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json/tests/src/unit-binary_formats.cpp
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Niels Lohmannandelix3r 0c2329d0e2 Reduce test suite runtime and run the Unicode tests everywhere (#5605) 
Squashed onto develop from:
- Cut Unicode ill-formed byte sweeps to one representative prefix
- Pin unrelated bytes in the remaining ill-formed UTF-8 sweeps
- Speed up unit-unicode1
- Run the cheap binary format size tests unconditionally
- Compile unit-msgpack.cpp only once
- Check the JSON Pointer roundtrip for every code point again
- Cover every byte class in the ill-formed UTF-8 sweeps
- Merge the Unicode tests into unit-unicode.cpp
- Stop excluding the Unicode tests in CI

Signed-off-by: elix3r <157088510+22elix3r@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
Co-authored-by: elix3r <157088510+22elix3r@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-06 22:53:03 +02:00

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// __ _____ _____ _____
// __| | __| | | | JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
// | | |__ | | | | | | version 3.12.0
// |_____|_____|_____|_|___| https://github.com/nlohmann/json
//
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using nlohmann::json;
#include <cmath>
#include <fstream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "make_test_data_available.hpp"
TEST_CASE("Binary Formats")
{
SECTION("canada.json")
{
const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/canada.json";
const json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
const auto bson_size = json::to_bson(j).size();
const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
CHECK(json_size == 2090303);
CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 1112030);
CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 1224148);
CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 1224148);
CHECK(bon8_size == 1055792);
CHECK(bson_size == 1794522);
CHECK(cbor_size == 1055552);
CHECK(msgpack_size == 1056145);
CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 1112030);
CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 1224148);
CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 1169069);
CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(53.199));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(58.563));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(58.563));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(50.509));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bson_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(85.849));
CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(50.497));
CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(50.526));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(53.199));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(58.563));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(55.928));
}
SECTION("twitter.json")
{
const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/twitter.json";
const json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
const auto bson_size = json::to_bson(j).size();
const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
CHECK(json_size == 466906);
CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 425342);
CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 429970);
CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 429970);
CHECK(bon8_size == 391396);
CHECK(bson_size == 444568);
CHECK(cbor_size == 402814);
CHECK(msgpack_size == 401510);
CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 426160);
CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 430788);
CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 430798);
CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(91.097));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(92.089));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(92.089));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(83.828));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bson_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(95.215));
CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(86.273));
CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(85.993));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(91.273));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(92.264));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(92.266));
}
SECTION("citm_catalog.json")
{
const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/nativejson-benchmark/citm_catalog.json";
const json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
const auto bson_size = json::to_bson(j).size();
const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
CHECK(json_size == 500299);
CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 390781);
CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 433557);
CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 432964);
CHECK(bon8_size == 317879);
CHECK(bson_size == 479430);
CHECK(cbor_size == 342373);
CHECK(msgpack_size == 342473);
CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 391463);
CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 434239);
CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 425073);
CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(78.109));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(86.659));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(86.541));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(63.538));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bson_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(95.828));
CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(68.433));
CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(68.453));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(78.245));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(86.795));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(84.963));
}
SECTION("sample.json")
{
const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/json_testsuite/sample.json";
const json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
// BSON cannot process the file as it contains code point U+0000
const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
CHECK(json_size == 168677);
CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 148695);
CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 150569);
CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 150569);
CHECK(bon8_size == 144477);
CHECK(cbor_size == 147095);
CHECK(msgpack_size == 147017);
CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 148695);
CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 150569);
CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 150883);
CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(88.153));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(89.264));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(89.264));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(85.653));
CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.205));
CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.158));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(88.153));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(89.264));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(89.450));
}
}
// jeopardy.json is 52 MB and produces ~500 MB of serialization output, so it
// is kept apart from the cheap corpus files above (#5418)
TEST_CASE("Binary Formats (jeopardy.json)" * doctest::skip())
{
const auto* filename = TEST_DATA_DIRECTORY "/jeopardy/jeopardy.json";
json j = json::parse(std::ifstream(filename));
const auto json_size = j.dump().size();
const auto bjdata_1_size = json::to_bjdata(j).size();
const auto bjdata_2_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true).size();
const auto bjdata_3_size = json::to_bjdata(j, true, true).size();
const auto bon8_size = json::to_bon8(j).size();
const auto bson_size = json::to_bson({{"", j}}).size(); // wrap array in object for BSON
const auto cbor_size = json::to_cbor(j).size();
const auto msgpack_size = json::to_msgpack(j).size();
const auto ubjson_1_size = json::to_ubjson(j).size();
const auto ubjson_2_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true).size();
const auto ubjson_3_size = json::to_ubjson(j, true, true).size();
CHECK(json_size == 52508728);
CHECK(bjdata_1_size == 50710965);
CHECK(bjdata_2_size == 51144830);
CHECK(bjdata_3_size == 51144830);
CHECK(bon8_size == 45942080);
CHECK(bson_size == 56008520);
CHECK(cbor_size == 46187320);
CHECK(msgpack_size == 46158575);
CHECK(ubjson_1_size == 50710965);
CHECK(ubjson_2_size == 51144830);
CHECK(ubjson_3_size == 49861422);
CHECK((100.0 * double(json_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(100.0));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(96.576));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bjdata_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bon8_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.494));
CHECK((100.0 * double(bson_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(106.665));
CHECK((100.0 * double(cbor_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.961));
CHECK((100.0 * double(msgpack_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(87.906));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_1_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(96.576));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_2_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(97.402));
CHECK((100.0 * double(ubjson_3_size) / double(json_size)) == Approx(94.958));
}
namespace
{
// the binary formats as function pointers for "Binary formats with narrow number types";
// named functions rather than lambdas, because clang 3.5 cannot convert a lambda
// to a function pointer in the braced initializer of the format table
using narrow_json = nlohmann::basic_json<std::map, std::vector, std::string, bool, std::int32_t, std::uint32_t, float>;
using bytes = std::vector<std::uint8_t>;
bytes encode_cbor(const json& j)
{
return json::to_cbor(j);
}
narrow_json decode_cbor(const bytes& v, bool allow_exceptions)
{
return narrow_json::from_cbor(v, true, allow_exceptions);
}
bytes encode_msgpack(const json& j)
{
return json::to_msgpack(j);
}
narrow_json decode_msgpack(const bytes& v, bool allow_exceptions)
{
return narrow_json::from_msgpack(v, true, allow_exceptions);
}
bytes encode_ubjson(const json& j)
{
return json::to_ubjson(j);
}
narrow_json decode_ubjson(const bytes& v, bool allow_exceptions)
{
return narrow_json::from_ubjson(v, true, allow_exceptions);
}
bytes encode_bjdata(const json& j)
{
return json::to_bjdata(j);
}
narrow_json decode_bjdata(const bytes& v, bool allow_exceptions)
{
return narrow_json::from_bjdata(v, true, allow_exceptions);
}
// BSON can only store numbers as object members
bytes encode_bson(const json& j)
{
return json::to_bson(json{{"a", j}});
}
narrow_json decode_bson(const bytes& v, bool allow_exceptions)
{
const auto result = narrow_json::from_bson(v, true, allow_exceptions);
return result.is_discarded() ? result : result.at("a");
}
bytes encode_bon8(const json& j)
{
return json::to_bon8(j);
}
narrow_json decode_bon8(const bytes& v, bool allow_exceptions)
{
return narrow_json::from_bon8(v, true, allow_exceptions);
}
} // namespace
TEST_CASE("Binary formats with narrow number types")
{
// Numbers that do not fit the number types are handled like the lexer
// handles them in JSON text: an integer that fits neither integer type is
// stored as a floating-point number, and a finite floating-point number
// that overflows number_float_t is rejected with out_of_range.406.
struct binary_format
{
const char* name;
bytes (*encode)(const json&);
narrow_json (*decode)(const bytes&, bool);
};
const std::vector<binary_format> formats =
{
{"CBOR", encode_cbor, decode_cbor},
{"MessagePack", encode_msgpack, decode_msgpack},
{"UBJSON", encode_ubjson, decode_ubjson},
{"BJData", encode_bjdata, decode_bjdata},
{"BSON", encode_bson, decode_bson},
{"BON8", encode_bon8, decode_bon8},
};
for (const auto& format : formats)
{
const std::string name = format.name;
INFO("format := ", name);
const auto roundtrip = [&format](const json & j)
{
return format.decode(format.encode(j), true);
};
// integers that fit keep their type
CHECK(roundtrip(json(-5)).is_number_integer());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(-5)).get<std::int32_t>() == -5);
CHECK(roundtrip(json(3000000000u)).is_number_unsigned());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(3000000000u)).get<std::uint32_t>() == 3000000000u);
// integers that fit neither integer type are stored as float
CHECK(roundtrip(json(5000000000u)).is_number_float());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(5000000000u)).get<float>() == 5000000000.0f);
if (name != "BON8") // BON8 cannot encode integers above INT64_MAX
{
CHECK(roundtrip(json(10000000000000000000u)).is_number_float());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(10000000000000000000u)).get<float>() == 10000000000000000000.0f);
}
CHECK(roundtrip(json(-3000000000LL)).is_number_float());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(-3000000000LL)).get<float>() == -3000000000.0f);
CHECK(roundtrip(json(-5000000000LL)).is_number_float());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(-5000000000LL)).get<float>() == -5000000000.0f);
// floating-point numbers that fit
CHECK(roundtrip(json(1.5)).get<float>() == 1.5f);
const auto just_above_max = std::nextafter(static_cast<double>((std::numeric_limits<float>::max)()),
std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
CHECK(roundtrip(json(just_above_max)).get<float>() == (std::numeric_limits<float>::max)());
// infinity and NaN are passed on
CHECK(std::isinf(roundtrip(json(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity())).get<float>()));
CHECK(std::isnan(roundtrip(json(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())).get<float>()));
// finite floating-point numbers that overflow number_float_t are rejected
const std::string message = "[json.exception.out_of_range.406] syntax error while parsing " + name
+ " value: number overflow";
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(roundtrip(json(1e300)), message.c_str(), narrow_json::out_of_range&);
CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(roundtrip(json(-1e300)), message.c_str(), narrow_json::out_of_range&);
CHECK(format.decode(format.encode(json(1e300)), false).is_discarded());
}
}
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