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json/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/get.md
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Niels Lohmann 77acd4563c Add element access, iteration, values, and JSON pointers to json_view
Give basic_json_view the read-only access functions of basic_json:
operator[] and at() with keys and indices, front()/back(), find(),
contains(), count(), begin()/end() and cbegin()/cend(), items()
with structured bindings from C++17 on, and type_name().

Exceptions have the ids and messages of the const functions of
basic_json. Where basic_json has undefined behavior the view
answers safely: operator[] with a missing key or an out-of-range
index returns a discarded view, and front()/back() of an empty
container throw invalid_iterator.214. Objects are iterated in
document order, and all members are visited; duplicate-key lookups
find the first member (as yyjson and simdjson do), while parse(),
materialize(), and the map conversions keep the last value, as
parse() does. Keys of up to 16 bytes are compared with two
overlapping loads.

Add value conversions: get<T>()/get_to() for arithmetic types,
bool, nullptr_t, strings (std::basic_string copied,
string_view_t without a copy), BasicJsonType, views, std::vector,
and maps with string keys; get_string() for the string without a
copy; number_token() for the number exactly as written in the
source; value() with keys and JSON pointers; and operator[]/at()/
contains() with JSON pointers. Everything else, including types
with from_json(), goes through materialize() of that subtree.
get<T>() of arithmetic types is inlined down to the conversion, so
reading an integer needs no call.

detail::json_pointer_access exposes a pointer's reference tokens
to code outside basic_json.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-07 16:42:26 +02:00

6.8 KiB

nlohmann::basic_json::get

// (1)
template<typename ValueType>
ValueType get() const noexcept(
    noexcept(JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(
        std::declval<const basic_json_t&>(), std::declval<ValueType&>())));

// (2)
template<typename BasicJsonType>
BasicJsonType get() const;

// (3)
template<typename PointerType>
PointerType get() noexcept;

template<typename PointerType>
const PointerType get() const noexcept;  // constexpr since C++14
  1. Explicit type conversion between the JSON value and a compatible value which is CopyConstructible and DefaultConstructible. The value is converted by calling the json_serializer<ValueType> from_json() method.

    The function is equivalent to executing

    ValueType ret;
    JSONSerializer<ValueType>::from_json(*this, ret);
    return ret;
    

    This overload is chosen if:

    • ValueType is not basic_json,
    • json_serializer<ValueType> has a from_json() method of the form void from_json(const basic_json&, ValueType&), and
    • json_serializer<ValueType> does not have a from_json() method of the form ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)

    If the type is not CopyConstructible and not DefaultConstructible, the value is converted by calling the json_serializer<ValueType> from_json() method.

    The function is then equivalent to executing

    return JSONSerializer<ValueTypeCV>::from_json(*this);
    

    This overload is chosen if:

    • ValueType is not basic_json and
    • json_serializer<ValueType> has a from_json() method of the form ValueType from_json(const basic_json&)

    If json_serializer<ValueType> has both overloads of from_json(), the latter one is chosen.

  2. Overload for basic_json specializations. The function is equivalent to executing

    return *this;
    
  3. Explicit pointer access to the internally stored JSON value. No copies are made.

Template parameters

ValueType
the value type to return
BasicJsonType
a specialization of basic_json
PointerType
pointer type; must be a pointer to array_t, object_t, string_t, boolean_t, number_integer_t, or number_unsigned_t, number_float_t, or binary_t. Other types will not compile.

Return value

  1. copy of the JSON value, converted to ValueType
  2. a copy of #!cpp *this, converted into BasicJsonType
  3. pointer to the internally stored JSON value if the requested pointer type fits to the JSON value; #!cpp nullptr otherwise

Exception safety

Depends on what json_serializer<ValueType> from_json() method throws for overloads (1) and (2); the JSON value itself is never modified, since get() is a #!cpp const member function. No-throw guarantee for overload (3): this function never throws exceptions.

Exceptions

Depends on what json_serializer<ValueType> from_json() method throws

Complexity

Depends on the json_serializer<ValueType>::from_json() implementation for overloads (1) and (2); constant for overload (3).

Notes

!!! danger "Undefined behavior for pointers"

Writing data to the pointee (overload 3) of the result yields an undefined state.

!!! danger "Undefined behavior for numeric conversions"

Conversions between numeric types are performed by the corresponding
`from_json()` implementation using the target C++ type. When converting
between numeric types, the library does not check whether the source
value is representable by the target type.

If the source value is outside the range of the target type, the behavior
is the same as the corresponding C++ conversion. In particular, converting
a floating-point value to an integer type that cannot represent the value
results in undefined behavior.

See [Number conversion](../../features/types/number_handling.md#number-conversion)
for more information.

!!! note "std::optional conversions"

Prior to version 3.13.0, `#!cpp get<std::optional<T>>()` (and other conversions to `std::optional<T>`) failed to
compile in every configuration, due to an internal implementation bug that made the `from_json` overload for
`std::optional` unreachable regardless of the [`JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS`](../macros/json_use_implicit_conversions.md)
setting. This has been fixed.

Examples

??? example "Example: (1) explicit conversion to compatible types"

The example below shows several conversions from JSON values
to other types. There a few things to note: (1) Floating-point numbers can
be converted to integers, (2) A JSON array can be converted to a standard
`std::vector<short>`, (3) A JSON object can be converted to C++
associative containers such as `std::map<std::string, json>`.
    
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/get__ValueType_const.cpp"
```

Output:

```json
--8<-- "examples/get__ValueType_const.output"
```

??? example "Example: (2) explicit conversion to another basic_json specialization"

The example below shows how a `json` value is converted to an `ordered_json` value using `get<BasicJsonType>()`.

```cpp
--8<-- "examples/get__BasicJsonType.cpp"
```

Output:

```json
--8<-- "examples/get__BasicJsonType.output"
```

??? example "Example: (3) explicit pointer access to the stored value"

The example below shows how pointers to internal values of a JSON value can be requested. Note that no type
conversions are made and a `#cpp nullptr` is returned if the value and the requested pointer type does not match.
    
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/get__PointerType.cpp"
```

Output:

```json
--8<-- "examples/get__PointerType.output"
```

See also

Version history

  1. Since version 2.1.0.
  2. Since version 2.1.0. Extended to work with other specializations of basic_json in version 3.2.0.
  3. Since version 1.0.0.