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Niels LohmannandGitHub 9a091d2b82 Do not write BJData ndarrays whose size overflows std::size_t (#5362)
* Do not write BJData ndarrays whose size overflows std::size_t

write_bjdata_ndarray() multiplied the _ArraySize_ dimensions into a
std::size_t without checking for overflow. A product that wraps around
to a value that happens to match the size of _ArrayData_ passed the
length check, and the writer emitted an ndarray header announcing an
element count that cannot be represented:

    {"_ArrayType_":"uint8","_ArraySize_":[9223372036854775808,2],"_ArrayData_":[]}

was encoded as 5b 24 55 23 5b 4d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 69 02 5d, an
ndarray of 2^64 elements followed by no data. Reading that back throws
out_of_range.408 ("excessive ndarray size caused overflow"), so to_bjdata
produced output that from_bjdata rejects. This is reachable by parsing
untrusted JSON and re-encoding it as BJData.

Mirror the overflow check the binary reader already performs, and also
reject a single dimension that does not fit into std::size_t, which the
previous cast silently truncated where std::size_t is narrower than 64
bits. Such objects now fall back to a plain object encoding, which is
what the surrounding type and length validation already does for
annotations it cannot represent, and they round-trip unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Document when to_bjdata converts a JData annotation to an ND-array

The BJData page described the 1-D vector case as the only situation in
which an object carrying _ArrayType_/_ArraySize_/_ArrayData_ is not
written as a compact ND-array. The writer has always had several other
fallbacks -- an unknown _ArrayType_, a dimension that is not a
non-negative integer, an _ArrayData_ whose length does not match the
product of the dimensions, and elements that are not numbers of the
annotated kind -- all of which cause the value to be serialized as a
regular JSON object instead.

Spell out the conditions, including the size-overflow check added in the
preceding commit, so the documented behavior matches the implementation.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

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Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-08-05 13:44:15 +02:00
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