docs: new design for the documentation site

Apply the brand to the Material for MkDocs site: Inter and JetBrains Mono served by the site (upright and real italic), brand colours, blue header band with the syntax pattern, wordmark in the header, new home page (hero, cards, animated feature tour), 404 page, polish for tabs, search, footer, focus rings, tables and code blocks, and theme features (code copy, previous/next footer, TOC follow, search suggestions). Draw the number railroad diagram, the parser callback events and the iterator illustrations as inline SVGs that follow the light and dark scheme. The generator scripts are in docs/mkdocs/scripts/figures; the feature slideshow (json-light.svg, json-dark.svg, replacing json.gif on the home page) is built by docs/mkdocs/scripts/slideshow. Decision nodes in five flowcharts become hexagons, which need far less room. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-26 07:48:55 +00:00 · 2026-10-25 20:40:26 +01:00
52 changed files with 2360 additions and 2165 deletions
@@ -113,15 +113,15 @@ basic_json(basic_json&& other) noexcept;
    ```mermaid
    flowchart TD
-        A(["initializer_list init"]) --> B{"empty, or every element is a 2-element<br/>array whose first element is a string?"}
+        A(["initializer_list init"]) --> B{{"empty, or every element is a 2-element<br/>array whose first element is a string?"}}
-        B -->|"yes"| C{"type_deduction"}
+        B -->|"yes"| C{{"type_deduction"}}
-        B -->|"no"| D{"type_deduction"}
+        B -->|"no"| D{{"type_deduction"}}
        C -->|"true"| OBJ["create object"]
-        C -->|"false"| E{"manual_type"}
+        C -->|"false"| E{{"manual_type"}}
        E -->|"object"| OBJ
        E -->|"array"| ARR["create array"]
        D -->|"true"| ARR
-        D -->|"false"| F{"manual_type"}
+        D -->|"false"| F{{"manual_type"}}
        F -->|"array"| ARR
        F -->|"object"| ERR["throw type_error.301"]
    ```
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ const_iterator begin() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to the first element.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-begin-end.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to the first element.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-begin-end.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@ error
 :   report a parse error in case of a tag (the `from_cbor` overloads throw a `parse_error` exception by default)
 ignore
-:   ignore tags (also in front of a text string map key)
+:   ignore tags
 store
 :   store tagged byte strings (for bytes 0xd8..0xdb) as binary values with the tag as subtype; other tagged values are
-    read as if the tag were ignored. If several tags precede a byte string, only the tag directly in front of it is
+    read as if the tag were ignored. If several tags precede a byte string, only the innermost one is stored.
    stored, and only when it has the form 0xd8..0xdb (a tag 0..23 written as 0xc0..0xd7 is skipped). Tags in front of a
    text string map key are skipped.
 ## Examples
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ const_iterator cend() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-begin-end.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-rbegin-rend.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first element. This element acts as a placeholder,
 attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-rbegin-rend.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ const_iterator end() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to one past the last element.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-begin-end.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ The exact mapping and its limitations are described on a [dedicated page](../../
    - an `std::istream` object
    - a `FILE` pointer
-    - a C-style array of characters (its terminating NUL is read as trailing data: `parse_error.110` unless `strict` is
+    - a C-style array of characters
-      `false`)
+    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters
    - a pointer to a null-terminated string of single byte characters (read up to the first 0x00 byte, which is a valid
      CBOR byte)
    - a container `obj` for which `begin(obj)` and `end(obj)` produce a valid pair of iterators
      (as found via ADL or member functions, with semantics compatible to `std::begin` and `std::end`)
@@ -91,14 +89,8 @@ Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON va
 - Throws [parse_error.112](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error112) if unsupported features from CBOR were
  used in the given input or if the input is not valid CBOR
 - Throws [parse_error.113](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionparse_error113) if a map key is not a string (keys of
-  other types are not supported, as JSON object keys are always strings), if the head of a string or byte string is
+  other types are not supported, as JSON object keys are always strings), or if a string value or object key is not
-  malformed (including a chunk of the wrong type or an indefinite-length string nested inside an indefinite-length
+  valid UTF-8 and `error_handler` is `strict`
  string), or if a string value or object key (or one chunk of an indefinite-length string) is not valid UTF-8 and
  `error_handler` is `strict`
 - Throws [out_of_range.408](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range408) if an array or map announces
  a length that `std::size_t` cannot hold, or that equals `std::size_t(-1)` (for example `9B FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF`)
 - Throws [out_of_range.406](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range406) if a floating-point number does not
  fit into `number_float_t`
 ## Complexity
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ The parser callback distinguishes the following events:
 ## Examples
-![Example when certain parse events are triggered](../../images/callback_events.png)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/callback_events.svg"
 </div>
 ??? example
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ table describes the values of the parameters `depth`, `event`, and `parsed`.
 | `parse_event_t::array_end`    | the parser read `]` and finished processing a JSON array  | depth of the parent of the JSON array     | the parsed JSON array            |
 | `parse_event_t::value`        | the parser finished reading a JSON value                  | depth of the value                        | the parsed JSON value            |
-![Example when certain parse events are triggered](../../images/callback_events.png)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/callback_events.svg"
 </div>
 Discarding a value (i.e., returning `#!cpp false`) has different effects depending on the context in which function was
 called:
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to the reverse-beginning; that is, the last element.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-rbegin-rend.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
 Returns an iterator to the reverse-end; that is, one before the first element. This element acts as a placeholder,
 attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-rbegin-rend.svg"
 </div>
 ## Return value
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ The exact mapping and its limitations are described on a [dedicated page](../../
 ## Exception safety
-Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value. Bytes that were already written to
+Strong guarantee: if an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the JSON value.
 the output adapter are not taken back.
 ## Exceptions
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
 /* nlohmann/json brand for Material for MkDocs (values from brand/kit/tokens.css) */
@font-face {
    font-family: "Inter";
    src: url("fonts/Inter.woff2") format("woff2");
    font-weight: 100 900;
    font-display: swap;
 }
@font-face {
    font-family: "Inter";
    src: url("fonts/Inter-Italic.woff2") format("woff2");
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 100 900;
    font-display: swap;
 }
@font-face {
    font-family: "JetBrains Mono";
    src: url("fonts/JetBrainsMono.woff2") format("woff2");
    font-weight: 100 800;
    font-display: swap;
 }
@font-face {
    font-family: "JetBrains Mono";
    src: url("fonts/JetBrainsMono-Italic.woff2") format("woff2");
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-display: swap;
 }
 :root {
    --md-text-font: "Inter";
    --md-code-font: "JetBrains Mono";
 }
 /* light */
 [data-md-color-scheme="default"] {
    --nj-blue: #1747a6;
    --nj-blue-deep: #10357d;
    --nj-blue-soft: #eaf1fd;
    --nj-band: #1747a6;
    --nj-red: #d93a3f;
    --nj-red-soft: #fdeced;
    --nj-string: #b4322a;
    --nj-comment: #646d7a;
    --md-primary-fg-color: var(--nj-band);
    --md-primary-fg-color--light: #1d55c4;
    --md-primary-fg-color--dark: #10357d;
    --md-accent-fg-color: var(--nj-blue-deep);
    --md-accent-fg-color--transparent: rgba(23, 71, 166, .1);
    --md-typeset-a-color: var(--nj-blue);
    --md-default-fg-color: #0f1419;
    --md-default-fg-color--light: #4a515c;
    --md-default-fg-color--lighter: #8a919c;
    --md-default-fg-color--lightest: #e3e6eb;
    --md-typeset-color: #0f1419;
    --md-code-bg-color: #f5f7fa;
    --md-code-fg-color: #0f1419;
 }
 /* dark */
 [data-md-color-scheme="slate"] {
    --nj-blue: #7aa7f5;
    --nj-blue-deep: #a9c6f8;
    --nj-blue-soft: #16233b;
    --nj-band: #173e8c;
    --nj-red: #f06a6e;
    --nj-red-soft: #3a1c1e;
    --nj-string: #f08a7e;
    --nj-comment: #8b929e;
    --md-hue: 220;
    --md-primary-fg-color: var(--nj-band);
    --md-primary-fg-color--light: #163f93;
    --md-primary-fg-color--dark: #0c2556;
    --md-accent-fg-color: var(--nj-blue-deep);
    --md-accent-fg-color--transparent: rgba(122, 167, 245, .12);
    --md-typeset-a-color: var(--nj-blue);
    --md-default-bg-color: #0f1218;
    --md-default-fg-color: #f2f4f7;
    --md-default-fg-color--light: #b3b9c4;
    --md-default-fg-color--lighter: #7b828e;
    --md-default-fg-color--lightest: #272c36;
    --md-typeset-color: #f2f4f7;
    --md-code-bg-color: #171b23;
    --md-code-fg-color: #f2f4f7;
    --md-footer-bg-color: #0b0e13;
    --md-footer-bg-color--dark: #08090d;
 }
 /* syntax colours (all at least 4.5:1 on the code panel in both schemes) */
 [data-md-color-scheme="default"] {
    --nj-hl-keyword: #1747a6;
    --nj-hl-type: #0d6e72;
    --nj-hl-function: #6b3fb8;
    --nj-hl-string: #23793a;
    --nj-hl-escape: #0f5d2a;
    --nj-hl-key: #10357d;
    --nj-hl-number: #b04a07;
    --nj-hl-preproc: #a3247a;
 }
 [data-md-color-scheme="slate"] {
    --nj-hl-keyword: #7aa7f5;
    --nj-hl-type: #4fd1c5;
    --nj-hl-function: #c4a3ff;
    --nj-hl-string: #7ed491;
    --nj-hl-escape: #b2ecc0;
    --nj-hl-key: #a9c6f8;
    --nj-hl-number: #f5a65b;
    --nj-hl-preproc: #f48fc8;
 }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.k, .kd, .kn, .kr, .kp, .kv, .ow) { color: var(--nj-hl-keyword); font-weight: 600; }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.kt, .nc, .nn, .na) { color: var(--nj-hl-type); }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.nf, .fm, .nb, .bp) { color: var(--nj-hl-function); }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.s, .s1, .s2, .sb, .sc, .sd, .sh, .sx, .sr, .ss, .sa, .dl, .cpf) { color: var(--nj-hl-string); }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.se, .si) { color: var(--nj-hl-escape); font-weight: 600; }
 .md-typeset .highlight .nt { color: var(--nj-hl-key); }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.m, .mi, .mf, .mh, .mo, .mb, .il, .kc) { color: var(--nj-hl-number); }
 .md-typeset .highlight .kc { font-weight: 500; }
 .md-typeset .highlight .cp { color: var(--nj-hl-preproc); }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.c, .c1, .cm, .ch, .cs) { color: var(--nj-comment); font-style: italic; }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.o, .p) { color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light); }
 .md-typeset .highlight :is(.n, .nx, .nv, .no, .ni, .nl, .py) { color: var(--md-code-fg-color); }
 .md-typeset .highlight .err { color: inherit; background: none; }
 /* typography: Inter with cv11/ss03, bold headlines with negative tracking */
 body {
    font-feature-settings: "cv11", "ss03";
 }
 .md-typeset {
    font-size: .85rem;          /* 17 px body */
    line-height: 1.65;
 }
 .md-typeset h1 {
    color: var(--md-typeset-color);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -.035em;
    line-height: 1.1;
 }
 .md-typeset h2 {
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -.025em;
    line-height: 1.15;
 }
 .md-typeset h3 {
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -.015em;
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) {
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
 }
 /* header and tabs: one blue band with the faint syntax pattern; wordmark instead of the site name.
   A veil over the tile keeps the glyphs from running through the navigation text; the hero shows the pattern at full strength. */
 .md-header, .md-tabs {
    --nj-veil: linear-gradient(color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-primary-fg-color) 62%, transparent), color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-primary-fg-color) 62%, transparent));
    background-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
    background-image: var(--nj-veil), url("pattern-on-blue.svg");
    background-size: auto, 160px 160px;
    background-position: 0 0, 0 0;
 }
 .md-tabs {
    background-position: 0 0, 0 -48px;     /* continue the header's tile */
 }
 .md-header__button.md-logo img {
    width: auto;
    height: 1.5rem;
 }
 .md-header__topic:first-child .md-ellipsis {   /* the wordmark replaces the site name at every width */
    display: none;
 }
@media screen and (max-width: 76.234375em) {   /* Material hides the header logo here: show the wordmark on phones, too */
    .md-header__button.md-logo {
        display: block;
        margin: 0 0 0 .2rem;
        padding: .4rem .2rem;
    }
    .md-header__button[for="__drawer"] {
        order: -1;
    }
 }
 .md-nav__button.md-logo img {
    width: auto;
    height: 1.4rem;
 }
 /* shapes: 6 px corners on blocks, 4 px on inline code */
 .md-typeset pre > code, .md-typeset .highlight, .md-typeset .highlighttable,
 .md-typeset .admonition, .md-typeset details, .md-typeset .tabbed-set,
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li, .md-typeset .md-button {
    border-radius: 6px;
 }
 .md-typeset code {
    border-radius: 4px;
 }
 /* inline code: the font alone marks it, no grey box; linked code keeps the link colour */
 .md-typeset :not(pre) > code {
    padding: 0;
    background-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    color: inherit;
    font-size: .88em;
 }
 .md-typeset .highlight pre > code, .md-typeset .highlighttable {
    border: 1px solid var(--md-default-fg-color--lightest);
 }
 /* callouts: 3 px left border; note/info/tip in blue on blue-soft, danger/bug in red on red-soft */
 .md-typeset .admonition, .md-typeset details {
    border-width: 0 0 0 3px;
    box-shadow: none;
    font-size: .8rem;
 }
 .md-typeset :is(.admonition, details):is(.note, .info, .tip, .abstract, .example, .question) {
    border-color: var(--nj-blue);
    background-color: var(--nj-blue-soft);
 }
 .md-typeset :is(.note, .info, .tip, .abstract, .example, .question) > :is(.admonition-title, summary) {
    background-color: transparent;
 }
 .md-typeset :is(.note, .info, .tip, .abstract, .example, .question) > :is(.admonition-title, summary)::before {
    background-color: var(--nj-blue);
 }
 .md-typeset :is(.admonition, details):is(.danger, .bug, .failure) {
    border-color: var(--nj-red);
    background-color: var(--nj-red-soft);
 }
 .md-typeset :is(.danger, .bug, .failure) > :is(.admonition-title, summary) {
    background-color: transparent;
 }
 .md-typeset :is(.danger, .bug, .failure) > :is(.admonition-title, summary)::before {
    background-color: var(--nj-red);
 }
 /* buttons */
 .md-typeset .md-button--primary {
    background-color: var(--nj-blue);
    border-color: var(--nj-blue);
 }
 /* home page hero (overrides/home.html): blue band with the syntax pattern, headline, lead, buttons, code panel */
 .nj-hero {
    --nj-hero-to: #123a8a;
    color: #fff;
    background-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
    background-image: url("pattern-on-blue.svg"), linear-gradient(160deg, var(--md-primary-fg-color), var(--nj-hero-to));
    background-size: 160px 160px, auto;
    background-position: 0 -96px, 0 0;        /* continue the tile of header and tabs */
 }
 [data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .nj-hero {
    --nj-hero-to: #0c2556;
 }
 .nj-hero__inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 2.4rem;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 3rem .8rem 3.6rem;
 }
 .nj-hero__kicker {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 0;
    padding: .15rem .55rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);
    border-radius: 4px;
    color: #bcd3fb;
    font-family: var(--md-code-font-family);
    font-size: .65rem;                         /* 13 px */
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: .02em;
 }
 .nj-hero__title {
    margin: 0 0 .8rem;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 4.2vw, 3.2rem);   /* 34-64 px */
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.02;
    letter-spacing: -.035em;
 }
 .nj-hero__title span {
    color: #bcd3fb;
 }
 .nj-hero__lead {
    max-width: 22em;
    margin: 0 0 2rem;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.2vw, 1.6rem);   /* 22-32 px */
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.35;
    letter-spacing: -.015em;
 }
 .nj-hero__actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: .6rem;
    margin: 0;
 }
 .nj-hero .md-button.nj-hero__button {
    margin: 0;
    padding: .55em 1.3em;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);
    border-radius: 6px;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: .75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
 }
 .nj-hero .md-button--primary.nj-hero__button {
    border-color: #fff;
    background-color: #fff;
    color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
 }
 .nj-hero .md-button.nj-hero__button:is(:hover, :focus) {
    border-color: #fff;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);
    color: #fff;
 }
 .nj-hero .md-button--primary.nj-hero__button:is(:hover, :focus) {
    background-color: #eaf1fd;
    color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
 }
 .nj-hero__code {
    border-radius: 6px;
    background-color: var(--md-code-bg-color);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(5, 18, 48, .35);
 }
 .nj-hero__code pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    color: var(--md-code-fg-color);
    font-family: var(--md-code-font-family);
    font-size: .7rem;                          /* 14 px */
    line-height: 1.7;
 }
 .nj-hero__code .nj-k { color: var(--nj-hl-type); }
 .nj-hero__code .nj-s { color: var(--nj-hl-string); }
 .nj-hero__code .nj-n { color: var(--nj-hl-number); }
 .nj-hero__code .nj-c { color: var(--nj-comment); font-style: italic; }
@media screen and (max-width: 59.984375em) {
    .nj-hero__inner {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 1.8rem;
        padding: 2rem .8rem 2.4rem;
    }
 }
@media screen and (max-width: 29.984375em) {
    .nj-hero__code pre {
        font-size: .6rem;
    }
 }
 /* the hero carries the headline: keep the page's h1 for the title and screen readers only */
 body:has(.nj-hero) .md-content__inner > h1 {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
    white-space: nowrap;
 }
 /* cards: 1 px line border, 6 px corners, blue icon on soft blue, blue border on hover */
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li {
    padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--md-default-fg-color--lightest);
    background-color: var(--md-default-bg-color);
    transition: border-color 150ms, box-shadow 150ms, transform 150ms;
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li:is(:hover, :focus-within) {
    border-color: var(--nj-blue);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(23, 71, 166, .12);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li > hr {
    display: none;
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards .twemoji.lg {
    box-sizing: content-box;
    margin-right: .5rem;
    padding: .3rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background-color: var(--nj-blue-soft);
    color: var(--nj-blue);
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li > p:first-child strong {
    font-size: .9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li > p:last-child a {
    font-weight: 600;
 }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li { transition: none; transform: none !important; }
 }
 /* home page: no table of contents, so keep the text at reading width and the cards in three columns */
 body:has(.nj-hero) .md-content {
    max-width: 58rem;
    margin: 0 auto;
 }
@media screen and (min-width: 60em) {
    body:has(.nj-hero) .md-typeset .grid.cards {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }
 }
 /* lists: Material's indent, bullets as small blue squares, numbers in the secondary text colour */
 .md-typeset ul:not(.task-list, .md-annotation-list) > li {
    position: relative;
    list-style: none;
 }
 .md-typeset ul:not(.task-list, .md-annotation-list) > li::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: .65em;                 /* middle of the first line at line-height 1.65 */
    left: -.95em;
    width: .36em;
    height: .36em;
    background-color: var(--nj-blue);
 }
 .md-typeset ol > li::marker {
    color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards > ul > li::before {
    display: none;
 }
 /* wider page: Material's grid stops at 61rem (1220 px) */
 .md-grid {
    max-width: 72rem;           /* 1440 px */
 }
 /* tables: full width, 1 px line border with 6 px corners, header row on the panel colour, 15 px text */
 .md-typeset__table {
    display: block;             /* Material: inline-block, so tables only grow to their content */
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) {
    display: table;
    width: 100%;
    border: 1px solid var(--md-default-fg-color--lightest);
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: .75rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) th {
    padding: .65em 1em;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--md-default-fg-color--lightest);
    background-color: var(--md-code-bg-color);
    color: var(--md-typeset-color);
    font-weight: 600;
    vertical-align: bottom;
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) th:first-child { border-top-left-radius: 5px; }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) th:last-child { border-top-right-radius: 5px; }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) td {
    padding: .65em 1em;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--md-default-fg-color--lightest);
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) tbody tr:first-child td {
    border-top: 0;
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) tbody tr:hover {
    background-color: var(--nj-blue-soft);
    box-shadow: none;
 }
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) td code {
    white-space: nowrap;
 }
 /* numbers and header code stay on one line; a table wider than the screen scrolls sideways instead */
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) :is(td, th):is([align="right"], [style*="right"]),
 .md-typeset table:not([class]) th code {
    white-space: nowrap;
 }
@media screen and (max-width: 44.984375em) {
    .md-typeset table:not([class]) {
        font-size: .7rem;
    }
    .md-typeset table:not([class]) :is(th, td) {
        padding: .55em .75em;
    }
 }
 /* more room before headings (Material: h2 1.6em, h3 1.6em, h4-h6 1-1.25em) and at the end of each page (1.2rem) */
 .md-typeset h2 { margin-top: 2.4em; }
 .md-typeset h3 { margin-top: 2.2em; }
 .md-typeset h2 + h3 { margin-top: .8em; }
 .md-typeset :is(h4, h5, h6) { margin-top: 1.8em; }
 .md-content__inner {
    margin-bottom: 4.8rem;      /* 96 px */
 }
 /* Mermaid diagrams: white boxes with a blue outline, grey lines, Inter; shapes and spacing in js/mermaid-brand.js */
 :root > * {
    --md-mermaid-font-family: var(--md-text-font-family), sans-serif;
    --md-mermaid-edge-color: var(--md-default-fg-color--lighter);
    --md-mermaid-node-bg-color: var(--md-default-bg-color);
    --md-mermaid-node-fg-color: var(--nj-blue);
    --md-mermaid-label-bg-color: var(--md-default-bg-color);
    --md-mermaid-label-fg-color: var(--md-default-fg-color);
    --md-mermaid-sequence-actor-bg-color: var(--nj-blue-soft);
    --md-mermaid-sequence-actor-line-color: var(--md-default-fg-color--lighter);
    --md-mermaid-sequence-note-bg-color: var(--md-code-bg-color);
    --md-mermaid-sequence-note-border-color: var(--md-default-fg-color--lightest);
    --md-mermaid-sequence-number-fg-color: #fff;
 }
 /* a diagram wider than the column scrolls sideways (js/mermaid-brand.js stops shrinking it at 80 %) */
 .md-typeset .mermaid {
    overflow-x: auto;
 }
 /* ---- polish pass ---- */
 /* header: a search field that reads as a field on the band, tabs with an active marker, readable GitHub facts */
 .md-header .md-search__form {
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .22);
    border-radius: 6px;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);
    transition: background-color 150ms, border-color 150ms;
 }
 .md-header .md-search__form:hover {
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .4);
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .2);
 }
 .md-search__output {
    border-radius: 0 0 6px 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(5, 18, 48, .28);
 }
 .md-search-result__link:focus-visible, .md-search-result__more summary:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--nj-blue);
    outline-offset: -2px;
 }
 .md-tabs__link {
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    opacity: .85;
 }
 .md-tabs__item--active .md-tabs__link, .md-tabs__link:hover {
    opacity: 1;
 }
 .md-tabs__item--active {
    box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 0 #fff;
 }
 .md-source__facts {
    font-size: .62rem;
 }
 /* footer: deep brand blue instead of neutral black (the dark scheme keeps its own near-black) */
 [data-md-color-scheme="default"] {
    --md-footer-bg-color: #0d2a66;
    --md-footer-bg-color--dark: #0a2152;
 }
 .md-footer-meta .md-copyright, .md-footer-meta .md-copyright a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);
 }
 .md-footer__link {
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: background-color 150ms;
 }
 .md-footer__link:is(:hover, :focus-visible) {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .08);
 }
 /* page title: tighter to the first paragraph; page actions (view/edit source) stay in the background */
 .md-typeset h1 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
 }
 .md-content__button {
    opacity: .55;
    transition: opacity 150ms;
 }
 .md-content__button:is(:hover, :focus-visible) {
    opacity: 1;
 }
 body:has(.nj-hero) .md-content__button {
    display: none;
 }
 /* sidebars: bold marker for the current page, rail and marker for the table of contents */
 .md-nav__link--active {
    font-weight: 600;
 }
 .md-nav--secondary > .md-nav__list {
    margin-left: -.1rem;
    border-left: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-default-fg-color) 16%, transparent);
 }
 .md-nav--secondary .md-nav__link {
    margin-left: -1px;
    padding-left: .6rem;
    border-left: 2px solid transparent;
 }
 .md-nav--secondary .md-nav__link--active {
    border-left-color: var(--nj-blue);
    color: var(--nj-blue);
 }
 .md-nav--secondary .md-nav__list .md-nav__list {
    padding-left: .6rem;
 }
 .md-nav--secondary .md-nav__title {
    font-size: .64rem;
    letter-spacing: .04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
 }
 /* keyboard focus: one visible ring in the brand blue */
 .md-typeset a:focus-visible, .md-typeset .md-button:focus-visible, .md-typeset summary:focus-visible,
 .md-nav__link:focus-visible, .md-tabs__link:focus-visible, .md-top:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--nj-blue);
    outline-offset: 2px;
    border-radius: 3px;
 }
 .md-header :is(a, button, label):focus-visible, .nj-hero a:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #fff;
    outline-offset: 2px;
 }
 /* inline code must not stretch the line box (JetBrains Mono has tall metrics), abbreviations stay quiet */
 .md-typeset :not(pre) > code {
    line-height: 1;
 }
 .md-typeset abbr {
    border-bottom-color: var(--md-default-fg-color--lighter);
 }
 .md-typeset :is(h1, h2, h3, h4, a, .grid.cards > ul > li > p:first-child) abbr {
    border-bottom-color: transparent;
 }
 /* number railroad diagram: inline SVG (docs/images/json_syntax_number.svg), follows the colour scheme */
 .md-typeset .railroad-wrap, .md-typeset .nj-fig-wrap {
    overflow-x: auto;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
 }
 .md-typeset svg.railroad {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 36rem;
    max-width: 52rem;
    margin-inline: auto;
    color: var(--md-default-fg-color);
    font-family: var(--md-text-font-family), sans-serif;
 }
 .railroad .rr-t { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-typeset-a-color) 10%, transparent); stroke: var(--md-typeset-a-color); stroke-width: 2; }
 .railroad .rr-track, .railroad .rr-n { stroke: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 60%, var(--md-default-bg-color)); stroke-opacity: 1; }   /* opaque, so overlapping segments do not darken */
 .railroad .rr-n { fill: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 6%, transparent); stroke-width: 2; }
 .railroad .rr-bg { fill: var(--md-default-bg-color); }
 .railroad .rr-arrow { fill: currentColor; fill-opacity: .6; }
 .railroad text { fill: currentColor; text-anchor: middle; }
 .railroad .rr-c { font-family: var(--md-code-font-family), monospace; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; }
 .railroad .rr-b { font-size: 14.5px; font-weight: 500; }
 .railroad .rr-l { font-size: 14px; text-anchor: start; fill-opacity: .6; }
 .railroad .rr-name { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; fill-opacity: 1; }
 /* figures drawn as inline SVG (docs/images/callback_events.svg, range-*.svg): they follow the colour scheme */
 .md-typeset svg.nj-fig {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    margin-inline: auto;
    color: var(--md-default-fg-color);
    font-family: var(--md-text-font-family), sans-serif;
 }
 .md-typeset svg.nj-fig--range { min-width: 30rem; max-width: 40rem; }
 .md-typeset svg.nj-fig--cb { max-width: 30rem; }
 .nj-fig { --fg-line: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 55%, var(--md-default-bg-color)); }
 .nj-fig .fg-cell { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-typeset-a-color) 14%, var(--md-default-bg-color)); stroke: var(--fg-line); stroke-width: 1.5; }
 .nj-fig .fg-cell--end { fill: none; stroke-dasharray: 4 3; }
 .nj-fig .fg-pill { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-typeset-a-color) 10%, var(--md-default-bg-color)); stroke: var(--md-typeset-a-color); stroke-width: 1.5; }
 .nj-fig .fg-pilltext { fill: var(--md-typeset-a-color); font-family: var(--md-code-font-family), monospace; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; text-anchor: middle; }
 .nj-fig .fg-arrow { stroke: var(--fg-line); stroke-width: 1.5; fill: none; }
 .nj-fig .fg-arrow--dash { stroke-dasharray: 3 3; }
 .nj-fig .fg-head { fill: var(--fg-line); }
 .nj-fig .fg-note { fill: currentColor; fill-opacity: .7; font-size: 13.5px; text-anchor: middle; }
 .nj-fig .fg-note--r { text-anchor: end; }
 .nj-fig .fg-note--l { text-anchor: start; }
 .nj-fig .fg-h { fill: currentColor; fill-opacity: .7; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; }
 .nj-fig .fg-code { fill: currentColor; font-family: var(--md-code-font-family), monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; }
 .nj-fig .fg-leg { font-size: 15px; }
 .nj-fig { --cb-os: #4eb05a; --cb-oe: #1a6b34; --cb-k: #e5534b; --cb-as: #f0c000; --cb-ae: #b07d00; --cb-v: #1f6fd1; }
 [data-md-color-scheme="slate"] .nj-fig { --cb-os: #7ee787; --cb-oe: #2ea043; --cb-k: #ff7b72; --cb-as: #f2cc60; --cb-ae: #c69026; --cb-v: #58a6ff; }
 .nj-fig .cb-os { fill: var(--cb-os); }
 .nj-fig .cb-oe { fill: var(--cb-oe); }
 .nj-fig .cb-k { fill: var(--cb-k); }
 .nj-fig .cb-as { fill: var(--cb-as); }
 .nj-fig .cb-ae { fill: var(--cb-ae); }
 .nj-fig .cb-v { fill: var(--cb-v); }
 .md-typeset img[src*="json-light"], .md-typeset img[src*="json-dark"] {
    border-radius: 8px;
 }
 .md-typeset img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
 }
 /* home page: content uses the same column as every other page */
 body:has(.nj-hero) .md-content {
    max-width: none;
    margin: 0;
 }
 .md-typeset .grid.cards {
    width: auto;
 }
 /* 404 page (overrides/404.html) */
 .nj-404 {
    max-width: 30rem;
    padding: 2rem 0 3rem;
 }
 .nj-404__code {
    margin: 0 0 .4rem;
    color: var(--nj-blue);
    font-family: var(--md-code-font-family);
    font-size: .8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
 }
 .md-typeset .nj-404 h1 {
    margin-bottom: .8rem;
 }
 .nj-404 .md-button {
    margin: .4rem .4rem 0 0;
 }
 /* touch targets and phones */
@media screen and (max-width: 59.984375em) {
    .md-nav__link {
        padding-block: .2rem;
    }
 }
@media screen and (max-width: 29.984375em) {
    .md-typeset h1 {
        font-size: 1.7em;
    }
    .md-typeset .highlight pre > code {
        font-size: .68rem;
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 <svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='160' height='160'><g font-family='Menlo,monospace' font-size='26' font-weight='600' fill='#ffffff' fill-opacity='0.10'><text x='14' y='34'>{</text><text x='92' y='22'>]</text><text x='136' y='60'>:</text><text x='52' y='82'>[</text><text x='118' y='112'>,</text><text x='20' y='140'>}</text><text x='78' y='150'>:</text><text x='140' y='158'>{</text></g></svg>
@@ -124,20 +124,20 @@ For all the macros, the first parameter is the name of the class/struct. The `DE
 ```mermaid
 flowchart TD
-    A["choosing a NLOHMANN_DEFINE_* macro"] --> B{"adding fields to a base class?"}
+    A["choosing a NLOHMANN_DEFINE_* macro"] --> B{{"adding fields to a base class?"}}
    B -->|"yes"| C["...DERIVED_TYPE..."]
    B -->|"no"| D["...TYPE..."]
-    C --> E{"need access to private members?"}
+    C --> E{{"need access to private members?"}}
    D --> E
    E -->|"yes"| F["...INTRUSIVE... (used inside the class)"]
    E -->|"no"| G["...NON_INTRUSIVE... (used in the namespace)"]
-    F --> H{"only serializing, never parsing back?"}
+    F --> H{{"only serializing, never parsing back?"}}
    G --> H
    H -->|"yes"| I["...ONLY_SERIALIZE"]
-    H -->|"no"| J{"allow missing keys when parsing?"}
+    H -->|"no"| J{{"allow missing keys when parsing?"}}
    J -->|"yes"| K["...WITH_DEFAULT"]
    J -->|"no"| L["plain (missing keys throw)"]
-    I --> M{"need custom JSON key names?"}
+    I --> M{{"need custom JSON key names?"}}
    K --> M
    L --> M
    M -->|"yes"| N["...WITH_NAMES"]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ extremely small code sizes, fairly small message size, and extensibility without
 ## Byte layout
-CBOR encodes every data item as a *head* followed by optional content. The first byte of the head holds the *major type* in its upper three bits (unsigned integer, negative integer, byte string, text string, array, map, tag, or simple/float) and an *additional information* value in its lower five bits. Additional information below 24 is the argument itself (for example, a small integer or a short length); the values 24 to 27 announce that the argument follows in 1, 2, 4, or 8 big-endian bytes. Strings, arrays, and maps are prefixed with their length (or count of elements/pairs), and content follows directly. A reader of definite-length items knows how many items to expect without a terminator; indefinite-length items (additional information 31) are instead closed by the "break" byte 0xFF, which `from_cbor` reads but `to_cbor` never writes.
+CBOR encodes every data item as a *head* followed by optional content. The first byte of the head holds the *major type* in its upper three bits (unsigned integer, negative integer, byte string, text string, array, map, tag, or simple/float) and an *additional information* value in its lower five bits. Additional information below 24 is the argument itself (for example, a small integer or a short length); the values 24 to 27 announce that the argument follows in 1, 2, 4, or 8 big-endian bytes. Strings, arrays, and maps are prefixed with their length (or count of elements/pairs), and content follows directly, so a reader always knows how many items to expect without a terminator.
 Consider the following JSON value (shown formatted for readability):
@@ -52,16 +52,16 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to CBOR types acco
 | null            | `null`                                     | Null                              | 0xF6       |
 | boolean         | `true`                                     | True                              | 0xF5       |
 | boolean         | `false`                                    | False                             | 0xF4       |
-| number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-4294967297          | Negative integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x3B       |
+| number_integer  | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649          | Negative integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x3B       |
-| number_integer  | -4294967296..-65537                        | Negative integer (4 bytes follow) | 0x3A       |
+| number_integer  | -2147483648..-32769                        | Negative integer (4 bytes follow) | 0x3A       |
-| number_integer  | -65536..-257                               | Negative integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x39       |
+| number_integer  | -32768..-129                               | Negative integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x39       |
-| number_integer  | -256..-25                                  | Negative integer (1 byte follow)  | 0x38       |
+| number_integer  | -128..-25                                  | Negative integer (1 byte follow)  | 0x38       |
 | number_integer  | -24..-1                                    | Negative integer                  | 0x20..0x37 |
 | number_integer  | 0..23                                      | Integer                           | 0x00..0x17 |
 | number_integer  | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)  | 0x18       |
 | number_integer  | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x19       |
 | number_integer  | 65536..4294967295                          | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow) | 0x1A       |
-| number_integer  | 4294967296..9223372036854775807            | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x1B       |
+| number_integer  | 4294967296..18446744073709551615           | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x1B       |
 | number_unsigned | 0..23                                      | Integer                           | 0x00..0x17 |
 | number_unsigned | 24..255                                    | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow)  | 0x18       |
 | number_unsigned | 256..65535                                 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x19       |
@@ -95,24 +95,7 @@ see "binary" cells in the table above.
 !!! success "Complete mapping"
-    The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a CBOR value, with one
+    The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a CBOR value.
    exception: an integer outside the range of CBOR integers (only possible with a number type wider than 64 bits)
    throws [`out_of_range.407`](../../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptionout_of_range407).
 !!! info "Not a deterministic encoding"
    `to_cbor` does not produce the deterministic encoding of
    [RFC 8949, Section 4.2.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-4.2.1), and not always the preferred
    serialization of Section 4.1:
    - floating-point numbers are written as single precision (0xFA) when that is exact and as double precision (0xFB)
      otherwise; half precision (0xF9) is used only for `NaN` and `Infinity`/`-Infinity` (`1.0` is `fa 3f 80 00 00`);
    - a binary subtype 0..23 is written as `d8 xx` instead of the one-byte tag 0xC0..0xD7 (`d8 01 41 01`);
    - object members are written in the order of `object_t` (for the default `std::map`: sorted by the key string, not
      by the encoded key bytes).
    Integers and lengths use the shortest form, and indefinite-length items are never written. Decoders must accept all
    of this; the RFC does not require the preferred serialization.
 !!! info "NaN/infinity handling"
@@ -122,8 +105,9 @@ see "binary" cells in the table above.
 !!! note
-    Prior to version 3.8.0, NaN and Infinity were instead serialized as a CBOR double-precision float (type 0xFB,
+    Prior to version 3.13.0, NaN and Infinity were instead serialized as a CBOR double-precision float (type 0xFB,
-    9 bytes total).
+    9 bytes total), because the check used to select a smaller encoding compared magnitudes with NaN, which is
    always `false` and caused the intended half-precision path to be skipped.
 !!! info "Unused CBOR types"
@@ -140,6 +124,7 @@ see "binary" cells in the table above.
      - expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
      - simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
      - undefined (0xF7)
      - half-precision floats (0xF9)
      - break (0xFF)
 !!! info "Tagged items"
@@ -241,20 +226,10 @@ string of the same major type, as required by [RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3](https://
    ([RFC 8392](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392.html)), cannot be read with this library and need a
    general-purpose CBOR library instead.
    A tag in front of a text string key is handled like a tag in front of a value: it is skipped with
    `cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` or `cbor_tag_handler_t::store` and rejected with the default `error`. A tag does not
    turn a key of another type into a text string.
    A map with duplicate keys is well-formed, but invalid under
    [RFC 8949, Section 5.3.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-5.3.1). `from_cbor` accepts it and the
    last value wins; the [SAX interface](../parsing/sax_interface.md) reports every occurrence.
 !!! warning "Ill-formed UTF-8 in text strings"
    [RFC 8949, Section 3.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-3.1) requires CBOR text strings (major
-    type 3) to be valid UTF-8 (a string with ill-formed UTF-8 is "well-formed but invalid"), and
+    type 3) to be valid UTF-8, but leaves it up to the decoder whether to enforce this, so checking is opt-in: with the
    [Section 5.3.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-5.3.1) leaves it up to the decoder whether to
    verify this, so checking is opt-in: with the
    [`error_handler`](../../api/basic_json/from_cbor.md) parameter left at `keep` (the default), `from_cbor()` accepts a
    text string (object keys included) whose bytes are not valid UTF-8 and hands them back unchanged. Passing
    `error_handler_t::strict` makes `from_cbor()` check and throw
@@ -267,14 +242,9 @@ string of the same major type, as required by [RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3](https://
    [`JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8`](../../api/macros/json_strict_binary_utf8.md) is enabled), it throws the same exception
    instead. Byte strings (major type 2) are unaffected, since they are not required to hold text.
    The chunks of an indefinite-length text string are checked one by one, as required by
    [RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-3.2.3): a code point cannot be spread
    over two chunks. With `error_handler_t::strict` such a string throws `parse_error.113`; `replace` and `ignore`
    sanitize each chunk on its own.
 !!! warning "Tagged items"
-    Tagged items (0xC0..0xDB) will throw a parse error by default. They can be ignored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` to function `from_cbor`, in which case the tag is skipped and the enclosed data item is parsed on its own. Passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::store` to function `from_cbor` stores tagged byte strings (for bytes 0xd8..0xdb) as binary values with the tag as subtype; other tagged values are read as if the tag were ignored. If several tags precede a byte string, only the tag directly in front of it is stored, and only when it has the form 0xD8..0xDB (a tag 0..23 written as 0xC0..0xD7 is skipped); for example, `D8 05 C1 41 AA` yields subtype `null`, whereas `C1 D8 05 41 AA` yields 5. Tags in front of a text string map key are skipped as well. Note that no tag is ever interpreted: for instance, a text string tagged with tag 0 (date/time) stays a string.
+    Tagged items (0xC0..0xDB) will throw a parse error by default. They can be ignored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` to function `from_cbor`, in which case the tag is skipped and the enclosed data item is parsed on its own. Passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::store` to function `from_cbor` stores tagged byte strings (for bytes 0xd8..0xdb) as binary values with the tag as subtype; other tagged values are read as if the tag were ignored. If several tags precede a byte string, only the innermost one is stored. Note that no tag is ever interpreted: for instance, a text string tagged with tag 0 (date/time) stays a string.
 ??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from CBOR"
@@ -301,8 +301,6 @@ representation using the length of the byte array.
    [`json::from_cbor`](../api/basic_json/from_cbor.md) (see
    [`cbor_tag_handler_t`](../api/basic_json/cbor_tag_handler_t.md)).
    With `ignore`, the subtype is dropped (`"subtype": null`); with `store`, the tag is kept (`"subtype": 42`):
    ```json
    {
      "binary": {
@@ -312,15 +310,6 @@ representation using the length of the byte array.
    }
    ```
    ```json
    {
      "binary": {
        "bytes": [202, 254, 186, 190],
        "subtype": 42
      }
    }
    ```
 ### MessagePack
 [MessagePack](binary_formats/messagepack.md) supports binary values and subtypes. If a subtype is given, the ext family
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ the value, or `end()` if it is not found).
 ```mermaid
 flowchart TD
-    A["accessing a value"] --> B{"must it exist?"}
+    A["accessing a value"] --> B{{"must it exist?"}}
    B -->|"yes, missing is an error"| C["at() -- throws"]
    B -->|"yes, but checking is my job"| D["operator[] -- unchecked"]
    B -->|"no, a fallback is fine"| E["value() -- default value"]
-    A --> F{"just testing first?"}
+    A --> F{{"just testing first?"}}
    F -->|"yes"| G["contains() / find()"]
 ```
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ As for other containers, [`begin()`](../api/basic_json/begin.md) returns an iter
 placeholder and cannot be dereferenced. In case of null values, empty arrays, or empty objects, `begin()` will return
 `end()`.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../images/range-begin-end.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-begin-end.svg"
 </div>
 ### Iteration order for objects
@@ -112,7 +114,9 @@ for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
 [`rbegin()`](../api/basic_json/rbegin.md) and [`rend()`](../api/basic_json/rend.md) return iterators in the reverse
 sequence.
-![Illustration from cppreference.com](../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
+<div class="nj-fig-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/range-rbegin-rend.svg"
 </div>
 ??? example "Example: reverse iteration with `rbegin()` and `rend()`"
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ JSON defines the syntax of numbers as follows:
 The following railroad diagram from [json.org](https://json.org) visualizes the number syntax:
-![Syntax for JSON numbers](../../images/json_syntax_number.png)
+<div class="railroad-wrap" markdown>
 --8<-- "images/json_syntax_number.svg"
 </div>
 ### Number interoperability
@@ -69,9 +71,9 @@ otherwise, it uses unsigned integer storage.
 ```mermaid
 flowchart TD
-    A["number literal"] --> B{"has a fraction (.) or exponent (e/E)?"}
+    A["number literal"] --> B{{"has a fraction (.) or exponent (e/E)?"}}
    B -->|"yes"| F["number_float_t"]
-    B -->|"no"| C{"has a leading minus sign?"}
+    B -->|"no"| C{{"has a leading minus sign?"}}
    C -->|"yes"| D["try number_integer_t"]
    C -->|"no"| E["try number_unsigned_t"]
    D -->|"overflow"| F
@@ -368,7 +368,8 @@ using array_t = ArrayType<basic_json, AllocatorType<basic_json>>;
  `#!cpp std::from_chars` is not available or declines the token, and `std::strtold` reads up to the null character. A type whose `data()`
  is not null-terminated does not fail to compile; with such a `NumberFloatType` it can silently misparse
  floating-point numbers.
- `append(const char*, size_type)`, used by [`dump`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) and by the binary readers. The library's internal string concatenation additionally has
+- `append(const char*, size_type)`, used by [`dump`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md), and `append(const StringType&)`,
  used by the CBOR reader for indefinite-length strings. The library's internal string concatenation additionally has
  to append a `#!cpp char` and a `#!cpp const char*`; for each it selects between `append(arg)`, `#!cpp operator+=`,
  `append(first, last)`, and `append(data, size)`.
 - The comparison operator `==` against another `StringType`, and `<` for use as a key of the chosen
@@ -677,7 +678,8 @@ using binary_t = nlohmann::byte_container_with_subtype<BinaryType>;
  [`StringType`](#stringtype), whose non-`#!cpp const` `data()` is C++17 and later only.
 - Default-constructible, copy-constructible, and move-constructible.
 - Member functions `size()`, `empty()`, `data()`, `resize()`, `operator[]`, `back()`, `begin()`, `end()`, `cbegin()`,
-  and `cend()` with random-access iterators. `push_back()` is **not** required.
+  and `cend()` with random-access iterators, and `insert(pos, first, last)`, which the CBOR reader uses to join the
  chunks of an indefinite-length byte string. `push_back()` is **not** required.
 - Comparison operators: `==` is used by
  [`byte_container_with_subtype`](../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/index.md), the relational operators by
  [`basic_json`'s comparison operators](../../api/basic_json/operator_le.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
 <svg class="nj-fig nj-fig--cb" viewBox="0 0 480 262" role="img" aria-labelledby="fig-cb-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
 <title id="fig-cb-title">Example of the parse events a callback sees for the J&#8203;SON text {&quot;name&quot;: &quot;Berlin&quot;, &quot;location&quot;: [52.519444, 13.406667]}: object_start after the opening brace, key after each key, array_start after the opening bracket, value after each value, array_end after the closing bracket, and object_end after the closing brace. Every array and object also produces a value event when it is complete.</title>
 <text class="fg-h" x="16" y="28">J&#8203;SON to parse</text>
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 <text class="fg-code" x="16" y="74" xml:space="preserve">{</text>
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 <circle class="cb-v" cx="74.8" cy="209" r="5.5"/>
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 <circle class="cb-oe" cx="35.6" cy="237" r="5.5"/>
 <circle class="cb-v" cx="55.6" cy="237" r="5.5"/>
 <circle class="cb-os" cx="327" cy="69" r="6"/>
 <text class="fg-code fg-leg" x="344" y="74">object_start</text>
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 <text class="fg-code fg-leg" x="344" y="104">key</text>
 <circle class="cb-oe" cx="327" cy="129" r="6"/>
 <text class="fg-code fg-leg" x="344" y="134">object_end</text>
 <circle class="cb-as" cx="327" cy="159" r="6"/>
 <text class="fg-code fg-leg" x="344" y="164">array_start</text>
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 <text class="fg-code fg-leg" x="344" y="224">value</text>
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848.9Q203.6 977.3 329.7Line truncated
@@ -1,63 +1,11 @@
 ---
 template: home.html
 hide:
  - toc
 ---
 # JSON for Modern C++
 ![JSON for Modern C++](images/json.gif)
 JSON for Modern C++ is a header-only C++11 library that turns JSON into a first-class C++ data type, using the operator
 magic of modern C++ so that creating, reading, and modifying JSON values feels as natural as it does in languages like
 Python. The whole library is available as a single header, `json.hpp`, with no dependencies, no subproject, and no
 complex build system to set up; a companion header, `json_fwd.hpp`, provides forward declarations to keep compile times
 down, `<nlohmann/json_literals.hpp>` holds the user-defined string literals on their own, and
 `<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>` adds zero-copy views and editable documents. See
 [header-only integration](integration/index.md) for details. It is heavily unit-tested with 100% code
 coverage, checked with Valgrind and the Clang Sanitizers for memory leaks, and continuously fuzz-tested by Google
 OSS-Fuzz.
 ## Quick start
 Add the single header to your project and use the library like this:
 ```cpp
 #include <iostream>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 using nlohmann::json;
 int main()
 {
    // parse a JSON string
    json j = json::parse(R"({"happy": true, "pi": 3.141})");
    // access and modify values
    j["name"] = "Niels";
    j["list"] = {1, 0, 2};
    // read a value into a C++ variable and use it
    double pi = j["pi"].get<double>();
    std::cout << "2 * pi = " << 2 * pi << '\n';
    // serialize with an indent of 4 spaces
    std::cout << j.dump(4) << '\n';
 }
 ```
 Get the library by copying the single header [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases) from the
 releases page into a directory `nlohmann` on your include path, or by installing it with a package manager:
 ```sh
 brew install nlohmann-json    # Homebrew
 vcpkg install nlohmann-json   # vcpkg
 ```
 ```cmake
 find_package(nlohmann_json 3.12.0 REQUIRED)
 target_link_libraries(myproject PRIVATE nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)
 ```
 See [Integration](integration/index.md) for CMake in detail, all supported package managers (Conan, Meson, Bazel,
 Conda, and more), and pkg-config.
 ## Explore the documentation
 <div class="grid cards" markdown>
 -   :octicons-rocket-24:{ .lg .middle } __Features__
@@ -112,11 +60,5 @@ Conda, and more), and pkg-config.
 </div>
-!!! info "Unreleased changes"
+![JSON for Modern C++](images/json-light.svg#only-light)
-
+![JSON for Modern C++](images/json-dark.svg#only-dark)
    This documentation is built from the `develop` branch and may describe changes that are not part of a release
    yet. Their version numbers are followed by an <span class="unreleased-version">unreleased</span> badge; see
    [Releases](home/releases/index.md) for what shipped in each version.
 The library is licensed under the [MIT License](home/license.md). The source code, issue tracker, and discussions
 are on [GitHub](https://github.com/nlohmann/json).
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ pick one:
 ```mermaid
 flowchart TD
-    A[Add the library to a C++ project] --> B{Already using CMake?}
+    A[Add the library to a C++ project] --> B{{Already using CMake?}}
-    B -- no --> C{Using pkg-config or plain Makefiles?}
+    B -- no --> C{{Using pkg-config or plain Makefiles?}}
    C -- yes --> D[pkg-config]
    C -- no --> E[Copy the single header]
-    B -- yes --> F{Library installed system-wide?}
+    B -- yes --> F{{Library installed system-wide?}}
    F -- yes --> G["find_package()"]
-    F -- no --> H{Use a package manager?}
+    F -- no --> H{{Use a package manager?}}
    H -- yes --> I[Package manager]
    H -- no --> J["add_subdirectory() or FetchContent"]
 ```
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
 /*
 * Brand look for Mermaid diagrams.
 *
 * Material for MkDocs loads Mermaid on demand and calls mermaid.initialize() with its own theme CSS. This script
 * catches Mermaid when it arrives on window.mermaid and wraps two calls:
 *   - initialize(): adds the brand's font, spacing and shape rules below to Material's options;
 *   - render(): marks hexagons ({{...}} in a flowchart) with the class "nj-decision", since in the SVG a hexagon and
 *     a parallelogram are both a <polygon> that CSS cannot tell apart; and keeps a wide diagram at 80 % of its size
 *     or more, so its text stays readable and the diagram scrolls sideways instead (see .mermaid in brand.css).
 * The colours come from the --md-mermaid-* variables in brand.css, so the diagrams follow the light/dark toggle.
 */
 (function () {
    "use strict";
    var css = [
        // text: Inter everywhere, labels on boxes semibold
        ".label, .nodeLabel, .nodeLabel p, .edgeLabel, .edgeLabel p, .cluster span, text { font-family: var(--md-mermaid-font-family) !important; }",
        ".nodeLabel, .nodeLabel p { font-weight: 600; }",
        ".edgeLabel, .edgeLabel p { color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light) !important; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; }",
        // boxes: 1.5 px outline, 6 px corners; "(...)" nodes stay rounder than "[...]" nodes
        ".node rect, .node path, .node polygon, .node circle, .node ellipse { stroke-width: 1.5px !important; }",
        ".node rect:not([rx]) { rx: 6px; ry: 6px; }",
        ".node rect[rx] { rx: 14px; ry: 14px; }",
        // decisions: solid blue hexagons with white text
        ".node.nj-decision polygon { fill: var(--nj-band) !important; stroke: var(--nj-band) !important; stroke-linejoin: round; }",
        ".node.nj-decision .nodeLabel, .node.nj-decision .nodeLabel p { color: #fff !important; }",
        // lines: 1.5 px, solid unless written as -.-
        ".edgePath .path, .flowchart-link { stroke-width: 1.5px !important; }",
        "marker path { stroke: none !important; }",
        // class diagrams; a node with its own fill ("style X fill:#CCCCFF" on the exception pages) is the highlighted
        // one and gets soft blue, which also works in dark mode
        "g.classGroup rect, .classGroup line, g.node.default > g > path { stroke-width: 1.5px !important; }",
        ".node path[style*='fill'], .node rect[style*='fill'] { fill: var(--nj-blue-soft) !important; }",
        ".relation { stroke-width: 1.5px !important; }",
        // sequence diagrams
        ".actor { stroke-width: 1.5px !important; rx: 6px; ry: 6px; }",
        ".actor-line { stroke-width: 1px; }",
        ".messageLine0, .messageLine1 { stroke-width: 1.5px !important; }",
        ".note { rx: 6px; ry: 6px; }"
    ].join("\n");
    var options = {
        theme: "base",
        fontFamily: "Inter, sans-serif",
        themeVariables: { fontFamily: "Inter, sans-serif", fontSize: "15px" },
        flowchart: { curve: "basis", padding: 12, nodeSpacing: 36, rankSpacing: 48, wrappingWidth: 240 }
    };
    var minScale = 0.8;
    function postProcess(svg) {
        // shrink to fit the column, but not below minScale
        svg = svg.replace(/^(<svg[^>]*style="[^"]*)max-width:\s*([\d.]+)px;/, function (all, head, width) {
            return head + "max-width: " + width + "px; min-width: " + Math.round(width * minScale) + "px;";
        });
        // add class "nj-decision" to every flowchart node drawn as a hexagon (a polygon with six corners)
        return svg.replace(/<g class="node ([^"]*)"([^>]*)><polygon points="([^"]*)"/g, function (all, cls, rest, points) {
            var corners = points.trim().split(/\s+/).length;
            return corners === 6 ? '<g class="node nj-decision ' + cls + '"' + rest + '><polygon points="' + points + '"' : all;
        });
    }
    function brand(mermaid) {
        if (!mermaid || typeof mermaid.initialize !== "function" || mermaid.njBrand) {
            return mermaid;
        }
        var initialize = mermaid.initialize.bind(mermaid);
        var render = mermaid.render.bind(mermaid);
        mermaid.initialize = function (config) {
            config = Object.assign({}, config || {});
            config.theme = options.theme;
            config.fontFamily = options.fontFamily;
            config.themeVariables = Object.assign({}, config.themeVariables, options.themeVariables);
            config.flowchart = Object.assign({}, config.flowchart, options.flowchart);
            config.themeCSS = (config.themeCSS || "") + "\n" + css;
            return initialize(config);
        };
        mermaid.render = function () {
            return render.apply(null, arguments).then(function (result) {
                result.svg = postProcess(result.svg);
                return result;
            });
        };
        mermaid.njBrand = true;
        return mermaid;
    }
    // Mermaid ends with globalThis["mermaid"] = ..., which runs the setter below
    var current = brand(window.mermaid);
    Object.defineProperty(window, "mermaid", {
        configurable: true,
        get: function () { return current; },
        set: function (value) { current = brand(value); }
    });
 })();
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Project information
 site_name: JSON for Modern C++
 site_description: JSON for Modern C++ is a header-only C++11 library that makes JSON a first-class data type.
 site_author: Niels Lohmann
 site_url: https://json.nlohmann.me/
@@ -14,33 +15,38 @@ copyright: Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann
 # Configuration
 theme:
  name: material
  custom_dir: overrides
  language: en
  palette:
    - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)'
      scheme: default
-      primary: indigo
+      primary: custom
-      accent: indigo
+      accent: custom
      toggle:
        icon: material/brightness-7
        name: Switch to dark mode
    - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
      scheme: slate
-      primary: indigo
+      primary: custom
-      accent: indigo
+      accent: custom
      toggle:
        icon: material/brightness-4
        name: Switch to light mode
  icon:
    repo: fontawesome/brands/github
-  font:
+  font: false
-    text: Roboto
+  logo: images/wordmark-header.svg
    code: JetBrains Mono
  features:
    - navigation.instant
    - navigation.tracking
    - navigation.tabs
    - navigation.indexes
    - navigation.top
    - navigation.footer
    - toc.follow
    - search.suggest
    - search.highlight
    - content.code.copy
    - content.tabs.link
    - content.action.edit
    - content.action.view
@@ -619,3 +625,7 @@ plugins:
 extra_css:
  - css/custom.css
  - css/brand.css
 extra_javascript:
  - js/mermaid-brand.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 {#- 404 page: say what happened and offer the three useful ways out -#}
 {% extends "main.html" %}
 {% block content %}
  <div class="nj-404">
    <p class="nj-404__code">// error 404</p>
    <h1>This page does not exist</h1>
    <p>The page may have moved or been renamed. Try the search in the header, or start from one of these pages.</p>
    <p>
      <a href="{{ '' | url }}" class="md-button md-button--primary">Home</a>
      <a href="{{ 'features/' | url }}" class="md-button">Features</a>
      <a href="{{ 'api/basic_json/' | url }}" class="md-button">API documentation</a>
    </p>
  </div>
 {% endblock %}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
 {#- Home page: the brand's blue hero band below the tabs (selected with "template: home.html" in index.md) -#}
 {% extends "main.html" %}
 {% block tabs %}
  {{ super() }}
  <section class="nj-hero">
    <div class="nj-hero__inner md-grid">
      <div class="nj-hero__text">
        <h1 class="nj-hero__title">JSON for <span>Modern C++</span></h1>
        <p class="nj-hero__lead">What if JSON was part of modern C++?</p>
        <p class="nj-hero__actions">
          <a href="{{ 'integration/' | url }}" class="md-button md-button--primary nj-hero__button">Get started</a>
          <a href="{{ 'api/basic_json/' | url }}" class="md-button nj-hero__button">API documentation</a>
        </p>
      </div>
      <div class="nj-hero__code" aria-hidden="true">
 <pre><code><span class="nj-k">#include</span> <span class="nj-s">&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
 <span class="nj-k">#include</span> <span class="nj-s">&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
 <span class="nj-k">using</span> json = nlohmann::json;
 <span class="nj-k">int</span> main()
 {
    json j = json::parse(<span class="nj-s">R"({"happy": true})"</span>);
    j[<span class="nj-s">"pi"</span>] = <span class="nj-n">3.141</span>;
    j[<span class="nj-s">"list"</span>] = {<span class="nj-n">1</span>, <span class="nj-n">0</span>, <span class="nj-n">2</span>};
    std::cout &lt;&lt; j.dump(<span class="nj-n">4</span>) &lt;&lt; <span class="nj-s">"\n"</span>;
 }</code></pre>
      </div>
    </div>
  </section>
 {% endblock %}
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
 """Draws the parser-callback and iterator illustrations as an inline SVG into docs/images/.
 The SVG is not an image: the pages include its text with `--8<-- "images/callback_events.svg, range-begin-end.svg and range-rbegin-rend.svg"`, so it picks up the colours and fonts of the
 page (see the `railroad` and `nj-fig` rules in docs/css/brand.css). Run `python3 scripts/figures/iterator_callback_figures.py` from docs/mkdocs after
 changing the drawing, and commit the generated file. In SVG text write the word JSON as `J&#8203;SON`, otherwise the
 abbreviation extension wraps it in an <abbr> and the text disappears.
 """
 import html
 from pathlib import Path
 OUT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / "docs" / "images"
 CW = 9.6   # JetBrains Mono advance at 16px
 def write(name, W, H, cls, tid, title, body, defs=""):
    s = ['<svg class="nj-fig %s" viewBox="0 0 %d %d" role="img" aria-labelledby="%s" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">' % (cls, W, H, tid),
         '<title id="%s">%s</title>' % (tid, html.escape(title).replace('J&amp;#8203;SON', 'J&#8203;SON'))]
    if defs: s.append(defs)
    s += body
    s.append('</svg>')
    open(OUT / name, "w").write("\n".join(s) + "\n")
 # ---------- callback events ----------
 def callback():
    body, y0, lh = [], 74, 28
    body.append('<text class="fg-h" x="16" y="28">J&#8203;SON to parse</text>')
    body.append('<text class="fg-h" x="320" y="28">callback events</text>')
    lines = [
        (0, [("{", None), (None, "os")]),
        (2, [('"name"', None), (None, "k"), (': "Berlin"', None), (None, "v"), (",", None)]),
        (2, [('"location"', None), (None, "k"), (": [", None), (None, "as")]),
        (4, [("52.519444", None), (None, "v"), (",", None)]),
        (4, [("13.406667", None), (None, "v")]),
        (2, [("]", None), (None, "ae"), (None, "v")]),
        (0, [("}", None), (None, "oe"), (None, "v")]),
    ]
    for i, (indent, parts) in enumerate(lines):
        y = y0 + i * lh
        x = 16 + indent * CW
        for text, ev in parts:
            if text is not None:
                body.append('<text class="fg-code" x="%g" y="%d" xml:space="preserve">%s</text>' % (x, y, html.escape(text)))
                x += CW * len(text)
            else:
                body.append('<circle class="cb-%s" cx="%g" cy="%d" r="5.5"/>' % (ev, x + 10, y - 5))
                x += 20 if text is None else 0
    legend = [("os", "object_start"), ("k", "key"), ("oe", "object_end"), ("as", "array_start"), ("ae", "array_end"), ("v", "value")]
    for i, (ev, label) in enumerate(legend):
        y = 74 + i * 30
        body.append('<circle class="cb-%s" cx="327" cy="%d" r="6"/>' % (ev, y - 5))
        body.append('<text class="fg-code fg-leg" x="344" y="%d">%s</text>' % (y, label))
    write("callback_events.svg", 480, 262, "nj-fig--cb", "fig-cb-title",
          "Example of the parse events a callback sees for the J&#8203;SON text {\"name\": \"Berlin\", \"location\": [52.519444, 13.406667]}: object_start after the opening brace, key after each key, array_start after the opening bracket, value after each value, array_end after the closing bracket, and object_end after the closing brace. Every array and object also produces a value event when it is complete.", body)
 # ---------- ranges ----------
 BW, GAP, X0 = 30, 4, 30
 def cell_x(i): return X0 + i * (BW + GAP)
 def cell(i, y, kind):
    c = "fg-cell" + (" fg-cell--end" if kind == "end" else "")
    return '<rect class="%s" x="%d" y="%d" width="%d" height="30" rx="5"/>' % (c, cell_x(i), y, BW)
 def pill(cx, y, label, W, label_w):
    x = max(4, min(W - 4 - label_w, cx - label_w / 2))
    return ['<rect class="fg-pill" x="%g" y="%d" width="%d" height="24" rx="6"/>' % (x, y, label_w),
            '<text class="fg-pilltext" x="%g" y="%d">%s</text>' % (x + label_w / 2, y + 16.5, label)]
 def arrow(x, ya, yb, mid, dashed=False):
    return '<line class="fg-arrow%s" x1="%g" y1="%g" x2="%g" y2="%g" marker-end="url(#%s)"/>' % (" fg-arrow--dash" if dashed else "", x, ya, x, yb, mid)
 def ranges1():
    W, H, mid = 600, 150, "fig-be-arrow"
    defs = '<defs><marker id="%s" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="7" markerHeight="7" orient="auto"><path class="fg-head" d="M0 1 L10 5 L0 9 z"/></marker></defs>' % mid
    body = []
    for i in range(15): body.append(cell(i, 62, "elem"))
    body.append(cell(15, 62, "end"))
    body += pill(cell_x(0) + BW / 2, 8, "begin", W, 60); body.append(arrow(cell_x(0) + BW / 2, 32, 60, mid))
    body += pill(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 8, "end", W, 48); body.append(arrow(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 32, 60, mid))
    body.append('<text class="fg-note fg-note--r" x="%d" y="132">Past-the-last element</text>' % (cell_x(15) + BW / 2 - 18))
    body.append(arrow(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 124, 96, mid))
    write("range-begin-end.svg", W, H, "nj-fig--range", "fig-be-title",
          "A row of fifteen elements followed by a dashed past-the-last position. begin() points to the first element and end() points to the past-the-last position.", body, defs)
 def ranges2():
    W, H, mid = 600, 236, "fig-rbe-arrow"
    defs = '<defs><marker id="%s" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="9" refY="5" markerWidth="7" markerHeight="7" orient="auto"><path class="fg-head" d="M0 1 L10 5 L0 9 z"/></marker></defs>' % mid
    body = []
    ytop, ybot = 62, 144
    body.append(cell(0, ytop, "end"))
    for i in range(1, 16): body.append(cell(i, ytop, "elem"))
    for i in range(15): body.append(cell(i, ybot, "elem"))
    body.append(cell(15, ybot, "end"))
    body += pill(cell_x(0) + BW / 2, 8, "rend", W, 52); body.append(arrow(cell_x(0) + BW / 2, 32, 60, mid))
    body += pill(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 8, "rbegin", W, 68); body.append(arrow(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 32, 60, mid))
    body.append('<text class="fg-note fg-note--l" x="%d" y="24">Reverse past-the-last element</text>' % (cell_x(0) + BW / 2 + 36))
    for col in (0, 15):
        x = cell_x(col) + BW / 2
        body.append('<line class="fg-arrow fg-arrow--dash" x1="%g" y1="94" x2="%g" y2="%d"/>' % (x, x, ybot - 2))
    body.append('<text class="fg-note" x="300" y="123">A reverse iterator stores an iterator to the next element</text>')
    body.append('<text class="fg-note" x="300" y="141" dy="0" style="display:none"></text>')
    body += pill(cell_x(0) + BW / 2, 204, "begin", W, 60); body.append(arrow(cell_x(0) + BW / 2, 202, 178, mid))
    body += pill(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 204, "end", W, 48); body.append(arrow(cell_x(15) + BW / 2, 202, 178, mid))
    body.append('<text class="fg-note fg-note--r" x="%d" y="221">Past-the-last element</text>' % (cell_x(15) + BW / 2 - 40))
    write("range-rbegin-rend.svg", W, H, "nj-fig--range", "fig-rbe-title",
          "Two rows of sixteen cells. The upper row shows the reversed sequence: rend() points to a dashed position before the first element and rbegin() to the last element. The lower row shows the forward sequence: begin() points to the first element and end() to a dashed position after the last element. A reverse iterator stores an iterator to the next element, so rend() corresponds to begin() and rbegin() to end().", body, defs)
 callback(); ranges1(); ranges2()
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
 """Draws the JSON number railroad diagram as an inline SVG into docs/images/.
 The SVG is not an image: the pages include its text with `--8<-- "images/json_syntax_number.svg"`, so it picks up the colours and fonts of the
 page (see the `railroad` and `nj-fig` rules in docs/css/brand.css). Run `python3 scripts/figures/railroad_number.py` from docs/mkdocs after
 changing the drawing, and commit the generated file. In SVG text write the word JSON as `J&#8203;SON`, otherwise the
 abbreviation extension wraps it in an <abbr> and the text disappears.
 """
 import math
 from pathlib import Path
 OUT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / "docs" / "images"
 Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3 = 44, 92, 136, 180
 R = 10
 paths, shapes, texts = [], [], []
 def rounded(pts, r=R):
    d = "M%g %g" % pts[0]
    for i in range(1, len(pts) - 1):
        (x0, y0), (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = pts[i-1], pts[i], pts[i+1]
        l1 = math.hypot(x1-x0, y1-y0); l2 = math.hypot(x2-x1, y2-y1)
        rr = min(r, l1/2, l2/2)
        ax, ay = x1 - (x1-x0)/l1*rr, y1 - (y1-y0)/l1*rr
        bx, by = x1 + (x2-x1)/l2*rr, y1 + (y2-y1)/l2*rr
        d += " L%g %g Q%g %g %g %g" % (ax, ay, x1, y1, bx, by)
    d += " L%g %g" % pts[-1]
    return d
 def path(*pts): paths.append(rounded(list(pts)))
 def circle(cx, cy, ch):
    shapes.append('<circle class="rr-bg" cx="%g" cy="%g" r="13"/>' % (cx, cy))
    shapes.append('<circle class="rr-t" cx="%g" cy="%g" r="13"/>' % (cx, cy))
    texts.append('<text class="rr-c" x="%g" y="%g">%s</text>' % (cx, cy+5, ch))
 def box(x0, x1, cy, label):
    shapes.append('<rect class="rr-bg" x="%g" y="%g" width="%g" height="28" rx="6"/>' % (x0, cy-14, x1-x0))
    shapes.append('<rect class="rr-n" x="%g" y="%g" width="%g" height="28" rx="6"/>' % (x0, cy-14, x1-x0))
    texts.append('<text class="rr-b" x="%g" y="%g">%s</text>' % ((x0+x1)/2, cy+5, label))
 def loop(xr, xl, cy):  # return path below a box row
    path((xr, cy), (xr, cy+34), (xl, cy+34), (xl, cy))
 # start / main
 path((8, Y0), (850, Y0))
 # A: optional minus
 path((24, Y0), (38, Y0), (38, Y1), (59, Y1)); circle(72, Y1, "&#8722;"); path((85, Y1), (106, Y1), (106, Y0), (120, Y0))
 # B: 0 | 1-9 digit*
 circle(257, Y0, "0")
 path((120, Y0), (134, Y0), (134, Y1), (160, Y1)); box(160, 242, Y1, "digit 1&#8211;9")
 path((242, Y1), (380, Y1), (380, Y0), (396, Y0))
 path((242, Y1), (258, Y1), (258, Y2), (278, Y2)); box(278, 332, Y2, "digit")
 path((332, Y2), (348, Y2), (348, Y1)); loop(340, 270, Y2)
 # C: fraction
 path((396, Y0), (410, Y0), (410, Y1), (425, Y1)); circle(438, Y1, ".")
 path((451, Y1), (462, Y1)); box(462, 516, Y1, "digit"); loop(524, 456, Y1)
 path((516, Y1), (530, Y1), (530, Y0), (546, Y0))
 # D: exponent
 path((546, Y0), (560, Y0), (560, Y1), (577, Y1)); circle(590, Y1, "e")
 path((546, Y0), (560, Y0), (560, Y2), (577, Y2)); circle(590, Y2, "E")
 path((603, Y1), (728, Y1)); path((603, Y2), (620, Y2), (620, Y1))
 path((640, Y1), (654, Y1), (654, Y2), (670, Y2)); circle(683, Y2, "&#8722;")
 path((640, Y1), (654, Y1), (654, Y3), (670, Y3)); circle(683, Y3, "+")
 path((696, Y2), (712, Y2), (712, Y1)); path((696, Y3), (712, Y3), (712, Y1))
 path((728, Y1), (746, Y1)); box(746, 800, Y1, "digit"); loop(808, 738, Y1)
 path((800, Y1), (816, Y1), (816, Y0), (832, Y0))
 svg = ['<svg class="railroad" viewBox="0 0 860 214" role="img" aria-labelledby="rr-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">',
 '<title id="rr-title">Railroad diagram of the J&#8203;SON number syntax: optional minus, then 0 or a digit from 1 to 9 followed by digits, then an optional fraction (a dot and digits) and an optional exponent (e or E, an optional sign, and digits).</title>',
 '<g class="rr-track" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-opacity=".6" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">']
 for d in paths: svg.append('<path d="%s"/>' % d)
 svg.append('</g>')
 svg.append('<polygon class="rr-arrow" points="2,%d 12,%d 2,%d"/>' % (Y0-6, Y0, Y0+6))
 svg.append('<polygon class="rr-arrow" points="846,%d 858,%d 846,%d"/>' % (Y0-6, Y0, Y0+6))
 svg += shapes + texts
 svg.append('<text class="rr-l rr-name" x="24" y="%d">number</text>' % (Y0-12))
 svg.append('<text class="rr-l" x="420" y="%d">fraction</text>' % (Y0-12))
 svg.append('<text class="rr-l" x="580" y="%d">exponent</text>' % (Y0-12))
 svg.append('</svg>')
 open(OUT / "json_syntax_number.svg", "w").write("\n".join(svg) + "\n")
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 fonts/
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
 # Rebuild the animated feature slideshow of the home page (docs/images/json-light.svg and json-dark.svg) when
 # slides.md, build.py or the fonts change. Needs uv (build.py declares its dependencies inline, PEP 723), curl,
 # unzip and shasum. Run it from docs/mkdocs/scripts/slideshow.
 #
 #   make                 download missing fonts and build both SVGs
 #   make fonts           download only the fonts
 #   make SECONDS=12      change the time per slide
 #   make clean           remove the generated SVGs
 #   make distclean       also remove the downloaded fonts
 SECONDS      ?= 15
 IMAGES := ../../docs/images
 LIGHT  := $(IMAGES)/json-light.svg
 DARK   := $(IMAGES)/json-dark.svg
 RUN   := uv run --script build.py
 FONTS := fonts/Inter.ttf fonts/JetBrainsMono.ttf
 DEPS  := build.py slides.md $(FONTS)
 # Pinned sources; the checksums make a changed upstream file fail instead of silently changing the output.
 # Inter: Google Fonts repository at a fixed commit (variable font with opsz and wght axes).
 INTER_URL := https://raw.githubusercontent.com/google/fonts/0b58fb370093f9a9f4ff785d94405710b79de67c/ofl/inter/Inter%5Bopsz%2Cwght%5D.ttf
 # JetBrains Mono: release 2.304 (the variable font in fonts/variable/ of the zip).
 JBM_URL   := https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono/releases/download/v2.304/JetBrainsMono-2.304.zip
 JBM_ZIP   := fonts/JetBrainsMono-2.304.zip
 SHA256_Inter.ttf                := 29160a80ff49ddcab2c97711247e08b1fab27a484a329ce8b813d820dc559031
 SHA256_JetBrainsMono.ttf        := 662a196d58f1183bf2d77428b6d5283fe3f45161ab021bea4036bc98e5cac016
 SHA256_JetBrainsMono-2.304.zip  := 6f6376c6ed2960ea8a963cd7387ec9d76e3f629125bc33d1fdcd7eb7012f7bbf
 # Check $@.tmp against its pinned checksum, then move it into place.
 define verify
 	echo '$(SHA256_$(notdir $@))  $@.tmp' | shasum -a 256 -c --quiet - || { rm -f $@.tmp; exit 1; }
 	mv $@.tmp $@
 endef
 .PHONY: all fonts clean distclean
 .INTERMEDIATE: $(JBM_ZIP)
 all: $(LIGHT) $(DARK)
 fonts: $(FONTS)
 # fixed colours for the docs: an <img> cannot see Material's theme toggle, so the home page includes both
 # and shows the one that matches
 $(LIGHT): $(DEPS)
 	$(RUN) $@.tmp $(SECONDS) light
 	mv $@.tmp $@
 $(DARK): $(DEPS)
 	$(RUN) $@.tmp $(SECONDS) dark
 	mv $@.tmp $@
 fonts/Inter.ttf:
 	mkdir -p fonts
 	curl -fsSL -m 300 -o $@.tmp '$(INTER_URL)'
 	$(verify)
 $(JBM_ZIP):
 	mkdir -p fonts
 	curl -fsSL -m 300 -o $@.tmp '$(JBM_URL)'
 	$(verify)
 fonts/JetBrainsMono.ttf: | $(JBM_ZIP)
 	unzip -p $(JBM_ZIP) 'fonts/variable/JetBrainsMono[[]wght].ttf' > $@.tmp
 	$(verify)
 clean:
 	rm -f $(LIGHT) $(DARK) $(IMAGES)/*.svg.tmp
 distclean: clean
 	rm -f $(FONTS) fonts/*.tmp $(JBM_ZIP)
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 # Feature slideshow of the home page
 `make` builds `docs/images/json-light.svg` and `json-dark.svg`, the animated feature tour on the home page. They replace
 `json.gif` there. All text is outlined, so the SVGs need no fonts. Material's theme toggle cannot be seen from an
 `<img>`, so the home page includes both files (`#only-light`, `#only-dark`) and Material shows the one that matches.
 The slides are in [`slides.md`](slides.md): one `# Title` per slide (`{badge: TEXT}` at the end adds a red chip), `- `
 bullets, and one fenced code block. `build.py` adds the title and closing slides around them, so the slide count follows
 the file. Every snippet should compile against the current `develop`. Use a non-breaking space to keep words together
 ("16 bytes").
 ```bash
 make          # download missing fonts, build both SVGs
 make SECONDS=12
 make clean    # remove the SVGs; make distclean also removes the fonts
 ```
 Run it from this directory. It needs [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/), plus curl, unzip and shasum for the fonts:
 `build.py` declares its dependencies inline (PEP 723, pinned, so the output stays byte-identical) and `uv run --script`
 provides them. `fonts/` is git-ignored: Inter (variable, Google Fonts repository) and JetBrains Mono 2.304 (variable)
 are downloaded from pinned URLs and checked against their SHA-256; a changed upstream file stops the build.
 `./build.py OUT.svg [seconds] [auto|light|dark]` works directly too. A mistake in `slides.md` stops the build with
 `slides.md:LINE` and leaves the old SVGs in place.
 Layout: title 48 px, bullets 24 px, code 19 px; the build warns when a slide's code would drop below 18 px. Syntax colours
 are the `code-*` tokens of the brand (also used by `css/brand.css`). A CSS animation dissolves each slide over the
 previous one and fills the progress bar; with reduced motion only the first slide shows.
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
 # /// script
 # requires-python = ">=3.9"
 # dependencies = ["fonttools==4.67.0", "uharfbuzz==0.57.0"]
 # ///
 """Animated SVG slideshow prototype for nlohmann/json, all text outlined (harfbuzz shaping, glyphs as <path> + <use>).
 Usage: uv run --script build.py OUT.svg [seconds-per-slide] [auto|light|dark]
 auto (the default) follows prefers-color-scheme. light and dark fix the colours, for pages with their own theme
 toggle (MkDocs Material), which an <img> cannot see.
 The pinned versions keep the output byte-identical; a different harfbuzz may shape slightly differently.
 """
 import re, sys, os
 import uharfbuzz as hb
 from fontTools.pens.svgPathPen import SVGPathPen
 HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
 FONTS = os.path.join(HERE, "fonts")
 W, H = 1200, 675
 TOTAL = 0           # number of slides, set once slides.md is read (for the "02 / 20" labels and the progress segments)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------- glyphs
 class Face:
    def __init__(self, file, key, feats=None):
        blob = hb.Blob.from_file_path(os.path.join(FONTS, file))
        self.face = hb.Face(blob)
        self.upem = self.face.upem
        self.key = key
        self.feats = feats or {}
    def font(self, var):
        f = hb.Font(self.face)
        f.set_variations(var)
        return f
 INTER = Face("Inter.ttf", "i", {"cv11": True, "ss03": True, "kern": True})
 MONO = Face("JetBrainsMono.ttf", "m", {"calt": False, "liga": False})
 GLYPHS = {}         # (face, var, gid) -> id
 DEFS = []
 def gid_ref(face, font, var, gid):
    k = (face.key, tuple(sorted(var.items())), gid)
    if k not in GLYPHS:
        pen = SVGPathPen(None, ntos=lambda v: str(round(v)))
        font.draw_glyph_with_pen(gid, pen)
        d = pen.getCommands()
        gidname = f"g{len(GLYPHS):x}"
        GLYPHS[k] = gidname if d else None
        if d:
            DEFS.append(f'<path id="{gidname}" d="{d}"/>')
    return GLYPHS[k]
 def shape(face, text, wght, size, track=0.0):
    if not text:
        return [], 0, face.upem
    var = {"wght": wght}
    if face is INTER:
        var["opsz"] = max(14, min(32, size))
    font = face.font(var)
    buf = hb.Buffer()
    buf.add_str(text)
    buf.guess_segment_properties()
    hb.shape(font, buf, face.feats)
    out, x = [], 0
    tr = track * face.upem
    for info, pos in zip(buf.glyph_infos, buf.glyph_positions):
        out.append((gid_ref(face, font, var, info.codepoint), x + pos.x_offset, pos.y_offset))
        x += pos.x_advance + tr
    return out, x - tr, face.upem
 def width(text, face=INTER, wght=400, size=16, track=0.0):
    _, w, upem = shape(face, text, wght, size, track)
    return w * size / upem
 def run(text, x, y, size, wght=400, cls="tx", face=INTER, track=0.0):
    """One line of text, baseline at y. Returns (svg, width_px)."""
    glyphs, w, upem = shape(face, text, wght, size, track)
    s = size / upem
    uses = "".join(f'<use href="#{g}" x="{gx}"' + (f' y="{-gy}"' if gy else "") + "/>"
                   for g, gx, gy in glyphs if g)
    return (f'<g class="{cls}" transform="translate({x:g} {y:g}) scale({s:.6g} {-s:.6g})">{uses}</g>', w * s)
 def runs(parts, x, y, size, face=INTER, track=0.0):
    """Several (text, wght, cls) pieces on one line."""
    out = []
    for text, wght, cls in parts:
        svg, w = run(text, x, y, size, wght, cls, face, track)
        out.append(svg)
        x += w + track * size
    return "".join(out), x
 def wrap(text, maxw, size, wght=400):
    lines = _wrap(text, maxw, size, wght)
    # no one-word widow: pull the last word of the previous line down if it still fits
    if len(lines) > 1 and " " not in lines[-1] and " " in lines[-2]:
        head, last = lines[-2].rsplit(" ", 1)
        if width(last + " " + lines[-1], size=size, wght=wght) <= maxw:
            lines[-2:] = [head, last + " " + lines[-1]]
    return lines
 def _wrap(text, maxw, size, wght=400):
    lines, cur = [], ""
    for word in text.split(" "):
        t = (cur + " " + word).strip()
        if cur and width(t, size=size, wght=wght) > maxw:
            lines.append(cur)
            cur = word
        else:
            cur = t
    return lines + [cur]
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------- pieces
 def wordmark(x, y, size, on="page"):
    """The wordmark with hand kerning around the slash (see the logo in the brand kit). Below 32 px it switches to the
    small optical master (nlohmann 250 / slash 450), because Thin falls apart at footer size."""
    a, sl = ("wm-a", "wm-s") if on == "page" else ("on-a", "on-s")
    small = size < 32
    w = (250, 450, 800) if small else (100, 400, 800)
    k = (0.004, 0.024) if small else (-0.006, 0.012)
    out = []
    for i, (t, wg, c) in enumerate([("nlohmann", w[0], a), ("/", w[1], sl), ("json", w[2], a)]):
        svg, wd = run(t, x, y, size, wg, c, track=-0.02)
        out.append(svg)
        x += wd - 0.02 * size + (k[i] * size if i < 2 else 0)
    return "".join(out), x
 KW = {"using", "auto", "return", "const", "struct", "for", "override"}
 TYPES = {"int", "void", "bool", "double", "char", "float"}
 CONSTANTS = {"true", "false", "nullptr"}
 TOKEN = re.compile(r'(//.*$)|(R"\(.*?\)"|R"\(.*$|"(?:[^"\\]|\\.)*"|\'(?:[^\'\\]|\\.)\')|(<[\w/.]+>(?=\s*$))|(#\w+)'
                   r'|(\b\d+(?:\.\d+)?\b)|(\b[A-Za-z_]\w*\b)|(\s+)|(.)')
 def code_block(lines, x, y, size, lh):
    """Lines of C++; a raw string literal may span lines."""
    out, in_raw = [], False
    for line in lines:
        if line:
            svg, in_raw = code_line(line, x, y, size, in_raw)
            out.append(svg)
            y += lh
        else:
            y += lh * BLANK
    return "".join(out)
 BLANK = 0.55   # an empty code line is a paragraph break, not a full line
 def code_height(lines, size, lh):
    n_full = sum(1 for l in lines if l)
    n_blank = len(lines) - n_full
    return lh * (n_full - 1) + lh * BLANK * n_blank + size
 def code_line(line, x, y, size, in_raw=False):
    if line.startswith("$ "):
        return runs([("$ ", 400, "tx3"), (line[2:], 400, "tx")], x, y, size, MONO)[0], False
    out, cx = [], x
    if in_raw:
        end = line.find(')"')
        head = line if end < 0 else line[:end + 2]
        svg, w = run(head, cx, y, size, 400, "str", MONO)
        out.append(svg)
        if end < 0:
            return "".join(out), True
        cx += w
        line = line[end + 2:]
        in_raw = False
    for m in TOKEN.finditer(line):
        com, st, inc, pp, num, ident, ws, other = m.groups()
        t = m.group(0)
        if st and st.startswith('R"(') and not st.endswith(')"'):
            in_raw = True
        face, wght, cls = MONO, 400, "tx"
        if com:
            cls = "com"            # upright: JetBrains Mono Italic's cursive f reads as a florin at README size
        elif st or inc:
            cls = "str"
        elif pp:
            cls = "pp"
        elif ident in KW:
            wght, cls = 600, "kw"
        elif ident in TYPES:
            cls = "ty"
        elif num or ident in CONSTANTS:
            cls = "num"
        elif ident and line[m.end():m.end() + 1] == "(":
            cls = "fn"             # a call or definition: name directly followed by "("
        svg, w = run(t, cx, y, size, wght, cls, face)
        if not ws:
            out.append(svg)
        cx += w
    return "".join(out), in_raw
 SEG, SEG_GAP = 20, 5
 def progress(idx, n_proto, y):
    """TOTAL segments at the bottom right; earlier slides full, current one fills over the slide's time."""
    seg, gap = SEG, SEG_GAP
    x0 = W - 64 - TOTAL * seg - (TOTAL - 1) * gap
    out = []
    for k in range(TOTAL):
        x = x0 + k * (seg + gap)
        out.append(f'<rect class="seg" x="{x}" y="{y}" width="{seg}" height="3" rx="1.5"/>')
        if k < idx:
            out.append(f'<rect class="seg-on" x="{x}" y="{y}" width="{seg}" height="3" rx="1.5"/>')
        elif k == idx:
            out.append(f'<rect class="seg-on fill" x="{x}" y="{y}" width="{seg}" height="3" rx="1.5"/>')
    return "".join(out)
 def pattern_def():
    tile = [("{", 14, 34), ("]", 92, 22), (":", 136, 60), ("[", 52, 82), (",", 118, 112),
            ("}", 20, 140), (":", 78, 150), ("{", 140, 158)]
    glyphs = "".join(run(c, x, y, 26, 600, "pat", MONO)[0] for c, x, y in tile)
    return f'<pattern id="pat" width="160" height="160" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse">{glyphs}</pattern>'
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------- slides
 CODE_SIZES = []
 SLOGAN = "What if JSON was part of modern C++?"
 def band_bg():
    """Hero gradient plus the syntax pattern, faded out towards the text side (left)."""
    return ('<rect width="1200" height="675" fill="url(#hero)"/>'
            '<rect width="1200" height="675" fill="url(#pat)" mask="url(#patfade)"/>')
 def footer_band(idx, n, left=None):
    out = []
    if left:
        out.append(run(left, 64, FOOT_Y, 20, 600, "on-tx")[0])
    out.append(progress(idx, n, FOOT_Y - 7.5).replace('class="seg"', 'class="seg on-band"').replace('class="seg-on', 'class="seg-on on-band'))
    return "".join(out)
 FOOT_Y = 640      # one footer baseline on every slide: wordmark or URL left, progress right
 def slide_title(idx, n):
    out = [band_bg()]
    x = 96
    label = "VERSION 3.13.0"
    lw = width(label, MONO, 500, 15, 0.04)
    out.append(f'<rect class="chip" x="{x}" y="186" width="{lw + 28:.1f}" height="34" rx="4"/>')
    out.append(run(label, x + 14, 208.5, 15, 500, "on-tx", MONO, 0.04)[0])
    out.append(wordmark(x - 6, 336, 112, on="band")[0])
    out.append(runs([("// ", 400, "w70"), (SLOGAN, 400, "on-s")], x, 404, 26, MONO)[0])
    out.append(footer_band(idx, n, "github.com/nlohmann/json"))
    return "".join(out)
 def slide_feature(idx, n, title, bullets, code, badge=None):
    out = ['<rect class="bg" width="1200" height="675"/>']
    x, top, bottom = 64, 136, 596
    # title row: 48/800, -3 %
    svg, tw = run(title, x - 2, 98, 48, 800, "tx", track=-0.03)
    out.append(svg)
    if badge:
        cx = x + tw + 16
        cw = width(badge, MONO, 600, 13, 0.06) + 18
        out.append(f'<rect class="red" x="{cx:.1f}" y="68.5" width="{cw:.1f}" height="26" rx="4"/>')
        out.append(run(badge, cx + 9, 86.2, 13, 600, "on-tx", MONO, 0.06)[0])
    # code panel: fixed left edge, fixed width, fixed top on every slide; only its height follows the code
    pad, lf = 28, 1.45
    px, pw = 488, 1136 - 488
    em = max(width(l, MONO, 400, 1) for l in code)
    cs = 19.0
    while cs > 14 and (em * cs > pw - 2 * pad or code_height(code, cs, lf * cs) > bottom - top - 2 * pad):
        cs -= 0.5
    CODE_SIZES.append((title, cs))
    if cs < 18:
        print(f"  warning: {title!r} code at {cs} px ({em * 19:.0f} px wide at 19 px)", file=sys.stderr)
    lh = lf * cs
    ph = max(2 * pad + code_height(code, cs, lh), 240)
    out.append(f'<rect class="panel" x="{px}" y="{top}" width="{pw}" height="{ph:.0f}" rx="6"/>')
    first = top + pad + cs * 0.78
    out.append(code_block(code, px + pad, first, cs, lh))
    # bullets: 24/400 on 34, first baseline level with the first code baseline
    colw = px - x - 40
    by = first
    for b in bullets:
        out.append(f'<rect class="blk" x="{x}" y="{by - 10.6:.1f}" width="8" height="8" rx="1.5"/>')
        for line in wrap(b, colw - 24, 24):
            out.append(run(line, x + 24, by, 24, 400, "tx2")[0])
            by += 34
        by += 16
    # footer: small-master wordmark left, progress right, no rule, no numeral
    out.append(wordmark(64, FOOT_Y, 22)[0])
    out.append(progress(idx, n, FOOT_Y - 7.5))
    return "".join(out)
 def slide_closing(idx, n):
    out = [band_bg()]
    x = 96
    out.append(wordmark(x - 4, 146, 80, on="band")[0])
    out.append(runs([("// ", 400, "w70"), (SLOGAN, 400, "on-s")], x, 200, 22, MONO)[0])
    info = [
        ("{", None),
        ('  "copyright": ', "(c) 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann"),
        ('  "license": ', "MIT"),
        ('  "docs": ', "json.nlohmann.me"),
        ('  "github": ', "github.com/nlohmann/json"),
        ('  "sponsor": ', "github.com/sponsors/nlohmann"),
        ('  "mail": ', "mail@nlohmann.me"),
        ("}", None),
    ]
    cs, lh, pad = 21, 33, 28
    py = 244
    pw = max(width(k + '"' + (v or "") + '",', MONO, 400, cs) for k, v in info) + 2 * pad
    out.append(f'<rect class="on-panel" x="{x}" y="{py}" width="{pw:.0f}" height="{2 * pad + lh * (len(info) - 1) + cs:.0f}" rx="6"/>')
    y = py + pad + cs * 0.8
    for k, (key, val) in enumerate(info):
        if val is None:
            out.append(run(key, x + pad, y, cs, 400, "on-tx", MONO)[0])
        else:
            comma = "," if k < len(info) - 2 else ""
            out.append(runs([(key, 400, "on-tx"), (f'"{val}"', 400, "on-s"), (comma, 400, "on-tx")], x + pad, y, cs, MONO)[0])
        y += lh
    out.append(footer_band(idx, n))
    return "".join(out)
 def load_slides(path):
    """Feature slides from Markdown: '# Title {badge: TEXT}', '- bullet' lines, one fenced code block."""
    text = re.sub(r"<!--.*?-->", "", open(path).read(), flags=re.S)
    slides, cur, in_code = [], None, False
    for no, line in enumerate(text.split("\n"), 1):
        if in_code:
            if line.startswith("```"):
                in_code = False
            else:
                cur["code"].append(line)
        elif line.startswith("```"):
            in_code = True
        elif line.startswith("# "):
            title, badge = line[2:].strip(), None
            m = re.search(r"\s*\{badge:\s*(.*?)\}$", title)
            if m:
                title, badge = title[:m.start()], m.group(1)
            cur = {"title": title, "bullets": [], "code": [], "badge": badge}
            slides.append(cur)
        elif line.startswith("- ") and cur:
            cur["bullets"].append(line[2:].strip())
        elif line[:1] in " \t" and line.strip() and cur and cur["bullets"]:
            cur["bullets"][-1] += " " + line.strip()
        elif line.strip():
            raise SystemExit(f"{path}:{no}: unexpected line: {line!r}")
    for sl in slides:
        while sl["code"] and not sl["code"][-1].strip():
            sl["code"].pop()
        if not sl["code"]:
            raise SystemExit(f"{path}: slide {sl['title']!r} has no code block")
    return slides
 FEATURES = load_slides(os.path.join(HERE, "slides.md"))
 def _feature(f):
    return lambda i, n: slide_feature(i, n, f["title"], f["bullets"], f["code"], f["badge"])
 SLIDES = [slide_title] + [_feature(f) for f in FEATURES] + [slide_closing]
 TOTAL = len(SLIDES)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------- assemble
 def build(sec):
    n = len(SLIDES)
    T = n * sec
    fade = 0.6
    a, b, c = fade / T * 100, sec / T * 100, (sec + fade) / T * 100
    def cls(i):
        return "s s0" if i == 0 else "s sl" if i == n - 1 else "s"
    bodies = [f'<g class="{cls(i)}" style="animation-delay:{i * sec:g}s">{fn(i, n)}</g>' for i, fn in enumerate(SLIDES)]
    css = f"""
 .bg{{fill:#fff}} .tx{{fill:#0f1419}} .tx2{{fill:#3d444f}} .tx3{{fill:#8a919c}} .com{{fill:#646d7a}}
 .bl{{fill:#1747a6}} .blk{{fill:#1747a6}} .kw{{fill:#1747a6}} .ty{{fill:#0d6e72}} .fn{{fill:#6b3fb8}} .str{{fill:#23793a}} .num{{fill:#b04a07}} .pp{{fill:#a3247a}}
 .panel{{fill:#f5f7fa;stroke:#e3e6eb;stroke-width:1}} .rule{{stroke:#e3e6eb;stroke-width:1}}
 .wm-a{{fill:#0f1419}} .wm-s{{fill:#1747a6}}
 .on-a,.on-tx{{fill:#fff}} .red{{fill:#d93a3f}} .on-panel{{fill:#fff;fill-opacity:.08;stroke:#fff;stroke-opacity:.16}} .on-s{{fill:#bcd3fb}} .w70{{fill:#fff;fill-opacity:.7}} .on-tx2{{fill:#dbe6fb}} .chip{{fill:#fff;fill-opacity:.14}}
 .pat{{fill:#fff;fill-opacity:.09}}
 .h1{{stop-color:#1d55c4}} .h2{{stop-color:#123a8a}}
 .seg{{fill:#e3e6eb}} .seg-on{{fill:#1747a6}}
 .seg.on-band{{fill:#fff;fill-opacity:.25}} .seg-on.on-band{{fill:#fff;fill-opacity:1}}
@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){{
 .bg{{fill:#0f1218}} .tx,.wm-a{{fill:#f2f4f7}} .tx2{{fill:#c3c8d1}} .tx3{{fill:#7b828e}} .com{{fill:#8b929e}}
 .bl,.blk,.wm-s,.seg-on,.kw{{fill:#7aa7f5}} .ty{{fill:#4fd1c5}} .fn{{fill:#c4a3ff}} .str{{fill:#7ed491}} .num{{fill:#f5a65b}} .pp{{fill:#f48fc8}}
 .panel{{fill:#171b23;stroke:#272c36}} .rule{{stroke:#272c36}} .seg{{fill:#272c36}}
 .red{{fill:#c8383d}} .h1{{stop-color:#163f93}} .h2{{stop-color:#0c2556}}
 }}
 .s{{opacity:0;animation:show {T:g}s linear infinite backwards}}
 .fill{{transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:left;animation:fill {T:g}s linear infinite backwards;animation-delay:inherit}}
 .s0{{animation-name:show0}} .sl{{animation-name:showl}}
@keyframes show{{0%{{opacity:0;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.2,.6,.2,1)}} {a:.4f}%{{opacity:1}} {c:.4f}%{{opacity:1}} {c + .01:.4f}%{{opacity:0}} 100%{{opacity:0}}}}
@keyframes show0{{0%{{opacity:1}} {c:.4f}%{{opacity:1}} {c + .01:.4f}%{{opacity:0}} 100%{{opacity:0}}}}
@keyframes showl{{0%{{opacity:0;animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.2,.6,.2,1)}} {a:.4f}%{{opacity:1}} {b:.4f}%{{opacity:1}} {c:.4f}%{{opacity:0}} 100%{{opacity:0}}}}
@keyframes fill{{0%{{transform:scaleX(0)}} {b:.4f}%{{transform:scaleX(1)}} 100%{{transform:scaleX(1)}}}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){{.s,.fill{{animation:none}} .s:first-of-type{{opacity:1}}}}
 """
    css = re.sub(r"\n\s*", "", css)
    pat = pattern_def()
    return (f'<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 {W} {H}" width="{W}" height="{H}" role="img">'
            f'<title>JSON for Modern C++: feature slideshow (animated, {n} slides, {sec:g} s each)</title>'
            f'<style>{css}</style>'
            f'<defs>{"".join(DEFS)}{pat}'
            f'<linearGradient id="hero" gradientTransform="rotate(70 .5 .5)"><stop class="h1" offset="0"/><stop class="h2" offset="1"/></linearGradient>'
            f'<linearGradient id="fadeg" x1="0" x2="1" y1="0" y2="0"><stop offset=".25" stop-color="#fff" stop-opacity="0"/><stop offset=".85" stop-color="#fff" stop-opacity="1"/></linearGradient>'
            f'<mask id="patfade" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="0" y="0" width="{W}" height="{H}"><rect width="{W}" height="{H}" fill="url(#fadeg)"/></mask></defs>'
            f'<rect class="bg" width="{W}" height="{H}"/>'
            f'{"".join(bodies)}</svg>')
 def fix_scheme(svg, scheme):
    """Drop the dark-mode block (light) or apply it unconditionally (dark)."""
    if scheme == "auto":
        return svg
    start = svg.index("@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){")
    i, depth = svg.index("{", start), 0
    for j in range(i, len(svg)):
        depth += {"{": 1, "}": -1}.get(svg[j], 0)
        if depth == 0:
            break
    inner = svg[i + 1:j] if scheme == "dark" else ""
    return svg[:start] + inner + svg[j + 1:]
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    out = sys.argv[1]
    sec = float(sys.argv[2]) if len(sys.argv) > 2 else 15
    scheme = sys.argv[3] if len(sys.argv) > 3 else "auto"
    if scheme not in ("auto", "light", "dark"):
        sys.exit(f"unknown colour scheme {scheme!r}: use auto, light or dark")
    svg = fix_scheme(build(sec), scheme)
    # defs are appended while slides render, so build the slides first (done inside build via f-string order)
    open(out, "w").write(svg)
    print(out, len(svg.encode()) // 1024, "KB,", len(GLYPHS), "glyphs; code px:", " ".join(f"{c:g}" for _, c in CODE_SIZES))
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
 <!--
 Feature slides for the animated slideshow. build.py adds the title slide before them and the closing slide after them.
 # Title            one slide per heading; `{badge: TEXT}` at the end adds a red chip
 - bullet           bullets; a long bullet may continue on indented lines
 ```cpp ... ```     the code shown on the right (a line starting with `$ ` is a shell command)
 -->
 # Trivial integration
 - single header file
 - no build system needed
 - vanilla C++11
 - works with GCC 4.8+, Clang 3.4+ and MSVC 2015+
 ```cpp
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 // for convenience
 using json = nlohmann::json;
 int main()
 {
    // a JSON pretty-printer in 3 lines
    json j;
    std::cin >> j;
    std::cout << std::setw(4) << j << std::endl;
 }
 $ g++ pretty.cpp -std=c++11 -o pretty
 ```
 # First-class datatype
 - write JSON like any other C++ literal
 - initializer lists become arrays and objects
 ```cpp
 json j = {
  {"pi", 3.141},
  {"happy", true},
  {"name", "Niels"},
  {"nothing", nullptr},
  {"answer", {
    {"everything", 42}
  }},
  {"list", {1, 0, 2}},
  {"object", {
    {"currency", "USD"},
    {"value", 42.99}
  }}
 };
 ```
 # Array construction
 - arrays work the way you expect
 - adding to a null value makes it an array
 ```cpp
 // create null value
 json j;
 // add via member function
 j.push_back("Hello");
 j.emplace_back("World");
 // add via += operator
 j += false;
 // add via index
 j[2] = 42.3;
 // gaps are filled with null
 j[4] = "World";
 ```
 # Object construction
 - objects work the way you expect
 - adding to a null value makes it an object
 ```cpp
 // create null value
 json j;
 // add via member function
 j.emplace("key2", "value");
 j.push_back({"key", "value"});
 // add via += operator
 j += {"another key", false};
 // add via key
 j["pi"] = 3.1415926;
 j["answer"]["everything"] = 42;
 ```
 # Container operations
 - use JSON like an STL container
 - satisfies the ReversibleContainer requirements
 ```cpp
 // container empty?
 j.empty();
 // current number of elements
 j.size();
 // maximal number of elements
 j.max_size();
 // swap elements
 j.swap(j2);
 std::swap(j, j2);
 // clear a container
 j.clear();
 ```
 # STL containers
 - switch between STL and JSON containers
 - conversion works in both directions
 ```cpp
 // some STL containers
 std::vector<int> v;
 std::unordered_map<std::string, bool> m;
 // automatic transformation
 json j_array(v);
 json j_object(m);
 // works both ways
 auto l = j_array.get<std::list<int>>();
 auto u = j_object
    .get<std::map<std::string, bool>>();
 ```
 # Type conversion
 - convert your own types to and from JSON
 - one macro writes to_json and from_json
 - or write both functions for full control
 ```cpp
 // some user-defined type
 struct person {
    std::string name;
    int age;
 };
 // defines to_json and from_json
 NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(person,
                                   name, age)
 // conversion in action
 person p {"Ned Flanders", 60};
 json j = p;
 // {"age": 60, "name": "Ned Flanders"}
 auto p2 = j.get<person>();
 ```
 # Type deduction
 - types are deduced automatically
 - member functions tell you the type
 ```cpp
 // type deduction
 json j1 = nullptr;
 json j2 = false;
 json j3 = 12.23;
 json j4 = {1, 2, 3};
 json j5 = {{"key", "value"}};
 json j6 = "Hello";
 // quick checks
 j1.is_null();
 j2.is_boolean();
 j3.is_number();
 j4.is_array();
 j5.is_object();
 j6.is_string();
 ```
 # Serialization
 - to a string or a stream
 - pretty-printing included
 ```cpp
 // default serialization
 auto s1 = j.dump();
 // pretty-printed
 int indent = 4;
 std::string s2 = j.dump(indent);
 // to stream
 std::cout << j << std::endl;
 // pretty-printed
 std::cout << std::setw(indent) << j << std::endl;
 ```
 # Deserialization
 - parse strings, streams and files
 - the _json literal puts plain JSON in your code
 - comments and trailing commas on request
 ```cpp
 // from string
 json j1 = json::parse("[1,null,false]");
 // from file
 std::ifstream f("example.json");
 json j2 = json::parse(f);
 // from string literal
 json j3 = "[3.14159]"_json;
 // from raw string literal
 json j4 = R"(
  {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": [1, 2, 3]}
 )"_json;
 ```
 # SAX parsing
 - the parser can emit SAX events
 - process input without building a JSON value
 ```cpp
 // define a SAX event processor
 struct sax_processor : json::json_sax_t
 {
    bool boolean(bool val) override
    {
        return true;
    }
    // implement other functions...
 };
 // create object
 sax_processor my_processor;
 // use it to process input
 json::sax_parse(input, &my_processor);
 ```
 # Zero-copy views {badge: NEW IN 3.13}
 - parse without building a tree: 16 bytes per value
 - strings and numbers stay in the source text
 - materialize a json value only where you need one
 ```cpp
 #include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
 // parse into a flat index, not a tree
 std::ifstream f("big.json");
 auto doc = nlohmann::json_document::parse(f);
 // read-only views with familiar access
 auto view = doc.root();
 double pi = view["pi"].get<double>();
 for (auto v : view["list"])
    std::cout << v.get<int>() << '\n';
 // build a json value only where needed
 json part = view["list"].materialize();
 ```
 # JSON Pointer
 - address any element with a JSON Pointer
 - flatten a value to pointer/value pairs, and back
 ```cpp
 json j = {"good", "bad", "ugly"};
 // JSON pointer to the 3rd list element
 auto ptr = json::json_pointer("/2");
 // use JSON pointer to access element
 j[ptr] = {{"it", "cattivo"}};
 // user-defined string literal
 j["/2/en"_json_pointer] = "ugly";
 // ["good","bad",{"en":"ugly","it":"cattivo"}]
 json flat = j.flatten();
 // {"/0":"good","/1":"bad","/2/en":"ugly",
 //  "/2/it":"cattivo"}
 json j2 = flat.unflatten();  // j == j2
 ```
 # JSON Patches
 - use JSON Patch to describe edit operations
 - create diffs from two JSON values
 - or use a JSON Merge Patch that looks like the document
 ```cpp
 json source = R"({"F": "Paris", "D": "Berlin"})"_json;
 // a JSON Patch (RFC 6902)
 json p1 = R"([
  {"op": "add", "path": "/GB", "value": "London"}
 ])"_json;
 json target = source.patch(p1);
 // create a diff from two JSON values
 json p2 = json::diff(target, source);
 // [{"op": "remove", "path": "/GB"}]
 // a JSON Merge Patch (RFC 7396)
 target.merge_patch(R"({"F": null})"_json);
 // {"D": "Berlin", "GB": "London"}
 ```
 # Binary formats
 - compact binary representations
 - BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack and UBJSON
 ```cpp
 // a JSON value
 json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
 // serialize to CBOR
 std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = json::to_cbor(j);
 // 0xA2, 0x67, 0x63, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x61,
 // 0x63, 0x74, 0xF5, 0x66, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68,
 // 0x65, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x00
 // roundtrip
 json j_from_cbor = json::from_cbor(v);
 // the same for the other formats
 auto b = json::to_bon8(j);
 auto m = json::to_msgpack(j);
 ```
 # Algorithms
 - the standard algorithms just work
 - sort, find, count, merge and more
 ```cpp
 // sort JSON containers
 std::sort(j.begin(), j.end());
 // find element
 auto pos = std::find(j.begin(), j.end(),
                     json("needle"));
 // count all numbers
 auto n = std::count_if(j.begin(), j.end(),
    [](const json& v) { return v.is_number(); });
 // merge two sorted containers
 std::merge(j1.begin(), j1.end(),
           j2.begin(), j2.end(),
           std::back_inserter(j3));
 ```
 # Iterators
 - iterators, const iterators, and reverse iterators
 - random access for arrays
 - items() gives you keys and values
 ```cpp
 json j = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
 // range for
 for (auto& el : j)
 {
    // print all values
    std::cerr << el << '\n';
 }
 // classical iterators
 for (auto it = j.begin(); it != j.end(); ++it)
 {
    // double all values
    *it = it->get<int>() * 2;
 }
 ```
 # Structured bindings
 - since C++17, unpack keys and values with structured bindings
 ```cpp
 // JSON object
 auto j = R"({"foo": 23, "bar": 42})"_json;
 // structured bindings
 for (auto& [key, val] : j.items())
 {
    std::cerr << key << ':' << val << '\n';
 }
 ```
@@ -1218,10 +1218,6 @@ class binary_reader
        // level as required by RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3
        bool indefinite = false;
        // the chunk currently being validated; only used for the chunks of an
        // indefinite-length string when the UTF-8 check can do something
        string_t chunk;
        while (true)
        {
            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof("string")))
@@ -1241,82 +1237,26 @@ class binary_reader
            }
            // a break marker closes the indefinite-length string; outside
-            // of one it falls through to the error below. Every chunk has
+            // of one it falls through to the error below
            // been checked on its own, so there is nothing left to check.
            if (indefinite && current == 0xFF)
            {
-                return true;
+                return check_string_utf8(result, context);
            }
            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string_chunk(result, indefinite)))
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (!indefinite)
            {
-                return get_cbor_string_chunk(result, false) && check_string_utf8(result, context);
+                return check_string_utf8(result, context);
            }
            if (error_handler == error_handler_t::keep)
            {
                // nothing to check: read the chunk directly into the result
                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string_chunk(result, true)))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3: each chunk is a text string of its
                // own and must be valid UTF-8 by itself, i.e., a code point
                // cannot be spread over two chunks
                chunk.clear();
                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string_chunk(chunk, true) || !check_string_utf8(chunk, context)))
                {
                    return false;
                }
                result.append(chunk.data(), chunk.size());
            }
            get();
        }
    }
    /*!
    @brief skips the tags in front of a CBOR object key
    A tag may wrap any data item, so it may also wrap a key. Like in front of a
    value, the tags are skipped for the handlers ignore and store; with the
    handler error they are left to @ref get_cbor_object_key, which rejects the
    key. The tag loop is iterative, so the number of tags is not limited by the
    recursion depth.
    @param[in] tag_handler  how CBOR tags should be treated
    @return whether the tags could be skipped (false on EOF in a tag argument)
    @pre @a current is the first byte of the key
    */
    bool skip_cbor_key_tags(const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
    {
        if (tag_handler == cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
        {
            return true;
        }
        // 0xC0..0xDB: tag with the tag number in the head (0xC0..0xD7) or in
        // the 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes that follow (0xD8..0xDB)
        while (current >= 0xC0 && current <= 0xDB)
        {
            if (current >= 0xD8)
            {
                std::uint64_t tag_to_ignore{};
                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_argument(tag_to_ignore)))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            get();
        }
        return true;
    }
    /*!
    @brief reads a CBOR object key
@@ -1683,10 +1623,6 @@ class binary_reader
                if (top.is_object)
                {
                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!skip_cbor_key_tags(tag_handler)))
                    {
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!read_object_key<&binary_reader::get_cbor_object_key>(key)))
                    {
                        return false;
@@ -4194,9 +4130,9 @@ class binary_reader
        // sequence), UBJSON, BJData, or BSON requires a decoder to reject
        // ill-formed UTF-8. Checking (and, with @ref error_handler_t::strict,
        // rejecting, or with `replace`/`ignore`, sanitizing) is opt-in via
-        // @ref error_handler, applied by @ref check_string_utf8 at the call
+        // @ref error_handler, applied once the whole string (all chunks of
-        // site to the whole string or, for an indefinite-length CBOR string,
+        // an indefinite-length CBOR string included) has been assembled, by
-        // to each chunk on its own (RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3).
+        // @ref check_string_utf8 at the call site.
        return get_bytes(len, "string", result);
    }
@@ -18685,10 +18685,6 @@ class binary_reader
        // level as required by RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3
        bool indefinite = false;
        // the chunk currently being validated; only used for the chunks of an
        // indefinite-length string when the UTF-8 check can do something
        string_t chunk;
        while (true)
        {
            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!unexpect_eof("string")))
@@ -18708,82 +18704,26 @@ class binary_reader
            }
            // a break marker closes the indefinite-length string; outside
-            // of one it falls through to the error below. Every chunk has
+            // of one it falls through to the error below
            // been checked on its own, so there is nothing left to check.
            if (indefinite && current == 0xFF)
            {
-                return true;
+                return check_string_utf8(result, context);
            }
            if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string_chunk(result, indefinite)))
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (!indefinite)
            {
-                return get_cbor_string_chunk(result, false) && check_string_utf8(result, context);
+                return check_string_utf8(result, context);
            }
            if (error_handler == error_handler_t::keep)
            {
                // nothing to check: read the chunk directly into the result
                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string_chunk(result, true)))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3: each chunk is a text string of its
                // own and must be valid UTF-8 by itself, i.e., a code point
                // cannot be spread over two chunks
                chunk.clear();
                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_string_chunk(chunk, true) || !check_string_utf8(chunk, context)))
                {
                    return false;
                }
                result.append(chunk.data(), chunk.size());
            }
            get();
        }
    }
    /*!
    @brief skips the tags in front of a CBOR object key
    A tag may wrap any data item, so it may also wrap a key. Like in front of a
    value, the tags are skipped for the handlers ignore and store; with the
    handler error they are left to @ref get_cbor_object_key, which rejects the
    key. The tag loop is iterative, so the number of tags is not limited by the
    recursion depth.
    @param[in] tag_handler  how CBOR tags should be treated
    @return whether the tags could be skipped (false on EOF in a tag argument)
    @pre @a current is the first byte of the key
    */
    bool skip_cbor_key_tags(const cbor_tag_handler_t tag_handler)
    {
        if (tag_handler == cbor_tag_handler_t::error)
        {
            return true;
        }
        // 0xC0..0xDB: tag with the tag number in the head (0xC0..0xD7) or in
        // the 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes that follow (0xD8..0xDB)
        while (current >= 0xC0 && current <= 0xDB)
        {
            if (current >= 0xD8)
            {
                std::uint64_t tag_to_ignore{};
                if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!get_cbor_argument(tag_to_ignore)))
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            get();
        }
        return true;
    }
    /*!
    @brief reads a CBOR object key
@@ -19150,10 +19090,6 @@ class binary_reader
                if (top.is_object)
                {
                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!skip_cbor_key_tags(tag_handler)))
                    {
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (JSON_HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(!read_object_key<&binary_reader::get_cbor_object_key>(key)))
                    {
                        return false;
@@ -21661,9 +21597,9 @@ class binary_reader
        // sequence), UBJSON, BJData, or BSON requires a decoder to reject
        // ill-formed UTF-8. Checking (and, with @ref error_handler_t::strict,
        // rejecting, or with `replace`/`ignore`, sanitizing) is opt-in via
-        // @ref error_handler, applied by @ref check_string_utf8 at the call
+        // @ref error_handler, applied once the whole string (all chunks of
-        // site to the whole string or, for an indefinite-length CBOR string,
+        // an indefinite-length CBOR string included) has been assembled, by
-        // to each chunk on its own (RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3).
+        // @ref check_string_utf8 at the call site.
        return get_bytes(len, "string", result);
    }
@@ -1807,93 +1807,6 @@ TEST_CASE("CBOR")
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0xa1, 0xff, 0x01}), true, false).is_discarded());
        }
        SECTION("tag in front of a key")
        {
            const auto ignore = json::cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore;
            const auto store = json::cbor_tag_handler_t::store;
            const json expected = {{"a", 10}};
            // the tags are skipped in front of a text string key, like in
            // front of a value
            const std::vector<std::vector<std::uint8_t>> tagged =
            {
                {0xA1, 0xC0, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A},                         // tag in the head
                {0xA1, 0xD8, 0x05, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A},                   // 1-byte tag number
                {0xA1, 0xD9, 0x01, 0x2C, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A},             // 2-byte tag number
                {0xA1, 0xDA, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A}, // 4-byte tag number
                {0xA1, 0xDB, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A}, // 8-byte tag number
                {0xA1, 0xC0, 0xD8, 0x05, 0xC1, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A},       // chained tags
                {0xBF, 0xC0, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A, 0xFF},                   // indefinite-length map
                {0xBF, 0x61, 0x62, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A, 0xFF}, // second key tagged
                {0xA1, 0xC0, 0x7F, 0x61, 0x61, 0xFF, 0x0A},             // indefinite-length text key
                {0xA1, 0xC0, 0x61, 0x61, 0xC0, 0x0A},                   // tagged key and value
            };
            for (const auto& input : tagged)
            {
                CAPTURE(input)
                json const j_ignore = json::from_cbor(input, true, true, ignore);
                json const j_store = json::from_cbor(input, true, true, store);
                CHECK(j_ignore.at("a") == 10);
                CHECK(j_store.at("a") == 10);
                CHECK(j_ignore == j_store);
            }
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(tagged[0], true, true, ignore) == expected);
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(tagged[1], true, true, store) == expected);
            // nested maps
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xC0, 0x61, 0x61, 0xA1, 0xD8, 0x05, 0x61, 0x62, 0x01}), true, true, ignore) == json{{"a", {{"b", 1}}}});
            // the tag handler error still rejects every tag
            for (const auto& input : tagged)
            {
                CAPTURE(input)
                json _;
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(input), json::parse_error&);
            }
            {
                json _;
                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xD8, 0x05, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A})), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing CBOR object key: only string keys are supported, but found a tag; last byte: 0xD8", json::parse_error&);
            }
            // a tag does not turn a key of another type into a text string
            {
                json _;
                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xC0, 0x01, 0x01}), true, true, ignore), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR object key: only string keys are supported, but found an unsigned integer; last byte: 0x01", json::parse_error&);
                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xD8, 0x05, 0x41, 0x61, 0x01}), true, true, store), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR object key: only string keys are supported, but found a byte string; last byte: 0x41", json::parse_error&);
                CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xC0, 0x01, 0x01}), true, false, ignore).is_discarded());
            }
            // end of input after the tag, or inside the tag number
            {
                json _;
                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xC0}), true, true, ignore), "[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input", json::parse_error&);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xD8}), true, true, ignore), json::parse_error&);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xA1, 0xDB, 0x00, 0x00}), true, true, store), json::parse_error&);
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0xBF, 0xC0}), true, true, store), json::parse_error&);
            }
            // SAX: the key event is reported without the tag (start_object,
            // key, number_unsigned, end_object are four events)
            {
                const std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0xA1, 0xC0, 0x61, 0x61, 0x0A};
                SaxCountdown four(4);
                CHECK(json::sax_parse(input, &four, json::input_format_t::cbor, true, false, false, ignore));
                SaxCountdown three(3);
                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(input, &three, json::input_format_t::cbor, true, false, false, ignore));
                SaxCountdown error_handler(4);
                CHECK(!json::sax_parse(input, &error_handler, json::input_format_t::cbor));
            }
            // a long chain of tags needs no recursion
            {
                std::vector<std::uint8_t> input = {0xA1};
                input.insert(input.end(), 100000, 0xC0);
                input.insert(input.end(), {0x61, 0x61, 0x0A});
                CHECK(json::from_cbor(input, true, true, ignore) == expected);
            }
        }
        SECTION("non-string key (see #2766 and #3381)")
        {
            // only text strings map to JSON object keys; any other key is
@@ -2002,10 +1915,9 @@ TEST_CASE("CBOR")
        {
            json _;
-            // with the default error handler keep, the chunks are concatenated
+            // the chunks are concatenated as is, without checking that each
-            // as is, without checking that each chunk is valid UTF-8 on its
+            // chunk is valid UTF-8 on its own (RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3), so
-            // own (RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3), so a code point split across two
+            // a code point split across two chunks yields a valid string
            // chunks yields a valid string
            CHECK_NOTHROW(_ = json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7f, 0x61, 0xc3, 0x61, 0xa9, 0xff})));
            CHECK(_ == "\xc3\xa9");
            CHECK(_.dump() == "\"\xc3\xa9\"");
@@ -2025,63 +1937,6 @@ TEST_CASE("CBOR")
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<uint8_t>({0x7f, 0x62, 0xc3, 0xa9, 0x62, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0xff})) == "\xc3\xa9\xc3\xb6");
        }
        SECTION("ill-formed UTF-8 in a chunk of an indefinite-length string (RFC 8949, Section 3.2.3)")
        {
            const auto strict = json::error_handler_t::strict;
            const auto replace = json::error_handler_t::replace;
            const auto ignore = json::error_handler_t::ignore;
            const auto keep = json::error_handler_t::keep;
            const auto tags = json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error;
            // a code point split over two chunks
            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> split = {0x7f, 0x61, 0xc3, 0x61, 0xa9, 0xff};
            // a 4-byte code point split over two chunks
            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> split_emoji = {0x7f, 0x62, 0xf0, 0x9f, 0x62, 0x98, 0x80, 0xff};
            // the same in an object key
            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> split_key = {0xa1, 0x7f, 0x61, 0xc3, 0x61, 0xa9, 0xff, 0x01};
            // a valid chunk followed by one with a truncated code point
            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> truncated = {0x7f, 0x62, 0x41, 0xc3, 0x61, 0xa9, 0xff};
            // strict: the string is invalid
            for (const auto& input :
                    {
                        split, split_emoji, split_key, truncated
                    })
            {
                CAPTURE(input)
                json _;
                CHECK_THROWS_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(input, true, true, tags, strict), json::parse_error&);
                CHECK(json::from_cbor(input, true, false, tags, strict).is_discarded());
            }
            {
                json _;
                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(split, true, true, tags, strict), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 3: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte", json::parse_error&);
                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(_ = json::from_cbor(split_key, true, true, tags, strict), "[json.exception.parse_error.113] parse error at byte 4: syntax error while parsing CBOR key: invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte", json::parse_error&);
            }
            // replace and ignore: every chunk is sanitized on its own
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(split, true, true, tags, replace) == "\xEF\xBF\xBD\xEF\xBF\xBD");
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(split, true, true, tags, ignore) == "");
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(truncated, true, true, tags, replace) == "A\xEF\xBF\xBD\xEF\xBF\xBD");
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(truncated, true, true, tags, ignore) == "A");
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(split_key, true, true, tags, replace) == json{{"\xEF\xBF\xBD\xEF\xBF\xBD", 1}});
            // keep: unchanged, the chunks are concatenated as is
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(split, true, true, tags, keep) == "\xc3\xa9");
            CHECK(json::from_cbor(split_emoji, true, true, tags, keep) == "\xf0\x9f\x98\x80");
            // conforming input is unaffected by the error handler
            const std::vector<std::uint8_t> valid = {0x7f, 0x62, 0xc3, 0xa9, 0x64, 0xf0, 0x9f, 0x98, 0x80, 0x60, 0xff};
            for (const auto handler :
                    {
                        strict, replace, ignore, keep
                    })
            {
                CHECK(json::from_cbor(valid, true, true, tags, handler) == "\xc3\xa9\xf0\x9f\x98\x80");
                CHECK(json::from_cbor(std::vector<std::uint8_t>({0x7f, 0xff}), true, true, tags, handler) == "");
            }
        }
        SECTION("many chunks in indefinite-length string")
        {
            constexpr std::size_t chunks = 100000;
		`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='160' height='160'><g font-family='Menlo,monospace' font-size='26' font-weight='600' fill='#ffffff' fill-opacity='0.10'><text x='14' y='34'>{</text><text x='92' y='22'>]</text><text x='136' y='60'>:</text><text x='52' y='82'>[</text><text x='118' y='112'>,</text><text x='20' y='140'>}</text><text x='78' y='150'>:</text><text x='140' y='158'>{</text></g></svg>`
		`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
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