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get_ubjson_size_type() takes an inside_ndarray parameter saying whether it is being called for an ndarray's dimension vector, where another ndarray is not allowed. It then seeded the flag it passes down to get_ubjson_size_value() with `false` rather than with that parameter, and only consulted inside_ndarray afterwards, on the '$' branch. So on the '#' branch nothing stopped the descent: every "#[" pair of an input like "[" followed by "#[#[#[..." opened another dimension vector, several native stack frames deeper each time, and the recursion was only reported on the way back out. 100,000 pairs crash the process. This is #5104 again, in a path that has nothing to do with containers. Seed the flag with inside_ndarray, which is what get_ubjson_size_value() documents it wants: "for input, `true` means already inside an ndarray vector or ndarray dimension is not allowed". The nested '[' is then refused where it is read, so the length of the chain no longer matters. Both post-checks gain `&& !inside_ndarray`, because an ndarray was found *here* only if the flag flipped -- get_ubjson_size_value() only ever returns `true` when its initial value was `false`, as its documentation says. With that, the "ndarray can not be recursive" branch is unreachable: a recursive ndarray is now caught one level earlier, and reported as "ndarray dimensional vector is not allowed" like every other nested dimension vector. Three existing expectations move accordingly (vR2, vR4, vR6). All three now fail earlier, and all three now report the same error that vR1, vR5 and vH already reported for the same shape, which is the more consistent outcome. Everything else is unchanged: valid 1D and 2D ndarrays, optimized containers and plain arrays produce identical results, and unit-ubjson is untouched. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>