Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into claude/fix-issue-3989-db7e45

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -205,6 +205,9 @@ API of the 3.x.y version is broken. This includes:
 - Changing access specifiers.
 - Changing default arguments.
 
+What is and is not covered by this guarantee is described in the
+[roadmap](https://json.nlohmann.me/community/roadmap/#api-stability).
+
 Although these guidelines may seem restrictive, they are essential for maintaining the library’s utility.
 
 Breaking changes may be introduced when they are guarded with a feature macro such as

README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/nlohmann/json/badge.svg?branch=develop)](https://coveralls.io/github/nlohmann/json?branch=develop)
 [![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/5550/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/nlohmann-json)
 [![Codacy Badge](https://app.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/e0d1a9d5d6fd46fcb655c4cb930bb3e8)](https://app.codacy.com/gh/nlohmann/json/dashboard?utm_source=gh&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=&utm_campaign=Badge_grade)
-[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/json.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:json)
+[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/json.svg)](https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues?q=project:json)
 [![Try online](https://img.shields.io/badge/try-online-blue.svg)](https://wandbox.org/permlink/1mp10JbaANo6FUc7)
 [![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-mkdocs-blue.svg)](https://json.nlohmann.me)
 [![GitHub license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nlohmann/json/develop/LICENSE.MIT)

docs/mkdocs/docs/community/roadmap.md

@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ work items are tracked in the [GitHub milestones](https://github.com/nlohmann/js
 
 ## What the project will not do
 
-- **Break the public API of version 3.x.** See the
-  [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#break-the-public-api)
-  for what counts as a breaking change.
+- **Break the public API of version 3.x.** See [API stability](#api-stability) for what this covers.
 - **Require a newer C++ standard than C++11.**
 - **Break JSON conformance** or enable non-standard extensions by default.
 - **Add dependencies** or require a build step. The library remains header-only, and the single header
@@ -35,6 +33,32 @@ work items are tracked in the [GitHub milestones](https://github.com/nlohmann/js
 - **Trade simplicity for speed or memory efficiency.** Performance improvements are welcome, but the library is not
   meant to compete with the fastest JSON libraries, see [Design goals](../home/design_goals.md).
 
+## API stability
+
+Releases follow [semantic versioning](https://semver.org): a minor or patch release of version 3.x does not break code
+that uses the public API. In particular, a 3.x release does not:
+
+- change the signature of a function (its parameter types, return type, number of parameters, or the const-ness of a
+  member function);
+- remove or rename a function or class;
+- change which exceptions a function throws, or the [exception ids](../home/exceptions.md);
+- change access specifiers or default arguments.
+
+Exceptions to these rules, for instance when fixing a bug requires changing the exception a function throws, are
+documented in the [release notes](../home/releases.md).
+
+The following are **not** part of the public API and may change in any release, including patch releases:
+
+- The text of exception messages returned by `what()`. Use the [exception id](../home/exceptions.md) to tell errors
+  apart.
+- The ABI, including `sizeof(basic_json)` and the memory layout of its values. Recompile your code when you upgrade the
+  library. The [versioned inline namespace](../features/namespace.md) turns mixing versions into a link error.
+- Everything in namespace `nlohmann::detail`, and macros and type traits that are not documented in the
+  [API reference](../api/basic_json/index.md).
+
+Changes that would break the public API are only added behind a macro whose default keeps the 3.x behavior, see
+[Version 4.0](#version-40).
+
 ## Version 4.0
 
 There is no release date for version 4.0 yet. Proposals that need a major version, for instance stricter type

tests/fuzzing.md

@@ -3,6 +3,14 @@
 Each parser of the library (JSON, BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, and UBJSON) can be fuzz tested. Currently,
 [libFuzzer](https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html) and [afl++](https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus) are supported.
 
+## What the fuzzers check
+
+Each fuzzer driver (`tests/src/fuzzer-parse_*.cpp`) parses its input twice: once with `allow_exceptions = false` and
+once with exceptions. Both calls must agree. Where parsing with exceptions fails, the call without exceptions must
+return a discarded value (or throw the same kind of non-parse error), and it must never throw a `parse_error`. Where
+parsing succeeds, both calls must return the same value. The drivers then serialize the value, parse the result back,
+and check that nothing was lost. The drivers check all of this with `assert`, so they refuse to build with `NDEBUG`.
+
 ## Corpus creation
 
 For most effective fuzzing, a [corpus](https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#corpus) should be provided. A corpus is a
@@ -54,6 +62,9 @@ Then pass the corpus directory as command-line argument (assuming it is located
 The fuzzer should be able to run indefinitely without crashing. In case of a crash, the tested input is dumped into
 a file starting with `crash-`.
 
+To also detect memory leaks, build with AddressSanitizer (`FUZZER_ENGINE="-fsanitize=fuzzer,address"`): libFuzzer then
+runs LeakSanitizer by default (`-detect_leaks=1`). LeakSanitizer is not available with Apple Clang on macOS.
+
 ## afl++
 
 To use afl++, you need to pass `-fsanitize=fuzzer` as `FUZZER_ENGINE`. It will be replaced by a `libAFLDriver.a` to
@@ -76,7 +87,9 @@ directory `out`.
 
 The library is further fuzz-tested 24/7 by Google's [OSS-Fuzz project](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz). It uses
 the same `fuzzers` target as above and also relies on the `FUZZER_ENGINE` variable. See the used
-[build script](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/blob/master/projects/json/build.sh) for more information.
+[build script](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/blob/master/projects/json/build.sh) for more information. Its default
+`address` sanitizer includes LeakSanitizer, so OSS-Fuzz and the CIFuzz workflow (`.github/workflows/cifuzz.yml`) report
+memory leaks, too.
 
 In case the build at OSS-Fuzz fails, an issue will be created automatically.
 

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bjdata.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = from_bjdata(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = from_bjdata(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - vec2 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = false, use_type = false)
 - vec3 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = true, use_type = false)
 - vec4 = to_bjdata(j1, use_size = true, use_type = true)
@@ -65,6 +67,13 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 // value-stable comparison for the round-trip checks below; see the note
 // above on why this compares dump()s rather than the json values directly
 static bool is_value_stable(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
@@ -75,14 +84,42 @@ static bool is_value_stable(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     const bool recovered_without_errors = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::bjdata).errors == 0;
 
+    std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
+
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::from_bjdata(vec1, true, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
-        std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_bjdata(vec1);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
+
+        // the recovering parser must not have reported an error either
         assert(recovered_without_errors);
 
         try
@@ -117,16 +154,19 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
     catch (const json::type_error&)
     {
         // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bon8.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = from_bon8(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = from_bon8(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - vec = to_bon8(j1)
 - j2 = from_bon8(vec)
 - assert(to_bon8(j2) == vec)
@@ -40,6 +42,13 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 namespace
 {
 // the serialization of the value read from @a input, or the error message
@@ -61,7 +70,7 @@ std::string read_bon8(InputType&& input)
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     const bool recovered_without_errors = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::bon8).errors == 0;
 
     // contiguous and stream input must be read alike
@@ -70,11 +79,39 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
         assert(read_bon8(std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + size)) == read_bon8(stream));
     }
 
+    std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
+
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::from_bon8(vec1, true, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
-        std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_bon8(vec1);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
+
+        // the recovering parser must not have reported an error either
         assert(recovered_without_errors);
 
         try
@@ -97,16 +134,19 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
     catch (const json::type_error&)
     {
         // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bson.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = from_bson(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = from_bson(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - vec = to_bson(j1)
 - j2 = from_bson(vec)
 - assert(to_bson(j2) == vec)
@@ -35,17 +37,52 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     const bool recovered_without_errors = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::bson).errors == 0;
 
+    std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
+
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::from_bson(vec1, true, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
-        std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_bson(vec1);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
+
+        // the recovering parser must not have reported an error either
         assert(recovered_without_errors);
 
         try
@@ -68,16 +105,19 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
     catch (const json::type_error&)
     {
         // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors can occur during parsing, too
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_cbor.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = from_cbor(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = from_cbor(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - vec = to_cbor(j1)
 - j2 = from_cbor(vec)
 - assert(to_cbor(j2) == vec)
@@ -35,17 +37,52 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     const bool recovered_without_errors = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::cbor).errors == 0;
 
+    std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
+
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::from_cbor(vec1, true, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
-        std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_cbor(vec1);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
+
+        // the recovering parser must not have reported an error either
         assert(recovered_without_errors);
 
         try
@@ -68,16 +105,19 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
     catch (const json::type_error&)
     {
         // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors can occur during parsing, too
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_json.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = parse(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = parse(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - s1 = serialize(j1)
 - j2 = parse(s1)
 - s2 = serialize(j2)
@@ -36,20 +38,52 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     {
         const auto checker = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::json);
         assert(checker.events <= (4 * size) + 4);
         assert((checker.errors == 0) == json::accept(data, data + size));
     }
 
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::parse(data, data + size, nullptr, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
         json const j1 = json::parse(data, data + size);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
 
         try
         {
@@ -76,10 +110,12 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_msgpack.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = from_msgpack(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = from_msgpack(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - vec = to_msgpack(j1)
 - j2 = from_msgpack(vec)
 - assert(to_msgpack(j2) == vec)
@@ -35,17 +37,52 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     const bool recovered_without_errors = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::msgpack).errors == 0;
 
+    std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
+
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::from_msgpack(vec1, true, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
-        std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_msgpack(vec1);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
+
+        // the recovering parser must not have reported an error either
         assert(recovered_without_errors);
 
         try
@@ -68,16 +105,19 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
     catch (const json::type_error&)
     {
         // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 This file implements a parser test suitable for fuzz testing. Given a byte
 array data, it performs the following steps:
 
+- j0 = from_ubjson(data, allow_exceptions = false)
 - j1 = from_ubjson(data)
+- assert(j0 is discarded if parsing j1 fails, and j0 == j1 otherwise)
 - vec2 = to_ubjson(j1, use_size = false, use_type = false)
 - vec3 = to_ubjson(j1, use_size = true, use_type = false)
 - vec4 = to_ubjson(j1, use_size = true, use_type = true)
@@ -44,17 +46,52 @@ drivers.
 
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 
+// compares dumps rather than values, because NaN != NaN; keep writes strings
+// byte for byte, so ill-formed UTF-8 that a binary reader accepts cannot throw
+static bool same_value(const json& lhs, const json& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep) == rhs.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::keep);
+}
+
 // see http://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
 {
-    // step 0: recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
+    // recover from all errors, reading from memory and from a stream
     const bool recovered_without_errors = check_recovering_parse(data, size, json::input_format_t::ubjson).errors == 0;
 
+    std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
+
+    // step 0: parse input without exceptions; a parse error must then be
+    // reported as a discarded value, never thrown
+    json j_noexcept;
+    bool noexcept_threw = false;
+    try
+    {
+        j_noexcept = json::from_ubjson(vec1, true, false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::parse_error&)
+    {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    catch (const json::exception&)
+    {
+        // type and out-of-range errors are not parse errors and still throw
+        noexcept_threw = true;
+    }
+    // whether step 1 succeeded; if not, the catch blocks below check that
+    // step 0 failed, too
+    bool parsed = false;
+
     try
     {
         // step 1: parse input
-        std::vector<uint8_t> const vec1(data, data + size);
         json const j1 = json::from_ubjson(vec1);
+        parsed = true;
+
+        // without exceptions, the same input must give the same value
+        assert(!noexcept_threw && !j_noexcept.is_discarded() && same_value(j_noexcept, j1));
+
+        // the recovering parser must not have reported an error either
         assert(recovered_without_errors);
 
         try
@@ -87,16 +124,19 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
     catch (const json::parse_error&)
     {
         // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
     catch (const json::type_error&)
     {
         // type errors can occur during parsing, too
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
     }
     catch (const json::out_of_range&)
     {
         // out of range errors may happen if provided sizes are excessive
-        assert(!recovered_without_errors);
+        assert(parsed || noexcept_threw || j_noexcept.is_discarded());
+        assert(parsed || !recovered_without_errors);
     }
 
     // return 0 - non-zero return values are reserved for future use

tests/src/unit-bjdata.cpp

@@ -4603,3 +4603,49 @@ TEST_CASE("issue #5648 - from_bjdata(ptr, len) must read len bytes, not treat pt
     CHECK(json::from_bjdata(packed.data(), packed.size(), false) == j);
 #endif
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("BJData large strings and binaries (chunked reader)")
+{
+    // Strings share get_ubjson_string() -> get_string() -> get_bytes() with
+    // plain UBJSON. Binary values are different: only a Draft 3 optimized
+    // array (type marker 'B') is read back as a binary value, through
+    // get_binary() -> get_bytes() (see parse_ubjson_internal()'s "If BJData
+    // type marker is 'B'" branch); Draft 2 (the default) writes a binary
+    // value as a plain array of uint8_t numbers instead (see the "round trip
+    // of a binary value is value-stable, not byte-stable" test above), which
+    // never reaches get_bytes(). Both reads happen in bounded chunks
+    // (binary_reader.hpp, chunk_size == 4096); check lengths around and
+    // beyond that size, for both vector (iterator) and pointer inputs.
+    for (const std::size_t len :
+            {
+                std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{1}, std::size_t{4095}, std::size_t{4096},
+                std::size_t{4097}, std::size_t{8192}, std::size_t{100000}
+            })
+    {
+        CAPTURE(len)
+
+        // string
+        const json j_string = std::string(len, 'x');
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_string = json::to_bjdata(j_string);
+        CHECK(json::from_bjdata(v_string) == j_string);
+        // pointer input exercises the std::memcpy fast path
+        CHECK(json::from_bjdata(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()),
+                                reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()) + v_string.size()) == j_string);
+
+        // binary, forced into the Draft 3 optimized ('B' marker) encoding
+        const json j_binary = json::binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>(len, 0xCD));
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_binary = json::to_bjdata(j_binary, true, true, json::bjdata_version_t::draft3);
+        CHECK(json::from_bjdata(v_binary) == j_binary);
+        CHECK(json::from_bjdata(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_binary.data()),
+                                reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_binary.data()) + v_binary.size()) == j_binary);
+
+        // a truncated payload must still be reported as an error
+        if (len > 16)
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> truncated = v_string;
+            truncated.resize(truncated.size() - 8);
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bjdata(truncated), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/src/unit-bson.cpp

@@ -1993,3 +1993,47 @@ TEST_CASE("Invalid document size handling")
         CHECK(json::from_bson(v, true, false).is_discarded());
     }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("BSON large strings and binaries (chunked reader)")
+{
+    // get_bson_string()/get_bson_binary() both read through get_string()/
+    // get_binary(), which read in bounded chunks (binary_reader.hpp,
+    // chunk_size == 4096); make sure roundtripping is correct for lengths
+    // around and beyond that chunk size, for both vector (iterator) and
+    // pointer inputs. BSON only accepts an object at the top level, so the
+    // string/binary value is wrapped in one.
+    for (const std::size_t len :
+            {
+                std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{1}, std::size_t{4095}, std::size_t{4096},
+                std::size_t{4097}, std::size_t{8192}, std::size_t{100000}
+            })
+    {
+        CAPTURE(len)
+
+        // string
+        const json j_string = {{"k", std::string(len, 'x')}};
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_string = json::to_bson(j_string);
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(v_string) == j_string);
+        // pointer input exercises the std::memcpy fast path
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()),
+                              reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()) + v_string.size()) == j_string);
+
+        // binary (BSON binary values always carry a subtype, so give one
+        // explicitly; otherwise from_bson() would round-trip to subtype 0
+        // rather than back to the original "no subtype" value)
+        const json j_binary = {{"k", json::binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>(len, 0xCD), std::uint8_t{0})}};
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_binary = json::to_bson(j_binary);
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(v_binary) == j_binary);
+        CHECK(json::from_bson(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_binary.data()),
+                              reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_binary.data()) + v_binary.size()) == j_binary);
+
+        // a truncated payload must still be reported as an error
+        if (len > 16)
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> truncated = v_string;
+            truncated.resize(truncated.size() - 8);
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_bson(truncated), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/src/unit-msgpack.cpp

@@ -2482,3 +2482,43 @@ TEST_CASE("MessagePack numbers use the active union member (see #5644)")
         CHECK(json::from_msgpack(result) == j);
     }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("MessagePack large strings and binaries (chunked reader)")
+{
+    // get_msgpack_string()/get_msgpack_binary() both read through get_binary(),
+    // which reads in bounded chunks (binary_reader.hpp, chunk_size == 4096);
+    // make sure roundtripping is correct for lengths around and beyond that
+    // chunk size, for both vector (iterator) and pointer inputs.
+    for (const std::size_t len :
+            {
+                std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{1}, std::size_t{4095}, std::size_t{4096},
+                std::size_t{4097}, std::size_t{8192}, std::size_t{100000}
+            })
+    {
+        CAPTURE(len)
+
+        // string
+        const json j_string = std::string(len, 'x');
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_string = json::to_msgpack(j_string);
+        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(v_string) == j_string);
+        // pointer input exercises the std::memcpy fast path
+        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()) + v_string.size()) == j_string);
+
+        // binary
+        const json j_binary = json::binary(std::vector<std::uint8_t>(len, 0xCD));
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_binary = json::to_msgpack(j_binary);
+        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(v_binary) == j_binary);
+        CHECK(json::from_msgpack(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_binary.data()),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_binary.data()) + v_binary.size()) == j_binary);
+
+        // a truncated payload must still be reported as an error
+        if (len > 16)
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> truncated = v_string;
+            truncated.resize(truncated.size() - 8);
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_msgpack(truncated), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/src/unit-regression3.cpp

@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ TEST_CASE("regression tests 3")
     }
 #endif
 
-#if JSON_HAS_RANGES && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+#if JSON_HAS_RANGE_VIEW_CONVERSION
     SECTION("issue #4916 - constructing array from C++20 ranges view does not work")
     {
         std::vector<int> nums{1, 2, 37, 42, 21};
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ TEST_CASE("regression tests 3")
 #endif
 
     // owning_view is not available in libstdc++ < 12
-#if JSON_HAS_RANGES && !defined(__MINGW32__) && !(defined(__GLIBCXX__) && _GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 12)
+#if JSON_HAS_RANGE_VIEW_CONVERSION && !(defined(__GLIBCXX__) && _GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 12)
     SECTION("issue #4916 - constructing array from prvalue C++20 ranges view (owning_view)")
     {
         json const j(std::vector<int> {1, 2, 37, 42, 21} | std::views::filter([](int i)
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ TEST_CASE("regression tests 3")
     }
 #endif
 
-#if JSON_HAS_RANGES && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+#if JSON_HAS_RANGE_VIEW_CONVERSION
     SECTION("issue #4916 - constructing array from C++20 transform view (prvalue elements)")
     {
         std::vector<int> nums{1, 2, 3};

tests/src/unit-serialization.cpp

@@ -809,3 +809,178 @@ TEST_CASE("serializer buffers are flushed mid-string and mid-binary")
         CHECK(j.dump(2) == "{\n  \"bytes\": [" + expected_pretty_bytes + "],\n  \"subtype\": null\n}");
     }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("serialization boundary values for the write buffer")
+{
+    // write_buffer is a std::array<char, 1024> (write_buffer_size). put_string()
+    // guards it with two checks, and each must be exercised exactly on and one
+    // past its own boundary: a heap overflow in a different manual buffer path
+    // (the dump(1100) indent buffer) once survived 100% line coverage because
+    // every test that touched it only ever grew the buffer by a single step,
+    // never landing on the exact edge of the comparison that protects it.
+    //
+    // - straight-through: put_string() bypasses write_buffer entirely and
+    //   writes directly to the output adapter once `length >= write_buffer.size()`.
+    // - flush-then-copy: otherwise, if `write_buffer_pos + length > write_buffer.size()`,
+    //   put_string() flushes what is pending and then memcpy's the new run into
+    //   the freshly emptied buffer.
+
+    SECTION("top-level string exercises the straight-through guard (length >= 1024)")
+    {
+        // dump() of a bare string writes the opening quote with put_char()
+        // (write_buffer_pos: 0 -> 1), then the body with put_string(). With
+        // write_buffer_pos == 1, `1 + length > 1024` and `length >= 1024` flip
+        // together at length 1024, so 1023/1024/1025 cover "just under",
+        // "exactly at" and "just over" the guard in one move: 1023 is copied
+        // into the buffer (filling it exactly), 1024 and 1025 bypass it.
+        for (const std::size_t len :
+                {
+                    std::size_t{1023}, std::size_t{1024}, std::size_t{1025}
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(len)
+            const std::string body(len, 'a');
+            const json j = body;
+            const std::string expected = '"' + body + '"';
+
+            CHECK(j.dump() == expected);
+
+            std::ostringstream o;
+            o << j;
+            CHECK(o.str() == expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("string nested in an array exercises the flush-then-copy guard")
+    {
+        // json::array({body}) writes '[' then '"' before the body, so
+        // write_buffer_pos == 2 when put_string() is entered for it. The
+        // body's last byte then lands at logical offset 2 + len: len == 1022
+        // lands exactly on offset 1024 (2 + 1022 == write_buffer.size(), so the
+        // strict "> " guard does not fire and the body fits snugly), while
+        // len == 1023 lands one past it at offset 1025 (2 + 1023 > 1024),
+        // which must flush what's pending before copying the body in.
+        for (const std::size_t len :
+                {
+                    std::size_t{1022}, std::size_t{1023}
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(len)
+            const std::string body(len, 'a');
+            const json j = json::array({body});
+            const std::string expected = "[\"" + body + "\"]";
+
+            CHECK(j.dump() == expected);
+
+            std::ostringstream o;
+            o << j;
+            CHECK(o.str() == expected);
+
+            CHECK(json::parse(j.dump()) == j);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("serialization boundary values for the string buffer")
+{
+    // string_buffer is a std::array<char, 512>. dump_escaped_impl() flushes it
+    // mid-string once fewer than 13 bytes remain (`string_buffer.size() - bytes
+    // < 13`), 13 being one more than the most a single code point can ever
+    // write at once (a surrogate pair: two back-to-back "\uXXXX" escapes, 12
+    // bytes). Every write into string_buffer that this check protects happens
+    // in steps of 2 (a simple "\\x" escape) or 6 (one "\uXXXX" unit), so
+    // `bytes` only ever takes even values at the point the check runs - the
+    // tightest values actually reachable are therefore 498 (512 - 498 == 14,
+    // one simple escape away from the threshold) and 500 (512 - 500 == 12,
+    // where the flush fires immediately and resets bytes to 0).
+
+    SECTION("a run of 2-byte escapes lands bytes on, and one step past, the flush threshold")
+    {
+        for (const int count :
+                {
+                    249, 250, 251
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(count)
+            const json j = std::string(static_cast<std::size_t>(count), '\n');
+            std::string expected = "\"";
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+            {
+                expected += "\\n";
+            }
+            expected += '"';
+            CHECK(j.dump() == expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("an ASCII prefix leaves the tightest reachable margin before a 12-byte surrogate pair")
+    {
+        // U+1F600 (the "\xF0\x9F\x98\x80" UTF-8 bytes) is dumped under
+        // ensure_ascii as the 12-byte surrogate pair "\ud83d\ude00"; that
+        // write happens in a single step with no intermediate flush check, so
+        // it is the write most exposed by an off-by-one in the "< 13" guard.
+        // A prefix of 249 newlines leaves exactly 14 bytes of headroom
+        // (512 - 498), the smallest margin the guard ever actually allows
+        // into a new code point; 250 newlines instead trigger the guard's own
+        // flush first, so the emoji starts from a freshly emptied (512-byte)
+        // buffer, and 251 repeats that with one more escape already past the
+        // reset. Together they cover the margin the guard allows landing on,
+        // one step before, and one step after - all must still produce the
+        // identical, correct escapes.
+        for (const int prefix_count :
+                {
+                    249, 250, 251
+                })
+        {
+            CAPTURE(prefix_count)
+            const std::string prefix(static_cast<std::size_t>(prefix_count), '\n');
+            const std::string emoji = "\xF0\x9F\x98\x80";
+            const json j = prefix + emoji;
+
+            std::string expected_prefix;
+            for (int i = 0; i < prefix_count; ++i)
+            {
+                expected_prefix += "\\n";
+            }
+
+            // newline escaping does not depend on ensure_ascii: only the
+            // emoji differs (raw UTF-8 bytes vs. a \u-escaped surrogate pair)
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', false) == '"' + expected_prefix + emoji + '"');
+            CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', true) == '"' + expected_prefix + "\\ud83d\\ude00\"");
+            CHECK(json::parse(j.dump(-1, ' ', true)) == j);
+            CHECK(json::parse(j.dump(-1, ' ', false)) == j);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("SWAR bulk-copy stride: k plain bytes followed by a byte handled individually")
+    {
+        // string_bulk_run()/find_ascii_copyable_run() (string_scan.hpp) scan 8
+        // bytes at a time and fall back to a byte-at-a-time tail scan for
+        // what is left over. k from 0 to 17 spans zero, one and two full
+        // 8-byte strides plus a 1-byte tail, so every possible stopping point
+        // within and right after the SIMD stride is covered.
+        for (std::size_t k = 0; k <= 17; ++k)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(k)
+            const std::string prefix(k, 'a');
+
+            // (a) the run is stopped by a quote that must itself be escaped
+            {
+                const json j = prefix + "\"";
+                CHECK(j.dump() == '"' + prefix + "\\\"" + '"');
+            }
+
+            // (b) the run is stopped by a control character
+            {
+                const json j = prefix + "\x01";
+                CHECK(j.dump() == '"' + prefix + "\\u0001" + '"');
+            }
+
+            // (c) the run is stopped by a non-ASCII byte under ensure_ascii
+            {
+                const json j = prefix + "\xC3\xA9"; // prefix + 'é'
+                CHECK(j.dump(-1, ' ', true) == '"' + prefix + "\\u00e9" + '"');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

tests/src/unit-ubjson.cpp

@@ -3308,3 +3308,43 @@ TEST_CASE("UBJSON and BJData integer markers at every range edge")
         }
     }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("UBJSON large strings (chunked reader)")
+{
+    // get_ubjson_string() reads through get_string(), which reads in bounded
+    // chunks (binary_reader.hpp, chunk_size == 4096); make sure roundtripping
+    // is correct for lengths around and beyond that chunk size, for both
+    // vector (iterator) and pointer inputs.
+    //
+    // A binary value is not included here: plain UBJSON (unlike BJData, see
+    // the "BJData large strings and binaries" test) has no reader-side binary
+    // type, so even the optimized uint8_t-array encoding of a binary value is
+    // read back element-by-element as a JSON array of numbers rather than
+    // through get_binary() - it never reaches the chunked path this test is
+    // about (see the "roundtrip only works to an array of numbers" case
+    // above).
+    for (const std::size_t len :
+            {
+                std::size_t{0}, std::size_t{1}, std::size_t{4095}, std::size_t{4096},
+                std::size_t{4097}, std::size_t{8192}, std::size_t{100000}
+            })
+    {
+        CAPTURE(len)
+
+        const json j_string = std::string(len, 'x');
+        const std::vector<std::uint8_t> v_string = json::to_ubjson(j_string);
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(v_string) == j_string);
+        // pointer input exercises the std::memcpy fast path
+        CHECK(json::from_ubjson(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()),
+                                reinterpret_cast<const char*>(v_string.data()) + v_string.size()) == j_string);
+
+        // a truncated payload must still be reported as an error
+        if (len > 16)
+        {
+            std::vector<std::uint8_t> truncated = v_string;
+            truncated.resize(truncated.size() - 8);
+            json _;
+            CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_ubjson(truncated), json::parse_error);
+        }
+    }
+}