+06,923408,7.073
-Accept/floats,ns,1.15702e+08,2.26771e+07,5.102
-Accept/jeopardy,ns,2.20758e+08,5.92935e+07,3.723
-Accept/signed_ints,ns,1.17358e+08,2.82947e+07,4.148
-Accept/small_signed_ints,ns,5.75113e+07,1.80352e+07,3.189
-Accept/twitter,ns,2.51345e+06,483792,5.195
-Accept/unsigned_ints,ns,1.16297e+08,2.97181e+07,3.913
-BinaryToCbor/1024,ns,298.444,107.095,2.787
-BinaryToCbor/128,ns,248.661,116.711,2.131
-BinaryToCbor/16,ns,244.687,49.6325,4.930
-BinaryToCbor/16384,ns,952.115,413.62,2.302
-BinaryToCbor/2048,ns,328.419,125.183,2.624
-BinaryToCbor/256,ns,264.678,90.8937,2.912
-BinaryToCbor/32,ns,251.632,50.4059,4.992
-BinaryToCbor/32768,ns,1541.05,802.721,1.920
-BinaryToCbor/4096,ns,406.957,177.412,2.294
-BinaryToCbor/512,ns,289.876,102.063,2.840
-BinaryToCbor/64,ns,254.928,84.6434,3.012
-BinaryToCbor/8,ns,247.618,49.3761,5.015
-BinaryToCbor/8192,ns,514.281,256.456,2.005
-Copy/canada,ns,3.78116e+06,2.92734e+06,1.292
-Copy/citm_catalog,ns,1.7026e+06,1.51108e+06,1.127
-Copy/twitter,ns,840201,767400,1.095
-CopyAssign/canada,ns,3.86416e+06,2.94449e+06,1.312
-CopyAssign/citm_catalog,ns,1.76529e+06,1.58608e+06,1.113
-CopyAssign/twitter,ns,884985,790724,1.119
-CopyOnly/canada,ns,1.60229e+06,1.57507e+06,1.017
-CopyOnly/citm_catalog,ns,786244,817481,0.962
-CopyOnly/twitter,ns,423631,420649,1.007
-CopyRing/canada,ns,3.86433e+06,2.99657e+06,1.290
-CopyRing/citm_catalog,ns,1.84434e+06,1.60579e+06,1.149
-CopyRing/twitter,ns,951510,818035,1.163
-DestroyOnly/canada,ns,2.22138e+06,1.40157e+06,1.585
-DestroyOnly/citm_catalog,ns,926244,711471,1.302
-DestroyOnly/twitter,ns,416055,336082,1.238
-Diff/canada,ns,3.98055e+07,3.80466e+06,10.462
-Diff/citm_catalog,ns,7.1859e+06,1.12351e+06,6.396
-Diff/twitter,ns,5.11261e+06,661062,7.734
-Dump/canada / -,ns,6.95189e+06,2.33647e+06,2.975
-Dump/canada / 4,ns,9.09882e+06,3.10291e+06,2.932
-Dump/citm_catalog / -,ns,1.42117e+06,295678,4.806
-Dump/citm_catalog / 4,ns,1.98589e+06,422600,4.699
-Dump/floats / -,ns,6.4332e+07,2.37747e+07,2.706
-Dump/floats / 4,ns,7.25695e+07,2.46207e+07,2.947
-Dump/jeopardy / -,ns,2.06771e+08,3.17494e+07,6.513
-Dump/jeopardy / 4,ns,2.27967e+08,3.53626e+07,6.447
-Dump/signed_ints / -,ns,2.40551e+07,1.0736e+07,2.241
-Dump/signed_ints / 4,ns,3.25192e+07,1.1333e+07,2.869
-Dump/small_signed_ints / -,ns,1.81398e+07,8.12457e+06,2.233
-Dump/small_signed_ints / 4,ns,2.55296e+07,8.80796e+06,2.898
-Dump/twitter / -,ns,1.43584e+06,214252,6.702
-Dump/twitter / 4,ns,1.63183e+06,253042,6.449
-Dump/unsigned_ints / -,ns,2.39512e+07,8.11916e+06,2.950
-Dump/unsigned_ints / 4,ns,3.22761e+07,8.58925e+06,3.758
-Equal/canada,ns,473767,349284,1.356
-Equal/citm_catalog,ns,279548,263329,1.062
-Equal/twitter,ns,145555,131450,1.107
-Flatten/canada,ns,2.94475e+07,1.11184e+07,2.649
-Flatten/citm_catalog,ns,6.7155e+06,3.07325e+06,2.185
-Flatten/twitter,ns,3.66077e+06,2.10599e+06,1.738
-FlattenOrdered/citm_catalog,ns,2.62026e+08,1.42645e+06,183.691
-FlattenOrdered/twitter,ns,5.1275e+07,890275,57.595
-FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata / canada,ns,8.81972e+06,4.16727e+06,2.116
-FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata / twitter,ns,3.32045e+06,976266,3.401
-FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata_optimized / canada,ns,9.2386e+06,2.47996e+06,3.725
-FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata_optimized / twitter,ns,3.30526e+06,985625,3.353
-FromBinaryBuffer/bson / canada,ns,1.00372e+07,4.31554e+06,2.326
-FromBinaryBuffer/bson / citm_catalog,ns,4.07611e+06,1.60647e+06,2.537
-FromBinaryBuffer/bson / twitter,ns,3.25635e+06,936933,3.476
-FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / canada,ns,8.89562e+06,2.11517e+06,4.206
-FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / citm_catalog,ns,3.94234e+06,1.45242e+06,2.714
-FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / floats,ns,3.0473e+07,5.47969e+06,5.561
-FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / jeopardy,ns,3.73185e+08,1.14934e+08,3.247
-FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / signed_ints,ns,3.66673e+07,9.88892e+06,3.708
-FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / twitter,ns,3.23196e+06,953415,3.390
-FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / canada,ns,8.85983e+06,2.12215e+06,4.175
-FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / citm_catalog,ns,3.84901e+06,1.4503e+06,2.654
-FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / jeopardy,ns,3.73143e+08,1.11034e+08,3.361
-FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / twitter,ns,3.2397e+06,954811,3.393
-FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / canada,ns,8.84059e+06,4.20402e+06,2.103
-FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / citm_catalog,ns,4.0708e+06,1.78566e+06,2.280
-FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / jeopardy,ns,3.79093e+08,1.17024e+08,3.239
-FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / twitter,ns,3.29948e+06,981057,3.363
-FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson_optimized / canada,ns,8.88909e+06,2.42788e+06,3.661
-FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson_optimized / twitter,ns,3.29784e+06,974810,3.383
-FromBinaryFile/bjdata / twitter,ns,1.09208e+07,1.94678e+06,5.610
-FromBinaryFile/bson / twitter,ns,1.07209e+07,1.84971e+06,5.796
-FromBinaryFile/cbor / canada,ns,1.49218e+07,4.48832e+06,3.325
-FromBinaryFile/cbor / twitter,ns,1.03718e+07,1.57388e+06,6.590
-FromBinaryFile/ubjson / canada,ns,1.43414e+07,6.42996e+06,2.230
-FromBinaryFile/ubjson / twitter,ns,1.09266e+07,1.97275e+06,5.539
-FromBinaryShape/containers / bjdata,ns,1.46977e+07,7.23447e+06,2.032
-FromBinaryShape/containers / bson,ns,1.75596e+07,7.88867e+06,2.226
-FromBinaryShape/containers / cbor,ns,1.46488e+07,4.15792e+06,3.523
-FromBinaryShape/containers / msgpack,ns,1.45853e+07,3.89266e+06,3.747
-FromBinaryShape/containers / ubjson,ns,1.49773e+07,7.23987e+06,2.069
-FromBinaryShape/containers / ubjson_optimized,ns,1.54989e+07,4.55976e+06,3.399
-FromBinaryShape/nested / bjdata,ns,96825.9,38335.1,2.526
-FromBinaryShape/nested / bson,ns,101356,42620.2,2.378
-FromBinaryShape/nested / cbor,ns,94929.8,35845.6,2.648
-FromBinaryShape/nested / msgpack,ns,92610.2,35078.3,2.640
-FromBinaryShape/nested / ubjson,ns,96090.6,38285.6,2.510
-FromBinaryShape/scalars / bjdata,ns,2.52616e+07,1.15856e+07,2.180
-FromBinaryShape/scalars / cbor,ns,2.62118e+07,5.88743e+06,4.452
-FromBinaryShape/scalars / msgpack,ns,2.50706e+07,5.65159e+06,4.436
-FromBinaryShape/scalars / ubjson,ns,2.53402e+07,1.16191e+07,2.181
-FromCborChunkedString/10000 chunks,ns,91845.9,82875.5,1.108
-FromMsgpack/canada,ns,1.48853e+07,4.56225e+06,3.263
-FromMsgpack/citm_catalog,ns,9.3559e+06,2.26246e+06,4.135
-FromMsgpack/floats,ns,6.12575e+07,2.86709e+07,2.137
-FromMsgpack/jeopardy,ns,1.16767e+09,1.90153e+08,6.141
-FromMsgpack/signed_ints,ns,6.38812e+07,3.28867e+07,1.942
-FromMsgpack/small_signed_ints,ns,6.44688e+07,3.44227e+07,1.873
-FromMsgpack/twitter,ns,1.02787e+07,1.48541e+06,6.920
-FromMsgpack/unsigned_ints,ns,5.7784e+07,2.83078e+07,2.041
-"GetArray<std::array<int, 1000>>",ns,2274.63,654.431,3.476
-GetArray<std::deque<int>>,ns,8288.3,1175.75,7.049
-GetArray<std::set<int>>,ns,60017.4,42504.9,1.412
-GetArray<std::vector<int>>,ns,6785.73,681.915,9.951
-GetMap/citm_catalog,ns,3.60313e+06,2.48546e+06,1.450
-GetVectorDouble/floats,ns,6.83612e+06,656162,10.418
-GetVectorInt/signed_ints,ns,8.22365e+06,3.46495e+06,2.373
-Iterate/canada,ns,897083,328035,2.735
-Iterate/citm_catalog,ns,305421,171245,1.784
-Iterate/twitter,ns,89996.6,61975.8,1.452
-JsonPointerAt/citm_catalog,ns,1.89898e+06,1.17751e+06,1.613
-JsonPointerAt/twitter,ns,817946,611519,1.338
-JsonPointerContains/citm_catalog,ns,2.8177e+06,1.26796e+06,2.222
-JsonPointerContains/twitter,ns,1.33508e+06,628630,2.124
-JsonPointerParse/citm_catalog,ns,5.81355e+06,2.24831e+06,2.586
-JsonPointerParse/twitter,ns,2.47971e+06,1.02159e+06,2.427
-JsonPointerToString/citm_catalog,ns,6.7858e+06,1.93924e+06,3.499
-JsonPointerToString/twitter,ns,2.23096e+06,834416,2.674
-ParseFILE/canada,ns,5.41907e+07,1.46942e+07,3.688
-ParseFILE/citm_catalog,ns,3.59542e+07,7.58092e+06,4.743
-ParseFILE/twitter,ns,1.4087e+07,3.44991e+06,4.083
-ParseFile/canada,ns,1.82792e+07,6.46954e+06,2.825
-ParseFile/citm_catalog,ns,8.12979e+06,2.52336e+06,3.222
-ParseFile/floats,ns,1.31229e+08,4.81407e+07,2.726
-ParseFile/jeopardy,ns,3.38017e+08,1.62098e+08,2.085
-ParseFile/signed_ints,ns,1.28749e+08,4.62304e+07,2.785
-ParseFile/small_signed_ints,ns,6.47398e+07,3.34103e+07,1.938
-ParseFile/twitter,ns,3.43041e+06,1.37495e+06,2.495
-ParseFile/unsigned_ints,ns,1.24001e+08,4.74365e+07,2.614
-ParseIndented/canada / 4,ns,3.4977e+07,5.37149e+06,6.512
-ParseIndented/citm_catalog / 4,ns,7.52423e+06,1.81376e+06,4.148
-ParseIndented/jeopardy / 4,ns,3.45046e+08,1.33383e+08,2.587
-ParseIndented/twitter / 4,ns,3.72283e+06,1.12645e+06,3.305
-ParseStreamValues/ndjson,ns,7.15876e+06,3.76965e+06,1.899
-ParseStreamValues/numbers,ns,1.92619e+06,383138,5.027
-ParseString/canada,ns,1.55213e+07,4.62776e+06,3.354
-ParseString/citm_catalog,ns,7.56417e+06,1.77967e+06,4.250
-ParseString/floats,ns,1.21779e+08,2.83035e+07,4.303
-ParseString/jeopardy,ns,3.16817e+08,1.30897e+08,2.420
-ParseString/signed_ints,ns,1.22931e+08,3.19852e+07,3.843
-ParseString/small_signed_ints,ns,6.2685e+07,2.49764e+07,2.510
-ParseString/twitter,ns,3.2961e+06,1.04867e+06,3.143
-ParseString/unsigned_ints,ns,1.21229e+08,3.29241e+07,3.682
-ParseStringOrdered/canada,ns,1.5388e+07,4.5275e+06,3.399
-ParseStringOrdered/citm_catalog,ns,1.15204e+07,1.68115e+06,6.853
-ParseStringOrdered/jeopardy,ns,3.73533e+08,1.13397e+08,3.294
-ParseStringOrdered/twitter,ns,4.5979e+06,948606,4.847
-Patch/canada,ns,1.03684e+07,3.47719e+06,2.982
-Patch/citm_catalog,ns,2.74522e+06,1.74191e+06,1.576
-Patch/twitter,ns,1.57928e+06,888657,1.777
-SaxParse/canada,ns,1.31023e+07,3.26697e+06,4.011
-SaxParse/citm_catalog,ns,6.54642e+06,966806,6.771
-SaxParse/twitter,ns,2.53102e+06,483052,5.240
-ToCbor/canada,ns,1.41339e+06,556912,2.538
-ToCbor/citm_catalog,ns,1.04743e+06,259178,4.041
-ToCbor/floats,ns,9.04677e+06,1.90094e+06,4.759
-ToCbor/jeopardy,ns,7.39339e+07,2.20678e+07,3.350
-ToCbor/signed_ints,ns,1.15333e+07,2.827e+06,4.080
-ToCbor/small_signed_ints,ns,1.0394e+07,2.47974e+06,4.192
-ToCbor/twitter,ns,658566,143397,4.593
-ToCbor/unsigned_ints,ns,8.17966e+06,2.81588e+06,2.905
-ToJsonStrings/copy,ns,6.12e+06,5.65303e+06,1.083
-ToJsonStrings/move,ns,6.13061e+06,3.13303e+06,1.957
-Unflatten/canada,ns,4.25276e+07,1.10995e+07,3.831
-Unflatten/citm_catalog,ns,1.01866e+07,3.62185e+06,2.813
-Unflatten/twitter,ns,4.74536e+06,2.21103e+06,2.146
+Accept/canada,ns,1.27789e+07,1.34304e+06,9.515
+Accept/citm_catalog,ns,6.47666e+06,474064,13.662
+Accept/floats,ns,1.14227e+08,1.72173e+07,6.634
+Accept/jeopardy,ns,2.18081e+08,2.79002e+07,7.816
+Accept/signed_ints,ns,1.15981e+08,2.33778e+07,4.961
+Accept/small_signed_ints,ns,5.64996e+07,1.31818e+07,4.286
+Accept/twitter,ns,2.48725e+06,234277,10.617
+Accept/unsigned_ints,ns,1.14729e+08,2.28147e+07,5.029
+BinaryToCbor/1024,ns,315.368,108.041,2.919
+BinaryToCbor/128,ns,266.074,114.105,2.332
+BinaryToCbor/16,ns,246.212,49.912,4.933
+BinaryToCbor/16384,ns,950.054,418.045,2.273
+BinaryToCbor/2048,ns,340.213,126.796,2.683
+BinaryToCbor/256,ns,279.79,91.7512,3.049
+BinaryToCbor/32,ns,262.471,50.3433,5.214
+BinaryToCbor/32768,ns,1578.4,837.8,1.884
+BinaryToCbor/4096,ns,431.963,174.276,2.479
+BinaryToCbor/512,ns,296.768,102.073,2.907
+BinaryToCbor/64,ns,259.159,84.2641,3.076
+BinaryToCbor/8,ns,250.574,49.9122,5.020
+BinaryToCbor/8192,ns,527.418,253.616,2.080
+Copy/canada,ns,3.68841e+06,2.9017e+06,1.271
+Copy/citm_catalog,ns,1.64706e+06,1.48507e+06,1.109
+Copy/twitter,ns,810558,728698,1.112
+CopyAssign/canada,ns,3.73912e+06,2.94393e+06,1.270
+CopyAssign/citm_catalog,ns,1.6545e+06,1.53713e+06,1.076
+CopyAssign/twitter,ns,817997,752415,1.087
+CopyOnly/canada,ns,1.53602e+06,1.52075e+06,1.010
+CopyOnly/citm_catalog,ns,754817,794741,0.950
+CopyOnly/twitter,ns,406966,410330,0.992
+CopyRing/canada,ns,3.74734e+06,2.92592e+06,1.281
+CopyRing/citm_catalog,ns,1.7477e+06,1.54757e+06,1.129
+CopyRing/twitter,ns,876191,784261,1.117
+DestroyOnly/canada,ns,2.16216e+06,1.38217e+06,1.564
+DestroyOnly/citm_catalog,ns,895535,681877,1.313
+DestroyOnly/twitter,ns,406450,326620,1.244
+Diff/canada,ns,3.91782e+07,3.75209e+06,10.442
+Diff/citm_catalog,ns,6.91552e+06,1.09211e+06,6.332
+Diff/twitter,ns,4.92965e+06,639734,7.706
+Dump/canada / -,ns,6.70617e+06,2.31399e+06,2.898
+Dump/canada / 4,ns,8.81664e+06,3.03083e+06,2.909
+Dump/citm_catalog / -,ns,1.39132e+06,295525,4.708
+Dump/citm_catalog / 4,ns,1.94729e+06,421536,4.620
+Dump/floats / -,ns,6.35321e+07,2.37757e+07,2.672
+Dump/floats / 4,ns,7.19879e+07,2.4663e+07,2.919
+Dump/jeopardy / -,ns,2.0176e+08,3.0624e+07,6.588
+Dump/jeopardy / 4,ns,2.20493e+08,3.43504e+07,6.419
+Dump/signed_ints / -,ns,2.36853e+07,1.07405e+07,2.205
+Dump/signed_ints / 4,ns,3.2029e+07,1.13731e+07,2.816
+Dump/small_signed_ints / -,ns,1.78623e+07,7.93339e+06,2.252
+Dump/small_signed_ints / 4,ns,2.50508e+07,8.80939e+06,2.844
+Dump/twitter / -,ns,1.40813e+06,213513,6.595
+Dump/twitter / 4,ns,1.59095e+06,249353,6.380
+Dump/unsigned_ints / -,ns,2.35653e+07,8.07378e+06,2.919
+Dump/unsigned_ints / 4,ns,3.17269e+07,8.50708e+06,3.729
+Equal/canada,ns,463162,336269,1.377
+Equal/citm_catalog,ns,264124,260967,1.012
+Equal/twitter,ns,138843,128906,1.077
+Flatten/canada,ns,2.86941e+07,1.1214e+07,2.559
+Flatten/citm_catalog,ns,6.4406e+06,3.00538e+06,2.143
+Flatten/twitter,ns,3.53051e+06,2.05449e+06,1.718
+FlattenOrdered/citm_catalog,ns,2.56371e+08,1.40896e+06,181.958
+FlattenOrdered/twitter,ns,5.00313e+07,863594,57.934
+FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata / canada,ns,8.15141e+06,4.17154e+06,1.954
+FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata / twitter,ns,3.18297e+06,893076,3.564
+FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata_optimized / canada,ns,8.73882e+06,2.42167e+06,3.609
+FromBinaryBuffer/bjdata_optimized / twitter,ns,3.15905e+06,884856,3.570
+FromBinaryBuffer/bson / canada,ns,9.33283e+06,4.27358e+06,2.184
+FromBinaryBuffer/bson / citm_catalog,ns,3.91854e+06,1.61073e+06,2.433
+FromBinaryBuffer/bson / twitter,ns,3.176e+06,910290,3.489
+FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / canada,ns,8.39002e+06,2.08256e+06,4.029
+FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / citm_catalog,ns,3.71495e+06,1.31999e+06,2.814
+FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / floats,ns,2.91606e+07,5.48446e+06,5.317
+FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / jeopardy,ns,3.52964e+08,1.00739e+08,3.504
+FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / signed_ints,ns,3.59874e+07,9.77712e+06,3.681
+FromBinaryBuffer/cbor / twitter,ns,3.08997e+06,878827,3.516
+FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / canada,ns,8.25869e+06,2.09779e+06,3.937
+FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / citm_catalog,ns,3.71825e+06,1.28675e+06,2.890
+FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / jeopardy,ns,3.56624e+08,9.69017e+07,3.680
+FromBinaryBuffer/msgpack / twitter,ns,3.06392e+06,850067,3.604
+FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / canada,ns,8.12649e+06,4.14411e+06,1.961
+FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / citm_catalog,ns,3.82184e+06,1.65659e+06,2.307
+FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / jeopardy,ns,3.65507e+08,1.01303e+08,3.608
+FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson / twitter,ns,3.15221e+06,895746,3.519
+FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson_optimized / canada,ns,8.5126e+06,2.38858e+06,3.564
+FromBinaryBuffer/ubjson_optimized / twitter,ns,3.12199e+06,882166,3.539
+FromBinaryFile/bjdata / twitter,ns,1.04222e+07,1.45214e+06,7.177
+FromBinaryFile/bson / twitter,ns,1.02874e+07,1.23514e+06,8.329
+FromBinaryFile/cbor / canada,ns,1.43434e+07,2.4071e+06,5.959
+FromBinaryFile/cbor / twitter,ns,9.92359e+06,1.075e+06,9.231
+FromBinaryFile/ubjson / canada,ns,1.35516e+07,6.2336e+06,2.174
+FromBinaryFile/ubjson / twitter,ns,1.05159e+07,1.46077e+06,7.199
+FromBinaryShape/containers / bjdata,ns,1.43175e+07,7.24204e+06,1.977
+FromBinaryShape/containers / bson,ns,1.74215e+07,7.97531e+06,2.184
+FromBinaryShape/containers / cbor,ns,1.3898e+07,3.93021e+06,3.536
+FromBinaryShape/containers / msgpack,ns,1.378e+07,3.88449e+06,3.547
+FromBinaryShape/containers / ubjson,ns,1.44223e+07,7.2737e+06,1.983
+FromBinaryShape/containers / ubjson_optimized,ns,1.49736e+07,4.48674e+06,3.337
+FromBinaryShape/nested / bjdata,ns,96363.9,38197.9,2.523
+FromBinaryShape/nested / bson,ns,102515,42496.1,2.412
+FromBinaryShape/nested / cbor,ns,93842.1,35385.5,2.652
+FromBinaryShape/nested / msgpack,ns,92033,34888.5,2.638
+FromBinaryShape/nested / ubjson,ns,96455.9,37922.6,2.543
+FromBinaryShape/scalars / bjdata,ns,2.48048e+07,1.1476e+07,2.161
+FromBinaryShape/scalars / cbor,ns,2.56641e+07,5.68711e+06,4.513
+FromBinaryShape/scalars / msgpack,ns,2.44254e+07,5.56716e+06,4.387
+FromBinaryShape/scalars / ubjson,ns,2.49328e+07,1.15997e+07,2.149
+FromCborChunkedString/10000 chunks,ns,90902.3,61512.6,1.478
+FromMsgpack/canada,ns,1.43596e+07,2.40425e+06,5.973
+FromMsgpack/citm_catalog,ns,9.03526e+06,1.66705e+06,5.420
+FromMsgpack/floats,ns,5.97879e+07,2.82314e+07,2.118
+FromMsgpack/jeopardy,ns,1.14023e+09,1.1207e+08,10.174
+FromMsgpack/signed_ints,ns,6.30943e+07,3.27435e+07,1.927
+FromMsgpack/small_signed_ints,ns,6.34225e+07,3.52538e+07,1.799
+FromMsgpack/twitter,ns,9.99383e+06,1.01241e+06,9.871
+FromMsgpack/unsigned_ints,ns,5.61151e+07,2.82024e+07,1.990
+"GetArray<std::array<int, 1000>>",ns,2242.43,641.094,3.498
+GetArray<std::deque<int>>,ns,8157.44,1172.81,6.955
+GetArray<std::set<int>>,ns,58833.4,41553,1.416
+GetArray<std::vector<int>>,ns,6725.67,670.816,10.026
+GetMap/citm_catalog,ns,3.44193e+06,2.43771e+06,1.412
+GetVectorDouble/floats,ns,6.7017e+06,650766,10.298
+GetVectorInt/signed_ints,ns,8.06579e+06,3.40643e+06,2.368
+Iterate/canada,ns,873618,445143,1.963
+Iterate/citm_catalog,ns,301801,157823,1.912
+Iterate/twitter,ns,87345,58936.4,1.482
+JsonPointerAt/citm_catalog,ns,1.85369e+06,1.1599e+06,1.598
+JsonPointerAt/twitter,ns,791487,599585,1.320
+JsonPointerContains/citm_catalog,ns,2.73824e+06,1.25465e+06,2.182
+JsonPointerContains/twitter,ns,1.32403e+06,620312,2.134
+JsonPointerParse/citm_catalog,ns,5.72778e+06,2.21453e+06,2.586
+JsonPointerParse/twitter,ns,2.4672e+06,1.00864e+06,2.446
+JsonPointerToString/citm_catalog,ns,6.65484e+06,1.89788e+06,3.506
+JsonPointerToString/twitter,ns,2.13903e+06,811916,2.635
+ParseFILE/canada,ns,5.29148e+07,6.01689e+06,8.794
+ParseFILE/citm_catalog,ns,3.49593e+07,2.34075e+06,14.935
+ParseFILE/twitter,ns,1.38263e+07,1.34963e+06,10.245
+ParseFile/canada,ns,1.76922e+07,6.22534e+06,2.842
+ParseFile/citm_catalog,ns,7.85962e+06,2.47244e+06,3.179
+ParseFile/floats,ns,1.29413e+08,4.83839e+07,2.675
+ParseFile/jeopardy,ns,3.30328e+08,1.56161e+08,2.115
+ParseFile/signed_ints,ns,1.27675e+08,4.65862e+07,2.741
+ParseFile/small_signed_ints,ns,6.44651e+07,3.33577e+07,1.933
+ParseFile/twitter,ns,3.39729e+06,1.37932e+06,2.463
+ParseFile/unsigned_ints,ns,1.23326e+08,4.73146e+07,2.607
+ParseIndented/canada / 4,ns,3.41603e+07,4.60976e+06,7.410
+ParseIndented/citm_catalog / 4,ns,7.45491e+06,1.45798e+06,5.113
+ParseIndented/jeopardy / 4,ns,3.38801e+08,1.14349e+08,2.963
+ParseIndented/twitter / 4,ns,3.61322e+06,975391,3.704
+ParseStreamValues/ndjson,ns,7.07974e+06,3.7154e+06,1.906
+ParseStreamValues/numbers,ns,1.92884e+06,388042,4.971
+ParseString/canada,ns,1.52389e+07,3.73427e+06,4.081
+ParseString/citm_catalog,ns,7.40128e+06,1.44821e+06,5.111
+ParseString/floats,ns,1.19856e+08,2.49654e+07,4.801
+ParseString/jeopardy,ns,3.03449e+08,1.13053e+08,2.684
+ParseString/signed_ints,ns,1.21175e+08,2.86805e+07,4.225
+ParseString/small_signed_ints,ns,6.07636e+07,1.77037e+07,3.432
+ParseString/twitter,ns,3.21074e+06,920551,3.488
+ParseString/unsigned_ints,ns,1.20011e+08,2.85056e+07,4.210
+ParseStringOrdered/canada,ns,1.52544e+07,3.77964e+06,4.036
+ParseStringOrdered/citm_catalog,ns,1.09927e+07,1.34339e+06,8.183
+ParseStringOrdered/jeopardy,ns,3.60435e+08,9.81296e+07,3.673
+ParseStringOrdered/twitter,ns,4.41151e+06,803859,5.488
+Patch/canada,ns,1.01249e+07,3.41425e+06,2.965
+Patch/citm_catalog,ns,2.54415e+06,1.65413e+06,1.538
+Patch/twitter,ns,1.4932e+06,870217,1.716
+SaxParse/canada,ns,1.28611e+07,2.49889e+06,5.147
+SaxParse/citm_catalog,ns,6.43798e+06,655372,9.823
+SaxParse/twitter,ns,2.48859e+06,334038,7.450
+ToCbor/canada,ns,1.39101e+06,554952,2.507
+ToCbor/citm_catalog,ns,1.0334e+06,260397,3.969
+ToCbor/floats,ns,8.93763e+06,1.84589e+06,4.842
+ToCbor/jeopardy,ns,7.14785e+07,2.10551e+07,3.395
+ToCbor/signed_ints,ns,1.13863e+07,2.74211e+06,4.152
+ToCbor/small_signed_ints,ns,1.02822e+07,2.37622e+06,4.327
+ToCbor/twitter,ns,636979,144369,4.412
+ToCbor/unsigned_ints,ns,8.04576e+06,2.74066e+06,2.936
+ToJsonStrings/copy,ns,5.85988e+06,5.60056e+06,1.046
+ToJsonStrings/move,ns,5.92335e+06,3.04643e+06,1.944
+Unflatten/canada,ns,4.17811e+07,1.08132e+07,3.864
+Unflatten/citm_catalog,ns,9.80315e+06,3.53672e+06,2.772
+Unflatten/twitter,ns,4.56968e+06,2.16566e+06,2.110
@@ -351,4 +351,11 @@ index,commit,date,pr,subject,parse_twitter,parse_citm,parse_canada,parse_citm_co
 349,b18b6fc7e6,2026-11-02,6013,Build the parser's syntax error prefix with one concat() (#6013),1370.175,2435.337,6098.834,2320.728,1726.256,472.914,210.817,289.786,2292.841,419.186,1306.593,139.277,1481.709,1714.543,177.065,366.270,971.330
 350,07876e2292,2026-11-02,6015,json_view: a value that is not found has no bytes in its exception context (#6015),1361.297,2435.980,6080.718,2305.853,1707.733,474.621,210.382,291.568,2337.276,424.783,1329.556,139.590,1450.506,1690.804,178.472,366.370,977.807
 351,baba5db36f,2026-11-02,6016,"Fix the MSVC and GCC builds of develop (C4127, -Weffc++) (#6016)",1381.280,2440.908,6116.068,2303.611,1713.472,476.121,210.492,290.105,2319.878,420.598,1318.037,139.554,1471.388,1729.097,177.078,369.621,959.145
-352,candidate,,,develop + open pull requests,1392.967,2469.204,6110.380,2348.760,1730.819,474.089,212.339,290.760,2284.428,420.179,1320.938,137.755,1441.341,1697.486,176.758,364.547,955.117
+352,57b898ef99,2026-11-03,5998,Replace a multibyte decimal point in dump() of a long double (#5998),1376.416,2456.476,6107.073,2325.534,1714.240,471.800,213.484,290.901,2288.426,420.062,1304.744,139.492,1441.231,1696.537,176.981,363.955,944.685
+353,efc437ef6e,2026-11-04,6002,UBJSON/BJData/MessagePack reader: reject a container count equal to SIZE_MAX (#6002),1376.138,2441.279,6136.755,2331.556,1708.185,467.554,210.231,291.606,2314.834,415.023,1321.171,138.603,1456.238,1718.533,176.858,366.713,938.783
+354,42825fba07,2026-11-04,6020,Binary writers: zero only a window ahead of the vector sink's position (#6020),1391.971,2460.961,6101.484,2312.584,1736.846,484.624,211.385,289.579,2309.943,416.103,1316.307,138.308,1464.425,1715.552,179.565,367.624,969.541
+355,1da8735154,2026-11-04,6023,Fix leak and crash when an allocation throws during parsing (#6023),1358.000,2456.832,6148.140,2333.761,1752.168,487.998,213.374,290.735,2324.377,420.402,1316.165,139.748,1460.000,1714.216,179.958,367.953,970.615
+356,e48800f09d,2026-11-04,6001,Binary reader and writer: remove checks that invariants make dead (#6001),1371.292,2434.395,6104.099,2313.769,1711.288,483.297,211.214,288.130,2308.992,416.639,1300.966,138.719,1455.595,1695.539,180.445,370.313,962.574
+357,951271127b,2026-11-07,6028,Binary readers: append strings straight from contiguous input (#6028),1381.807,2431.713,6099.235,2311.519,1694.104,464.615,207.900,288.438,2322.463,418.952,1227.851,138.811,1468.723,1706.816,177.249,369.912,975.798
+358,18138227dc,2026-11-07,6030,Scan the buffer of a FILE in bulk with glibc and the Apple C library (#6030),1379.500,2439.343,6147.771,2308.199,1689.427,482.217,213.967,290.466,2309.747,420.209,1239.525,139.367,1443.438,1731.583,180.401,364.380,975.476
+359,candidate,,,develop + open pull requests,1230.726,2155.896,5188.718,2038.886,1713.280,234.359,212.584,289.591,2313.669,425.788,1234.309,137.017,1444.999,1699.919,179.250,367.586,954.772
@@ -201,24 +201,24 @@ def digits():
 # ---------- overview: speedup per workload (Google Benchmark rows, 3.12.0 time / 3.13.0 time) ----------
 # (group, label, speedup), copied from the table "The short version"
 OVERVIEW = [
-    ("Parsing", "twitter.json", 3.14),
-    ("Parsing", "citm_catalog.json", 4.25),
-    ("Parsing", "canada.json", 3.35),
-    ("Parsing", "canada.json, indented", 6.51),
-    ("Parsing", "citm, ordered_json", 6.85),
-    ("Parsing", "twitter, std::ifstream", 2.50),
-    ("Parsing", "citm, FILE*", 4.74),
-    ("Parsing", "citm, accept()", 7.07),
-    ("Writing", "dump() twitter", 6.70),
-    ("Writing", "dump() canada", 2.98),
-    ("Writing", "dump(4) citm", 4.70),
-    ("Writing", "to_cbor() twitter", 4.59),
-    ("Reading CBOR", "twitter, memory", 3.39),
-    ("Reading CBOR", "twitter, FILE*", 6.59),
-    ("Values", "diff() canada", 10.46),
-    ("Values", "iterate canada", 2.73),
-    ("Values", "copy + destroy citm", 1.13),
-    ("Values", "== citm", 1.06),
+    ("Parsing", "twitter.json", 3.49),
+    ("Parsing", "citm_catalog.json", 5.11),
+    ("Parsing", "canada.json", 4.08),
+    ("Parsing", "canada.json, indented", 7.41),
+    ("Parsing", "citm, ordered_json", 8.18),
+    ("Parsing", "twitter, std::ifstream", 2.46),
+    ("Parsing", "citm, FILE*", 14.94),
+    ("Parsing", "citm, accept()", 13.66),
+    ("Writing", "dump() twitter", 6.60),
+    ("Writing", "dump() canada", 2.90),
+    ("Writing", "dump(4) citm", 4.62),
+    ("Writing", "to_cbor() twitter", 4.41),
+    ("Reading CBOR", "twitter, memory", 3.52),
+    ("Reading CBOR", "twitter, FILE*", 9.23),
+    ("Values", "diff() canada", 10.44),
+    ("Values", "iterate canada", 1.96),
+    ("Values", "copy + destroy citm", 1.11),
+    ("Values", "== citm", 1.01),
 ]


@@ -304,16 +304,19 @@ def distribution():
 # (column in perf_timeline.csv, panel title, [(PR, label)]): each labeled step shows the number of the theme that
 # explains it ("U" for the UTF-8 check of the binary readers that came and went); the appendix maps steps to PRs
 TIMELINE = [
-    ("parse_citm", "parse() citm_catalog.json", [(5234, "4"), (5283, "1"), (5592, "4"), (5809, "4"), (5810, "2"), (5882, "4")]),
-    ("parse_canada", "parse() canada.json", [(5234, "4"), (5283, "1"), (5617, "3"), (5738, "3"), (5851, "3"), (5882, "4")]),
-    ("accept_twitter", "accept() twitter.json", [(5234, "4"), (5283, "1"), (5592, "4"), (5809, "4"), (5810, "2"), (5853, "2")]),
+    ("parse_citm", "parse() citm_catalog.json", [(5234, "4"), (5283, "1"), (5592, "4"), (5809, "4"), (5810, "2"), (5882, "4"), (6031, "1")]),
+    ("parse_canada", "parse() canada.json", [(5234, "4"), (5283, "1"), (5617, "3"), (5738, "3"), (5851, "3"), (5882, "4"), (6031, "1")]),
+    ("accept_twitter", "accept() twitter.json", [(5234, "4"), (5283, "1"), (5592, "4"), (5809, "4"), (5810, "2"), (5853, "2"), (6031, "1")]),
    ("parse_twitter_ifstream", "parse() twitter.json, std::ifstream", [(5828, "1"), (5884, "1")]),
    ("dump_twitter", "dump() twitter.json", [(5285, "6"), (5738, "2"), (5878, "2"), (5883, "2")]),
    ("dump_canada", "dump() canada.json", [(5285, "6"), (5634, "3")]),
-    ("from_cbor_twitter", "from_cbor() twitter", [(5233, "1"), (5501, "4"), (5185, "U"), (5746, "U")]),
+    ("from_cbor_twitter", "from_cbor() twitter", [(5233, "1"), (5501, "4"), (5185, "U"), (5746, "U"), (6028, "4")]),
    ("to_cbor_twitter", "to_cbor() twitter", [(5328, "4"), (5824, "6"), (5885, "6")]),
 ]
-MONTHS = [("2025-04", "3.12.0"), ("2026-09", "Sep 2026"), ("2026-10", "Oct")]
+# pull requests that were not merged yet when the timeline was measured: their step is the last point, the candidate
+# (develop with the open pull requests merged); drop a number here once its pull request is on develop
+PENDING = {6031}
+MONTHS = [("2025-04", "3.12.0"), ("2026-09", "Sep 2026"), ("2026-10", "Oct"), ("2026-11", "Nov")]


 def timeline():
@@ -358,7 +361,10 @@ def timeline():
        # label, and a label that would overlap one already placed moves up
        groups = []
        for pr, lab in labels:
-            i = next(k for k, r in enumerate(rows) if r["pr"] == str(pr))
+            i = next((k for k, r in enumerate(rows) if r["pr"] == str(pr)), None)
+            if i is None and pr in PENDING and rows[-1]["commit"] == "candidate":
+                i = n - 1
+            assert i is not None, "no commit of #%d in the timeline" % pr
            if groups and X(i) - X(groups[-1][-1][1]) < 6:
                groups[-1].append((pr, i, lab))
            else:
@@ -454,7 +460,8 @@ def heldout():
        for f in files:
            libs = data[plat][f]
            # the fastest other library: below 1 json_document is the fastest, and the distance shows by how much
-            best = min((l for l in libs if l != "nlohmann json_document"), key=lambda l: libs[l]["us"])
+            # json::accept() is nlohmann/json too, not another library
+            best = min((l for l in libs if l not in ("nlohmann json_document", "nlohmann json")), key=lambda l: libs[l]["us"])
            rel[plat, f] = libs["nlohmann json_document"]["us"] / libs[best]["us"]
            winner[plat, f] = UC_LIBS.get(best, best)
    files.sort(key=lambda f: (rel["x86-gcc", f], rel["mac", f]))
@@ -498,10 +505,10 @@ def heldout():
 # CPU time of the compiler in ms, median of 5 interleaved rounds, C++20, M1 Max (the post's appendix G)
 # (3.12.0, 3.13.0, 3.13.0 with a precompiled header, 3.13.0 as a module)
 PRICE = [
-    ("Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug)", [("count_numbers", 955.0, 1320.5, 688.5, 917.5), ("server_config", 1113.2, 1496.4, 862.6, 1135.5)]),
-    ("Apple clang 21, -O2", [("count_numbers", 1393.2, 2081.0, 1458.4, 1684.6), ("server_config", 1753.5, 2545.6, 1925.3, 2168.6)]),
-    ("GCC 16, -O0 (debug)", [("count_numbers", 1569.4, 2548.4, 1725.0, 1699.8), ("server_config", 2025.4, 2985.1, 2301.6, 2325.8)]),
-    ("GCC 16, -O2", [("count_numbers", 2336.0, 3701.5, 2986.8, 2913.4), ("server_config", 3121.5, 4714.2, 4006.2, 4054.9)]),
+    ("Apple clang 21, -O0 (debug)", [("count_numbers", 830.8, 1131.1, 639.0, 790.3), ("server_config", 962.8, 1312.5, 774.2, 1036.5)]),
+    ("Apple clang 21, -O2", [("count_numbers", 1328.4, 1898.4, 1311.8, 1491.2), ("server_config", 1584.1, 2251.0, 1778.7, 1925.9)]),
+    ("GCC 16, -O0 (debug)", [("count_numbers", 1416.5, 2385.4, 1592.9, 1603.7), ("server_config", 1877.6, 2819.8, 2152.1, 2180.2)]),
+    ("GCC 16, -O2", [("count_numbers", 2159.0, 3464.5, 2765.0, 2739.8), ("server_config", 2877.9, 4388.2, 3722.4, 3773.8)]),
 ]
 PRICE_SERIES = [("3.13.0", "nj-charts-c2"), ("3.13.0, precompiled header", "nj-charts-c1"), ("3.13.0, module", "nj-charts-c3")]

@@ -584,7 +591,8 @@ NUMBER_TEXT = ("source numbers", "raw numbers")   # variants that write each num

 def normalize_usecases(data):
    """Chooses each library's best variants again with the rules of the post: variants that reuse a parser or document
-    across calls are measured but not chosen. Variants that write each number by copying its text instead of formatting
+    across calls, and in-place variants whose copy of the input is made before the timer starts ("(copy untimed)"), are
+    measured but not chosen. Variants that write each number by copying its text instead of formatting
    it (json_document's number_format::source, yyjson's and RapidJSON's raw numbers in edit, minify and write) are not
    chosen as the fully validating way, but as a way that does less, marked "N" like "U" and "P". Skipping the number
    conversion while reading is allowed. Each pick has a "mark": "", or the letters of what it skips"""
@@ -594,7 +602,7 @@ def normalize_usecases(data):
        numtext = lambda k: uc in WRITING and any(w in k for w in NUMBER_TEXT)
        for cell in files.values():
            for e in cell.values():
-                vs = [(v["us"], k, v["level"]) for k, v in e["variants"].items() if "reused" not in k]
+                vs = [(v["us"], k, v["level"]) for k, v in e["variants"].items() if "reused" not in k and "copy untimed" not in k]
                full = [v for v in vs if rank[v[2]] == 0 and not numtext(v[1])]
                pick = lambda v: {"us": v[0], "variant": v[1], "level": "full" if rank[v[2]] == 0 else v[2],
                                  "mark": " ".join(m for m in (LEVEL_MARK.get(v[2], ""), "N" if numtext(v[1]) else "") if m)}
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
    "": {
      "name": "check-mermaid",
      "dependencies": {
-        "jsdom": "30.1.3",
-        "mermaid": "11.17.2"
+        "jsdom": "31.0.0",
+        "mermaid": "12.3.0"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@antfu/install-pkg": {
@@ -23,194 +23,48 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/antfu"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/@asamuzakjp/css-color": {
-      "version": "7.1.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@asamuzakjp/css-color/-/css-color-7.1.3.tgz",
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-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "@csstools/css-calc": "^3.4.2",
-        "@csstools/css-color-parser": "^4.2.5",
-        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^4.0.2",
-        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^4.0.2",
-        "lru-cache": "^11.5.3"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@asamuzakjp/dom-selector": {
-      "version": "10.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@asamuzakjp/dom-selector/-/dom-selector-10.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-3+777rEPsOOjoy5/sRmIzHnoRDaLpm3XWY2dmWn/N7f/XwDG0bcpnFaKL3X9FYJUbNwLmpcJC1bUYexJRxsFlw==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "bidi-js": "^1.1.0",
-        "css-tree": "^3.2.1",
-        "is-potential-custom-element-name": "^1.0.1",
-        "lru-cache": "^11.5.3"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": "^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/@braintree/sanitize-url": {
      "version": "7.1.2",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@braintree/sanitize-url/-/sanitize-url-7.1.2.tgz",
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      "license": "MIT"
    },
-    "node_modules/@bramus/specificity": {
-      "version": "2.4.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@bramus/specificity/-/specificity-2.4.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ctxtJ/eA+t+6q2++vj5j7FYX3nRu311q1wfYH3xjlLOsczhlhxAg2FWNUXhpGvAw3BWo1xBcvOV6/YLc2r5FJw==",
-      "license": "MIT",
+    "node_modules/@chevrotain/cst-dts-gen": {
+      "version": "13.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/cst-dts-gen/-/cst-dts-gen-13.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bA9dvWlhAUcHkNwU+8w9yiUxJPlj/Lm3VqS7MD+NbIR/7LmpNLuK/AWNFdCo/T3SK5ND0/UHf3IJvl/Jn/i6yg==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
      "dependencies": {
-        "css-tree": "^3.0.0"
-      },
-      "bin": {
-        "specificity": "bin/cli.js"
+        "@chevrotain/gast": "13.2.0",
+        "@chevrotain/types": "13.2.0"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/@chevrotain/types": {
-      "version": "11.1.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/types/-/types-11.1.2.tgz",
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+    "node_modules/@chevrotain/gast": {
+      "version": "13.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/gast/-/gast-13.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bCARdAsG+eEbOveSXcOAC7pVxA04I1ionzeMOwIYf5NX7SaS7zgn4Dgug2BSqoL+iyKeMNSorQjsFSHJHsCNwg==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@chevrotain/types": "13.2.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@chevrotain/regexp-to-ast": {
+      "version": "13.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/regexp-to-ast/-/regexp-to-ast-13.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-kxpUkLtiaK09ph+dib+Yvm+3sWSnuwlo25gqfKRgTPNmF6H7uW4gVkMjaRdtnN783S9sM6vUNWh9CsxYX4QwKw==",
      "license": "Apache-2.0"
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-    "node_modules/@csstools/color-helpers": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/color-helpers/-/color-helpers-6.1.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-grhRy3OKmniaAEKXMjua5z/EODX0MSqBGjunw8+j/3HQjOnahs2AGhvEOIYVUWcU6ScApbhLhVrQTX8XqrMrow==",
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "github",
-          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "opencollective",
-          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
-        }
-      ],
-      "license": "MIT-0",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=20.19.0"
-      }
+    "node_modules/@chevrotain/types": {
+      "version": "13.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/types/-/types-13.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7qrYHRlKfWf2AvBfJi5eVOrKAkbxvMFsy/iIHTGIiApNcEecCaVIdR+mIQhyCBsTDJxBz4JWXHMo6krbhR9hVg==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0"
    },
-    "node_modules/@csstools/css-calc": {
-      "version": "3.4.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-calc/-/css-calc-3.4.3.tgz",
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-      "funding": [
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-          "type": "github",
-          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "opencollective",
-          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
-        }
-      ],
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=20.19.0"
-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "@csstools/css-parser-algorithms": "^4.0.2",
-        "@csstools/css-tokenizer": "^4.0.2"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@csstools/css-color-parser": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-color-parser/-/css-color-parser-4.2.6.tgz",
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-      },
-      "engines": {
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-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
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-      "license": "MIT",
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-      },
-      "peerDependencies": {
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-    },
-    "node_modules/@csstools/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree": {
-      "version": "1.1.15",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree/-/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree-1.1.15.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-J0u7HkVl2nzSlhsiTOp4AmwcUQ3D+mGEEKfBy/7To5/y7F2OHwyLrXfrhR0SMgr4p5Lo+eaMVSeai24zUcBIxA==",
-      "funding": [
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-        },
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-      "license": "MIT-0",
-      "peerDependencies": {
-        "css-tree": "^3.2.1"
-      },
-      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
-        "css-tree": {
-          "optional": true
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/@csstools/css-tokenizer": {
-      "version": "4.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@csstools/css-tokenizer/-/css-tokenizer-4.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-OoKoR0f76dCY666JlcbhmVTs2drYj1GUXZTYTcbUgJjh9Nv41aFfZ21bPQTERm5+L5cBDo466NltB2lplS5GBw==",
-      "funding": [
-        {
-          "type": "github",
-          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/csstools"
-        },
-        {
-          "type": "opencollective",
-          "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
-        }
-      ],
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=20.19.0"
-      }
+    "node_modules/@chevrotain/utils": {
+      "version": "13.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@chevrotain/utils/-/utils-13.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-SzKYY68rseOrb9KILVzPsl6SjkQtdWw01SRGB5aCVI5kFcHltQsOYV3JB0Ffst72DgkvHCyDQ0NLwxtmCCf97Q==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0"
    },
    "node_modules/@exodus/bytes": {
      "version": "1.16.0",
@@ -247,12 +101,15 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@mermaid-js/parser": {
-      "version": "1.2.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mermaid-js/parser/-/parser-1.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-n12NohV3mrUyUL2o93IgG/ifeW9FTyeJn3zDxkhwa8MJ9Fxg3HQMlA3RiGmD/3UnJvheztkjjQAjA2T4LmUcpw==",
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mermaid-js/parser/-/parser-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-j37dj/h6p6pots1L7pLPPNuABEEu9WP4OYg9pW1g+nYG331j0+3canE9OagtYdytYvdSAMG+2fKU5cxep6LgjA==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "@chevrotain/types": "~11.1.2"
+        "@chevrotain/types": "~13.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=22.12.0"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@types/d3": {
@@ -531,13 +388,45 @@
        "d3-transition": "^3.0.1"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/bidi-js": {
-      "version": "1.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bidi-js/-/bidi-js-1.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fX1Onk0tdVPC7obPWB5EbJ1z7NVhLq4m2xZLq2YXBkxzMXIGRpNMU88n0EPgWseKl12J7zXs7qrDxPK4sRs2fg==",
+    "node_modules/bcp-47": {
+      "version": "2.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bcp-47/-/bcp-47-2.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wsv86UuNFuPnVieKLyECTT+CP1WSAHeoIg5P3xu2kA9Z+7fVPoKt7dxzSeEhtJel0AI+NW3fIW3KtTKQKUCngg==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "require-from-string": "^2.0.2"
+        "is-alphabetical": "^2.0.0",
+        "is-alphanumerical": "^2.0.0",
+        "is-decimal": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/bcp-47-match": {
+      "version": "2.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/bcp-47-match/-/bcp-47-match-2.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JtTezzbAibu8G0R9op9zb3vcWZd9JF6M0xOYGPn0fNCd7wOpRB1mU2mH9T8gaBGbAAyIIVgB2G7xG0GP98zMAQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/chevrotain": {
+      "version": "13.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/chevrotain/-/chevrotain-13.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GTouk5YzgBxlTPCaDn5q0q2EJKkrYmnPF+HmF8v0Qo4r3iyPG7HJivkN1wthCXZcm3sIcZFpGTRovLPNdJNRCA==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@chevrotain/cst-dts-gen": "13.2.0",
+        "@chevrotain/gast": "13.2.0",
+        "@chevrotain/regexp-to-ast": "13.2.0",
+        "@chevrotain/types": "13.2.0",
+        "@chevrotain/utils": "13.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=22.0.0"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/commander": {
@@ -558,19 +447,6 @@
        "layout-base": "^1.0.0"
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/css-tree/-/css-tree-3.2.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-X7sjQzceUhu1u7Y/ylrRZFU2FS6LRiFVp6rKLPg23y3x3c3DOKAwuXGDp+PAGjh6CSnCjYeAul8pcT8bAl+lSA==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
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-        "source-map-js": "^1.2.1"
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-      "engines": {
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    "node_modules/cytoscape": {
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      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cytoscape/-/cytoscape-3.34.3.tgz",
@@ -1113,10 +989,16 @@
        "@types/trusted-types": "^2.0.7"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/elkjs": {
+      "version": "0.12.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/elkjs/-/elkjs-0.12.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IhMYKHE4S2vtx0QrhBP3lYOIKDeIiJXBrdq9MGYkuB8ZHqhrBnHNfSUndjXFewrX1CPK8chwq+2NA0K0hliYuw==",
+      "license": "EPL-2.0 OR GPL-3.0-or-later"
+    },
    "node_modules/entities": {
-      "version": "8.1.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/entities/-/entities-8.1.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-kxL7msIffSuh9aaFAMD7rxAIuTRMAHMeBtgHW2yUdWw732ZNh4MehkF2gdjvtdmikkaIP9bFDDJOPlsvm7avrA==",
+      "version": "9.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/entities/-/entities-9.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oJFNDJg3kTPwAD1cNn2+WmUq4wFoo09npc3Ydf1D7ED4smRiWrsKnaLxykrTWgyGEcusc87P5dxlAleol9kpkg==",
      "license": "BSD-2-Clause",
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@@ -1137,15 +1019,6 @@
        "tests/browser-compat"
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@@ -1195,6 +1068,40 @@
        "node": ">=12"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/is-alphabetical": {
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-alphabetical/-/is-alphabetical-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-FWyyY60MeTNyeSRpkM2Iry0G9hpr7/9kD40mD/cGQEuilcZYS4okz8SN2Q6rLCJ8gbCt6fN+rC+6tMGS99LaxQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/is-alphanumerical": {
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-alphanumerical/-/is-alphanumerical-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hmbYhX/9MUMF5uh7tOXyK/n0ZvWpad5caBA17GsC6vyuCqaWliRG5K1qS9inmUhEMaOBIW7/whAnSwveW/LtZw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-alphabetical": "^2.0.0",
+        "is-decimal": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/is-decimal": {
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-decimal/-/is-decimal-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-AAB9hiomQs5DXWcRB1rqsxGUstbRroFOPPVAomNk/3XHR5JyEZChOyTWe2oayKnsSsr/kcGqF+z6yuH6HHpN0A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "funding": {
+        "type": "github",
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/wooorm"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/is-potential-custom-element-name": {
      "version": "1.0.1",
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@@ -1202,67 +1109,65 @@
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/jsdom/-/jsdom-31.0.0.tgz",
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      "dependencies": {
-        "@asamuzakjp/css-color": "^7.1.3",
-        "@asamuzakjp/dom-selector": "^10.0.3",
-        "@bramus/specificity": "^2.4.2",
-        "@csstools/css-syntax-patches-for-csstree": "^1.1.15",
        "@exodus/bytes": "^1.16.0",
-        "css-tree": "^3.2.1",
+        "bcp-47": "^2.1.2",
+        "bcp-47-match": "^2.0.3",
        "data-urls": "^8.0.0",
        "decimal.js": "^10.6.0",
        "html-encoding-sniffer": "^7.0.0",
        "is-potential-custom-element-name": "^1.0.1",
        "lru-cache": "^11.5.3",
-        "parse5": "^8.0.1",
+        "parse5": "^8.1.0",
+        "parse5-parser-stream": "^8.1.0",
        "saxes": "^6.0.0",
        "tough-cookie": "^6.0.2",
-        "undici": "^8.12.1",
+        "undici": "^8.12.3",
        "w3c-xmlserializer": "^6.0.0",
        "webidl-conversions": "^8.0.1",
        "whatwg-mimetype": "^5.0.0",
-        "whatwg-url": "^17.2.0",
+        "whatwg-url": "^17.3.0",
        "xml-name-validator": "^5.0.0"
      },
      "engines": {
        "node": "^22.22.2 || ^24.15.0 || >=26.0.0"
      },
      "peerDependencies": {
-        "canvas": "^3.2.3"
+        "@napi-rs/canvas": "^1.0.13"
      },
      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
-        "canvas": {
+        "@napi-rs/canvas": {
          "optional": true
        }
      }
    },
    "node_modules/katex": {
-      "version": "0.16.47",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/katex/-/katex-0.16.47.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Eeo8Ys1doU1z+x8AZsPpQu+p/QcZBI5PeOo7QGQdy2x2m0MU/hYagBbGOmXwr5KVbEfVuWv9LpnQWeehogurjg==",
+      "version": "0.18.10",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/katex/-/katex-0.18.10.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/B6p9eY9DX7aHBfpkHdpirDTZ5QH9xTwL9y837PWuzuv41O5jFdqNQwVQEQsimY0/iVNkwBY4+4hMfhQ7d4Dbw==",
      "funding": [
        "https://opencollective.com/katex",
        "https://github.com/sponsors/katex"
      ],
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "commander": "^8.3.0"
+        "commander": "^15.0.0"
      },
      "bin": {
        "katex": "cli.js"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/katex/node_modules/commander": {
-      "version": "8.3.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/-/commander-8.3.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-OkTL9umf+He2DZkUq8f8J9of7yL6RJKI24dVITBmNfZBmri9zYZQrKkuXiKhyfPSu8tUhnVBB1iKXevvnlR4Ww==",
+      "version": "15.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/commander/-/commander-15.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cgnQ88TRrWcC7pVq46RzJVRMktu3W2RcbnoidnfBsl1bmDCBwJS/udcIZpKoCrbAYYaCqsz1yZCVIgbIaU3ddQ==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 12"
+        "node": ">=22.12.0"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/khroma": {
@@ -1303,23 +1208,18 @@
        "node": ">= 20"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/mdn-data": {
-      "version": "2.27.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mdn-data/-/mdn-data-2.27.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9Yubnt3e8A0OKwxYSXyhLymGW4sCufcLG6VdiDdUGVkPhpqLxlvP5vl1983gQjJl3tqbrM731mjaZaP68AgosQ==",
-      "license": "CC0-1.0"
-    },
    "node_modules/mermaid": {
-      "version": "11.17.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mermaid/-/mermaid-11.17.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-V6K3C8EBdEsPFZXSKMJe6ppQOENxuHARr9GvHX4hh47lAbhMRD9qf4oEK7LoaRQxULMa80/qt5gHO73aCleBBg==",
+      "version": "12.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mermaid/-/mermaid-12.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4113TdXeLAsMruJ79OpFL5O8+LTFXhQqZ260rF3tgUmiNAtRm4Uume04I+65PRN6yZ69J4f8rVYWW8zRk65UYw==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "@braintree/sanitize-url": "^7.1.2",
        "@iconify/utils": "^3.0.2",
-        "@mermaid-js/parser": "^1.2.1",
+        "@mermaid-js/parser": "^2.0.1",
        "@types/d3": "^7.4.3",
        "@upsetjs/venn.js": "^2.0.0",
+        "chevrotain": "~13.2.0",
        "cytoscape": "^3.34.0",
        "cytoscape-cose-bilkent": "^4.1.0",
        "cytoscape-fcose": "^2.2.0",
@@ -1327,16 +1227,18 @@
        "d3-sankey": "^0.12.3",
        "dagre-d3-es": "7.0.14",
        "dayjs": "^1.11.21",
-        "dompurify": "^3.3.3",
+        "dompurify": "^3.4.17",
+        "elkjs": "^0.12.0",
        "es-toolkit": "^1.45.1",
-        "fastdom": "1.0.12",
-        "katex": "^0.16.47",
+        "katex": "^0.18.0",
        "khroma": "^2.1.0",
        "marked": "^16.3.0",
        "roughjs": "^4.6.6",
        "stylis": "^4.3.6",
-        "ts-dedent": "^2.2.0",
-        "uuid": "^11.1.0 || ^12 || ^13 || ^14.0.0"
+        "ts-dedent": "^2.2.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=22.12.0"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/package-manager-detector": {
@@ -1346,12 +1248,24 @@
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/parse5": {
-      "version": "8.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parse5/-/parse5-8.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-z1e/HMG90obSGeidlli3hj7cbocou0/wa5HacvI3ASx34PecNjNQeaHNo5WIZpWofN9kgkqV1q5YvXe3F0FoPw==",
+      "version": "8.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parse5/-/parse5-8.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-sq3qBFpee5jeocbFbO48VHlGr8sT7mbXS0vxlKN6sottBtJzrOG3998sr0llSZcQAGgfpdmEYAIZE0P9z0dE8w==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "entities": "^8.0.0"
+        "entities": "^9.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/inikulin/parse5?sponsor=1"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/parse5-parser-stream": {
+      "version": "8.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/parse5-parser-stream/-/parse5-parser-stream-8.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-58MPfNTA+DsIzro41rU94xghnu/h2N4yEPdPdGPlZVHM/QvA5jlVGYVo7IzlHbFLHYx3cZUnr9s9HBrA0tEYyw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "parse5": "^8.0.0"
      },
      "funding": {
        "url": "https://github.com/inikulin/parse5?sponsor=1"
@@ -1388,15 +1302,6 @@
        "node": ">=6"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/require-from-string": {
-      "version": "2.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/require-from-string/-/require-from-string-2.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Xf0nWe6RseziFMu+Ap9biiUbmplq6S9/p+7w7YXP/JBHhrUDDUhwa+vANyubuqfZWTveU//DYVGsDG7RKL/vEw==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.10.0"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/robust-predicates": {
      "version": "3.0.3",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/robust-predicates/-/robust-predicates-3.0.3.tgz",
@@ -1439,21 +1344,6 @@
        "node": ">=v12.22.7"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/source-map-js": {
-      "version": "1.2.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/source-map-js/-/source-map-js-1.2.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-KGj/8Y43x35aZVDtt+J4mK1hoLGHULMYfSkODJNQjNDC3oW1PqPoxMwo0pLUsWM/UEGzON/NxeHywEfNXNP3Vw==",
-      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">=0.10.0"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/strictdom": {
-      "version": "1.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strictdom/-/strictdom-1.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-cEmp9QeXXRmjj/rVp9oyiqcvyocWab/HaoN4+bwFeZ7QzykJD6L3yD4v12K1x0tHpqRqVpJevN3gW7kyM39Bqg==",
-      "license": "MIT"
-    },
    "node_modules/stylis": {
      "version": "4.4.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/stylis/-/stylis-4.4.0.tgz",
@@ -1521,27 +1411,14 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/undici": {
-      "version": "8.12.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-8.12.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XtuDWVdqTLr3NAxm2ly9/hU6kUsJOgGh1RASzMBbsw6aWCOaQzHdW+QQDfdERjfJ2V5vL5pRPa4RetO9UfivDg==",
+      "version": "8.12.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/undici/-/undici-8.12.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8Mx+uNKKER2bA4AdtedkqRbwUCIJFr2nJckXRe5yrDqzePqwLP7VNcctN8/XdmDSbF7mS+jJKIszlL+vbam1VA==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=22.19.0"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/uuid": {
-      "version": "14.0.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-14.0.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-xZe/16rV4aa+HGSOCiY2YeLT1OybRLrrkL/Rqaq7p7GMVXjFh+6wN4oMYgjFmnSnhY8t6Xpdl2l9qmnHYuMHwQ==",
-      "funding": [
-        "https://github.com/sponsors/broofa",
-        "https://github.com/sponsors/ctavan"
-      ],
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "bin": {
-        "uuid": "dist-node/bin/uuid"
-      }
-    },
    "node_modules/w3c-xmlserializer": {
      "version": "6.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/w3c-xmlserializer/-/w3c-xmlserializer-6.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1573,9 +1450,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/whatwg-url": {
-      "version": "17.2.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-17.2.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-IhLIHNcBrzIixC5XXsbr4DxdjajyA5vQ5RwGZMtrUp+GbtE5Nrsge9QKau7jXrC0aTXLYGV0xiW7Tb4YS2aomw==",
+      "version": "17.3.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-url/-/whatwg-url-17.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-KwOAJrpf+GTgBvcBQJcP38sMF0DsQKdwtG+TxM2pW44P6E5k0hDbWrDmyuJDIF0Uef0aQq0ZoJs+5oI+k8ddhg==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
        "@exodus/bytes": "^1.16.0",
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  "description": "Validate the Mermaid diagrams of the documentation (see check_mermaid.mjs)",
  "type": "module",
  "dependencies": {
-    "jsdom": "30.1.3",
-    "mermaid": "11.17.2"
+    "jsdom": "31.0.0",
+    "mermaid": "12.3.0"
  }
 }
@@ -785,6 +785,37 @@ void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::unordered_map<Key, Value, Hash, KeyE
    from_json_pair_array_to_map(j, m);
 }

+#if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t)
+// a std::u8string is read from a JSON string; the array of code units written by
+// versions before 3.13.0 is still accepted
+template<typename BasicJsonType, typename Tr, typename Allocator,
+         enable_if_t<std::is_same<typename json_type_of_t<BasicJsonType>::string_t::value_type, char>::value, int> = 0>
+inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, std::basic_string<char8_t, Tr, Allocator>& s)
+{
+    if (j.is_string())
+    {
+        const auto& str = string_value(j);
+        const char* const data = str.data();
+        const std::size_t size = str.size();
+        std::basic_string<char8_t, Tr, Allocator> ret(s.get_allocator());
+        ret.resize(size);
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+        {
+            ret[i] = static_cast<char8_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(data[i]));
+        }
+        s = std::move(ret);
+    }
+    else if (j.is_array())
+    {
+        from_json_array_impl(j, s, priority_tag<3> {});
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw_type_must_be("string or array", j);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 #if JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM || JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM

 // Workaround for MSVC 19.51 (and possibly later): in large cpp files, the compiler may fail to resolve with generic has_from_json (issue #4996)
@@ -625,16 +625,20 @@ inline void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const T& t)
    to_json_tuple_impl(j, t, make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value> {});
 }

-#if JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM || JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
+// a std::u8string is a JSON string (it was an array of code units before 3.13.0);
+// defined outside the std::filesystem guard so that the result does not depend
+// on whether std::filesystem::path is supported
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t)
 template<typename BasicJsonType, typename Tr, typename Allocator>
 inline void to_json(BasicJsonType& j, const std::basic_string<char8_t, Tr, Allocator>& s)
 {
-    using OtherAllocator = typename std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::template rebind_alloc<char>;
-    j = std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, OtherAllocator>(s.begin(), s.end(), s.get_allocator());
+    using string_t = typename BasicJsonType::string_t;
+    // char may alias any object; the code units are copied unchanged
+    j = string_t(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s.data()), s.size());
 }
 #endif

+#if JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM || JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
 // Workaround for MSVC 19.51 (and possibly later): in large cpp files, the compiler may fail to resolve with generic has_to_json (issue #4996)
 template<typename BasicJsonType>
 struct has_to_json<BasicJsonType, std_fs::path, void> : std::true_type {};
@@ -177,6 +177,17 @@ class binary_reader
                JSON_ASSERT(false); // NOLINT(cert-dcl03-c,hicpp-static-assert,misc-static-assert) LCOV_EXCL_LINE
        }

+        // BON8: a string ends at the first byte that cannot continue it. If
+        // that byte follows the value, the reader has already taken it from
+        // the input and holds it in bon8_pushback. Without the end-of-input
+        // check below it would be dropped, and the next read would start
+        // behind it, so report the missing 0xFF instead.
+        if (result && !strict && input_format == input_format_t::bon8 && bon8_pushback_size != 0)
+        {
+            get_bon8();
+            return last_byte_error(exception_id::unexpected_end_of_input, "string at the end of the value is not terminated by 0xFF", "value", "");
+        }
+
        // strict mode: next byte must be EOF
        if (result && strict)
        {
@@ -1312,15 +1312,23 @@ struct can_compare_ne_either_order : std::integral_constant < bool,
    can_compare_ne_impl<IteratorType, SentinelType>::value ||
    can_compare_ne_reversed<IteratorType, SentinelType>::value > {};

-// std::nullptr_t is excluded explicitly: a literal `nullptr` passed as a
-// trailing default argument (e.g. parse(s, nullptr, ...)) must never be
-// mistaken for a sentinel, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 4.8) unreliably
-// SFINAE the `operator!=` detection above for std::nullptr_t against
-// container/string types, which would otherwise make such calls ambiguous
-// with the compatible-input overload.
+// Two kinds of SentinelType are excluded explicitly:
+//
+// - std::nullptr_t: a literal `nullptr` passed as a trailing default argument
+//   (e.g. parse(s, nullptr, ...)) must never be mistaken for a sentinel, and
+//   some compilers (e.g. GCC 4.8) unreliably SFINAE the `operator!=` detection
+//   above for std::nullptr_t against container/string types, which would
+//   otherwise make such calls ambiguous with the compatible-input overload.
+// - function pointers and functions: a parser callback passed as plain function
+//   (e.g. parse(s, cb)) is never a sentinel. The callback's parameter types
+//   make basic_json an associated class, so ADL finds the friend
+//   operator!=(const_reference, ScalarType) of basic_json, which makes
+//   `s != cb` well-formed (both convert to basic_json) and would select the
+//   iterator/sentinel overload.
 template<typename IteratorType, typename SentinelType>
 struct can_compare_ne : std::integral_constant < bool,
    !std::is_same<SentinelType, std::nullptr_t>::value &&
+    !std::is_function<typename std::remove_pointer<SentinelType>::type>::value &&
    can_compare_ne_either_order<IteratorType, SentinelType>::value > {};

 template<typename T>
@@ -1348,6 +1356,64 @@ struct iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType, SentinelType, enable_if_t<is
    }
 };

+/*!
+@brief whether @a IteratorType is an iterator of std::string or of a
+       std::vector of 1-byte elements
+
+Their elements are contiguous, but before C++20 that cannot be detected from
+the iterator type (std::contiguous_iterator), so an iterator pair of them would
+be read one character at a time through the iterators. They are read as the
+pointer range they are instead, as the containers themselves are (see the
+container overload of input_adapter()). The types are matched exactly, so no
+other iterator can be mistaken for one. (std::basic_string is only matched for
+char: other character types need std::char_traits specializations that the
+standard library need not have.)
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct is_byte_char_type
+{
+    // a member, not an integral_constant argument, which astyle misformats
+    static constexpr bool value = sizeof(CharType) == 1 && std::is_integral<CharType>::value && !std::is_same<CharType, bool>::value;
+};
+
+template<typename IteratorType, typename CharType, bool IsByte = is_byte_char_type<CharType>::value>
+struct is_std_contiguous_byte_iterator_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+// (the containers are only named for byte types)
+template<typename IteratorType, typename CharType>
+struct is_std_contiguous_byte_iterator_impl<IteratorType, CharType, true>
+{
+    static constexpr bool value = !std::is_pointer<IteratorType>::value
+                                  && (std::is_same<IteratorType, typename std::vector<CharType>::iterator>::value
+                                      || std::is_same<IteratorType, typename std::vector<CharType>::const_iterator>::value
+                                      || std::is_same<IteratorType, std::string::iterator>::value
+                                      || std::is_same<IteratorType, std::string::const_iterator>::value);
+};
+
+template<typename IteratorType>
+struct is_std_contiguous_byte_iterator
+    : is_std_contiguous_byte_iterator_impl<IteratorType, typename std::remove_cv<typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type>::type> {};
+
+template<typename IteratorType>
+struct iterator_input_adapter_factory<IteratorType, IteratorType, enable_if_t<is_std_contiguous_byte_iterator<IteratorType>::value>>
+{
+    using iterator_type = IteratorType;
+    using sentinel_type = IteratorType;
+    using char_type = typename std::remove_cv<typename std::iterator_traits<iterator_type>::value_type>::type;
+    using adapter_type = iterator_input_adapter<const char_type*>;
+
+    static adapter_type create(IteratorType first, IteratorType last)
+    {
+        if (first == last)
+        {
+            // (an empty range must not be dereferenced)
+            return adapter_type(nullptr, nullptr);
+        }
+        const char_type* const begin = std::addressof(*first);
+        return adapter_type(begin, begin + (last - first));
+    }
+};
+
 // General purpose iterator-based input (iterator+sentinel pair; SentinelType
 // defaults to IteratorType for the common same-type case, but may differ for
 // C++20 ranges-style iterator+sentinel pairs). Only enable for types that can
@@ -316,6 +316,30 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE std::size_t accumulate_digits(const char* data, std::s
    return i;
 }

+/// the index of the first byte at or after @a i that is not a digit: the
+/// digits of accumulate_digits() without their value
+JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE std::size_t skip_digits(const char* data, std::size_t i, std::size_t avail) noexcept
+{
+    while (avail - i >= 8)
+    {
+        if (!is_eight_digits(read_eight_bytes(data + i)))
+        {
+            // a byte of the word is not a digit: no bounds checks before it
+            while (static_cast<unsigned char>(data[i] - '0') <= 9)
+            {
+                ++i;
+            }
+            return i;
+        }
+        i += 8;
+    }
+    while (i < avail && data[i] >= '0' && data[i] <= '9')
+    {
+        ++i;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
 /// whether [first, last) contains a digit other than '0'; a plain loop, as
 /// GCC calls std::any_of out of line even for the usual empty range
 JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE bool has_nonzero_digit(const char* first, const char* last) noexcept
@@ -92,8 +92,12 @@ namespace detail
 character, or not ASCII, 16 bytes per step

 Stops at such a byte, or where fewer than 16 bytes are left (the caller tells
-the two apart). A signed compare with 0x20 finds control characters and
-non-ASCII bytes at once.
+the two apart). One signed compare finds the quote, the control characters and
+the non-ASCII bytes at once: flipping bit 1 maps 0x00-0x1F onto itself and the
+quote (0x22) onto 0x20, keeps 0x80-0xFF negative, and maps every other byte to
+33 or more, so these are exactly the bytes with (int8_t)(c ^ 2) < 33 (see
+D. Lemire, "Detect control characters, quotes and backslashes efficiently
+using SWAR", 2025). The backslash needs its own compare.
 */
 JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE const unsigned char* vector_plain_run(const unsigned char* p, const unsigned char* e) noexcept
 {
@@ -101,8 +105,8 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE const unsigned char* vector_plain_run(const unsigned c
    {
 #if JSON_SCAN_NEON
        const uint8x16_t in = vld1q_u8(p);
-        const uint8x16_t special = vorrq_u8(vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8('"')), vceqq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8('\\'))),
-                                            vcltq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(in), vdupq_n_s8(0x20)));
+        const uint8x16_t special = vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8('\\')),
+                                            vcltq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(veorq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8(2))), vdupq_n_s8(33)));
        // one nibble per byte (the usual NEON replacement of x86's movemask, see
        // D. Kutenin, "Porting x86 vector bitmask optimizations to Arm NEON", 2022)
        const std::uint64_t bits = vget_lane_u64(vreinterpret_u64_u8(vshrn_n_u16(vreinterpretq_u16_u8(special), 4)), 0);
@@ -112,8 +116,8 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE const unsigned char* vector_plain_run(const unsigned c
        }
 #else
        const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128(static_cast<const __m128i*>(static_cast<const void*>(p))); // NOLINT(bugprone-casting-through-void)
-        const __m128i special = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(_mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8('"')), _mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8('\\'))),
-                                             _mm_cmplt_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8(0x20)));
+        const __m128i special = _mm_or_si128(_mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8('\\')),
+                                             _mm_cmplt_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(in, _mm_set1_epi8(2)), _mm_set1_epi8(33)));
        const auto bits = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(static_cast<unsigned>(_mm_movemask_epi8(special)));
        if (bits != 0)
        {
@@ -250,7 +254,8 @@ JSON_SCAN_SSSE3_TARGET JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE inline bool vector_utf8_run(cons
    while (e - block >= 16)
    {
        const uint8x16_t in = vld1q_u8(block);
-        const uint8x16_t special = vorrq_u8(vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8('"')), vceqq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8('\\'))), vcltq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8(0x20)));
+        // the quote and the control characters: (c ^ 2) < 33 (see vector_plain_run())
+        const uint8x16_t special = vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8('\\')), vcltq_u8(veorq_u8(in, vdupq_n_u8(2)), vdupq_n_u8(33)));
        const uint8x16_t prev1 = vextq_u8(prev, in, 15);
        const uint8x16_t sc = vandq_u8(vandq_u8(vqtbl1q_u8(t1h, vshrq_n_u8(prev1, 4)), vqtbl1q_u8(t1l, vandq_u8(prev1, vdupq_n_u8(0x0F)))), vqtbl1q_u8(t2h, vshrq_n_u8(in, 4)));
        const uint8x16_t must23 = vorrq_u8(vqsubq_u8(vextq_u8(prev, in, 14), vdupq_n_u8(0xE0 - 0x80)), vqsubq_u8(vextq_u8(prev, in, 13), vdupq_n_u8(0xF0 - 0x80)));
@@ -290,8 +295,10 @@ JSON_SCAN_SSSE3_TARGET JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE inline bool vector_utf8_run(cons
    while (e - block >= 16)
    {
        const __m128i in = _mm_loadu_si128(static_cast<const __m128i*>(static_cast<const void*>(block))); // NOLINT(bugprone-casting-through-void)
-        const __m128i special = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(_mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8('"')), _mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8('\\'))),
-                                             _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_subs_epu8(in, _mm_set1_epi8(0x1F)), zero)); // in < 0x20
+        // the quote and the control characters: (c ^ 2) < 33, that is,
+        // (c ^ 2) - 32 saturates to 0 (see vector_plain_run())
+        const __m128i special = _mm_or_si128(_mm_cmpeq_epi8(in, _mm_set1_epi8('\\')),
+                                             _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_subs_epu8(_mm_xor_si128(in, _mm_set1_epi8(2)), _mm_set1_epi8(32)), zero));
        const __m128i prev1 = _mm_alignr_epi8(in, prev, 15);
        const __m128i sc = _mm_and_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_shuffle_epi8(t1h, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(prev1, 4), nibble)),
                                         _mm_shuffle_epi8(t1l, _mm_and_si128(prev1, nibble))),