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json/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/to_ubjson.md
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Niels Lohmann 63c10a51fc Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI (#5638)
* Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI

A review of all documentation pages found factual errors, dead links,
missing cross-references, and gaps in examples. This fixes them and adds
checks so the same problems are caught automatically.

Fixes:
- wrong signatures and version histories (operator!= C++20 member,
  binary() subtype type, get<PointerType>(), JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL, ...)
- stale descriptions (number parsing since #5283, UBJSON table, SAX
  example that no longer compiled, tsl::ordered_map advice)
- dead internal and external links; repology.org badges (the domain is
  suspended) replaced by badges that query the registries directly
- deprecation notes link the migration guide; the guide itself fixed

Additions:
- "See also" sections, cross-references, 25 runnable examples, 12
  Mermaid diagrams, new API pages for json_pointer::operator<=> and
  byte_container_with_subtype::operator==/!=
- landing page, guides for untrusted input and performance
- "unreleased" badge after versions newer than the latest release

Checks:
- strict documentation build (broken links/anchors fail it); CI and
  the publish workflow fetch the full history the build needs
- weekly external link check, Mermaid syntax check in CI
- check_structure.py: example titles, heading levels, alt texts,
  header links, docset index coverage; its unused-example check works
  again
- all examples produce the same output on every platform

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Keep the customer links that could not be fixed

A dead link on the customers page is still the evidence of where the
use of the library was documented. Keep the original URLs of the entries
without a working replacement (Marne, Cisco Webex Desk Camera, Philips
Hue, CyberArk) and exclude exactly these URLs from the link check.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct the duplicate-key recipe's claim about SAX positions

The SAX interface's key() receives no position either; only parse_error()
does. Also note that the recipe does not report the path to the repeated
key (see discussion #5085).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Say the library is available as a single header and mention json_fwd.hpp

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct documentation errors found while hunting for bugs

- patch/patch_inplace: list the JSON pointer errors parse_error.106-109
  and out_of_range.402/404, and quote the actual parse_error.105 message.
- unflatten: list parse_error.106/107/108 and out_of_range.404.
- to_bson: list out_of_range.415 (binary subtype above 255) and note
  that 412 and 415 are new in 3.13.0.
- to_string: state that string_t must be convertible to std::string, also
  in the StringType requirements table.
- JSON Lines: a `while (input >> j)` loop also throws after the last value
  for concatenated JSON values; show a loop that works for both.
- BON8: a string gets 0xFF only if nothing follows it in the message; a
  string at the end of an array or object is ended by 0xFE.
- custom_string_type.hpp: add operator+=(char), which the "Always
  required" list asks for (json_pointer::to_string, flatten, unflatten,
  and diff did not compile), and an ADL int_to_string for diff and items.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Cache the release headers with functools.lru_cache

Codacy (Pylint) flagged the mutable default argument that header() used
as its cache. functools.lru_cache keeps the same memoization without it.
The script's output is unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:32:15 +02:00

3.0 KiB

nlohmann::basic_json::to_ubjson

// (1)
static std::vector<std::uint8_t> to_ubjson(const basic_json& j,
                                           const bool use_size = false,
                                           const bool use_type = false);

// (2)
static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<std::uint8_t> o,
                      const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false);
static void to_ubjson(const basic_json& j, detail::output_adapter<char> o,
                      const bool use_size = false, const bool use_type = false);

Serializes a given JSON value j to a byte vector using the UBJSON (Universal Binary JSON) serialization format. UBJSON aims to be more compact than JSON itself, yet more efficient to parse.

  1. Returns a byte vector containing the UBJSON serialization.
  2. Writes the UBJSON serialization to an output adapter.

The exact mapping and its limitations are described on a dedicated page.

Parameters

j (in)
JSON value to serialize
o (in)
output adapter to write serialization to
use_size (in)
whether to add size annotations to container types; optional, #!cpp false by default.
use_type (in)
whether to add type annotations to container types (must be combined with #!cpp use_size = true); optional, #!cpp false by default.

Return value

  1. UBJSON serialization as a byte vector
  2. (none)

Exception safety

Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.

Exceptions

  • Throws other_error.502 if use_type is true and use_size is false, and j contains a non-empty array, object, or binary value.

Complexity

Linear in the size of the JSON value j.

Examples

??? example "Example: serialize a JSON value to UBJSON"

The example shows the serialization of a JSON value to a byte vector in UBJSON format.
 
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.cpp"
```

Output:

```json
--8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.output"
```

??? example "Example: other_error.502 exception"

The example shows how requesting type annotations (`use_type`) without size annotations (`use_size`) throws an
exception, because type-optimized containers can only be read back with a preceding size.

```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_ubjson__exception.cpp"
```

Output:

```json
--8<-- "examples/to_ubjson__exception.output"
```

See also

  • from_ubjson create a JSON value from an input in UBJSON format
  • to_cbor create a CBOR serialization of a JSON value
  • to_msgpack create a MessagePack serialization of a JSON value
  • to_bson create a BSON serialization of a JSON value
  • to_bjdata create a BJData serialization of a JSON value
  • to_bon8 create a BON8 serialization of a JSON value

Version history

  • Added in version 3.1.0.