json_view: address review of the exception diagnostics

- value_path(): check for the empty stack where the last frame is popped,
  so that the loop is `for (;;)`; update the frame only after the target
  check; document that the frame reference is not used after pop_back()
  or push_back() (and add a test with deep documents to run under a
  sanitizer)
- value_range(): flip the container check to remove a level of nesting
- diagnostics(): wrap the whole function in the macro check, and compute
  the path before the bytes, so that nothing is computed when there is no
  path; the function stays a template
- error_site: separate constructors for the two configurations
- site_of(): static_assert that it is called with a view
- document why the throw helpers without an error_site have none
- pointer.hpp: do not split a comment around the template header
- docs: "when materialize() sets them"; list the effects of
  JSON_DIAGNOSTICS and JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS separately

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01N5NasBf4ToHzdcoNEPAJhS

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -154,15 +154,6 @@ and each page's title (H1) and declaration by
 [`docs/docset/generate_docset.py`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/docs/docset/generate_docset.py);
 `make build` reports API pages that cannot be classified.
 
-A pull request that changes only the documentation, Markdown files, GitHub metadata, or license files skips the
-compiler workflows (Ubuntu, macOS, Windows); the documentation and license checks still run. See
-[`tools/check_path_filters`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/check_path_filters) for the list of
-skipped files and what to do when a compiler job starts reading one of them.
-
-Most compiler jobs run only once a maintainer adds the label "🚀 ready to merge" to a pull request; until then, a
-smaller set of jobs runs on every push. See
-[How CI runs](https://json.nlohmann.me/community/quality_assurance/#how-ci-runs) for the sets and when they run.
-
 ### Amalgamate the source code
 
 The single-header files

.github/workflows/macos.yml

@@ -7,25 +7,6 @@ on:
       - master
       - release/*
   pull_request:
-    # Skip pull requests that change only files no job here reads. The list is checked by
-    # tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py (repository_checks.yml); change both together.
-    paths:
-      - '**'
-      - '!docs/**'
-      - '!**.md'
-      - '!.github/*'
-      - '!.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/**'
-      - '!.github/external_ci/**'
-      - '!.github/workflows/**'
-      - '!.reuse/**'
-      - '!LICENSES/**'
-      - '!CITATION.cff'
-      - '!REUSE.toml'
-      # read by tools/check_build_options in the ci_meson_install job (ubuntu.yml)
-      - 'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md'
-      # built by the swiftpm job (macos.yml)
-      - 'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/swift/**'
-      - '.github/workflows/macos.yml'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 concurrency:

.github/workflows/repository_checks.yml

@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-name: Repository checks
-
-# Checks that concern files the compiler workflows (ubuntu.yml, macos.yml,
-# windows.yml) skip with their path filter: the documentation, the license
-# information, and the CI configuration itself. This workflow has no path filter.
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-      - master
-      - release/*
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  check_ci_configuration:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Harden Runner
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
-        with:
-          egress-policy: audit
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Check the path filters of the compiler workflows
-        run: python3 tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py
-      - name: Check the job sets of the compiler workflows and their documentation
-        run: |
-          python3 -m venv venv
-          venv/bin/pip install --quiet -r tools/ci_jobs/requirements.txt
-          venv/bin/python tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py
-
-  ci_reuse_compliance:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Harden Runner
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
-        with:
-          egress-policy: audit
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_reuse_compliance
-
-  ci_test_documentation:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_test_examples, ci_test_build_documentation, ci_test_documentation_mermaid]
-    steps:
-      - name: Harden Runner
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
-        with:
-          egress-policy: audit
-
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          # the git-revision-date-localized plugin needs the history; a shallow clone makes the strict build fail
-          fetch-depth: ${{ matrix.target == 'ci_test_build_documentation' && '0' || '1' }}
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@949feb2413d6458794dcd2491c4babbbce0c15c1 # v7.1.0
-        if: matrix.target == 'ci_test_documentation_mermaid'
-        with:
-          node-version: 24
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}

.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml

@@ -7,62 +7,17 @@ on:
       - master
       - release/*
   pull_request:
-    # labeled: the "🚀 ready to merge" label starts the full set (see below)
-    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled]
-    # Skip pull requests that change only files no job here reads. The list is checked by
-    # tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py (repository_checks.yml); change both together.
-    paths:
-      - '**'
-      - '!docs/**'
-      - '!**.md'
-      - '!.github/*'
-      - '!.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/**'
-      - '!.github/external_ci/**'
-      - '!.github/workflows/**'
-      - '!.reuse/**'
-      - '!LICENSES/**'
-      - '!CITATION.cff'
-      - '!REUSE.toml'
-      # read by tools/check_build_options in the ci_meson_install job (ubuntu.yml)
-      - 'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md'
-      # built by the swiftpm job (macos.yml)
-      - 'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/swift/**'
-      - '.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml'
-  schedule:
-    # the nightly set (see below), on develop
-    - cron: '0 2 * * *'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
-# A run triggered by any other label gets a group of its own, so it does not
-# cancel the run of the last push; its jobs are skipped.
 concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' && 'nightly' || github.ref || github.run_id }}${{ github.event.action == 'labeled' && github.event.label.name != '🚀 ready to merge' && format('-{0}', github.run_id) || '' }}
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
-# The jobs are split into three sets (see "How CI runs" in
-# docs/mkdocs/docs/community/quality_assurance.md):
-#
-# - PR set: every pull request push and every push; chosen because these jobs
-#   caught 92 % of the failing commits in Sep/Oct 2026.
-# - full set: after the PR set passed, on pushes and on pull requests with the
-#   "🚀 ready to merge" label; every remaining compiler, version and standard.
-# - nightly set: slow tools and rare compilers, nightly on develop, on pushes
-#   to master and release/*, and when started by hand.
-#
-# A matrix whose entries belong to different sets is split into one job per
-# set; the jobs share their steps through YAML anchors. tools/ci_jobs checks
-# that every job belongs to exactly one set.
-
 jobs:
-  ###########################################################################
-  # PR set
-  ###########################################################################
-
   ci_test_gcc:
-    if: &pr_set ${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' && (github.event.action != 'labeled' || github.event.label.name == '🚀 ready to merge') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: gcc:latest
     steps:
@@ -77,7 +32,6 @@ jobs:
         run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_gcc
 
   ci_meson_install:
-    if: *pr_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -122,342 +76,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S tests/cmake_import/project -B build-import-split -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{ github.workspace }}/install-split
           cmake --build build-import-split
 
-  ci_static_analysis_ubuntu:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_cpplint]
-    steps: &static_analysis_ubuntu_steps
-      - name: Harden Runner
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
-        with:
-          egress-policy: audit
-
-      - name: Install Valgrind
-        if: matrix.target == 'ci_test_valgrind'
-        run: sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get install -y valgrind
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-
-  ci_static_analysis_clang:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: silkeh/clang:22
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_test_clang, ci_clang_tidy, ci_test_clang_sanitizer, ci_single_binaries]
-    steps: &static_analysis_clang_steps
-      - name: Install git, clang-tools, iwyu (ci_single_binaries), and unzip
-        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y git clang-tools iwyu unzip
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-
-  ci_cmake_options:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ubuntu:24.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_test_diagnostics, ci_test_diagnostic_positions, ci_test_noexceptions, ci_test_noglobaludls]
-    steps: &cmake_options_steps
-      - name: Install build-essential
-        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y build-essential unzip wget git
-      # the CMake 3.5.0 release binary that ci_cmake_flags downloads links
-      # against libidn.so.11, which Ubuntu 24.04 no longer ships
-      - name: Install libidn11 for CMake 3.5.0
-        if: matrix.target == 'ci_cmake_flags'
-        run: |
-          wget -q http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libi/libidn/libidn11_1.33-2.2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
-          dpkg -i libidn11_1.33-2.2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-
-  ci_test_compilers_gcc_old:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        compiler: ['4.8']
-    # official gcc:4.8/4.9/5/6 images fail to check out code (too old for
-    # actions/checkout); install the old compilers on top of official ubuntu:20.04
-    # instead, mirroring what the (now retired) custom json-ci image did.
-    container: ubuntu:20.04
-    steps: &compilers_gcc_old_steps
-      - name: Install g++-${{ matrix.compiler }}
-        run: |
-          export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
-          apt-get update
-          apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends software-properties-common ca-certificates gnupg make git
-          # add-apt-repository resolves the PPA through the Launchpad API,
-          # which intermittently times out or fails the team lookup (the plain
-          # "deb ..." sources below never hit Launchpad and never flake).
-          # Retry with backoff so a transient Launchpad blip does not fail CI.
-          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
-            add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test && break
-            echo "::warning::add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test failed (attempt ${attempt}/5); retrying"
-            sleep $((attempt * 10))
-          done
-          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main"
-          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe"
-          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main"
-          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe"
-          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main"
-          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe"
-          apt-get update
-          apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends g++-${{ matrix.compiler }}
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: CXX=g++-${{ matrix.compiler }} cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_g++-${{ matrix.compiler }}
-
-  ci_test_compilers_clang:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        compiler: ['3.4']
-    container: silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.compiler }}
-    steps: &compilers_clang_steps
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Disable filesystem support (std::filesystem is unusable) for clang 7 / 8 / 9 / 10
-        run: echo "JSON_FORCED_GLOBAL_COMPILE_OPTIONS=-DJSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM=0;-DJSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM=0" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-        if: ${{ matrix.compiler == '7' || matrix.compiler == '8' || matrix.compiler == '9' || matrix.compiler == '10' }}
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_default
-
-  ci_test_standards_gcc:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: gcc:latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        standard: [26]
-    steps: &standards_gcc_steps
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_gcc_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
-
-  ci_test_standards_clang:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: silkeh/clang:latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        standard: [26]
-        stdlib: [libcxx]
-    steps: &standards_clang_steps
-      - name: Install git and unzip
-        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y git unzip
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build with libc++
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_clang_libcxx_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
-        if: ${{ matrix.stdlib == 'libcxx' }}
-      - name: Build with libstdc++
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_clang_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
-        if: ${{ matrix.stdlib == 'libstdcxx' }}
-
-  ci_emscripten:
-    if: *pr_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    steps:
-      - name: Harden Runner
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
-        with:
-          egress-policy: audit
-
-      - name: Install emscripten
-        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@4528d102f7230f0e7b276855c01ea1159be0e984 # v16
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$EMSDK/upstream/emscripten/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake -GNinja
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build
-
-  ###########################################################################
-  # full set: starts after the PR set passed
-  ###########################################################################
-
-  ci_static_analysis_ubuntu_full:
-    needs: &pr_set_jobs [ci_test_gcc, ci_meson_install, ci_static_analysis_ubuntu, ci_static_analysis_clang, ci_cmake_options, ci_test_compilers_gcc_old, ci_test_compilers_clang, ci_test_standards_gcc, ci_test_standards_clang, ci_emscripten]
-    if: &full_set ${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, '🚀 ready to merge') }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_test_single_header, ci_cppcheck, ci_reproducible_tests, ci_non_git_tests, ci_offline_testdata]
-    steps: *static_analysis_ubuntu_steps
-
-  ci_static_analysis_clang_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: silkeh/clang:22
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_clang_analyze]
-    steps: *static_analysis_clang_steps
-
-  ci_cmake_options_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ubuntu:24.04
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        target: [ci_cmake_flags, ci_test_noimplicitconversions, ci_test_legacycomparison, ci_test_disableenumserialization, ci_test_disabletuplereferenceconversion, ci_test_skiplibraryversioncheck, ci_test_simdutf, ci_test_strict_nul_handling, ci_test_delete_deprecated_functions, ci_test_no_thread_local]
-    steps: *cmake_options_steps
-
-  ci_test_compilers_gcc_old_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        compiler: ['4.9', '5', '6']
-    container: ubuntu:20.04
-    steps: *compilers_gcc_old_steps
-
-  ci_test_compilers_gcc_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        # older GCC docker images (4, 5, 6) fail to check out code
-        compiler: ['7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', 'latest']
-    container: gcc:${{ matrix.compiler }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_default
-
-  ci_test_compilers_clang_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        compiler: ['3.5', '3.6', '3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15-bullseye', '16', '17', '18', '19', '20', '21', '22', 'latest']
-    container: silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.compiler }}
-    steps: *compilers_clang_steps
-
-  ci_test_standards_gcc_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: gcc:latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        standard: [11, 14, 17, 20, 23]
-    steps: *standards_gcc_steps
-
-  ci_test_standards_clang_full:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: silkeh/clang:latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        standard: [11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26]
-        stdlib: [libcxx, libstdcxx]
-        exclude:
-          # in the PR set
-          - standard: 26
-            stdlib: libcxx
-    steps: *standards_clang_steps
-
-  ci_module_cpp20:
-    needs: *pr_set_jobs
-    if: *full_set
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        container: ['gcc:latest', 'silkeh/clang:latest']
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ${{ matrix.container }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-      # The module test uses `import std;`, which needs CMake's experimental
-      # import-std support. Its opt-in token is CMake-version-specific, so pin
-      # CMake to the version whose token is set in tests/module_cpp20/CMakeLists.txt.
-      - name: Get pinned CMake and ninja
-        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
-        with:
-          cmakeVersion: 4.3.4
-      # Clang: the std library module is provided by libc++ (the image's libstdc++
-      # ships none), and the image's libc++ module manifest has a broken relative
-      # path — repoint it at the real module sources.
-      - name: Use libc++ and fix its module manifest path (Clang)
-        if: matrix.container == 'silkeh/clang:latest'
-        run: |
-          echo "CXXFLAGS=-stdlib=libc++" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-          mkdir -p /usr/lib/share && ln -sf /usr/lib/llvm-*/share/libc++ /usr/lib/share/libc++
-      - name: Run CMake
-        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
-      - name: Build
-        run: cmake --build build --target ci_module_cpp20
-
-  ###########################################################################
-  # nightly set
-  ###########################################################################
-
   ci_infer:
-    if: &nightly_set ${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/develop') }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     steps:
       - name: Harden Runner
@@ -486,16 +105,76 @@ jobs:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}/build/build_infer/infer-out/report.txt
           if-no-files-found: ignore
 
-  ci_static_analysis_ubuntu_nightly:
+  ci_static_analysis_ubuntu:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        target: [ci_test_valgrind]
+        target: [ci_test_single_header, ci_cppcheck, ci_cpplint, ci_reproducible_tests, ci_non_git_tests, ci_offline_testdata, ci_reuse_compliance, ci_test_valgrind]
-    steps: *static_analysis_ubuntu_steps
+    steps:
+      - name: Harden Runner
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - name: Install Valgrind
+        if: matrix.target == 'ci_test_valgrind'
+        run: sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get install -y valgrind
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  ci_static_analysis_clang:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: silkeh/clang:22
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        target: [ci_test_clang, ci_clang_tidy, ci_test_clang_sanitizer, ci_clang_analyze, ci_single_binaries]
+    steps:
+      - name: Install git, clang-tools, iwyu (ci_single_binaries), and unzip
+        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y git clang-tools iwyu unzip
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  ci_cmake_options:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: ubuntu:24.04
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        target: [ci_cmake_flags, ci_test_diagnostics, ci_test_diagnostic_positions, ci_test_noexceptions, ci_test_noimplicitconversions, ci_test_legacycomparison, ci_test_noglobaludls, ci_test_disableenumserialization, ci_test_disabletuplereferenceconversion, ci_test_skiplibraryversioncheck, ci_test_simdutf, ci_test_strict_nul_handling, ci_test_delete_deprecated_functions, ci_test_no_thread_local]
+    steps:
+      - name: Install build-essential
+        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y build-essential unzip wget git
+      # the CMake 3.5.0 release binary that ci_cmake_flags downloads links
+      # against libidn.so.11, which Ubuntu 24.04 no longer ships
+      - name: Install libidn11 for CMake 3.5.0
+        if: matrix.target == 'ci_cmake_flags'
+        run: |
+          wget -q http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libi/libidn/libidn11_1.33-2.2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
+          dpkg -i libidn11_1.33-2.2ubuntu2_amd64.deb
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
 
   ci_test_coverage:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     steps:
       - name: Harden Runner
@@ -529,8 +208,128 @@ jobs:
           path-to-lcov: ${{ github.workspace }}/build/json.info.filtered.noexcept
           fail-on-error: false
 
+  ci_test_compilers_gcc_old:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        compiler: ['4.8', '4.9', '5', '6']
+    # official gcc:4.8/4.9/5/6 images fail to check out code (too old for
+    # actions/checkout); install the old compilers on top of official ubuntu:20.04
+    # instead, mirroring what the (now retired) custom json-ci image did.
+    container: ubuntu:20.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install g++-${{ matrix.compiler }}
+        run: |
+          export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends software-properties-common ca-certificates gnupg make git
+          # add-apt-repository resolves the PPA through the Launchpad API,
+          # which intermittently times out or fails the team lookup (the plain
+          # "deb ..." sources below never hit Launchpad and never flake).
+          # Retry with backoff so a transient Launchpad blip does not fail CI.
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test && break
+            echo "::warning::add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test failed (attempt ${attempt}/5); retrying"
+            sleep $((attempt * 10))
+          done
+          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main"
+          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe"
+          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main"
+          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe"
+          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main"
+          apt-add-repository -y "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe"
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends g++-${{ matrix.compiler }}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: CXX=g++-${{ matrix.compiler }} cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_g++-${{ matrix.compiler }}
+
+  ci_test_compilers_gcc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # older GCC docker images (4, 5, 6) fail to check out code
+        compiler: ['7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', 'latest']
+    container: gcc:${{ matrix.compiler }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_default
+
+  ci_test_compilers_clang:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        compiler: ['3.4', '3.5', '3.6', '3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15-bullseye', '16', '17', '18', '19', '20', '21', '22', 'latest']
+    container: silkeh/clang:${{ matrix.compiler }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Disable filesystem support (std::filesystem is unusable) for clang 7 / 8 / 9 / 10
+        run: echo "JSON_FORCED_GLOBAL_COMPILE_OPTIONS=-DJSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM=0;-DJSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM=0" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        if: ${{ matrix.compiler == '7' || matrix.compiler == '8' || matrix.compiler == '9' || matrix.compiler == '10' }}
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_default
+
+  ci_test_standards_gcc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: gcc:latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        standard: [11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_gcc_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
+
+  ci_test_standards_clang:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: silkeh/clang:latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        standard: [11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26]
+        stdlib: [libcxx, libstdcxx]
+    steps:
+      - name: Install git and unzip
+        run: apt-get update ; apt-get install -y git unzip
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build with libc++
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_clang_libcxx_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.stdlib == 'libcxx' }}
+      - name: Build with libstdc++
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_clang_cxx${{ matrix.standard }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.stdlib == 'libstdcxx' }}
+
   ci_cuda_example:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -553,8 +352,37 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: cmake --build build --target ci_cuda_example
 
+  ci_module_cpp20:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        container: ['gcc:latest', 'silkeh/clang:latest']
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: ${{ matrix.container }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      # The module test uses `import std;`, which needs CMake's experimental
+      # import-std support. Its opt-in token is CMake-version-specific, so pin
+      # CMake to the version whose token is set in tests/module_cpp20/CMakeLists.txt.
+      - name: Get pinned CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+        with:
+          cmakeVersion: 4.3.4
+      # Clang: the std library module is provided by libc++ (the image's libstdc++
+      # ships none), and the image's libc++ module manifest has a broken relative
+      # path — repoint it at the real module sources.
+      - name: Use libc++ and fix its module manifest path (Clang)
+        if: matrix.container == 'silkeh/clang:latest'
+        run: |
+          echo "CXXFLAGS=-stdlib=libc++" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          mkdir -p /usr/lib/share && ln -sf /usr/lib/llvm-*/share/libc++ /usr/lib/share/libc++
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ci_module_cpp20
+
   ci_icpc:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     # Intel discontinued the classic icc/icpc compiler in oneAPI 2024.0; this is
     # Intel's own last officially published image that still includes it.
@@ -574,7 +402,6 @@ jobs:
         run: cmake --build build --target ci_icpc
 
   ci_icpx:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: intel/oneapi-hpckit:latest
     steps:
@@ -589,7 +416,6 @@ jobs:
         run: cmake --build build --target ci_icpx
 
   ci_nvhpc:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: nvcr.io/nvidia/nvhpc:25.5-devel-cuda12.9-ubuntu22.04
     steps:
@@ -603,10 +429,54 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: cmake --build build --target ci_nvhpc
 
+  ci_emscripten:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Harden Runner
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - name: Install emscripten
+        uses: mymindstorm/setup-emsdk@4528d102f7230f0e7b276855c01ea1159be0e984 # v16
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Get latest CMake and ninja
+        uses: lukka/get-cmake@a89e43e22a96abafcd7a62db652a65ecd33052c9 # v4.4.4
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$EMSDK/upstream/emscripten/cmake/Modules/Platform/Emscripten.cmake -GNinja
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build
+
+  ci_test_documentation:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        target: [ci_test_examples, ci_test_build_documentation, ci_test_documentation_mermaid]
+    steps:
+      - name: Harden Runner
+        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
+        with:
+          egress-policy: audit
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          # the git-revision-date-localized plugin needs the history; a shallow clone makes the strict build fail
+          fetch-depth: ${{ matrix.target == 'ci_test_build_documentation' && '0' || '1' }}
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@949feb2413d6458794dcd2491c4babbbce0c15c1 # v7.1.0
+        if: matrix.target == 'ci_test_documentation_mermaid'
+        with:
+          node-version: 24
+      - name: Run CMake
+        run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
   # Native Linux ARM64 runner with the latest GCC. The ubuntu-24.04-arm label is
   # only available for public repositories.
   ci_test_arm64:
-    if: *nightly_set
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
     container: gcc:latest
     steps:
@@ -621,33 +491,3 @@ jobs:
         run: cmake -S . -B build -DJSON_CI=On
       - name: Build
         run: cmake --build build --target ci_test_compiler_default
-
-  # A failure of a scheduled run opens an issue, or comments on the open one.
-  nightly_report:
-    needs: [ci_infer, ci_static_analysis_ubuntu_nightly, ci_test_coverage, ci_cuda_example, ci_icpc, ci_icpx, ci_nvhpc, ci_test_arm64]
-    if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'schedule' && contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Harden Runner
-        uses: step-security/harden-runner@dc2769abcc0fcfbadfc1df54081c1608579ef6b2 # v2.22.2
-        with:
-          egress-policy: audit
-
-      - name: Open or update the nightly failure issue
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
-          WORKFLOW: ${{ github.workflow }}
-          SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
-        run: |
-          title="Nightly CI failure (${WORKFLOW})"
-          body="The nightly run of ${WORKFLOW} on ${SHA:0:10} failed: ${RUN_URL}"
-          number=$(gh issue list --state open --search "in:title \"${title}\"" --json number,title --jq "map(select(.title == \"${title}\")) | .[0].number // empty")
-          if [ -n "$number" ]; then
-            gh issue comment "$number" --body "$body"
-          else
-            gh issue create --title "$title" --body "$body"
-          fi

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -7,25 +7,6 @@ on:
       - master
       - release/*
   pull_request:
-    # Skip pull requests that change only files no job here reads. The list is checked by
-    # tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py (repository_checks.yml); change both together.
-    paths:
-      - '**'
-      - '!docs/**'
-      - '!**.md'
-      - '!.github/*'
-      - '!.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/**'
-      - '!.github/external_ci/**'
-      - '!.github/workflows/**'
-      - '!.reuse/**'
-      - '!LICENSES/**'
-      - '!CITATION.cff'
-      - '!REUSE.toml'
-      # read by tools/check_build_options in the ci_meson_install job (ubuntu.yml)
-      - 'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md'
-      # built by the swiftpm job (macos.yml)
-      - 'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/swift/**'
-      - '.github/workflows/windows.yml'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 permissions:

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/at.md

@@ -68,9 +68,10 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
     - Throws [`out_of_range.404`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) if `ptr` cannot be resolved
       because a reference token is used on a primitive value.
 
-None of these exceptions carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) these exceptions name the JSON
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+Pointer path of the value within the document, and with
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+[`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) its bytes in the source text (when
+[`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/back.md

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
 Throws [`invalid_iterator.214`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214) if the view is
 [null](is_null.md) or [discarded](is_discarded.md), or if it is an empty array or object.
 
-This exception does not carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) the exception names the JSON Pointer
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+path of the value within the document, and with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md)
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+its bytes in the source text (when [`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/front.md

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
 Throws [`invalid_iterator.214`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator214) if the view is
 [null](is_null.md) or [discarded](is_discarded.md), or if it is an empty array or object.
 
-This exception does not carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) the exception names the JSON Pointer
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+path of the value within the document, and with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md)
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+its bytes in the source text (when [`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/get.md

@@ -80,14 +80,13 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
 - For every other `T`: whatever [`materialize().get<T>()`](../basic_json/get.md) throws — typically `type_error.302`,
   or whatever a user-provided `from_json()` throws.
 
-None of the exceptions thrown directly by this function or by a `from_json()` that reads the view (the first four
+The exceptions thrown directly by this function or by a `from_json()` that reads the view (the first four bullets
-bullets above) carry a
+above) carry the context of those of `BasicJsonType`: with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) the
-[`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no `BasicJsonType` value to point at. An
+JSON Pointer path of the value within the document, and with
-exception thrown while converting through `materialize()` (the last bullet) is different: it is thrown by a real
+[`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) its bytes in the source text. An exception
-`BasicJsonType` value, so it **does** carry a `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` path if `BasicJsonType` was built with it enabled.
+thrown while converting through `materialize()` (the last bullet) is thrown by the materialized `BasicJsonType` value
-That path is relative to the root of the view's subtree, because `materialize()` builds only the subtree (with parent
+instead: its path is relative to the root of the view's subtree, because `materialize()` builds only the subtree
-pointers): it is empty if the failing value is the subtree's root itself, and it never is the path within the whole
+(with parent pointers), so it is empty if the failing value is the subtree's root itself.
-document.
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/get_string.md

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
 Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if the value is not a string; example:
 `"type must be string, but is array"`.
 
-This exception does not carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) the exception names the JSON Pointer
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+path of the value within the document, and with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md)
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+its bytes in the source text (when [`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/number_token.md

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
 Throws [`type_error.302`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptiontype_error302) if the value is not a number; example:
 `"type must be number, but is string"`.
 
-This exception does not carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) the exception names the JSON Pointer
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+path of the value within the document, and with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md)
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+its bytes in the source text (when [`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/operator[].md

@@ -73,9 +73,10 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
     - [`parse_error.109`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error109) if an array index in `ptr` is not a
       number.
 
-None of these exceptions carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) these exceptions name the JSON
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+Pointer path of the value within the document, and with
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+[`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) its bytes in the source text (when
+[`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json_view/value.md

@@ -61,9 +61,10 @@ Strong guarantee: there are no changes to the view or the document it refers to.
    `default_value` instead of throwing, exactly as [`BasicJsonType::value`](../basic_json/value.md) catches
    `out_of_range` and returns `default_value`.
 
-None of these exceptions carry a [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) path: the view has no
+As for `BasicJsonType`, with [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../macros/json_diagnostics.md) these exceptions name the JSON
-`BasicJsonType` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, even if `BasicJsonType` was built with
+Pointer path of the value within the document, and with
-`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` enabled.
+[`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md) its bytes in the source text (when
+[`materialize()`](materialize.md) sets them).
 
 ## Complexity
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/community/quality_assurance.md

@@ -13,72 +13,6 @@ describe each of them.
 
 <p class="nj-caption" markdown>The checks grouped by the stage at which they run, from push or pull request through the merge into develop to a release. The badge on each card says whether the check runs on every push or PR, on a schedule, or continuously.</p>
 
-## How CI runs
-
-Not every job runs for every change. The compiler jobs on Ubuntu are split into three sets, so a pull request gets fast
-feedback and the long jobs run when they matter:
-
-| Set         | When it runs                                                                                                      | What it contains                                                                                                                                                                       |
-|-------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| PR set      | every push to a pull request, and every push to `develop`, `master`, and `release/*`                              | GCC and Clang with all warnings, Clang-Tidy, sanitizers, IWYU, cpplint, the oldest and newest GCC and Clang, common CMake options, Meson, Emscripten; with the checks that always run, they would have caught at least 92 % of the failing commits of September and October 2026 |
-| full set    | after the PR set passed: on pull requests with the label :rocket: ready to merge, and on every push                | every other compiler, version, C++ standard, and CMake option, the Clang Static Analyzer, Cppcheck, and the C++20 module tests                                                         |
-| nightly set | every night on `develop`, on every push to `master` and `release/*`, and when started by hand                      | Infer, Valgrind, coverage, the Intel and NVIDIA compilers, CUDA, and ARM64; a failure opens an issue                                                                                    |
-
-The jobs on macOS and Windows, the documentation and license checks, and the amalgamation check run on every push and
-pull request. A pull request that changes only the documentation, Markdown files, GitHub metadata, or license files
-skips the compiler workflows (see [`tools/check_path_filters`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/check_path_filters)).
-
-A maintainer adds the label :rocket: ready to merge when a pull request is ready; the full set then runs, and again on
-every later push to that pull request. A pull request is merged only when the full set passed.
-
-??? abstract "Jobs of the compiler workflows and their sets"
-
-    The table is generated by [`tools/ci_jobs`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tools/ci_jobs), which
-    also checks in CI that it is up to date and that every job belongs to exactly one set.
-
-    <!-- ci_jobs: begin -->
-    | Set | Workflow | Job | Configurations |
-    |-----|----------|-----|----------------|
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_gcc` | - |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_meson_install` | - |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_static_analysis_ubuntu` | ci_cpplint |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_static_analysis_clang` | ci_test_clang; ci_clang_tidy; ci_test_clang_sanitizer; ci_single_binaries |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_cmake_options` | ci_test_diagnostics; ci_test_diagnostic_positions; ci_test_noexceptions; ci_test_noglobaludls |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_compilers_gcc_old` | 4.8 |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_compilers_clang` | 3.4 |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_standards_gcc` | 26 |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_standards_clang` | 26, libcxx |
-    | PR set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_emscripten` | - |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_static_analysis_ubuntu_full` | ci_test_single_header; ci_cppcheck; ci_reproducible_tests; ci_non_git_tests; ci_offline_testdata |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_static_analysis_clang_full` | ci_clang_analyze |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_cmake_options_full` | ci_cmake_flags; ci_test_noimplicitconversions; ci_test_legacycomparison; ci_test_disableenumserialization; ci_test_disabletuplereferenceconversion; ci_test_skiplibraryversioncheck; ci_test_simdutf; ci_test_strict_nul_handling; ci_test_delete_deprecated_functions; ci_test_no_thread_local |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_compilers_gcc_old_full` | 4.9; 5; 6 |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_compilers_gcc_full` | 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; latest |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_compilers_clang_full` | 3.5; 3.6; 3.7; 3.8; 3.9; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15-bullseye; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; latest |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_standards_gcc_full` | 11; 14; 17; 20; 23 |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_standards_clang_full` | 11, libcxx; 11, libstdcxx; 14, libcxx; 14, libstdcxx; 17, libcxx; 17, libstdcxx; 20, libcxx; 20, libstdcxx; 23, libcxx; 23, libstdcxx; 26, libstdcxx |
-    | full set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_module_cpp20` | gcc:latest; silkeh/clang:latest |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_infer` | - |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_static_analysis_ubuntu_nightly` | ci_test_valgrind |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_coverage` | - |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_cuda_example` | 11.8.0; 12.1.1; 12.6.3 |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_icpc` | - |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_icpx` | - |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_nvhpc` | - |
-    | nightly set | ubuntu.yml | `ci_test_arm64` | - |
-    | every push and PR | macos.yml | `macos-15` | 16.0; 16.1; 16.2; 16.3; 16.4; 26.0.1; 26.1.1; 26.2; 26.3 |
-    | every push and PR | macos.yml | `macos-26` | 26.4.1; 26.5; 26.6 |
-    | every push and PR | macos.yml | `xcode_standards` | 11; 14; 17; 20; 23; 26 |
-    | every push and PR | macos.yml | `swiftpm` | - |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `mingw` | x64; x86 |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `msvc` | Debug, Win32, default; Debug, Win32, latest; Debug, x64, default; Debug, x64, latest; Release, Win32, default; Release, Win32, latest; Release, x64, default; Release, x64, latest |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `msvc-vs2026` | Debug, Win32, default; Debug, Win32, latest; Debug, x64, default; Debug, x64, latest; Release, Win32, default; Release, Win32, latest; Release, x64, default; Release, x64, latest |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `msvc-arm64` | Debug; Release |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `clang` | 11.0.1; 12.0.1; 13.0.1; 14.0.6; 15.0.7; 16.0.6; 18.1.8; 19.1.7; 20.1.8 |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `clang-cl` | Win32; x64 |
-    | every push and PR | windows.yml | `ci_module_cpp20` | - |
-    <!-- ci_jobs: end -->
-
 ## C++ language compliance and compiler compatibility
 
 !!! success "Requirement: Compiler support"

docs/mkdocs/docs/features/json_view.md

@@ -134,9 +134,21 @@ document: `#!cpp auto v = json_document::parse(text).root();` does not compile.
 - **Macros.** [`JSON_STRICT_NUL_HANDLING`](../api/macros/json_strict_nul_handling.md) and
   [`JSON_NOEXCEPTION`](../api/macros/json_noexception.md)/[`JSON_THROW_USER`](../api/macros/json_throw_user.md)
   behave the same way they do for `<nlohmann/json.hpp>`. These are the macros that change what the parser accepts or
-  how it reports errors. The others either do not apply ([`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../api/macros/json_diagnostics.md)
+  how it reports errors. Two more macros add context to the exceptions of views, as they do for those of
-  needs parent pointers in `basic_json` values) or only affect the values `materialize()` produces, through
+  `#!cpp basic_json`:
-  `BasicJsonType`.
+
+    - With [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../api/macros/json_diagnostics.md), an exception names the JSON Pointer path of the
+      value within the document.
+    - With [`JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS`](../api/macros/json_diagnostic_positions.md), an exception names the bytes of
+      the value in the source text.
+
+    A view has neither parent pointers nor stored positions, so both are found from the document's index when the
+    exception is thrown. This takes time linear in the size of the document. One exception has neither:
+    `key()` of an iterator over an array or a primitive value
+    ([`invalid_iterator.207`](../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207)), because a view's iterator does
+    not know the value it iterates over.
+
+    The other macros only affect the values `materialize()` produces, through `BasicJsonType`.
 
 ## What is different
 
@@ -167,10 +179,6 @@ document: `#!cpp auto v = json_document::parse(text).root();` does not compile.
   [`at`](../api/basic_json_view/at.md) throws for every missing value.
 - **Duplicate keys: lookups find the first member, `parse()` keeps the last.** See [Duplicate keys](#duplicate-keys)
   below.
-- **No [`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../api/macros/json_diagnostics.md) path.** Exceptions thrown by `basic_json_view`'s own
-  element access and lookup functions never carry the JSON Pointer path `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS` would otherwise add: the
-  view has no `basic_json` value to point at, so the exception is created without one, regardless of how
-  `BasicJsonType` was built.
 - **Ordering comparisons are not provided** by `basic_json_view` — there is no `#!cpp operator<`.
   [`operator==`](../api/basic_json_view/operator_eq.md) and [`operator!=`](../api/basic_json_view/operator_ne.md) are
   provided, though: two views, or a view and a `BasicJsonType` value, compare equal exactly when
@@ -329,14 +337,10 @@ Its body may only use what views and `basic_json` have in common: the type check
 a view does not have; such a type is converted through `materialize()`. A `from_json()` for `json` only is
 converted through `materialize()` as well.
 
-Two things differ when a `from_json()` reads the view:
+One thing differs when a `from_json()` reads the view: members looked up by name (`at()`, `value()`, ... and thus
-
+the macros) find the **first** member with a repeated key, see [Duplicate keys](#duplicate-keys);
-- **Duplicate keys.** Members looked up by name (`at()`, `value()`, ... and thus the macros) find the **first** member
+`#!cpp materialize().get<T>()` would see the last one. Containers built from an object, such as `#!cpp std::map`,
-  with a repeated key, see [Duplicate keys](#duplicate-keys); `#!cpp materialize().get<T>()` would see the last one.
+keep the **last** value either way, as [`parse()`](../api/basic_json/parse.md) does.
-  Containers built from an object, such as `#!cpp std::map`, keep the **last** value either way, as
-  [`parse()`](../api/basic_json/parse.md) does.
-- **[`JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../api/macros/json_diagnostics.md).** Exceptions thrown by the view carry no path to the
-  value.
 
 `to_json()` is unaffected: it writes `basic_json` values, never views.
 

docs/mkdocs/docs/images/qa_pipeline.svg

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+<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="651">Static analysis</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="716" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="662" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="730">every push / PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="676">every push / PR</text>
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+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--sched" x="156.5" y="662" width="72.7" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="192.85" y="730">scheduled</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="192.85" y="676">scheduled</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="758">Clang-Tidy, Cppcheck, Infer</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="704">Clang-Tidy, Cppcheck, Infer</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="776">Clang Static Analyzer (52</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="722">Clang Static Analyzer (52</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="794">checkers), I&#8203;WYU, Codacy</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="740">checkers), I&#8203;WYU, Codacy</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="812">CodeQL, Semgrep, Flawfinder</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="758">CodeQL, Semgrep, Flawfinder</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="830">(also scheduled); Infer nightly</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="776">(also scheduled)</text>
 </g>
 <g class="nj-exceptions-card">
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="858" width="308" height="166" rx="8"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="804" width="308" height="166" rx="8"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="883">Dynamic analysis</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="829">Dynamic analysis</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="894" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="840" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="908">every push / PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="854">every push / PR</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--sched" x="156.5" y="894" width="60.1" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="882">runtime assertions</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="186.55" y="908">nightly</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="900">Valgrind (Memcheck)</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="936">runtime assertions</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="918">address and undefined behavior</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="954">Valgrind (Memcheck), nightly</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="936">sanitizers, integer overflow,</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="972">address and undefined behavior</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="954">nullability violations</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="990">sanitizers, integer overflow,</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1008">nullability violations</text>
 </g>
 <g class="nj-exceptions-card">
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="1036" width="308" height="148" rx="8"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="982" width="308" height="148" rx="8"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1061">Fuzzing</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1007">Fuzzing</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1072" width="66.4" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1018" width="66.4" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="73.2" y="1086">every PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="73.2" y="1032">every PR</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--cont" x="112.4" y="1072" width="79" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--cont" x="112.4" y="1018" width="79" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--cont" x="151.9" y="1086">continuous</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--cont" x="151.9" y="1032">continuous</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1114">CIFuzz on every pull request</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1060">CIFuzz on every pull request</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1132">OSS-Fuzz: billions of inputs</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1078">OSS-Fuzz: billions of inputs</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1150">every crash fixed with a</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1096">every crash fixed with a</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1168">reproducing unit test</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1114">reproducing unit test</text>
 </g>
 <g class="nj-exceptions-card">
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="1196" width="308" height="130" rx="8"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="1142" width="308" height="130" rx="8"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1221">Style</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1167">Style</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1232" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1178" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="1246">every push / PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="1192">every push / PR</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1274">Artistic Style (astyle),</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1220">Artistic Style (astyle),</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1292">enforced in the C&#8203;I</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1238">enforced in the C&#8203;I</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1310">cpplint with 61 rules</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1256">cpplint with 61 rules</text>
 </g>
 <g class="nj-exceptions-card">
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="1338" width="308" height="166" rx="8"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="1284" width="308" height="166" rx="8"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1363">Docs and examples</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1309">Docs and examples</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1374" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1320" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="1388">every push / PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="1334">every push / PR</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--sched" x="156.5" y="1374" width="72.7" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--sched" x="156.5" y="1320" width="72.7" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="192.85" y="1388">scheduled</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="192.85" y="1334">scheduled</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1416">every documentation example is</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1362">every documentation example is</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1434">tested; changed output fails</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1380">tested; changed output fails</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1452">site built with warnings</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1398">site built with warnings</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1470">as errors; links checked</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1416">as errors; links checked</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1488">regularly (scheduled)</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1434">regularly (scheduled)</text>
 </g>
 <g class="nj-exceptions-card">
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+<rect class="nj-exceptions-box" x="26" y="1462" width="308" height="166" rx="8"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1541">Integration, supply chain</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-ctitle" x="40" y="1487">Integration, supply chain</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1552" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--push" x="40" y="1498" width="110.5" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="1566">every push / PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--push" x="95.25" y="1512">every push / PR</text>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--sched" x="156.5" y="1552" width="72.7" height="20" rx="10"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-badge nj-exceptions-badge--sched" x="156.5" y="1498" width="72.7" height="20" rx="10"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="192.85" y="1566">scheduled</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-badgetext nj-exceptions-badgetext--sched" x="192.85" y="1512">scheduled</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1594">CMake 3.5, 3.31.6, and 4.0.0</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1540">CMake 3.5, 3.31.6, and 4.0.0</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1612">Meson, Swift Package Manager</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1558">Meson, Swift Package Manager</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1630">dependency review on every PR</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1576">dependency review on every PR</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1648">Dependabot daily, OpenSSF</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1594">Dependabot daily, OpenSSF</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1666">Scorecard, R&#8203;EUSE</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-line" x="40" y="1612">Scorecard, R&#8203;EUSE</text>
 </g>
-<line class="nj-exceptions-edge" x1="180" y1="1696" x2="180" y2="1722" marker-end="url(#nj-qa-arrow-n)"/>
+<line class="nj-exceptions-edge" x1="180" y1="1642" x2="180" y2="1668" marker-end="url(#nj-qa-arrow-n)"/>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-stage nj-exceptions-stage--merge" x="65" y="1724" width="230" height="34" rx="17"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-stage nj-exceptions-stage--merge" x="65" y="1670" width="230" height="34" rx="17"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-stagetext" x="180" y="1746">merge into develop</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-stagetext" x="180" y="1692">merge into develop</text>
-<line class="nj-exceptions-edge" x1="180" y1="1758" x2="180" y2="1784" marker-end="url(#nj-qa-arrow-n)"/>
+<line class="nj-exceptions-edge" x1="180" y1="1704" x2="180" y2="1730" marker-end="url(#nj-qa-arrow-n)"/>
-<rect class="nj-exceptions-stage nj-exceptions-stage--merge" x="30" y="1786" width="300" height="46" rx="23"/>
+<rect class="nj-exceptions-stage nj-exceptions-stage--merge" x="30" y="1732" width="300" height="46" rx="23"/>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-stagetext" x="180" y="1808">release</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-stagetext" x="180" y="1754">release</text>
-<text class="nj-exceptions-stagesub" x="180" y="1824">no open vulnerability alert</text>
+<text class="nj-exceptions-stagesub" x="180" y="1770">no open vulnerability alert</text>
 </svg>

docs/mkdocs/scripts/figures/qa_pipeline.py

@@ -22,24 +22,19 @@ P = "nj-exceptions-"
 TRIGGERS = {
     "push": ("every push / PR", "push"),
     "pr": ("every PR", "push"),
-    "merge": ("before merge", "push"),
-    "nightly": ("nightly", "sched"),
     "sched": ("scheduled", "sched"),
     "cont": ("continuous", "cont"),
 }
 
 # title, triggers, lines (at most 31 characters, so they fit a card of the three-column drawing)
 LANES = [
-    ("Build matrix", ["push", "merge"], [
+    ("Build matrix", ["push"], [
         "50+ compilers: GCC, Clang, MSVC,",
         "AppleClang, Intel, NVIDIA, ...",
         "C++11, 14, 17, 20, 23, and 26",
         "libc++ and libstdc++",
         "warnings: Clang -Weverything,",
         "GCC 300+ warnings",
-        "a subset on every push and PR,",
-        "all before merge; Intel, NVIDIA,",
-        "CUDA, and ARM64 nightly",
     ]),
     ("Unit tests (doctest)", ["push"], [
         "every public API function",
@@ -49,7 +44,7 @@ LANES = [
         "custom number, string, array,",
         "and object types",
     ]),
-    ("Coverage", ["nightly"], [
+    ("Coverage", ["push"], [
         "unit tests cover all lines",
         "of the code base",
     ]),
@@ -58,11 +53,11 @@ LANES = [
         "Clang Static Analyzer (52",
         "checkers), IWYU, Codacy",
         "CodeQL, Semgrep, Flawfinder",
-        "(also scheduled); Infer nightly",
+        "(also scheduled)",
     ]),
-    ("Dynamic analysis", ["push", "nightly"], [
+    ("Dynamic analysis", ["push"], [
         "runtime assertions",
-        "Valgrind (Memcheck), nightly",
+        "Valgrind (Memcheck)",
         "address and undefined behavior",
         "sanitizers, integer overflow,",
         "nullability violations",
@@ -183,7 +178,7 @@ def drawing(W, cols, suffix):
     defs = ('<defs><marker id="%s" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="7" markerHeight="7" orient="auto">'
             '<path class="fg-head" d="M0 1 L10 5 L0 9 z"/></marker></defs>' % mid)
     tid, did = "nj-qa-title-" + suffix, "nj-qa-desc-" + suffix
-    desc = ("A push or pull request starts these checks; the badges say when each runs: " +
+    desc = ("Every push or pull request starts these checks in parallel: " +
             "; ".join("%s (%s): %s" % (t, ", ".join(TRIGGERS[k][0] for k in trig), " ".join(lines)) for t, trig, lines in LANES) +
             ". When they pass, the change is merged into develop; a release is made only when no vulnerability alert is open.")
     out = ['<svg class="nj-fig %sqa %sqa--%s" viewBox="0 0 %d %d" role="img" aria-labelledby="%s %s" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">'

include/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp

@@ -431,6 +431,28 @@ std::nullptr_t exception_context(const View& /*unused*/) noexcept
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+namespace view
+{
+// the path and bytes of the value of a view (defined in <nlohmann/detail/view/errors.hpp>)
+template<typename View>
+std::string diagnostics_of(const View& v);
+}  // namespace view
+
+// what goes in front of the message of an exception about j: nothing for a
+// basic_json value (exception_context() passes the value itself), the context
+// basic_json would add (JSON_DIAGNOSTICS, JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS) for a view
+template<typename BasicJsonType, enable_if_t<is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value, int> = 0>
+const char* exception_prefix(const BasicJsonType& /*unused*/) noexcept
+{
+    return "";
+}
+
+template<typename View, enable_if_t<is_json_view<View>::value, int> = 0>
+std::string exception_prefix(const View& v)
+{
+    return view::diagnostics_of(v);
+}
+
 /*!
 @brief throws because @a j does not have the type a conversion expects
 @param[in] expected  the expected type(s), e.g. "array" or "binary or array"
@@ -442,7 +464,7 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE void throw_type_must_be(const cha
 {
     static_cast<void>(expected); // unused when JSON_NOEXCEPTION is defined
     static_cast<void>(j);
-    JSON_THROW(type_error::create(exception_id::type_mismatch, concat("type must be ", expected, ", but is ", j.type_name()), exception_context(j)));
+    JSON_THROW(type_error::create(exception_id::type_mismatch, concat(exception_prefix(j), "type must be ", expected, ", but is ", j.type_name()), exception_context(j)));
 }
 
 /*!

include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
             return ej_pair.second == j;                                                         \
         });                                                                                     \
         if (it != std::end(m)) e = it->first;                                                   \
-        else ::nlohmann::detail::templated_json_throw<nlohmann::detail::out_of_range>(nlohmann::detail::out_of_range::create(nlohmann::detail::exception_id::value_out_of_range, nlohmann::detail::concat("enum value out of range for " #ENUM_TYPE ": ", nlohmann::detail::from_json_dump(j)), nlohmann::detail::exception_context(j))); \
+        else ::nlohmann::detail::templated_json_throw<nlohmann::detail::out_of_range>(nlohmann::detail::out_of_range::create(nlohmann::detail::exception_id::value_out_of_range, nlohmann::detail::concat(nlohmann::detail::exception_prefix(j), "enum value out of range for " #ENUM_TYPE ": ", nlohmann::detail::from_json_dump(j)), nlohmann::detail::exception_context(j))); \
     }
 
 // Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They

include/nlohmann/detail/view/edit.hpp

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class editor
         node* const o = own(object);
         if (o->kind != node_kind::object && o->kind != node_kind::null)
         {
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with ", object.type_name());
+            throw_type_error(site_of(object), exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with ", object.type_name());
         }
         check_utf8(key.data(), key.size());
         const encoded e = encode(std::forward<V>(value));
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ class editor
         node* const a = own(array);
         if (a->kind != node_kind::array)
         {
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with ", array.type_name());
+            throw_type_error(site_of(array), exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with ", array.type_name());
         }
-        check_index(idx, a->len);
+        check_index(a, idx, a->len);
         const encoded e = encode(std::forward<V>(value));
         node* const slot = const_cast<node*>(nav::value(element_at<true>(m_doc, a, idx))); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast)
         assign(slot, e, a, true);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class editor
         node* const a = own(array);
         if (a->kind != node_kind::array && a->kind != node_kind::null)
         {
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::push_back_wrong_type, "cannot use push_back() with ", array.type_name());
+            throw_type_error(site_of(array), exception_id::push_back_wrong_type, "cannot use push_back() with ", array.type_name());
         }
         const encoded e = encode(std::forward<V>(value));
         if (a->kind == node_kind::null)
@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@ class editor
         node* const a = own(array);
         if (a->kind != node_kind::array)
         {
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::insert_wrong_type, "cannot use insert() with ", array.type_name());
+            throw_type_error(site_of(array), exception_id::insert_wrong_type, "cannot use insert() with ", array.type_name());
         }
-        check_index(idx, a->len + 1);
+        check_index(a, idx, a->len + 1);
         const encoded e = encode(std::forward<V>(value));
         node* const slot = new_slot(e);
         node* const h = block_of(m_doc, a, 1);
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class editor
         node* const o = own(object);
         if (o->kind != node_kind::object)
         {
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::erase_wrong_type, "cannot use erase() with ", object.type_name());
+            throw_type_error(site_of(object), exception_id::erase_wrong_type, "cannot use erase() with ", object.type_name());
         }
         for (const node* k = nav::first(m_doc, o), *end = nav::end(m_doc, o); k != end; k = document_data::after(k + 1))
         {
@@ -287,9 +287,9 @@ class editor
         node* const a = own(array);
         if (a->kind != node_kind::array)
         {
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::erase_wrong_type, "cannot use erase() with ", array.type_name());
+            throw_type_error(site_of(array), exception_id::erase_wrong_type, "cannot use erase() with ", array.type_name());
         }
-        check_index(idx, a->len);
+        check_index(a, idx, a->len);
         node* const h = block_of(m_doc, a, 0);
         std::memmove(h + 1 + idx, h + 2 + idx, (h->next - 2 - idx) * sizeof(node));
         --h->next;
@@ -316,11 +316,11 @@ class editor
         return const_cast<node*>(v.m_node); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast): the nodes belong to this document
     }
 
-    static void check_index(std::size_t idx, std::size_t limit)
+    void check_index(const node* array, std::size_t idx, std::size_t limit) const
     {
         if (idx >= limit)
         {
-            throw_array_index_out_of_range(idx);
+            throw_array_index_out_of_range(error_site(&m_doc, array), idx);
         }
     }
 

include/nlohmann/detail/view/errors.hpp

@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@
 
 #include <algorithm> // min
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
-#include <string> // string
+#include <string> // string, to_string
+#include <vector> // vector
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/view/builder.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/document_data.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/detail/view/macro_scope.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/materialize.hpp>
+#include <nlohmann/detail/view/node.hpp>
 
 NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 namespace detail
@@ -22,8 +26,292 @@ namespace detail
 namespace view
 {
 
+/*!
+@brief the value an exception is about
+
+basic_json passes the value to the exception, which then names its path
+(JSON_DIAGNOSTICS) and its bytes in the source (JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS). A
+view's value has no parent pointer and no stored positions: both are found
+from the document and the node, when the exception is thrown (so only the
+error path pays for them). Without the two macros, a site is empty.
+*/
+class error_site
+{
+  public:
+    error_site() noexcept = default;
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS || JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
+    error_site(const document_data* d, const node* n) noexcept
+        : m_doc(d), m_node(n)
+    {}
+
+    const document_data* doc() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_doc;
+    }
+    const node* value() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_node;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    const document_data* m_doc = nullptr;
+    const node* m_node = nullptr;
+#else
+    error_site(const document_data* /*d*/, const node* /*n*/) noexcept {}
+#endif
+};
+
+/// the site of a view's value (the views make this a friend)
+struct view_access
+{
+    template<typename View>
+    static error_site site(const View& v) noexcept
+    {
+        return error_site(v.m_doc, v.m_node);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename View>
+error_site site_of(const View& v) noexcept
+{
+    static_assert(is_json_view<View>::value, "the site of a value is only defined for views");
+    return view_access::site(v);
+}
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+/*!
+@brief the JSON pointer tokens from the root of document @a d to node @a target
+
+Nodes have no parent index, so the path is found by descending from the root:
+before the first edit, only into the subtree that contains the target (a
+container spans the next `next` nodes); after edits, elements can live in
+other sequences, so every container is searched. Iterative (the nesting depth
+is limited by memory only). False if the target is not found (then tokens is
+unspecified).
+*/
+template<bool Editable>
+bool value_path(const document_data& d, const node* target, std::vector<std::string>& tokens)
+{
+    using nav = navigation<Editable>;
+    struct frame
+    {
+        const node* pos;
+        const node* end;
+        std::size_t index;
+        bool object;
+    };
+    const node* const root = d.nodes;
+    if (target == root)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (!is_container(*root))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::vector<frame> stack;
+    stack.push_back(frame{nav::first(d, root), nav::end(d, root), 0, root->kind == node_kind::object});
+    // (tokens[i] leads from stack[i] to stack[i + 1], or to the target)
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        // (f is not used after the stack changes: pop_back() below, push_back() at the end)
+        frame& f = stack.back();
+        if (f.pos == f.end)
+        {
+            stack.pop_back();
+            if (stack.empty())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            tokens.pop_back();
+            continue;
+        }
+        const node* entry = f.pos;
+        std::string token;
+        if (f.object)
+        {
+            // (as basic_json: the key up to a null byte)
+            token.assign(d.str(*entry), entry->len);
+            const std::size_t nul = token.find('\0');
+            if (nul != std::string::npos)
+            {
+                token.resize(nul);
+            }
+            ++entry;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            token = std::to_string(f.index);
+        }
+        const node* const child = nav::value(entry);
+        if (child == target)
+        {
+            tokens.push_back(token);
+            return true;
+        }
+        f.pos = document_data::after(entry);
+        ++f.index;
+        if (is_container(*child) && (nav::editable() || (target > child && target < child + child->next)))
+        {
+            tokens.push_back(token);
+            stack.push_back(frame{nav::first(d, child), nav::end(d, child), 0, child->kind == node_kind::object});
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
+/*!
+@brief the bytes [start, end) of node @a n in the source, as materialize() sets them
+
+Scalars as position_source::set_scalar; an array or object from its opening
+bracket to its closing bracket, which is found by following the chain of last
+elements to a scalar (or an empty container) and scanning from there to the
+closing brackets. None (npos) for values written by edits, and for containers
+whose last element has none, as with materialize().
+*/
+template<bool Editable>
+void value_range(const document_data& d, const node* n, std::size_t& start, std::size_t& end)
+{
+    using nav = navigation<Editable>;
+    position_source p;
+    start = std::string::npos;
+    end = std::string::npos;
+    if (!is_container(*n))
+    {
+        p.set_scalar(d, *n);
+        start = p.start;
+        end = p.end;
+        return;
+    }
+    if ((n->flags & node_flags::is_new) != 0 || n->off >= d.size)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    // the open brackets: n, then the last element as long as it is a non-empty container
+    std::size_t closing = 0;
+    std::size_t pos = std::string::npos;
+    for (const node* c = n;;)
+    {
+        if (!is_container(*c))
+        {
+            p.set_scalar(d, *c);
+            pos = p.end;
+            break;
+        }
+        if ((c->flags & node_flags::is_new) != 0 || c->off >= d.size)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        ++closing;
+        const node* const first = nav::first(d, c);
+        const node* const last_end = nav::end(d, c);
+        if (first == last_end)
+        {
+            pos = std::size_t{c->off} + 1;
+            break;
+        }
+        const std::size_t value_offset = c->kind == node_kind::object ? 1 : 0;
+        const node* last = first;
+        for (const node* e = document_data::after(first + value_offset); e != last_end; e = document_data::after(e + value_offset))
+        {
+            last = e;
+        }
+        c = nav::value(last + value_offset);
+    }
+    for (; closing != 0 && pos != std::string::npos; --closing)
+    {
+        pos = position_source::container_end(d.base[0], d.size, pos);
+    }
+    if (pos != std::string::npos)
+    {
+        start = n->off;
+        end = pos;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/// the context basic_json puts in front of the message of an exception about
+/// a value: "(/path) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS (none for the root), then
+/// "(bytes a-b) " with JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS (with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS, only
+/// if there is a path)
+///
+/// This and the throw helpers that take an error_site are templates, so that
+/// the path and range code is instantiated only where an exception can be
+/// thrown: instantiated in every translation unit (as a non-template inline
+/// function makes it), it changed GCC's early inlining of unrelated view
+/// functions, so that GCC 13 no longer inlined a recursive walk over a view
+/// into itself (2.7 times the instructions).
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS || JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
+template<typename Unused = void>
+std::string diagnostics(const error_site site)
+{
+    if (site.doc() == nullptr || site.value() == nullptr)
+    {
+        return "";
+    }
+    const document_data& d = *site.doc();
+    const bool edited = d.edits != nullptr;
+    std::string context;
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+    std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+    const bool found = edited ? value_path<true>(d, site.value(), tokens) : value_path<false>(d, site.value(), tokens);
+    if (!found || tokens.empty())
+    {
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::string path;
+    for (const std::string& token : tokens)
+    {
+        path.push_back('/');
+        path += detail::escape(token);
+    }
+    context = concat('(', path, ") ");
+#endif
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
+    std::size_t start = 0;
+    std::size_t end = 0;
+    if (edited)
+    {
+        value_range<true>(d, site.value(), start, end);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        value_range<false>(d, site.value(), start, end);
+    }
+    if (start != std::string::npos && end != std::string::npos)
+    {
+        context += concat("(bytes ", std::to_string(start), "-", std::to_string(end), ") ");
+    }
+#endif
+    return context;
+}
+#else
+template<typename Unused = void>
+std::string diagnostics(const error_site /*site*/)
+{
+    return "";
+}
+#endif
+
+/// the context of an exception about view @a v (see exception_prefix())
+template<typename View>
+std::string diagnostics_of(const View& v)
+{
+    return diagnostics<>(site_of(v));
+}
+
 // Exceptions are thrown out of line, so that the accessors that may throw stay
-// small enough to be inlined.
+// small enough to be inlined. The overloads with an error_site put its context
+// in front of the message.
+//
+// The overloads without one are for exceptions that are not about a value of a
+// document: limits and invalid input of the editing and image functions, a
+// discarded view (it has no node), a view of another document (its path would
+// be one in that document), and those that basic_json creates without a
+// context too (the errors of json_pointer, invalid UTF-8). The one exception
+// about a value that has no site is key(), see view_iterator::key().
 
 [[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE inline void throw_type_error(exception_id id, const char* prefix, const char* type)
 {
@@ -45,6 +333,24 @@ namespace view
     NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(id, msg, nullptr));
 }
 
+template<typename Unused = void>
+[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_type_error(const error_site site, exception_id id, const char* prefix, const char* type)
+{
+    NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW(type_error::create(id, concat(diagnostics<>(site), prefix, type), nullptr));
+}
+
+template<typename Unused = void>
+[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_out_of_range(const error_site site, exception_id id, const std::string& msg)
+{
+    NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW(out_of_range::create(id, concat(diagnostics<>(site), msg), nullptr));
+}
+
+template<typename Unused = void>
+[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_invalid_iterator(const error_site site, exception_id id, const char* msg)
+{
+    NLOHMANN_VIEW_THROW(invalid_iterator::create(id, concat(diagnostics<>(site), msg), nullptr));
+}
+
 /// a parse error without a position (as those of json_pointer)
 [[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE inline void throw_parse_error(exception_id id, const std::string& msg)
 {
@@ -53,22 +359,23 @@ namespace view
 
 /// out_of_range.401: the array index @a idx is not below the size
 template<typename Index>
-[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_array_index_out_of_range(const Index idx)
+[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_array_index_out_of_range(const error_site site, const Index idx)
 {
-    throw_out_of_range(exception_id::array_index_out_of_range, concat("array index ", std::to_string(idx), " is out of range"));
+    throw_out_of_range(site, exception_id::array_index_out_of_range, concat("array index ", std::to_string(idx), " is out of range"));
 }
 
 /// out_of_range.402: the JSON Pointer token '-' of an array of @a size elements
-[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE inline void throw_array_index_past_end(std::size_t size)
+template<typename Unused = void>
+[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_array_index_past_end(const error_site site, std::size_t size)
 {
-    throw_out_of_range(exception_id::pointer_past_the_end_index, concat("array index '-' (", std::to_string(size), ") is out of range"));
+    throw_out_of_range(site, exception_id::pointer_past_the_end_index, concat("array index '-' (", std::to_string(size), ") is out of range"));
 }
 
 /// out_of_range.403: the object has no member @a key
 template<typename Key>
-[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_key_not_found(const Key& key)
+[[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_key_not_found(const error_site site, const Key& key)
 {
-    throw_out_of_range(exception_id::key_not_found, concat("key '", key, "' not found"));
+    throw_out_of_range(site, exception_id::key_not_found, concat("key '", key, "' not found"));
 }
 
 /// SAX handler of the error replay: accepts every event without storing it,

include/nlohmann/detail/view/iterator.hpp

@@ -105,7 +105,10 @@ class view_iterator
     }
 
     /// the key of the current object member; throws invalid_iterator.207 for
-    /// other iterators, like basic_json's iterators
+    /// other iterators, like basic_json's iterators (but without the context
+    /// JSON_DIAGNOSTICS and JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS add: the iterator does not
+    /// know the value it iterates over, and keeping it would make iterators
+    /// larger, which keeps GCC from inlining recursive walks)
     string_view_t key() const
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(m_value_offset == 0))

include/nlohmann/detail/view/pointer.hpp

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ index_status array_index(const StringType& s, std::size_t& idx) noexcept
 }
 
 /// throws the exception json_pointer::array_index throws for this status
+/// (without a context, as json_pointer::array_index)
 template<typename StringType>
 [[noreturn]] NLOHMANN_VIEW_NOINLINE void throw_array_index_error(index_status status, const StringType& s)
 {
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ View resolve_pointer(View cur, const Tokens& tokens, pointer_mode mode)
             {
                 if (mode == pointer_mode::checked)
                 {
-                    throw_key_not_found(token);
+                    throw_key_not_found(site_of(cur), token);
                 }
                 return View();
             }
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ View resolve_pointer(View cur, const Tokens& tokens, pointer_mode mode)
             {
                 if (throwing)
                 {
-                    throw_array_index_past_end(cur.size());
+                    throw_array_index_past_end(site_of(cur), cur.size());
                 }
                 return View();
             }
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ View resolve_pointer(View cur, const Tokens& tokens, pointer_mode mode)
             {
                 if (mode == pointer_mode::checked)
                 {
-                    throw_array_index_out_of_range(idx);
+                    throw_array_index_out_of_range(site_of(cur), idx);
                 }
                 return View();
             }
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ View resolve_pointer(View cur, const Tokens& tokens, pointer_mode mode)
         {
             if (throwing)
             {
-                throw_out_of_range(exception_id::pointer_unresolved, concat("unresolved reference token '", token, "'"));
+                throw_out_of_range(site_of(cur), exception_id::pointer_unresolved, concat("unresolved reference token '", token, "'"));
             }
             return View();
         }

include/nlohmann/detail/view/value.hpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ NLOHMANN_VIEW_ALWAYS_INLINE T arithmetic_value(const document_data& d, const nod
         case value_t::binary:
         case value_t::discarded:
         default:
-            throw_type_error(exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", value_type_name(static_cast<value_t>(n.kind)));
+            throw_type_error(error_site(&d, &n), exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", value_type_name(static_cast<value_t>(n.kind)));
     }
 }
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ std::vector<U, A> vector_value(const View& v)
 {
     if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!v.is_array()))
     {
-        throw_type_error(exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be array, but is ", v.type_name());
+        throw_type_error(site_of(v), exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be array, but is ", v.type_name());
     }
     std::vector<U, A> r;
     r.reserve(v.size());
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Map map_value(const View& v)
 {
     if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!v.is_object()))
     {
-        throw_type_error(exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be object, but is ", v.type_name());
+        throw_type_error(site_of(v), exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be object, but is ", v.type_name());
     }
     Map r;
     for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)

include/nlohmann/json_view.hpp

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ class basic_json_view
             {
                 return {};
             }
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with ", type_name());
         }
         return lookup(key);
     }
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class basic_json_view
             {
                 return {};
             }
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::subscript_wrong_type, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with ", type_name());
         }
         return idx < m_node->len ? element(idx) : basic_json_view();
     }
@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::at_wrong_type, "cannot use at() with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::at_wrong_type, "cannot use at() with ", type_name());
         }
         const basic_json_view r = lookup(key);
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(r.is_discarded()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_key_not_found(std::string(key.data(), key.size()));
+            detail::view::throw_key_not_found(site(), std::string(key.data(), key.size()));
         }
         return r;
     }
@@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_array()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::at_wrong_type, "cannot use at() with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::at_wrong_type, "cannot use at() with ", type_name());
         }
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(idx >= m_node->len))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_array_index_out_of_range(idx);
+            detail::view::throw_array_index_out_of_range(site(), idx);
         }
         return element(idx);
     }
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
         }
         const basic_json_view r = lookup(key);
         return r.is_discarded() ? default_value : r.template get<T>();
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_object()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
         }
         // (the default is made only if there is no such member)
         const basic_json_view r = lookup(key);
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_structured()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
         }
         const basic_json_view r = detail::view::resolve_pointer(*this, detail::json_pointer_access::reference_tokens(ptr), detail::view::pointer_mode::value);
         return r.is_discarded() ? default_value : r.template get<T>();
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_structured()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::value_wrong_type, "cannot use value() with ", type_name());
         }
         const basic_json_view r = detail::view::resolve_pointer(*this, detail::json_pointer_access::reference_tokens(ptr), detail::view::pointer_mode::value);
         return r.is_discarded() ? string_t(default_value) : r.template get<string_t>();
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class basic_json_view
         const iterator it = begin();
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(it == end()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_invalid_iterator(detail::exception_id::iterator_value_unavailable, "cannot get value");
+            detail::view::throw_invalid_iterator(site(), detail::exception_id::iterator_value_unavailable, "cannot get value");
         }
         return *it;
     }
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_string()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be string, but is ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be string, but is ", type_name());
         }
         return {m_doc->str(*m_node), m_node->len};
     }
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_number()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", type_name());
         }
         return {m_doc->str(*m_node), detail::view::number_length(*m_node)};
     }
@@ -764,15 +764,19 @@ class basic_json_view
     template<typename, view_mode> friend class basic_json_view;
     template<typename, typename> friend class detail::view::editor;
     template<typename, typename> friend class detail::view::view_side;
+    friend struct detail::view::view_access;
     friend iterator;
 
-    /// whether the view is one of an editable document
-    static constexpr bool is_editable = Editable;
-
     basic_json_view(const document_data* d, const node* n) noexcept
         : m_doc(d), m_node(n)
     {}
 
+    /// this value as the context of an exception
+    detail::view::error_site site() const noexcept
+    {
+        return detail::view::error_site(m_doc, m_node);
+    }
+
     using json_side_t = detail::view::json_side<BasicJsonType, string_view_t>;
 
     static detail::view::view_side<BasicJsonType, basic_json_view> side(const basic_json_view& v) noexcept
@@ -879,7 +883,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_boolean()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be boolean, but is ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be boolean, but is ", type_name());
         }
         return (m_node->flags & detail::view::node_flags::is_true) != 0;
     }
@@ -889,7 +893,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(m_node == nullptr))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be number, but is ", type_name());
         }
         return detail::view::arithmetic_value<T, BasicJsonType>(*m_doc, *m_node);
     }
@@ -898,7 +902,7 @@ class basic_json_view
     {
         if (NLOHMANN_VIEW_UNLIKELY(!is_null()))
         {
-            detail::view::throw_type_error(detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be null, but is ", type_name());
+            detail::view::throw_type_error(site(), detail::exception_id::type_mismatch, "type must be null, but is ", type_name());
         }
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -1312,7 +1316,7 @@ class basic_json_document
     template<typename I, typename V, typename std::enable_if<detail::view::is_non_bool_integral<I>::value, int>::type = 0>
     view_type set(view_type array, I idx, V && value)
     {
-        return editor().set(array, index(idx), std::forward<V>(value));
+        return editor().set(array, index(array, idx), std::forward<V>(value));
     }
 
     /// set the value at a JSON pointer: its parent must exist; an object
@@ -1349,7 +1353,7 @@ class basic_json_document
                 const std::size_t idx = pointer_index(token);
                 if (idx >= 0xFFFFFFFFu)
                 {
-                    detail::view::throw_array_index_out_of_range(idx);
+                    detail::view::throw_array_index_out_of_range(detail::view::site_of(parent), idx);
                 }
                 for (std::size_t i = 0; i < idx; ++i)
                 {
@@ -1383,7 +1387,7 @@ class basic_json_document
     template<typename I, typename V, typename std::enable_if<detail::view::is_non_bool_integral<I>::value, int>::type = 0>
     view_type insert(view_type array, I idx, V && value)
     {
-        return editor().insert(array, index(idx), std::forward<V>(value));
+        return editor().insert(array, index(array, idx), std::forward<V>(value));
     }
 
     /// remove all members with this key; returns their number
@@ -1396,7 +1400,7 @@ class basic_json_document
     template<typename I, typename std::enable_if<detail::view::is_non_bool_integral<I>::value, int>::type = 0>
     void erase(view_type array, I idx)
     {
-        editor().erase(array, index(idx));
+        editor().erase(array, index(array, idx));
     }
 
     /// remove the value at a JSON pointer; returns the number of removed
@@ -1430,25 +1434,25 @@ class basic_json_document
         return detail::view::editor<BasicJsonType, view_type>(*m_data);
     }
 
-    /// an index (out_of_range.401 if negative)
+    /// an index into @a array (out_of_range.401 if negative)
     template<typename I>
-    static std::size_t index(I idx)
+    static std::size_t index(const view_type& array, I idx)
     {
-        return index(idx, std::is_signed<I> {});
+        return index(array, idx, std::is_signed<I> {});
     }
 
     template<typename I>
-    static std::size_t index(I idx, std::true_type /*signed*/)
+    static std::size_t index(const view_type& array, I idx, std::true_type /*signed*/)
     {
         if (idx < 0)
         {
-            detail::view::throw_array_index_out_of_range(idx);
+            detail::view::throw_array_index_out_of_range(detail::view::site_of(array), idx);
         }
         return static_cast<std::size_t>(idx);
     }
 
     template<typename I>
-    static std::size_t index(I idx, std::false_type /*unsigned*/)
+    static std::size_t index(const view_type& /*array*/, I idx, std::false_type /*unsigned*/)
     {
         return static_cast<std::size_t>(idx);
     }

single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp

@@ -2720,7 +2720,7 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
             return ej_pair.second == j;                                                         \
         });                                                                                     \
         if (it != std::end(m)) e = it->first;                                                   \
-        else ::nlohmann::detail::templated_json_throw<nlohmann::detail::out_of_range>(nlohmann::detail::out_of_range::create(nlohmann::detail::exception_id::value_out_of_range, nlohmann::detail::concat("enum value out of range for " #ENUM_TYPE ": ", nlohmann::detail::from_json_dump(j)), nlohmann::detail::exception_context(j))); \
+        else ::nlohmann::detail::templated_json_throw<nlohmann::detail::out_of_range>(nlohmann::detail::out_of_range::create(nlohmann::detail::exception_id::value_out_of_range, nlohmann::detail::concat(nlohmann::detail::exception_prefix(j), "enum value out of range for " #ENUM_TYPE ": ", nlohmann::detail::from_json_dump(j)), nlohmann::detail::exception_context(j))); \
     }
 
 // Ugly macros to avoid uglier copy-paste when specializing basic_json. They
@@ -5928,6 +5928,28 @@ std::nullptr_t exception_context(const View& /*unused*/) noexcept
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+namespace view
+{
+// the path and bytes of the value of a view (defined in <nlohmann/detail/view/errors.hpp>)
+template<typename View>
+std::string diagnostics_of(const View& v);
+}  // namespace view
+
+// what goes in front of the message of an exception about j: nothing for a
+// basic_json value (exception_context() passes the value itself), the context
+// basic_json would add (JSON_DIAGNOSTICS, JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS) for a view
+template<typename BasicJsonType, enable_if_t<is_basic_json<BasicJsonType>::value, int> = 0>
+const char* exception_prefix(const BasicJsonType& /*unused*/) noexcept
+{
+    return "";
+}
+
+template<typename View, enable_if_t<is_json_view<View>::value, int> = 0>
+std::string exception_prefix(const View& v)
+{
+    return view::diagnostics_of(v);
+}
+
 /*!
 @brief throws because @a j does not have the type a conversion expects
 @param[in] expected  the expected type(s), e.g. "array" or "binary or array"
@@ -5939,7 +5961,7 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_NO_RETURN JSON_HEDLEY_NEVER_INLINE void throw_type_must_be(const cha
 {
     static_cast<void>(expected); // unused when JSON_NOEXCEPTION is defined
     static_cast<void>(j);
-    JSON_THROW(type_error::create(exception_id::type_mismatch, concat("type must be ", expected, ", but is ", j.type_name()), exception_context(j)));
+    JSON_THROW(type_error::create(exception_id::type_mismatch, concat(exception_prefix(j), "type must be ", expected, ", but is ", j.type_name()), exception_context(j)));
 }
 
 /*!

tests/src/json_view_test_helpers.hpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
 
 #include <algorithm> // any_of
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <functional> // function
 #include <random> // mt19937
 #include <string> // string
@@ -88,6 +89,26 @@ inline bool has_duplicate_keys(const nlohmann::ordered_json_view& v)
     });
 }
 
+// the message of an exception about the value at path (a JSON pointer, "" for
+// the root) whose source bytes are [start, end): the context basic_json adds
+// with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS and JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS, if enabled, then what
+inline std::string message(const std::string& id, const std::string& path, std::size_t start, std::size_t end, const std::string& what)
+{
+    std::string context;
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
+    context = "(bytes " + std::to_string(start) + "-" + std::to_string(end) + ") ";
+#else
+    static_cast<void>(start);
+    static_cast<void>(end);
+#endif
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+    context = path.empty() ? "" : "(" + path + ") " + context;
+#else
+    static_cast<void>(path);
+#endif
+    return "[json.exception." + id + "] " + context + what;
+}
+
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
 // the exception a call throws, or "" if it throws none
 inline std::string exception_of_call(const std::function<void()>& f)

tests/src/unit-json_view.cpp

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view")
 #if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
         // the parents are set, so errors name the path
         const json m = materialized<json_document>(R"({"a":{"b":[1]}})");
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(m.at("a").at("b").at(0).at("x"), "[json.exception.type_error.304] (/a/b/0) cannot use at() with number", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(m.at("a").at("b").at(0).at("x"), json_view_test::message("type_error.304", "/a/b/0", 11, 12, "cannot use at() with number").c_str(), json::type_error&);
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -750,19 +750,6 @@ std::string exception_of(F f)
     return "";
 }
 
-// the exception a call on a basic_json value throws, without the byte range of
-// the value (JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS), which the exceptions of views lack
-template<typename F>
-std::string json_exception_of(F f)
-{
-    std::string what = exception_of(f);
-    const std::size_t at = what.find("] (bytes ");
-    if (at != std::string::npos)
-    {
-        what.erase(at + 2, what.find(") ", at) - at);
-    }
-    return what;
-}
 #endif
 
 // compares a view with the ordered_json value materialize() gives for it:
@@ -971,24 +958,25 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view element access and iteration")
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
             if (!j.is_object())
             {
-                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["a"]); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["a"]); }));
+                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["a"]); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["a"]); }));
             }
             if (!j.is_array())
             {
-                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v[0]); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j[0]); }));
+                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v[0]); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j[0]); }));
             }
-            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at("a")); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at("a")); }));
+            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at("a")); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at("a")); }));
-            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at("missing")); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at("missing")); }));
+            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at("missing")); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at("missing")); }));
-            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(0)); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(0)); }));
+            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(0)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(0)); }));
-            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(5)); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(5)); }));
+            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(5)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(5)); }));
             if (!(j.is_object() && j.empty())) // (key() of an end iterator)
             {
-                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.begin().key()); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.begin().key()); }));
+                // (without the context of basic_json: view iterators do not know the value they iterate over)
+                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.begin().key()); }) == (j.is_object() ? "" : "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators"));
             }
             if (!j.empty() || j.is_null())
             {
-                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.front()); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.front()); }));
+                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.front()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.front()); }));
-                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.back()); }) == json_exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.back()); }));
+                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.back()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.back()); }));
             }
 #endif
             CHECK(v.contains("a") == j.contains("a"));
@@ -1000,8 +988,8 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view element access and iteration")
         const json_document d = json_document::parse(R"({"a":[]})");
         CHECK(d.root()["b"].is_discarded());
         CHECK(d.root()["a"][0].is_discarded());
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root()["a"].front(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value", json::invalid_iterator&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root()["a"].front(), json_view_test::message("invalid_iterator.214", "/a", 5, 7, "cannot get value").c_str(), json::invalid_iterator&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root()["a"].back(), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.214] cannot get value", json::invalid_iterator&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.root()["a"].back(), json_view_test::message("invalid_iterator.214", "/a", 5, 7, "cannot get value").c_str(), json::invalid_iterator&);
         const json_view invalid{};
         CHECK(invalid.begin() == invalid.end());
         CHECK(std::string(invalid.type_name()) == "discarded");
@@ -1032,10 +1020,10 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view element access and iteration")
         CHECK(v[json_view::json_pointer("/a/b/5")][0].is_discarded());
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
         // type errors on values that are not discarded stay
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v[0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v[0], json_view_test::message("type_error.305", "", 0, 29, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v["a"]["b"]["c"], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v["a"]["b"]["c"], json_view_test::message("type_error.305", "/a/b", 10, 17, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v["s"]["c"], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with string", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v["s"]["c"], json_view_test::message("type_error.305", "/s", 23, 28, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with string").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v["s"][0], "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with string", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v["s"][0], json_view_test::message("type_error.305", "/s", 23, 28, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with string").c_str(), json::type_error&);
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(v["a"]["b"][0]["c"], json::type_error&);
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(v["s"][json_view::json_pointer("/x")], json::out_of_range&);
         // at() keeps throwing on a discarded view
@@ -1110,9 +1098,9 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view element access and iteration")
         CHECK(v[(std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)()].is_discarded());
         CHECK(v[std::numeric_limits<int>::max()].is_discarded());
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at(3), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at(3), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "", 0, 10, "array index 3 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at(3u), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at(3u), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "", 0, 10, "array index 3 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at(std::int64_t(3)), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at(std::int64_t(3)), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "", 0, 10, "array index 3 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(v.at(-1), json::out_of_range&);
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(v.at(-1L), json::out_of_range&);
         CHECK_THROWS_AS(v.at(std::int64_t(-1)), json::out_of_range&);
@@ -1246,26 +1234,6 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view element access and iteration")
 
 namespace
 {
-#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
-// an exception message without the context that basic_json adds with
-// JSON_DIAGNOSTICS ("(/path) ") and JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS ("(bytes 1-2) ");
-// the view's exceptions have no such context
-std::string without_path(std::string msg)
-{
-    for (const char* prefix :
-            {"] (/", "] (bytes "
-            })
-    {
-        const std::size_t open = msg.find(prefix);
-        if (open != std::string::npos)
-        {
-            msg.erase(open + 2, msg.find(") ", open) + 2 - (open + 2));
-        }
-    }
-    return msg;
-}
-#endif
-
 // the bits of a float, to compare values bit for bit
 std::uint64_t bits(double x)
 {
@@ -1336,18 +1304,18 @@ void check_values(const ordered_json_view& v, const ordered_json& j, const std::
     // conversions to the wrong type throw what basic_json throws
     if (!j.is_number())
     {
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<int>()); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<int>()); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<int>()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<int>()); }));
     }
-    CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<bool>()); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<bool>()); })));
+    CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<bool>()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<bool>()); }));
-    CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::string>()); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::string>()); })));
+    CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::string>()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::string>()); }));
-    CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::nullptr_t>()); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::nullptr_t>()); })));
+    CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::nullptr_t>()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::nullptr_t>()); }));
     if (!j.is_array())
     {
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::vector<int>>()); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::vector<int>>()); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::vector<int>>()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::vector<int>>()); }));
     }
     if (!j.is_object())
     {
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::map<std::string, int>>()); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::map<std::string, int>>()); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.get<std::map<std::string, int>>()); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::map<std::string, int>>()); }));
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -1490,8 +1458,8 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view values")
         CHECK(v[3].number_token() == "123456789012345678901234567890");
         CHECK(v[4].number_token() == "-12");
         CHECK(v[5].number_token() == "7");
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v[6].number_token(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v[6].number_token(), json_view_test::message("type_error.302", "/6", 56, 59, "type must be number, but is string").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.get_string(), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be string, but is array", json::type_error&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.get_string(), json_view_test::message("type_error.302", "", 0, 60, "type must be string, but is array").c_str(), json::type_error&);
     }
 
     SECTION("conversions")
@@ -1565,15 +1533,15 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view values")
         CHECK(v["o"]["x"].value(json::json_pointer("/1"), 0) == j["o"]["x"].value(json::json_pointer("/1"), 0));
         CHECK(v["o"]["x"].value(json::json_pointer("/7"), 3) == j["o"]["x"].value(json::json_pointer("/7"), 3));
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["o"]["x"].value("k", 0)); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["o"]["x"].value("k", 0)); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["o"]["x"].value("k", 0)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["o"]["x"].value("k", 0)); }));
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value("s", 0)); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value("s", 0)); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value("s", 0)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value("s", 0)); }));
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["n"].value("x", 0)); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["n"].value("x", 0)); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["n"].value("x", 0)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["n"].value("x", 0)); }));
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["n"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), 0)); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["n"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), 0)); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["n"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), 0)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["n"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), 0)); }));
         // string defaults: the member is not a string, or the value is neither an object nor an array
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value("n", "default")); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value("n", "default")); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value("n", "default")); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value("n", "default")); }));
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["n"].value("x", "default")); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["n"].value("x", "default")); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["n"].value("x", "default")); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["n"].value("x", "default")); }));
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value(json::json_pointer("/n"), "default")); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value(json::json_pointer("/n"), "default")); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value(json::json_pointer("/n"), "default")); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value(json::json_pointer("/n"), "default")); }));
-        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["s"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), "default")); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["s"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), "default")); })));
+        CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v["s"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), "default")); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j["s"].value(json::json_pointer("/x"), "default")); }));
 #endif
         // (defaults and members longer than the short string optimization)
         CHECK(v.value("s", "a default longer than fifteen characters") == "text");
@@ -1632,7 +1600,7 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view JSON pointers")
         {
             CAPTURE(pointer)
             const json::json_pointer p(pointer);
-            const std::string at_error = without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(p)); }));
+            const std::string at_error = exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(p)); });
             CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(p)); }) == at_error);
             if (at_error.empty())
             {
@@ -1646,7 +1614,7 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view JSON pointers")
             }
             else
             {
-                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v[p]); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j[p]); })));
+                CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v[p]); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j[p]); }));
             }
             // (basic_json::contains() throws out_of_range.404 for an empty
             // array index token, although it is not meant to throw; the view
@@ -1657,7 +1625,7 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view JSON pointers")
                 static_cast<void>(found);
             });
             CHECK(v.contains(p) == (contains_error.empty() && j.contains(p)));
-            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value(p, 5)); }) == without_path(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value(p, 5)); })));
+            CHECK(exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value(p, 5)); }) == exception_of([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value(p, 5)); }));
         }
     }
 #endif

tests/src/unit-json_view_dump.cpp

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view large objects")
         CHECK(v[""].get_string() == "empty key");
         CHECK(v["k1"].get<int>() == 1); // the first of duplicate keys, as for small objects
         CHECK(!v.contains("missing"));
-        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at("missing"), "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'missing' not found", json::out_of_range&);
+        CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(v.at("missing"), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.403", "", 0, text.size(), "key 'missing' not found").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
         CHECK(v == j);
         CHECK(v.materialize() == j);
     }

tests/src/unit-json_view_edit.cpp

@@ -532,18 +532,18 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view edits: errors")
 
     CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(other_editable.root(), 1), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] view does not belong to this document", json::invalid_iterator&);
     CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(json_editable_view(), 1), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] view does not belong to this document", json::invalid_iterator&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], "k", 1), "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array", json::type_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], "k", 1), json_view_test::message("type_error.305", "/a", 21, 27, "cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["o"], 0, 1), "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object", json::type_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["o"], 0, 1), json_view_test::message("type_error.305", "/o", 6, 14, "cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], 2, 1), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 2 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], 2, 1), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "/a", 21, 27, "array index 2 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], -1, 1), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index -1 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], -1, 1), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "/a", 21, 27, "array index -1 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.push_back(root["o"], 1), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with object", json::type_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.push_back(root["o"], 1), json_view_test::message("type_error.308", "/o", 6, 14, "cannot use push_back() with object").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.insert(root["n"], 0, 1), "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number", json::type_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.insert(root["n"], 0, 1), json_view_test::message("type_error.309", "/n", 34, 35, "cannot use insert() with number").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.insert(root["a"], 3, 1), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.insert(root["a"], 3, 1), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "/a", 21, 27, "array index 3 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["n"], "k"), "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number", json::type_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["n"], "k"), json_view_test::message("type_error.307", "/n", 34, 35, "cannot use erase() with number").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["o"], 0), "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with object", json::type_error&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["o"], 0), json_view_test::message("type_error.307", "/o", 6, 14, "cannot use erase() with object").c_str(), json::type_error&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["a"], 2), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 2 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["a"], 2), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.401", "/a", 21, 27, "array index 2 is out of range").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
     CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(json::json_pointer("")), "[json.exception.out_of_range.405] JSON pointer has no parent", json::out_of_range&);
-    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(json::json_pointer("/missing/x")), "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'missing' not found", json::out_of_range&);
+    CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(json::json_pointer("/missing/x")), json_view_test::message("out_of_range.403", "", 0, 47, "key 'missing' not found").c_str(), json::out_of_range&);
     CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(json::json_pointer("/a/01"), 1), "[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'", json::parse_error&);
     CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root, json_editable_view()), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be a value, but is discarded", json::type_error&);
     CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root, json::binary({1, 2})), "[json.exception.type_error.319] cannot store a binary value in a json_document", json::type_error&);

tests/src/unit-json_view_from_json.cpp

@@ -337,8 +337,7 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view from_json")
         CHECK(d.root().get<std::unordered_map<std::string, int>>().at("a") == 3);
     }
 
-    // (the exceptions of views have neither the path nor the byte range of the value)
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
-#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION) && !JSON_DIAGNOSTICS && !JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
     SECTION("std types: the same errors as from the materialized value")
     {
         const json_document d = json_document::parse(R"([[1, "x"], {"a": 1}, "text", [1], 5, null])");
@@ -403,10 +402,10 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view from_json")
         CHECK(d.root()[4].get<strict_color>() == strict_color::red);
 #if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
         const json j = d.root().materialize();
-        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()[2].get<strict_color>()); }) == "[json.exception.out_of_range.410] enum value out of range for strict_color: \"purple\"");
 #if !JSON_DIAGNOSTICS && !JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
-        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()[2].get<strict_color>()); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j[2].get<strict_color>()); }));
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()[2].get<strict_color>()); }) == "[json.exception.out_of_range.410] enum value out of range for strict_color: \"purple\"");
 #endif
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()[2].get<strict_color>()); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j[2].get<strict_color>()); }));
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -452,11 +451,9 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view from_json")
         CHECK(o.root().get<shape>().center.y == 2);
     }
 
-#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION) && !JSON_DIAGNOSTICS && !JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
     SECTION("errors are those of the same conversion of a json value")
     {
-        // (with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS, those of json name the path of the value,
-        // and with JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS its bytes)
         const json_document d = json_document::parse(R"([{"x": 1}, {"x": "1", "y": 2}, [1, 2], {"id": "7", "c": "red"}])");
         const json j = d.root().materialize();
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)

tests/src/unit-json_view_positions.cpp

@@ -81,6 +81,112 @@ std::string range(const json& j)
 {
     return j.start_pos() == npos && j.end_pos() == npos ? "none" : std::to_string(j.start_pos()) + "-" + std::to_string(j.end_pos());
 }
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+using json_view_test::exception_of_call;
+
+// the exceptions about every value of v are those about the value at the same
+// place in j, a value of the whole document from parse() or materialize() (so
+// that its parents and positions are set); members whose key repeats are
+// skipped (the view finds the first one, j holds the last)
+template<typename View>
+void check_exceptions(const View& v, const json& j)
+{
+    CAPTURE(j.dump())
+    if (!v.is_number())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.template get<int>()); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<int>()); }));
+    }
+    if (!v.is_string())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.template get<std::string>()); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::string>()); }));
+    }
+    if (!v.is_array())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.template get<std::vector<int>>()); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.get<std::vector<int>>()); }));
+    }
+    CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at("missing")); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at("missing")); }));
+    CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(1000)); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(1000)); }));
+    CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(json::json_pointer("/missing"))); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(json::json_pointer("/missing"))); }));
+    CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.at(json::json_pointer("/-"))); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.at(json::json_pointer("/-"))); }));
+    CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.value("k", 0)); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.value("k", 0)); }));
+    if (!v.is_object())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v["k"]); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j["k"]); }));
+        // (without the context of basic_json: view iterators do not know the value they iterate over)
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.begin().key()); }) == "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators");
+    }
+    if (!v.is_array())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v[0]); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j[0]); }));
+    }
+    if (v.is_null())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(v.front()); }) == exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(j.front()); }));
+    }
+    if (v.is_object())
+    {
+        for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            const std::string key(it.key().data(), it.key().size());
+            if (v.count(key) == 1)
+            {
+                check_exceptions(it.value(), j.at(key));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (v.is_array())
+    {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            check_exceptions(v[i], j[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// as check_exceptions, for edits that fail (they change neither d nor j)
+void check_edit_exceptions(json_editable_document& d, const json_editable_document::view_type& v, json& j)
+{
+    CAPTURE(j.dump())
+    if (!v.is_object() && !v.is_null())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.set(v, "k", 1); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j["k"] = 1; }));
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.erase(v, "k"); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j.erase("k"); }));
+    }
+    if (!v.is_array() && !v.is_null())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.set(v, 0, 1); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j[0] = 1; }));
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.push_back(v, 1); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j.push_back(1); }));
+    }
+    if (!v.is_array())
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.insert(v, 0, 1); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j.insert(j.cbegin(), 1); }));
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.erase(v, 0); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j.erase(0); }));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.erase(v, 1000); }) == exception_of_call([&] { j.erase(1000); }));
+    }
+    if (v.is_object())
+    {
+        for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            const std::string key(it.key().data(), it.key().size());
+            if (v.count(key) == 1)
+            {
+                check_edit_exceptions(d, it.value(), j.at(key));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (v.is_array())
+    {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            check_edit_exceptions(d, v[i], j[i]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
 } // namespace
 
 TEST_CASE("json_view materialize() source positions")
@@ -345,3 +451,123 @@ TEST_CASE("json_view materialize() source positions")
     }
 #endif
 }
+
+#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
+TEST_CASE("json_view exceptions name the path and the bytes of the value")
+{
+    SECTION("as those of basic_json")
+    {
+        const std::vector<std::string> texts =
+        {
+            "null", "true", "42", "\"s\"", "[]", "{}", "[1, [2, [3, []]]]", R"({"a": {"b": [1, {"c": null}]}, "d": "e"})",
+            R"({"a/b": {"~": [1]}, "\u0041\n": {"x": "\t"}, "": [{}]})",
+            R"([1 /* ] */, {"a": [] // }
+, "b": {} } , ])",
+            "\n\t[\r\n  1 ,\n  {\n    \"a\" : [ ]\n  }\n]\n",
+        };
+        for (const auto& text : texts)
+        {
+            CAPTURE(text)
+            const json j = json::parse(text, nullptr, true, true, true);
+            const json_document d = json_document::parse(text, true, true, true);
+            check_exceptions(d.root(), j);
+            json_editable_document e = json_editable_document::parse(text, true, true, true);
+            check_exceptions(e.root(), j);
+            json m = e.root().materialize();
+            check_edit_exceptions(e, e.root(), m);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("generated documents")
+    {
+        json_view_test::generator gen;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
+        {
+            std::string text;
+            gen.value(text, 0);
+            CAPTURE(text)
+            const json_document d = json_document::parse(text);
+            check_exceptions(d.root(), json::parse(text));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SECTION("edited documents: as those of materialize()")
+    {
+        const std::string text = R"({"a": [1, 2], "b": {"c": "\n", "d": true}, "e": [3, [4]], "f": "x"})";
+        json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse(text);
+        d.set(d.root()["f"], 5);
+        d.push_back(d.root()["a"], json::parse(R"({"n": [null]})"));
+        d.erase(d.root()["e"], 0);
+        d.set(d.root()["b"], "c2", d.root()["e"]);
+        d.insert(d.root()["e"], 0, "new");
+        json m = d.root().materialize();
+        check_exceptions(d.root(), m);
+        check_edit_exceptions(d, d.root(), m);
+        // (a value inside a new container: a path, but no bytes)
+        std::string expected = "[json.exception.type_error.302] ";
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        expected += "(/a/2/n/0) ";
+#endif
+        expected += "type must be number, but is null";
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()["a"][2]["n"][0].get<int>()); }) == expected);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("deep documents with siblings after every nested container")
+    {
+        // the search for the path pushes and pops one frame per level (the
+        // stack reallocates while it grows, and shrinks again at every
+        // sibling): run under a sanitizer, a reference to a popped or moved
+        // frame would show here
+        std::string text = "7";
+        for (int level = 0; level < 40; ++level)
+        {
+            text = R"([[1, [2]], )" + text + R"(, {"k": [3, {"l": [4]}]}, [5, [6, [7]]]])";
+        }
+        CAPTURE(text)
+        const json j = json::parse(text);
+        const json_document d = json_document::parse(text);
+        check_exceptions(d.root(), j);
+        json_editable_document e = json_editable_document::parse(text);
+        e.set(e.root()[0][0], 9);
+        check_exceptions(e.root(), e.root().materialize());
+    }
+
+    SECTION("examples")
+    {
+        const std::string text = R"({"people": [{"name": "a", "age": 1}, {"name": "c", "age": "x"}], "o": {"k": 1}})";
+        const json_document d = json_document::parse(text);
+        std::string expected_age = "[json.exception.type_error.302] ";
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        expected_age += "(/people/1/age) ";
+#endif
+        expected_age += "(bytes 58-61) type must be number, but is string";
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()["people"][1]["age"].get<int>()); }) == expected_age);
+
+        std::string expected_zz = "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] ";
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        expected_zz += "(/people/0) ";
+#endif
+        expected_zz += "(bytes 12-35) key 'zz' not found";
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root().at(json::json_pointer("/people/0/zz"))); }) == expected_zz);
+
+        // the root has no path, and with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS then no bytes either (as basic_json)
+        std::string expected_missing = "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] ";
+#if !JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        expected_missing += "(bytes 0-79) ";
+#endif
+        expected_missing += "key 'missing' not found";
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root().at("missing")); }) == expected_missing);
+    }
+
+    SECTION("duplicate keys: the value the view finds")
+    {
+        const json_document d = json_document::parse(R"({"x": "1", "x": "22"})");
+        std::string expected = "[json.exception.type_error.302] ";
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+        expected += "(/x) ";
+#endif
+        expected += "(bytes 6-9) type must be number, but is string";
+        CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { static_cast<void>(d.root()["x"].get<int>()); }) == expected);
+    }
+}
+#endif

tools/check_path_filters/README.md

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# check_path_filters
-
-The compiler workflows [`ubuntu.yml`](../../.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml),
-[`macos.yml`](../../.github/workflows/macos.yml), and [`windows.yml`](../../.github/workflows/windows.yml) skip pull
-requests that change only files no compiler job reads: the documentation, Markdown files, GitHub metadata, other
-workflows, and the license files. Pushes to `develop`, `master`, and `release/*` always run them. The documentation,
-license, and path-filter checks run in [`repository_checks.yml`](../../.github/workflows/repository_checks.yml), which
-has no path filter.
-
-The filter starts with `'**'` and excludes these files explicitly, so a new file runs the compiler workflows unless it
-is excluded on purpose. [`check_path_filters.py`](check_path_filters.py) holds the filter (`PATHS`) and checks that
-
-- each of the three workflows has exactly this filter, with its own workflow file included,
-- the CI targets that read excluded files (`UNFILTERED_TARGETS`) do not run in these workflows, and
-- no file the filter keeps (sources, tests, build files, tools, workflows) mentions an excluded file or directory
-  outside a comment line, unless the mention is listed in `KNOWN_REFERENCES` with a reason.
-
-When the check reports a mention, decide whether a compiler job reads that file:
-
-- If it does, include the file in `PATHS` after the exclusions (as `package_managers.md` and the Swift example are) and
-  copy the new filter into the three workflows.
-- If it does not, add the mention to `KNOWN_REFERENCES` with the reason.
-
-Run the check with
-
-```shell
-python3 tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py
-```
-
-To see which workflows a pull request would run, pass the changed files:
-
-```shell
-python3 tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py --changed $(git diff --name-only origin/develop)
-```

tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py

@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Check the path filters of the compiler workflows.
-
-ubuntu.yml, macos.yml and windows.yml skip pull requests that change only files
-no compiler job reads (documentation, Markdown files, GitHub metadata, license
-files). The filter starts with '**' and excludes these files explicitly, so a
-new file runs the workflows unless it is excluded on purpose.
-
-The script checks that
-
-- each of the three workflows has exactly the filter defined in PATHS below,
-  with its own workflow file included, and
-- no tracked file that the filter keeps (sources, tests, build files, tools,
-  workflows) mentions a file the filter excludes, unless the mention is listed
-  in KNOWN_REFERENCES with the reason why it does not matter.
-
-A mention found this way must either be added to PATHS as an included path
-(the file is read by a compiler job) or to KNOWN_REFERENCES (it is not).
-
-With --changed FILE..., the script prints instead which workflows a pull
-request changing these files would run.
-"""
-
-import argparse
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess  # nosec B404
-import sys
-
-REPO_ROOT = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(sys.path[0], '..', '..'))
-SELF = 'tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py'
-
-WORKFLOWS = ['.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml', '.github/workflows/macos.yml', '.github/workflows/windows.yml']
-
-# The pull_request paths filter of the workflows above; '{workflow}' is replaced
-# with the workflow's own file. GitHub applies the patterns in order: a file
-# matching a later pattern is included ('pattern') or excluded ('!pattern').
-PATHS = [
-    '**',
-    '!docs/**',
-    '!**.md',
-    '!.github/*',
-    '!.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/**',
-    '!.github/external_ci/**',
-    '!.github/workflows/**',
-    '!.reuse/**',
-    '!LICENSES/**',
-    '!CITATION.cff',
-    '!REUSE.toml',
-    # read by tools/check_build_options in the ci_meson_install job (ubuntu.yml)
-    'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/package_managers.md',
-    # built by the swiftpm job (macos.yml)
-    'docs/mkdocs/docs/integration/swift/**',
-    '{workflow}',
-]
-
-# Mentions of excluded files that no job of the three workflows depends on:
-# (file that mentions it, the mention, reason)
-KNOWN_REFERENCES = [
-    ('cmake/ci.cmake', 'docs/', 'ci_test_examples; runs in repository_checks.yml, which has no path filter'),
-    ('cmake/ci.cmake', 'docs/mkdocs/', 'ci_test_build_documentation and ci_test_documentation_mermaid; they run in '
-                                       'repository_checks.yml, which has no path filter'),
-    ('cmake/ci.cmake', 'docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/', 'indentation check of ci_test_amalgamation; the same check runs in '
-                                                     'check_amalgamation.yml, which has no path filter'),
-    ('Makefile', 'docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/', 'make pretty; runs in check_amalgamation.yml, which has no path filter'),
-    ('Makefile', 'ChangeLog.md', 'make ChangeLog.md writes the file; no CI job runs it'),
-    ('Makefile', 'tests/fuzzing.md', 'help text'),
-    ('Makefile', 'tools/generate_natvis/README.md', 'help text'),
-    ('tests/src/make_test_data_available.hpp', 'README.md', 'a file of the external test data repository'),
-    ('tools/check_build_options/check_build_options.py', 'docs/', 'builds the path of package_managers.md, which '
-                                                                  'PATHS includes'),
-    ('tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py', 'docs/mkdocs/docs/community/quality_assurance.md',
-     'checks the job table; runs in repository_checks.yml, which has no path filter'),
-    ('tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py', '.github/workflows/repository_checks.yml', 'read by --compare, a manual check'),
-    ('tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py', '.github/workflows/check_amalgamation.yml', 'read by --compare, a manual check'),
-]
-
-
-# CI targets that read excluded files; they must run in a workflow without a path filter
-UNFILTERED_TARGETS = ['ci_test_examples', 'ci_test_build_documentation', 'ci_test_documentation_mermaid',
-                      'ci_test_amalgamation', 'ci_reuse_compliance']
-
-
-def git_files(root):
-    # fixed command, no user input; includes new files not yet added, so a local run
-    # sees what CI sees after the commit
-    out = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'ls-files', '-z', '--cached', '--others', '--exclude-standard'], cwd=root)  # nosec B603, B607
-    return [f for f in out.decode('utf-8').split('\0') if f]
-
-
-def glob_to_regex(pattern):
-    """Translate a GitHub Actions path pattern to a regular expression."""
-    regex = ''
-    i = 0
-    while i < len(pattern):
-        if pattern.startswith('**', i):
-            regex += '.*'
-            i += 2
-        elif pattern[i] == '*':
-            regex += '[^/]*'
-            i += 1
-        elif pattern[i] == '?':
-            regex += '[^/]'
-            i += 1
-        else:
-            regex += re.escape(pattern[i])
-            i += 1
-    return re.compile(regex + r'\Z')
-
-
-def compile_filter(paths, workflow):
-    return [(p.startswith('!'), glob_to_regex(p.lstrip('!').replace('{workflow}', workflow))) for p in paths]
-
-
-def included(compiled, path):
-    result = False
-    for negated, regex in compiled:
-        if regex.match(path):
-            result = not negated
-    return result
-
-
-def read_filter(root, workflow):
-    """Return the pull_request paths list of a workflow file."""
-    with open(os.path.join(root, workflow), encoding='utf-8') as f:
-        lines = f.read().splitlines()
-    paths = None
-    in_pull_request = False
-    for line in lines:
-        if re.match(r'^  pull_request:', line):
-            in_pull_request = True
-            continue
-        if in_pull_request:
-            if re.match(r'^  \S', line) or re.match(r'^\S', line):
-                break
-            if re.match(r'^    paths:\s*$', line):
-                paths = []
-                continue
-            m = re.match(r"^      - '(.*)'\s*(#.*)?$", line)
-            if paths is not None and m:
-                paths.append(m.group(1))
-            elif paths is not None and line.strip() and not line.strip().startswith('#'):
-                break
-    return paths
-
-
-TOKEN = re.compile(r'(["\'/]?)([\w.-]+(?:/[\w.-]+)*)')
-
-
-COMMENT_LINE = re.compile(r'^[ \t]*(//|#|/?\*|--).*$', re.MULTILINE)
-
-
-class Mentions:
-    """Finds the words and paths in a text that name an excluded file or directory."""
-
-    def __init__(self, files, excluded, is_excluded):
-        self.files = set(files)
-        self.excluded = excluded
-        self.dirs = {'/'.join(f.split('/')[:n]) for f in files for n in range(1, f.count('/') + 1)}
-        # an excluded directory: a new file in it would be excluded
-        self.excluded_dirs = {d for d in self.dirs if is_excluded(d + '/new_file')}
-        # base names that only excluded files have, e.g. 'ChangeLog.md' but not 'CMakeLists.txt'
-        self.names = {os.path.basename(f) for f in excluded} - {os.path.basename(f) for f in files if f not in excluded}
-
-    def find(self, text):
-        """Yield (offset, mention) for every word or path in text that names an excluded file or directory."""
-        for m in TOKEN.finditer(text):
-            parts = m.group(2).rstrip('/').split('/')
-            # a single word names a directory only in a path context, e.g. 'docs' in os.path.join('docs', ...)
-            path_context = len(parts) > 1 or m.group(1)
-            for i in range(len(parts)):
-                path = '/'.join(parts[i:])
-                if path in self.files:
-                    if path in self.excluded:
-                        yield m.start(2), path
-                    break
-                if path in self.dirs and path_context:
-                    if path in self.excluded_dirs:
-                        yield m.start(2), path + '/'
-                    break
-            else:
-                if parts[-1] in self.names and '.' in parts[-1]:
-                    yield m.start(2), parts[-1]
-
-
-def known(path, mention):
-    return any(path == file and mention == known_mention for file, known_mention, _ in KNOWN_REFERENCES)
-
-
-def check_workflows(root):
-    """Return the errors in the filters of the workflows and in the targets they run."""
-    errors = []
-    for workflow in WORKFLOWS:
-        expected = [p.replace('{workflow}', workflow) for p in PATHS]
-        actual = read_filter(root, workflow)
-        if actual != expected:
-            errors.append('{}: the pull_request paths filter differs from tools/check_path_filters/check_path_filters.py\n'
-                          '  expected: {}\n  actual:   {}'.format(workflow, expected, actual))
-        with open(os.path.join(root, workflow), encoding='utf-8') as f:
-            text = f.read()
-        errors += ['{}: runs {}, which reads excluded files; run it in repository_checks.yml'.format(workflow, target)
-                   for target in UNFILTERED_TARGETS if re.search(r'\b' + target + r'\b', text)]
-    return errors
-
-
-def scanned_text(root, path):
-    """Return the text of a kept file without comment lines and without the filter itself, or None to skip it."""
-    # third-party code and Markdown files read nothing; this script lists the excluded files
-    if path.startswith('tests/thirdparty/') or path.endswith('.md') or path == SELF:
-        return None
-    try:
-        with open(os.path.join(root, path), encoding='utf-8') as f:
-            # a mention in a comment line reads nothing; keep the line numbers
-            text = COMMENT_LINE.sub('', f.read())
-    except (UnicodeDecodeError, OSError):
-        return None
-    if path in WORKFLOWS:
-        # the filter itself lists the excluded files
-        for p in PATHS:
-            text = text.replace("      - '{}'".format(p.replace('{workflow}', path)), '')
-    return text
-
-
-def check_mentions(root, files, excluded, finder):
-    """Return an error for every mention of an excluded file in a kept file that KNOWN_REFERENCES does not list."""
-    errors = []
-    for path in sorted(set(files) - excluded):
-        text = scanned_text(root, path)
-        reported = set()
-        for offset, mention in finder.find(text or ''):
-            if mention not in reported and not known(path, mention):
-                reported.add(mention)
-                line = text.count('\n', 0, offset) + 1
-                errors.append('{}:{}: mentions excluded {}; include it in PATHS if a compiler job reads it, '
-                              'or add it to KNOWN_REFERENCES'.format(path, line, mention))
-    return errors
-
-
-def check(root):
-    files = git_files(root)
-    union = [compile_filter(PATHS, w) for w in WORKFLOWS]
-
-    def is_excluded(path):
-        return not any(included(c, path) for c in union)
-
-    excluded = {f for f in files if is_excluded(f)}
-    errors = check_workflows(root) + check_mentions(root, files, excluded, Mentions(files, excluded, is_excluded))
-    for e in errors:
-        print(e)
-    if not errors:
-        print('path filters OK: {} of {} tracked files skip the compiler workflows'.format(len(excluded), len(files)))
-    return 1 if errors else 0
-
-
-def explain(changed):
-    for workflow in WORKFLOWS:
-        compiled = compile_filter(PATHS, workflow)
-        hits = [f for f in changed if included(compiled, f)]
-        print('{}: {}'.format(workflow, 'runs ({})'.format(', '.join(hits[:3]) + (' ...' if len(hits) > 3 else ''))
-                                       if hits else 'skipped'))
-    return 0
-
-
-def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__.splitlines()[0])
-    parser.add_argument('--root', default=REPO_ROOT, help='repository root')
-    parser.add_argument('--changed', nargs='+', metavar='FILE', help='show which workflows these changed files run')
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    return explain(args.changed) if args.changed else check(args.root)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())

tools/ci_jobs/README.md

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# ci_jobs
-
-The compiler jobs of [`ubuntu.yml`](../../.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml) are split into three sets, chosen by each job's
-`if:` condition (see [How CI runs](https://json.nlohmann.me/community/quality_assurance/#how-ci-runs)):
-
-- **PR set**: every push to a pull request, and every push to `develop`, `master`, and `release/*`;
-- **full set**: after the PR set passed, on pull requests with the label "🚀 ready to merge" and on every push;
-- **nightly set**: every night on `develop`, on every push to `master` and `release/*`, and when started by hand.
-
-A matrix whose entries belong to different sets is split into one job per set: the full-set job gets the suffix
-`_full`, the nightly-set job `_nightly`, and both share their steps with the PR-set job through YAML anchors.
-
-[`ci_jobs.py`](ci_jobs.py) checks that
-
-- every job of `ubuntu.yml` has the `if:` condition of exactly one set (the conditions are in `SETS`),
-- every full-set job waits for (`needs:`) exactly the PR set, and `nightly_report` for exactly the nightly set, and
-- the job table in [`quality_assurance.md`](../../docs/mkdocs/docs/community/quality_assurance.md) is up to date.
-
-```shell
-python3 -m venv venv && venv/bin/pip install -r tools/ci_jobs/requirements.txt
-venv/bin/python tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py                       # check
-venv/bin/python tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py --markdown            # print the job table for the documentation
-venv/bin/python tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py --compare origin/develop  # list configurations added or removed since develop
-```
-
-Use `--compare` when changing the workflows: a configuration that disappears fails it, so no compiler, version, or
-standard is dropped by accident when jobs are split, merged, or moved between sets.

tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py

@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""List and check the jobs of the compiler workflows and the set each job belongs to.
-
-The jobs of a tiered workflow (ubuntu.yml) belong to one of three sets, chosen
-by the job's `if:` condition:
-
-- PR set: every pull request push and every push,
-- full set: after the PR set passed, on pushes and on pull requests with the
-  "🚀 ready to merge" label,
-- nightly set: nightly on develop, on pushes to master and release/*, and when
-  started by hand.
-
-The jobs of the other workflows run on every push and pull request.
-
-The script checks that every job of a tiered workflow belongs to exactly one
-set, that the full set waits for the whole PR set, that the nightly report
-waits for the whole nightly set, and that the job table in
-docs/mkdocs/docs/community/quality_assurance.md is up to date.
-
-  --markdown       print the job table for the documentation
-  --compare REF    list the configurations (job and matrix values) added or
-                   removed since the git revision REF; fails if one was removed
-"""
-
-import argparse
-import collections
-import itertools
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess  # nosec B404
-import sys
-
-import yaml
-
-REPO_ROOT = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(sys.path[0], '..', '..'))
-DOCS = 'docs/mkdocs/docs/community/quality_assurance.md'
-BEGIN, END = '<!-- ci_jobs: begin -->', '<!-- ci_jobs: end -->'
-
-WORKFLOWS = ['.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml', '.github/workflows/macos.yml', '.github/workflows/windows.yml']
-TIERED = ['.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml']
-# --compare also counts the jobs of these workflows, so a job moved between workflows is not a removed one
-COMPARED = WORKFLOWS + ['.github/workflows/repository_checks.yml', '.github/workflows/check_amalgamation.yml']
-
-LABEL = '🚀 ready to merge'
-SETS = collections.OrderedDict([
-    ('PR set', "${{ github.event_name != 'schedule' && (github.event.action != 'labeled' || "
-               "github.event.label.name == '" + LABEL + "') }}"),
-    ('full set', "${{ github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || "
-                 "contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, '" + LABEL + "') }}"),
-    ('nightly set', "${{ github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || "
-                    "(github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/develop') }}"),
-])
-UNTIERED = 'every push and PR'
-REPORT_JOB = 'nightly_report'
-
-# a job split by set keeps its name and gets one of these suffixes
-SUFFIXES = {'full set': '_full', 'nightly set': '_nightly'}
-
-
-def read(root, path, ref=None):
-    if ref is None:
-        with open(os.path.join(root, path), encoding='utf-8') as f:
-            return f.read()
-    # fixed command; ref is a git revision given on the command line
-    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'show', '{}:{}'.format(ref, path)], cwd=root,  # nosec B603, B607
-                                   stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL).decode('utf-8')
-
-
-def add_include(combos, keys, inc):
-    """Apply one include entry: extend the matching configurations, or add it as a new one."""
-    matching = [c for c in combos if all(c[k] == v for k, v in inc.items() if k in keys)]
-    for c in matching:
-        c.update({k: v for k, v in inc.items() if k not in keys})
-    if not matching:
-        combos.append(dict(inc))
-
-
-def expand(matrix):
-    """Return the configurations of a job's strategy.matrix like GitHub Actions does."""
-    if not matrix:
-        return [{}]
-    keys = [k for k in matrix if k not in ('include', 'exclude')]
-    combos = [dict(zip(keys, values)) for values in itertools.product(*(matrix[k] for k in keys))] if keys else []
-    for ex in matrix.get('exclude') or []:
-        combos = [c for c in combos if any(c.get(k) != v for k, v in ex.items())]
-    for inc in matrix.get('include') or []:
-        add_include(combos, keys, inc)
-    return combos
-
-
-def jobs_of(root, workflow, ref=None):
-    """Yield (job id, set, list of configurations) for every job of a workflow."""
-    data = yaml.safe_load(read(root, workflow, ref))
-    for job_id, job in data['jobs'].items():
-        condition = job.get('if')
-        job_set = UNTIERED if condition is None else next((s for s, c in SETS.items() if c == condition), None)
-        matrix = (job.get('strategy') or {}).get('matrix')
-        yield job_id, job_set, job, expand(matrix)
-
-
-def base_id(job_id, job_set):
-    suffix = SUFFIXES.get(job_set)
-    return job_id[:-len(suffix)] if suffix and job_id.endswith(suffix) else job_id
-
-
-def label(config):
-    return ', '.join(str(v) for k, v in config.items() if k != 'os' or len(config) == 1)
-
-
-def configurations(root, ref=None):
-    """Return a Counter of (job name without set suffix, configuration) over the compared workflows."""
-    result = collections.Counter()
-    for workflow in COMPARED:
-        try:
-            jobs = list(jobs_of(root, workflow, ref))
-        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-            continue  # the workflow does not exist in this revision
-        for job_id, job_set, _, configs in jobs:
-            if job_id == REPORT_JOB:
-                continue
-            for c in configs:
-                result[(base_id(job_id, job_set), tuple(sorted((k, str(v)) for k, v in c.items())))] += 1
-    return result
-
-
-def markdown(root):
-    rows = []
-    order = list(SETS) + [UNTIERED]
-    for workflow in WORKFLOWS:
-        for job_id, job_set, _, configs in jobs_of(root, workflow):
-            if job_id == REPORT_JOB:
-                continue
-            labels = [label(c) for c in configs if c]
-            rows.append((order.index(job_set) if job_set in order else len(order), os.path.basename(workflow), job_id,
-                         job_set or 'no set', '; '.join(labels) or '-'))
-    rows.sort(key=lambda r: (r[0], r[1]))
-    lines = ['| Set | Workflow | Job | Configurations |', '|-----|----------|-----|----------------|']
-    lines += ['| {} | {} | `{}` | {} |'.format(s, w, j, c) for _, w, j, s, c in rows]
-    return lines
-
-
-def check_sets(workflow, jobs):
-    """Return the errors in the sets of a tiered workflow's jobs and the jobs of each set."""
-    errors = []
-    by_set = collections.defaultdict(set)
-    for job_id, job_set, _, _ in jobs:
-        if job_id == REPORT_JOB:
-            continue
-        if job_set in SETS:
-            by_set[job_set].add(job_id)
-        else:
-            errors.append('{}: job {} has an if: condition of no set; use one of the conditions in '
-                          'tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py'.format(workflow, job_id))
-    return errors, by_set
-
-
-def check_needs(workflow, jobs, by_set):
-    """Return the errors in the needs: of a tiered workflow's jobs."""
-    required = {'full set': by_set['PR set'], 'PR set': set(), 'nightly set': set()}
-    errors = []
-    for job_id, job_set, job, _ in jobs:
-        needs = job.get('needs') or []
-        needs = {needs} if isinstance(needs, str) else set(needs)
-        expected = by_set['nightly set'] if job_id == REPORT_JOB else required.get(job_set, needs)
-        if needs != expected:
-            errors.append('{}: job {} must need exactly: {}'.format(workflow, job_id, ', '.join(sorted(expected)) or 'no job'))
-    return errors
-
-
-def check_docs(root):
-    """Return an error if the job table in the documentation is not up to date."""
-    text = read(root, DOCS)
-    block = re.search(re.escape(BEGIN) + r'\n(.*?)\n[ \t]*' + re.escape(END), text, re.S)
-    if not block:
-        return ['{}: markers {} and {} not found'.format(DOCS, BEGIN, END)]
-    indent = re.match(r'[ \t]*', block.group(1)).group(0)
-    if block.group(1) != '\n'.join(indent + line for line in markdown(root)):
-        return ['{}: the job table is out of date; replace it with the output of '
-                'python3 tools/ci_jobs/ci_jobs.py --markdown'.format(DOCS)]
-    return []
-
-
-def check(root):
-    errors = []
-    for workflow in TIERED:
-        jobs = list(jobs_of(root, workflow))
-        set_errors, by_set = check_sets(workflow, jobs)
-        errors += set_errors + check_needs(workflow, jobs, by_set)
-    errors += check_docs(root)
-
-    for e in errors:
-        print(e)
-    if not errors:
-        counts = collections.Counter()
-        for workflow in WORKFLOWS:
-            for job_id, job_set, _, configs in jobs_of(root, workflow):
-                if job_id != REPORT_JOB:
-                    counts[job_set] += len(configs)
-        print('CI jobs OK: ' + ', '.join('{} {}'.format(n, s) for s, n in counts.items()))
-    return 1 if errors else 0
-
-
-def compare(root, ref):
-    before, after = configurations(root, ref), configurations(root)
-    removed, added = before - after, after - before
-    for title, diff in (('removed', removed), ('added', added)):
-        for job, config in sorted(diff.elements()):
-            print('{}: {} ({})'.format(title, job, ', '.join('{}={}'.format(k, v) for k, v in config)))
-    print('{} configurations before, {} after; {} removed, {} added'.format(
-        sum(before.values()), sum(after.values()), sum(removed.values()), sum(added.values())))
-    return 1 if removed else 0
-
-
-def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__.splitlines()[0])
-    parser.add_argument('--root', default=REPO_ROOT, help='repository root')
-    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
-    group.add_argument('--markdown', action='store_true', help='print the job table for the documentation')
-    group.add_argument('--compare', metavar='REF', help='list the configurations added or removed since REF')
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    if args.markdown:
-        print('\n'.join(markdown(args.root)))
-        return 0
-    if args.compare:
-        return compare(args.root, args.compare)
-    return check(args.root)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main())

tools/ci_jobs/requirements.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-PyYAML==6.0.3