# OpenSearch and Grafana

To set up visual dashboards of DMARC data, install OpenSearch and Grafana.

## Installation

OpenSearch: https://opensearch.org/docs/latest/install-and-configure/install-opensearch/index/
Grafana: https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/setup-grafana/installation/

## Data streams and records retention

Starting in version 5.0.0, `parsedmarc` stores data in a separate
index for each day (or each month, with `monthly_indexes`), named after
the report's date, such as `dmarc_aggregate-2024-03-31`. That makes it
easy to comply with records retention regulations such as GDPR: delete
the indexes for the dates you no longer keep.
A single aggregate report creates at most 31 dated indexes
(`MAX_INDEXES_PER_REPORT`): when its records would use more than 31
dated indexes, the later records are saved to the report's first dated
index with their own dates, and a warning is logged. Dated index names still come
from each report's own dates, so reports with many different dates
still create one index per date; data streams (`use_data_streams`) are
affected by neither.

Set `use_data_streams = True` in the `[opensearch]` section to write to
[data streams] instead. Each report type then goes to one data stream
named like the indexes without the date: `dmarc_aggregate`,
`dmarc_failure`, and `smtp_tls`, with `index_prefix`, `index_suffix`, or
the `index_prefix_domain_map` prefix applied as usual. The cluster
creates the stream's backing indices (`.ds-dmarc_aggregate-000001`, …),
and an [ISM] policy you attach rolls them over and deletes old data, so
there is one stable name per report type and far fewer shards. Amazon
OpenSearch Serverless (`aws_service = aoss`) has no data streams or
ISM, so leave `use_data_streams` off there.

Before a parsedmarc process first saves to a stream, it puts an index
template named after the stream and creates the stream if it does not
exist yet. The template:

- matches exactly the stream's name, with no wildcard, so it never applies
  to the dated indexes;
- has priority 501 and sets `number_of_shards` and `number_of_replicas`
  from the configuration, for each new backing index;
- maps `@timestamp` as a date. Every document parsedmarc saves carries
  `@timestamp`: each record's begin date (`date_begin`) for aggregate
  reports, which is the report's begin date unless parsedmarc split a
  report spanning more than a day into daily records; the arrival date
  for failure reports; and the report's begin date for SMTP TLS reports.
  The other fields get the same [field mappings](#field-mappings) as the
  dated indexes.

parsedmarc puts the template again in every process, so changes made to
it directly do not last.

parsedmarc does not create or change any ISM policy. Here is an example
that rolls each stream over every 30 days, or sooner when a primary
shard reaches 50 GB, and deletes a backing index 180 days after it was
created. Its `ism_template` attaches it to every backing index the
listed streams create from now on. List the stream names themselves,
including any prefix or suffix: a `.ds-dmarc_aggregate-*` pattern does
not match the backing indices.

```text
PUT _plugins/_ism/policies/parsedmarc
{
  "policy": {
    "description": "parsedmarc data stream retention",
    "default_state": "hot",
    "states": [
      {
        "name": "hot",
        "actions": [
          {
            "rollover": {
              "min_index_age": "30d",
              "min_primary_shard_size": "50gb"
            }
          }
        ],
        "transitions": [
          {
            "state_name": "delete",
            "conditions": {"min_index_age": "180d"}
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "delete",
        "actions": [{"delete": {}}],
        "transitions": []
      }
    ],
    "ism_template": [
      {
        "index_patterns": ["dmarc_aggregate", "dmarc_failure", "smtp_tls"],
        "priority": 100
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

The `ism_template` only applies to backing indices created after the
policy. To attach the policy to the backing indices of a stream that
already exists:

```text
POST _plugins/_ism/add/dmarc_aggregate
{
  "policy_id": "parsedmarc"
}
```

`min_index_age` counts from when the backing index was created, not
from the report dates, so a backing index is deleted 180 days after it
was created, whatever dates the reports in it cover. If you need
retention by report date, keep using dated indexes and delete them by
name.

### Field mappings

Indexes and data stream templates created by parsedmarc 11.2.2 or later
turn date detection off and declare the date fields (`date_range`,
`date_begin`, `date_end`, `arrival_date`, `@timestamp`, and
`sample.date`), so a report
cannot make a text field such as `report_id` a date and block every
later report for that index. In failure reports, only these sample
headers are indexed: `authentication-results`, `auto-submitted`, `cc`,
`content-transfer-encoding`, `content-type`, `date`, `from`,
`in-reply-to`, `message-id`, `mime-version`, `received`, `references`,
`reply-to`, `return-path`, `subject`, `thread-index`, `thread-topic`,
`to`, `x-auto-response-suppress`, `x-exclaimer-md-config`,
`x-linkedin-fe`, `x-mailer`, `x-ms-exchange-generated-message-source`,
`x-ms-exchange-inbox-rules-loop`, `x-ms-exchange-parent-message-id`,
`x-ms-exchange-transport-fromentityheader`, `x-ms-has-attach`,
`x-ms-tnef-correlator`, and `x-onpremexternalip`. Every header is still
kept in `_source` under its lower-cased name, with any `.` replaced by
`_`, except a `From`, `To` or `Reply-To` header that holds no address,
which is left out of the document. To make another header searchable
in the dated indexes, declare it
under `sample.headers.properties` as `text` with a `keyword` sub-field
in an index template whose `index_patterns` match them
(`dmarc_failure-*`); it applies only to indexes created after it. The
data stream template composes no component template, so for a data
stream add the header to its backing indices with the update mapping
API (`PUT dmarc_failure/_mapping`), and again after each rollover.
Dated indexes created by earlier releases keep their mappings unchanged.
parsedmarc puts the data stream template again in every process
before its first save to the stream, so after upgrading, an existing
stream's next backing index after a rollover gets these mappings too.

### Switching an existing installation to data streams

Dated indexes that already exist are left alone. They keep working next
to the streams: the shipped dashboards use the `dmarc_aggregate*`,
`dmarc_f*`, and `smtp_tls*` index patterns, which match both, and the
check for duplicate reports searches both, so a report that is already
in a dated index is not saved again into a stream. You can delete the
dated indexes when they age out of your retention period, or move their
documents into the streams. Documents saved by earlier releases have no
`@timestamp`, which a data stream requires, so add it while reindexing.
Run parsedmarc once with `use_data_streams = True` first, so the stream
and its template exist; a reindex into a name that is not a data stream
yet creates an ordinary index of that name instead:

```text
POST _reindex
{
  "source": {"index": "dmarc_aggregate-*"},
  "dest": {"index": "dmarc_aggregate", "op_type": "create"},
  "script": {
    "lang": "painless",
    "source": "ctx._source['@timestamp'] = ctx._source.date_begin"
  }
}
```

Use `date_begin` for `smtp_tls-*` too, and `arrival_date` for
`dmarc_failure-*`. Delete the dated indexes once the reindex has
finished; until then, the dashboards count every document twice.

If saving fails with `cannot create the data stream dmarc_aggregate: an
index or alias with that name already exists`, an index or alias already
uses the stream's name. parsedmarc releases before 5.0.0 wrote to an
undated `dmarc_aggregate` index, for example. parsedmarc refuses to
write into such an index rather than mixing new documents into it. Move
its documents to a dated name, which the
dashboards still match, and delete it:

```text
POST _reindex
{
  "source": {"index": "dmarc_aggregate"},
  "dest": {"index": "dmarc_aggregate-legacy"}
}

DELETE dmarc_aggregate
```

[data streams]: https://docs.opensearch.org/latest/im-plugin/data-streams/
[ISM]: https://docs.opensearch.org/latest/im-plugin/ism/index/