Document number conversion (#5208)

* 📝 document number conversion

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* 👷 fix CI

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cd build ; ctest -j 10 -C Debug --exclude-regex "test-unicode" --output-on-failure
 
   ci_module_cpp20:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
+    runs-on: windows-2022
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@df4cb1c069e1874edd31b4311f1884172cec0e10 # v6.0.3
       - name: Run CMake (Debug)

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get.md

@@ -90,10 +90,25 @@ Depends on what `json_serializer<ValueType>` `from_json()` method throws
 
 ## Notes
 
-!!! danger "Undefined behavior"
+!!! danger "Undefined behavior for pointers"
 
     Writing data to the pointee (overload 3) of the result yields an undefined state.
 
+!!! danger "Undefined behavior for numeric conversions"
+
+    Conversions between numeric types are performed by the corresponding
+    `from_json()` implementation using the target C++ type. When converting
+    between numeric types, the library does not check whether the source
+    value is representable by the target type.
+    
+    If the source value is outside the range of the target type, the behavior
+    is the same as the corresponding C++ conversion. In particular, converting
+    a floating-point value to an integer type that cannot represent the value
+    results in undefined behavior.
+
+    See [Number conversion](../../features/types/number_handling.md#number-conversion)
+    for more information.
+
 ## Examples
 
 ??? example

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/sax_parse.md

@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON va
 - Throws [`parse_error.102`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error102) if `to_unicode` fails or surrogate
   error.
 - Throws [`parse_error.103`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error103) if `to_unicode` fails.
-- Throws [`other_error.502`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionother_error502) if `sax` is a null pointer.
 
 ## Complexity
 
@@ -125,7 +124,6 @@ A UTF-8 byte order mark is silently ignored.
 - Added in version 3.2.0.
 - Ignoring comments via `ignore_comments` added in version 3.9.0.
 - Added `ignore_trailing_commas` in version 3.12.1.
-- Added `json.exception.other_error.502` exception in version 3.12.1.
 
 !!! warning "Deprecation"
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/types/number_handling.md

@@ -243,6 +243,19 @@ integers, and between integers and floating-point values to integers. This behav
     Note the last line with throw a [`json.exception.type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302)
     exception if `jd` is not a numerical type, for instance a string.
 
+    Numeric conversions are performed according to the corresponding C++ conversion rules. The library does not perform
+    range checks when converting between numeric types.
+    
+    In particular, conversions from floating-point values to integer types, or conversions to integer types with a
+    smaller range than the stored value, may produce implementation-defined or undefined behavior if the source value
+    cannot be represented by the target type.
+    
+    Applications requiring checked conversions should inspect the stored number type with
+    [`is_number_float()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_float.md),
+    [`is_number_integer()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_integer.md),
+    [`is_number_unsigned()`](../../api/basic_json/is_number_unsigned.md), or
+    [`type()`](../../api/basic_json/type.md), and perform explicit range checks before converting to a narrower type.
+
 The rationale is twofold:
 
 1. JSON does not define a number type or precision (see above).

docs/mkdocs/mkdocs.yml

@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ nav:
       - macros:
           - 'Overview': api/macros/index.md
           - 'JSON_ASSERT': api/macros/json_assert.md
+          - 'JSON_BRACE_INIT_COPY_SEMANTICS': api/macros/json_brace_init_copy_semantics.md
           - 'JSON_CATCH_USER, JSON_THROW_USER, JSON_TRY_USER': api/macros/json_throw_user.md
           - 'JSON_DIAGNOSTICS': api/macros/json_diagnostics.md
           - 'JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS': api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md

tests/src/unit-serialization.cpp

@@ -311,14 +311,16 @@ TEST_CASE("dump for basic_json with long double number_float_t")
     SECTION("round-trip dump/parse")
     {
         constexpr std::array<long double, 13> values =
-        {{
-            0.0L, -0.0L, 1.0L, -1.0L,
-            0.5L, -0.5L, 1.5L, -2.25L,
-            1.23e45L, 1.23e-45L,
-            (std::numeric_limits<long double>::min)(),
-            std::numeric_limits<long double>::lowest(),
-            (std::numeric_limits<long double>::max)()
-        }};
+        {
+            {
+                0.0L, -0.0L, 1.0L, -1.0L,
+                0.5L, -0.5L, 1.5L, -2.25L,
+                1.23e45L, 1.23e-45L,
+                (std::numeric_limits<long double>::min)(),
+                std::numeric_limits<long double>::lowest(),
+                (std::numeric_limits<long double>::max)()
+            }
+        };
 
         for (long double v : values)
         {