Commit Graph
35 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
Niels Lohmann 2e06ccf0c7 Merge branch 'json-view/12-view-values' into json-view/13-view-dump
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:43:33 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 3b30446d1b Merge branch 'json-view/11-view-access' into json-view/12-view-values
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:37:21 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 960d3435a1 Merge branch 'json-view/10-view-document' into json-view/11-view-access
Conflicts in See also lists (docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/begin.md,docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cbegin.md,docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/cend.md,docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/end.md,docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/type_name.md), where develop (#5638) and this branch both edited: kept develop's entries and added this branch's basic_json_view links.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:37:16 +02:00
Niels Lohmann ceb1cdb774 Merge branch 'json-view/08-view-builder' into json-view/10-view-document
Conflicts in the See also lists of nine basic_json pages, is_discarded.md, and features/index.md, where develop (#5638) and this branch both added entries: kept both. Ran make amalgamate.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:36:41 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 63c10a51fc Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI (#5638)
* Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI

A review of all documentation pages found factual errors, dead links,
missing cross-references, and gaps in examples. This fixes them and adds
checks so the same problems are caught automatically.

Fixes:
- wrong signatures and version histories (operator!= C++20 member,
  binary() subtype type, get<PointerType>(), JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL, ...)
- stale descriptions (number parsing since #5283, UBJSON table, SAX
  example that no longer compiled, tsl::ordered_map advice)
- dead internal and external links; repology.org badges (the domain is
  suspended) replaced by badges that query the registries directly
- deprecation notes link the migration guide; the guide itself fixed

Additions:
- "See also" sections, cross-references, 25 runnable examples, 12
  Mermaid diagrams, new API pages for json_pointer::operator<=> and
  byte_container_with_subtype::operator==/!=
- landing page, guides for untrusted input and performance
- "unreleased" badge after versions newer than the latest release

Checks:
- strict documentation build (broken links/anchors fail it); CI and
  the publish workflow fetch the full history the build needs
- weekly external link check, Mermaid syntax check in CI
- check_structure.py: example titles, heading levels, alt texts,
  header links, docset index coverage; its unused-example check works
  again
- all examples produce the same output on every platform

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Keep the customer links that could not be fixed

A dead link on the customers page is still the evidence of where the
use of the library was documented. Keep the original URLs of the entries
without a working replacement (Marne, Cisco Webex Desk Camera, Philips
Hue, CyberArk) and exclude exactly these URLs from the link check.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct the duplicate-key recipe's claim about SAX positions

The SAX interface's key() receives no position either; only parse_error()
does. Also note that the recipe does not report the path to the repeated
key (see discussion #5085).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Say the library is available as a single header and mention json_fwd.hpp

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct documentation errors found while hunting for bugs

- patch/patch_inplace: list the JSON pointer errors parse_error.106-109
  and out_of_range.402/404, and quote the actual parse_error.105 message.
- unflatten: list parse_error.106/107/108 and out_of_range.404.
- to_bson: list out_of_range.415 (binary subtype above 255) and note
  that 412 and 415 are new in 3.13.0.
- to_string: state that string_t must be convertible to std::string, also
  in the StringType requirements table.
- JSON Lines: a `while (input >> j)` loop also throws after the last value
  for concatenated JSON values; show a loop that works for both.
- BON8: a string gets 0xFF only if nothing follows it in the message; a
  string at the end of an array or object is ended by 0xFE.
- custom_string_type.hpp: add operator+=(char), which the "Always
  required" list asks for (json_pointer::to_string, flatten, unflatten,
  and diff did not compile), and an ADL int_to_string for diff and items.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Cache the release headers with functools.lru_cache

Codacy (Pylint) flagged the mutable default argument that header() used
as its cache. functools.lru_cache keeps the same memoization without it.
The script's output is unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-02 11:32:15 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 5277335a9e Merge branch 'json-view/12-view-values' into json-view/13-view-dump
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-01 10:19:55 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 05b6cd0892 Merge branch 'json-view/11-view-access' into json-view/12-view-values
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-01 10:19:53 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 95d10dab70 Merge branch 'json-view/10-view-document' into json-view/11-view-access
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-10-01 10:19:51 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 371a8a3d9f Merge branch 'json-view/08-view-builder' into json-view/10-view-document
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

# Conflicts:
#	Makefile
#	cmake/ci.cmake
2026-10-01 10:19:49 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 791cd88dfc Fix raw-TeX formulas and other documentation infrastructure debt (#5736)
* Fix math formulas rendering as raw TeX in the published docs

The privacy plugin self-hosts MathJax 2.7.0 but drops its
?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML query string, so the rehosted script loads no
input jax and the 10 formulas across 6 pages render as raw TeX to
readers. Remove pymdownx.arithmatex and the MathJax extra_javascript
entry, and rewrite the formulas in plain HTML (<sup>, <i>) instead.
This also drops a nine-year-old third-party script from every page.

Part of #5718

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix publish_documentation triggers and persist unneeded git credentials

publish_documentation.yml only triggered on docs/mkdocs/** pushes, but
the site also embeds .github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md, CONTRIBUTING.md,
SECURITY.md, cmake/{clang,gcc}_flags.cmake, .clang-tidy,
tools/astyle/.astylerc and tests/fmt_formatter/project/main.cpp via
pymdownx.snippets, so changes to those files never republished the
site. Extend the path filter to cover them, and switch runs-on from
the long-pinned ubuntu-22.04 to ubuntu-latest to match
ci_test_documentation.

Also add persist-credentials: false to the checkouts in ci_icpx and
ci_nvhpc (ubuntu.yml) and msvc-vs2026/msvc-arm64 (windows.yml), none
of which pushes with git, matching every other checkout in these
workflows.

Part of #5718

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix example build: broken debug echo, deprecations hidden for everything

docs/Makefile's debug echo used a space instead of a comma in
$(call cxx_standard ...), so it always printed an empty standard.
Every example was also compiled with -Wno-deprecated-declarations,
which would silently hide an accidental deprecated-API call in any of
them. Factor the duplicated compile flags into EXAMPLE_CPPFLAGS/
EXAMPLE_WARNFLAGS, build with -Werror=deprecated-declarations by
default, and only allow the three examples that intentionally
document deprecated API (the DEPRECATED_EXAMPLES list) to suppress it.

Part of #5718

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix check_structure.py NOLINT parsing and an off-by-one report line

`line.strip("<!-- NOLINT")` followed by `.strip(" -->")` strips any of
the characters in those sets from both ends, not a literal prefix; it
only happened to work for "Examples". A NOLINT'd section name
starting with N, O, L, I or T (e.g. "Notes", "Template parameters",
"Iterator invalidation", "Literals") was silently mangled, so the
suppression did not apply and the checker could report a spurious
missing/misordered section. Parse the comment with a regex instead.
The same fragile strip() pattern was used for heading text; replace it
with a plain prefix slice. Also fix the admonition_title report, which
used the 0-based line index while every other report in the file uses
lineno+1.

Part of #5718

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix docset README's non-existent make target and stale fallback URL

The README told readers to run `make nlohmann_json.docset`, but the
Makefile's targets are `all`, `JSON_for_Modern_C++.docset` and
`install_docset_zeal`; the documented command has failed with "No
rule to make target" since #2967 (2021). Point the README at the real
target and folder name. Info.plist's DashDocSetFallbackURL also still
pointed at the old nlohmann.github.io/json/ URL instead of the
canonical https://json.nlohmann.me/ from mkdocs.yml's site_url.

Leave list_missing_pages/list_removed_paths alone: they may become
redundant once #5638's check_docset() lands, which is a follow-up.

Part of #5718

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Remove two leftover Doxygen-era .link files from the examples directory

parse__iterator_pair.link and parse__pointers.link each held only a
Wandbox "online" permalink from the old Doxygen docs. #3071 deleted
every other .link file in 2021; these two came in through a parallel
PR (#3100) and were never referenced by any page, script or config.

Part of #5718

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix MacPorts CMake example to include its own snippet files

The MacPorts "Example: CMake" block included
integration/homebrew/example.cpp and
integration/homebrew/CMakeLists.txt instead of the MacPorts files
right next to it, a copy-paste slip from the Homebrew section. Nothing
referenced integration/macports/CMakeLists.txt as a result. The page
rendered correctly only because the homebrew, macports and
vcpkg/CMakeLists.txt snippets are byte-identical, so a future edit to
the MacPorts files would not have shown up on the page.

Part of #5718 item 6

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Do not persist git credentials in publish_documentation's checkout

The checkout step in publish_documentation.yml left the default
persist-credentials: true, so GITHUB_TOKEN stayed writable in
.git/config for the rest of the job (zizmor's artipacked finding). The
Deploy documentation step authenticates through its own github_token
input to peaceiris/actions-gh-pages and does not push with the
checked-out credentials, so persist-credentials: false is safe here,
matching every other checkout in the workflow set.

Overlaps #5638, which edits this same checkout step (adds
fetch-depth: 0); expect a rebase conflict there.

Part of #5718 item 2

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Replace list_missing_pages/list_removed_paths with a comm(1)-based diff

The docset Makefile's list_missing_pages ran one sqlite3 query per
mkdocs page, and list_removed_paths nested a loop over all mkdocs pages
inside a loop over all docset index paths (O(n*m) shell iteration).
Issue #5718 item 5 suggested removing or reducing these targets once
#5638's check_docset() lands, but that PR is still open and covers only
API pages and macros, not the full page set these targets check.
Replace the loops with two sorted path lists (DOCSET_PAGE_PATHS from
mkdocs' markdown sources, DOCSET_INDEX_PATHS from the built docset
index) compared with a single comm(1) call each, verified to produce
output identical to the old loops against the current docSet.dsidx.

The sed expression used '#' as its delimiter, which GNU Make reads as
a comment character even inside a variable assignment, truncating the
line and orphaning the closing paren of $(shell ...) ("unterminated
call to function 'shell': missing ')'"). Use '@' as the delimiter
instead.

Part of #5718 item 5

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 22:15:20 +02:00
Niels Lohmann bc56ac6d9a Format the dump() example with the pinned astyle
The "check" job runs astyle over the documentation examples once it gets
past the amalgamation step.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 21:01:46 +02:00
Niels Lohmann c7e534d41e Document dump() of json_view
- API pages for dump, number_format, and operator<< of basic_json_view,
  linked both ways with the basic_json pages
- the feature page describes document order and number_format::source
- the examples show when the view helps: forwarding part of a message
  and writing numbers exactly as they were read

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 21:01:43 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 43e2d9c525 Document values and JSON pointers of json_view
- API pages for get, get_to, get_string, number_token, and value of
  basic_json_view; JSON pointer overloads of operator[], at, and
  contains; links both ways with the basic_json pages
- the feature page describes which conversions copy nothing
- the examples show when the view helps: strings without copies, numbers
  exactly as written, and paths into a large text

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 21:01:37 +02:00
Niels Lohmann e17e23a2b1 Fix CI: json_view access tests without exceptions and on clang 3.6
- ci_test_noexceptions: the element access tests compare the exceptions
  of json_view and basic_json through exception_of(), which catches them
  outside a CHECK_THROWS; with JSON_NOEXCEPTION the first one aborted the
  test. Compile those comparisons only with exceptions.
- clang 3.6: value-initialize a const json_view, as in the tests of
  json-view/10-view-document.
- Format three new documentation examples with the pinned astyle, which
  the "check" job runs once it gets past the amalgamation step.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 21:01:34 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 08dcdaf9b8 Document element access, lookup, and iteration of json_view
- API pages for operator[], at, front, back, find, contains, count,
  begin, end, cbegin, cend, items, and type_name of basic_json_view,
  linked both ways with the basic_json pages
- the feature page and size() describe document order and duplicate
  keys
- the examples show when the view helps: reading a few fields of a large
  text, probing optional members, and members in source order

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 21:01:33 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 061c30310e Document json_document and json_view
- API pages for basic_json_document and basic_json_view, one per member,
  and for the four aliases, each with an example
- features/json_view.md: the problem the view solves, ownership and
  lifetime, what matches basic_json::parse() and what differs, and when
  to choose json, ordered_json, SAX, or the view
- the examples show why one would use the view, not only how: borrowed
  vs. owned input, reading a few fields and materializing one subtree,
  reusing a document across many messages
- registered in the mkdocs navigation, llms.txt, the docset, the
  exceptions page (out_of_range.416), architecture.md, the integration
  page, and the README; the yyjson credit is added to the README and
  license.md

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-30 20:58:44 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 1e101ecac1 Add BON8 support (#2998)
* Add BON8 support

Add to_bon8/from_bon8 and input_format_t::bon8 for BON8, a binary format
that uses the byte values that cannot begin a UTF-8 character as type
markers, so strings need no length prefix. It is the most compact of the
supported binary formats on the benchmark files.

The reader is non-recursive like the other binary readers. A string ends
at the first byte that cannot continue it, so the reader hands the one or
two bytes it reads past a string back to the value that follows. The
writer produces the canonical representation of the specification, except
for NFC normalization; its output is identical to that of the reference
implementation (HikoGUI) on all files of the test data.

The round-trip tests need the .bon8 files of json_test_data 3.2.0.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Address review comments

- Reuse detail::validate_one_utf8 to check strings in to_bon8; the error
  now names the first byte of the invalid sequence.
- Document that to_bon8 leaves bytes in the output adapter on an
  exception, and that string_open is only an output of write_bon8_marker.
- Explain why the pushback buffer of the BON8 reader cannot overflow.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Select the BON8 float prefix by type

get_bon8_float_prefix only depends on the type of its argument, so make
the type a template parameter instead of passing an unused value.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Rename a test variable that Flawfinder mistakes for read()

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix the BON8 CI failures

- compare the float in write_bon8_float with number_float_t constants,
  so GCC does not warn about a float-to-double conversion
- mark check_bon8_utf8's context as used when exceptions are disabled
- choose the compact float prefix in a helper rather than with nested
  conditional operators (clang-tidy)
- use auto for the cast in the BON8 integer reader (clang-tidy)
- write the int32 minimum test values as long long literals (MSVC C4146)

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Amalgamate

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Read BON8 strings in bulk from contiguous input

- copy the valid UTF-8 of a string in one step when the input is
  contiguous (twitter.json is read in 1.68 instead of 2.52 ms,
  jeopardy.json in 196 instead of 297 ms, close to CBOR and MessagePack)
- share the new valid_utf8_prefix() with the writer's UTF-8 check, which
  now skips ASCII 8 bytes at a time
- let the fuzzer check that contiguous and stream input give the same
  value or error, and test both paths in the unit tests
- clarify that a second 0xFF after a string is an empty string

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Link the BON8 functions from the other binary format pages

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Name the bulk scan flag after the input, not BON8

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Read BSON keys in bulk from contiguous input

BSON keys (and array indices) are C-style strings, which were read byte
by byte. For contiguous input they are now read up to their \x00-byte in
one step, using the same bulk_scan flag as BON8 strings: twitter.json is
read in 1.46 instead of 2.01 ms, citm_catalog.json in 2.93 instead of
3.33 ms, jeopardy.json in 182 instead of 207 ms. canada.json, whose keys
are almost all one-digit array indices, takes 2 % longer.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix the BON8 CI failures of the bulk-read tests

- skip the contiguous-versus-stream tests of BON8 strings and BSON keys
  when exceptions are disabled: they catch the parse errors of invalid
  input, and without exceptions the library aborts instead
- use static_cast for the int64 test value (google-readability-casting)

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Move the explicit basic_json instantiation into its own test file

Linking test-regression3_cpp20 with clang and MinGW failed with
"relocation truncated to fit: IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 against `.rdata'",
as test-regression2 did before #5511. The explicit instantiation of
basic_json<> for #4825 compiles every member function, including the
BON8 reader and writer, into that object, and it was already close to
the limit (2,226,104 bytes on develop, 2,234,960 with BON8; clang -O1,
C++20).

Give the instantiation a file of its own: unit-regression3 is now
1,594,736 bytes and unit-explicit_instantiation 1,095,064. The new file
mentions JSON_HAS_CPP_17 and JSON_HAS_CPP_20 so it keeps being built
for the C++17 standard the regression was about.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Convert the bytes of the BON8 test strings explicitly

The str() helper constructed a std::string from a byte range, which
converts each unsigned char implicitly; -fsanitize=integer reports that
for bytes of 0x80 and above (ci_test_clang_sanitizer).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-27 16:56:21 +02:00
Niels LohmannandClaude Opus 5 c72f37a40d Support custom object/array types and improve template parameter handling (#5443)
* docs: document the implicit requirements on basic_json's template parameters

The requirements that basic_json places on its eleven template parameters
were only implied by how the library uses the resulting object_t, array_t,
string_t, etc. Consumers had to discover them by trial and error.

Add "Template Parameter Requirements" collecting them, split into what is
always required and what is only required when a particular part of the API
is instantiated. Notable findings that were previously undocumented:

- ObjectType must provide a key_compare member type (actual_object_comparator
  names object_t::key_compare in both arms of a std::conditional), and its
  third template parameter is used as a comparator, so std::unordered_map
  cannot be used without a wrapper.
- ArrayType must provide capacity() -- push_back(), emplace_back(),
  operator+=(), and operator[](size_type) call it unconditionally -- and
  needs random-access iterators, so std::deque and std::list do not work.
- StringType needs contiguous, null-terminated data(), a one-byte value_type,
  and either assignability from std::to_string or an ADL int_to_string().
- NumberFloatType must be float, double, or long double for parsing and
  serialization; the integer types must satisfy std::is_integral.
- AllocatorType must be stateless, support incomplete types, and use plain
  pointers.
- BooleanType and the number types are union members and must be trivial.

Link the new page from the basic_json overview, the types feature page, and
the individual type alias pages, and correct the container examples given for
ObjectType (std::unordered_map) and ArrayType (std::list), which do not work.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix object_comparator_t for object types without key_compare

detail::actual_object_comparator selected between object_t::key_compare and
default_object_comparator_t with std::conditional. Both type arguments of
std::conditional are named eagerly, so object_t::key_compare had to exist
regardless of the condition, and the has_key_compare guard added in 3.11.0
never took effect: any ObjectType without a key_compare member type failed to
compile while instantiating basic_json itself.

Use detected_or_t instead, which resolves through a SFINAE partial
specialization and only names object_t::key_compare when it exists. The
selected type is unchanged for every object type that compiled before, so
object_comparator_t -- a public member type -- keeps its meaning and ABI.

has_key_compare had no other users and is removed.

Add a regression test using an adapter around std::unordered_map, which has no
key_compare; it fails to compile without this change.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: list the types that are known to work for each template parameter

Follow up on the template parameter requirements page: state, for every
template parameter, which concrete types work and where they stop working.
Each entry was verified by compiling and running a common workload (DOM
access, dump, parse, CBOR/MessagePack round-trip, flatten, hash) against that
instantiation.

Findings worth calling out:

- ObjectType no longer needs a key_compare member type, so the std::unordered_map
  adapter only has to restore the template argument order. A hash-ordered
  ObjectType works everywhere except unflatten(), which reconstructs an array
  only when it meets the reference token 0 before the other indices.
- ArrayType: std::deque works when wrapped to add capacity(); std::list does not.
- StringType: std::pmr::string and std::basic_string with a custom allocator
  compile for the DOM, dump, and parse, but not for the binary readers, flatten,
  or diff, because the library assigns std::string values to string_t and
  int_to_string cannot be overloaded for a type in namespace std.
- NumberFloatType: long double works for dump and parse but not for the binary
  formats, which have no encoding for it.
- BinaryType: std::vector<std::byte> supports assignment, get, and the binary
  formats, but neither dump nor std::hash<basic_json>.

Also record the object_comparator_t fix in its version history.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix unflatten and binary dumping for non-default configurations

unflatten() decided between array and object by looking at the first reference
token it happened to see for a node: it started an array only when that token
was 0. With a sorted object type the token 0 always arrives first, so the
result was correct by accident; with an object type whose iteration order is
unspecified, {"/c/2":3,"/c/1":2,"/c/0":1} unflattened to an object with the
keys "0", "1", and "2" instead of an array.

Collect the pointer prefixes that have a reference token 0 among their children
before building the result, and let get_and_create() consult that set. The
outcome is now independent of the iteration order and matches, for every input,
what a sorted object type produced before: a value is restored as an array if
and only if one of its keys is 0. Iterating the flattened object in a different
order would have been simpler, but it would have changed the key order of the
result for insertion-ordered object types.

The serializer, std::hash, and the UBJSON writer converted the elements of a
binary value to an integer implicitly, which does not compile for a BinaryType
whose value type is std::byte, and which made dump() write the bytes of a
signed value type as negative numbers. Convert to std::uint8_t explicitly in
all three places, so every byte type dumps as 0..255. The default
std::vector<std::uint8_t> configuration is unaffected.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: note which Abseil containers can be used as template arguments

Checked against Abseil release 20250127.0 with the same workload as the other
entries on the page (DOM access, dump, parse, CBOR/MessagePack/UBJSON
round-trip, flatten, hash), with and without JSON_DIAGNOSTICS.

absl::flat_hash_map and absl::node_hash_map work as ObjectType through an
adapter that restores the template argument order and makes erase(iterator)
return the following iterator, which Abseil's returns as void. The page now
carries that adapter, and notes that absl::flat_hash_map does not keep
references to the mapped values valid across insertions while
absl::node_hash_map does. Both have a capacity() member, so JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
already refreshes the parent pointers conservatively for them.

absl::btree_map and absl::InlinedVector cannot be used at all: object_t and
array_t are formed while basic_json is still incomplete, and both inspect
their value type at class scope. std::map and std::vector are required by the
standard to tolerate this, third-party containers generally are not, so the
page states the constraint on its own rather than only per container.

absl::InlinedVector does work as BinaryType, where it is instantiated with a
complete type. absl::FixedArray and absl::Cord are not usable.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Relax the ArrayType and ObjectType requirements

Two requirements forced users of otherwise suitable containers to write a
wrapper, and neither was load-bearing.

array_t::capacity() was read in push_back(), emplace_back(), operator+=(), and
operator[](size_type), but set_parent() only looks at the value under
JSON_DIAGNOSTICS; without diagnostics it was computed and discarded. Read it
through array_capacity(), which reports unknown_size() when diagnostics are off
or when the array type has no capacity() at all, and treat an unknown capacity
as "the elements may have moved" so the parent pointers are refreshed
conservatively. std::deque now works as ArrayType, in both builds, and
capacity() is no longer named at all in a default build. Since the capacity is
now only meaningful for array insertions, it moves out of set_parent() into
set_parent_after_array_insert().

basic_json::erase(iterator) assigned the object's erase() return value, which
requires the container to return the following iterator. Abseil's hash maps
return void to avoid computing a successor the caller may not need. Detect that
and compute the successor before erasing; containers that return an iterator,
including the vector-backed ordered_map where a precomputed successor would be
wrong, keep the existing path.

Together these leave an Abseil hash map needing only an alias that restores the
template argument order, and no adapter at all for std::deque.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Do not require string_t to be convertible from std::string

Three places built a std::string and handed it to something expecting a
string_t: the UBJSON high-precision number reader, which every binary reader
instantiates, and the BSON writer's array element size calculation and write.
That silently required string_t to be implicitly convertible from std::string,
which std::string itself and types with a string_view conversion satisfy, but
many string types do not.

Construct the string_t explicitly from the data and size, which the
requirements already cover. This makes boost::container::string, eastl::string,
std::pmr::string, and std::basic_string with a custom allocator work as
StringType, none of which could previously be used with any binary format.

Add binary format coverage to the alt_string test, which had none, including a
UBJSON high-precision number -- the case that goes through the reader path.
BSON stays uncovered there: it additionally needs string_t::find(value_type),
which alt_string does not provide.

Also record which containers from Boost, Abseil, and EASTL work for each
template parameter, and correct two claims: std::pmr::string is usable after
this change, and tsl::ordered_map is not usable at all, because its iterators
expose the mapped value as const while basic_json modifies it in place.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: record compatibility for the common header-only hash maps

ankerl::unordered_dense (map and segmented_map), phmap (flat_hash_map and
node_hash_map), and robin_hood::unordered_flat_map all work as ObjectType
through the same adapter as Abseil's and Boost's hash maps, which only has to
restore the template argument order.

phmap::btree_map and robin_hood::unordered_node_map do not: like the other
btree containers they require a complete value type.

Note that none of these hash maps defines key_compare, so every one of them
depends on object_comparator_t falling back to default_object_comparator_t.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: record Folly and the remaining vector replacements

Folly works, with the caveat that its headers need C++20: folly::fbstring as
StringType, folly::fbvector and folly::small_vector as ArrayType,
folly::fbvector<std::uint8_t> as BinaryType, and folly::F14NodeMap as
ObjectType through the usual argument-order adapter. folly::F14FastMap is the
exception and requires a complete value type.

For ArrayType, boost::container::devector, boost::container::static_vector
(within its fixed capacity), and std::pmr::vector work as well.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: cover fifo_map, gtl, folly::sorted_vector_map, and Qt

nlohmann::fifo_map works through the adapter that has always been documented
for it, and preserves the insertion order. Restore its mention in the object
order page, which was dropped together with the tsl::ordered_map one: unlike
ordered_map it keeps a lookup index, so it is the insertion-ordered option
without the quadratic cost.

gtl::flat_hash_map and folly::sorted_vector_map work as well, the latter
through an alias that drops the allocator, whose value type it disagrees on.
gtl::btree_map does not, for the same reason as the other btree containers.

None of the Qt containers can be used, each for its own reason: QMap has no
value_type, QHash iterators yield the mapped value rather than a pair, QList
has no max_size(), QByteArray spells empty() as isEmpty(), and QString is
UTF-16.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: qualify the std::pmr::string support claim

Listing std::pmr::string as fully supported was an overclaim: it was only ever
checked with the default memory resource, which is not what PMR is for.

basic_json cannot be given an allocator or a memory resource, so a pmr string
inside a value always allocates from std::pmr::get_default_resource(), and
assigning an arena-backed string into a value silently drops its resource,
because polymorphic_allocator does not propagate on copy construction. Passing
polymorphic_allocator as AllocatorType does not compile either. Only the
process-global set_default_resource() redirects these allocations.

Say so, and separate the row from std::basic_string with a custom stateless
allocator, which is unaffected.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: remove a duplicated StringType compatibility section

The StringType section carried two 'Compatible types' tables and two copies of
the reference-implementation tip. The second table was a stale copy from before
the binary format string fixes and still listed std::pmr::string and
std::basic_string with a custom allocator as unusable, contradicting the
corrected table a few lines above it, and it dragged along the old explanation
that blamed int_to_string.

Drop the stale copy and put the surviving table before the notes, so the
'see below' in the std::pmr::string row points forwards.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: correct the template parameter requirements after independent verification

Every claim on the page was re-checked by compiling and running it, including
the rows that say a type cannot be used, which were checked to fail for the
documented reason and not merely to fail. Twenty-four claims were wrong.

The most consequential: the incomplete-type constraint applies to ObjectType
only. object_t is instantiated inside the class definition, because it is
probed for key_compare; array_t is only named there and is not instantiated
until basic_json is complete. So eastl::vector, QList and QVector are not
excluded by incomplete types at all -- they simply have no max_size() -- and
absl::InlinedVector is excluded for a subtler reason of its own.

Further corrections: ObjectType does not need erase(key), which has a fallback,
but does need at(key) for UBJSON output; only == and < are used, or == and <=>
under C++20, not all six; the documented adapter does not fit ankerl or
robin_hood. ArrayType needs no initializer-list insert, and value_type, the
(count, value) constructor and swappability are per-function, not always.
BinaryType needs a range insert for CBOR indefinite-length byte strings and
does not need push_back. StringType needs append(const StringType&)
unconditionally, and does not need operator!= or operator== against const
char*; empty(), resize(n) and reserve(n) are per-subsystem; int_to_string is
needed by diff, items and std::hash rather than by JSON Pointer or flatten.
BooleanType must be implicitly convertible from bool, and JSONSerializer's
second parameter need not carry a default.

std::pmr::string was wrong in the other direction this time: a moved-in string
does keep its memory resource, and later growth allocates from it. Only copies
land on the default resource.

Five requirement violations are not caught at compile time rather than the two
the page claimed; they are now listed together up front. Split every
compatibility table into what works and what does not, as the reasons in the
second half are the useful part.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Reduce the string_t and array_t members the library requires

Several members were required only because of how the library happened to
be written, not because the functionality needs them. Dropping them widens
the set of usable string and array types, and one of them was also a
performance problem.

string_t:

- c_str() is gone. Every call site already knew the length and passed it
  along, so data() is enough. The one place that did not, the diagnostics
  path in exceptions.hpp, now builds the token from data() and size(),
  which also stops it from truncating keys that contain a null byte.
- back() is gone; the serializer indexes the last character instead.
- find(str, pos), replace(), and substr() are gone. escape() and
  unescape() rebuilt the string with one replace() per escaped character,
  which moves the tail every time: escaping a string of n characters that
  all need escaping cost O(n^2). Both now scan with find_first_of() -- a
  member the pointer parser already required -- and append whole runs, so
  the common case is one search and one copy. Escaping 64000 tildes drops
  from 717 ms to 20 ms; a string with nothing to escape gets faster too
  (8.4 ms to 5.8 ms), because the scan is still a single memchr per pass.
  json_pointer::split() takes its reference tokens with the
  (const char*, size_type) constructor rather than substr().
- json_pointer::to_string() accumulates with concat<string_t> instead of
  letting concat default to std::string and converting afterwards, so
  streaming a json_pointer no longer requires string_t to be assignable
  from a std::string.

array_t:

- at(size_type) is gone. basic_json::at(size_type) checked the index by
  calling array_t::at() and translating std::out_of_range, which also
  required the array type to throw that exact exception. It now compares
  against size() and uses operator[]. The thrown exception, its message,
  and the behaviour under JSON_NOEXCEPTION are unchanged.

The BSON writer wrote the terminating null byte out of the string's own
buffer (size() + 1). It now writes the byte itself, so string_t::data()
need not be null-terminated for to_bson().

The tests pin the reduced API: alt_string loses the five dropped members
and gains coverage of the escaping paths, and a std::vector whose at() is
hidden is used as an ArrayType.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: record the reduced string_t and array_t requirements

Drop c_str(), back(), find(str, pos), replace(), and substr() from the
StringType requirements and at(size_type) from the ArrayType ones, and
note the string assignment the JSON pointer code performs. Streaming a
json_pointer no longer needs assignability from a std::string.

Add the non-null-terminated data() to the list of violations that are not
diagnosed at compile time -- it was described in the StringType section
but missing from the summary at the top -- and correct the QString row,
which no longer fails for the c_str() it lacks.

JSON_CATCH_USER no longer wraps a catch of std::out_of_range: the last one
went away with array_t::at(). Describe what the library actually catches.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Use character literals for the signed BinaryType test

MSVC rejects char(0xFF) with C4310 (cast truncates constant value),
which the Windows workflow treats as an error. The character literals
carry the same byte values without a narrowing cast.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Do not instantiate a hash map with an incomplete basic_json in the tests

object_t is probed for key_compare inside the definition of basic_json, so
it is instantiated while basic_json is still incomplete. Whether a hash map
survives that depends on the standard library: libstdc++ 9 needs the size of
the mapped type to instantiate std::unordered_map's node type and rejects
the adapter, which broke the GCC 9 builds.

The test now derives its no-key_compare object type from std::map -- which
does cope -- and shadows the inherited key_compare member type with an
entity that is not a type, so the library's probe finds none, exactly as for
a hash map. The unflatten() order-independence checks in unit-json_pointer
already cover the behaviour that the unordered object type was there for.
The limitation is documented for std::unordered_map.

Also address two Clang-Tidy findings the earlier commits introduced:
erase_from_object() declares its iterator with auto, and at(size_type) checks
the type first and then falls through to the return instead of throwing from
an else branch.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Keep diagnostic key paths null-terminated

Building the token from data() and size() kept an embedded null byte in the
key, and since what() hands out a C string, that truncated the whole message
rather than just the key: to_bson() on a key containing U+0000 reported
"[json.exception.out_of_range.409] (/en" instead of the full explanation.
This broke test-bson under JSON_DIAGNOSTICS.

Constructing from data() alone stops at the first null byte, which is what
c_str() did before, so the message is unchanged -- without requiring
string_t to provide c_str().

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Do not parse the value in the array-at() test

JSON_DIAGNOSTIC_POSITIONS adds the byte range of the value to the exception
message, which a parsed value has and an in-memory one does not, so the two
message checks failed in that configuration. Build the array in memory
instead of parsing it; the test is about at(size_type) not needing
array_t::at(), and the byte range is beside the point.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Move the custom BinaryType tests into their own translation unit

The two sections added to unit-regression2.cpp brought a third full
basic_json instantiation into a translation unit that was already large.
With Clang on MinGW that pushed the object over the reach of a 32-bit
relocation and test-regression2_cpp20.exe failed to link:

    relocation truncated to fit: IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32 against `.rdata'

unit-regression2.cpp is restored to exactly what it was before, and the
coverage moves to unit-custom-binary-type.cpp, next to the object and array
type tests it belongs with. The signed value type is now also covered in
C++11, where std::byte is not available.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Do not require the container iterators to be nothrow move constructible

iter_impl declared its defaulted move operations noexcept. The exception
specification a defaulted function gets implicitly follows from its members,
here internal_iterator, which holds the object and array iterators. libstdc++
gives std::deque's iterator a user-provided copy constructor without noexcept
before version 11, so the implicit specification is noexcept(false) and does
not match the declared one. That deletes the function -- and with g++ 4.8,
which predates CWG 1778, it is an error outright:

    error: function 'iter_impl<basic_json<std::map, std::deque> >::iter_impl(
    iter_impl&&)' defaulted on its first declaration with an
    exception-specification that differs from the implicit declaration

So std::deque, which this branch documents as a usable array type, could not
be used with an older standard library. Leaving the specification to be
computed cannot mismatch; iteration_proxy_value already spells out the same
condition next door.

The default configuration is unaffected: json::iterator, json::const_iterator
and ordered_json::iterator stay nothrow move constructible and move
assignable, which the test now checks so it cannot regress unnoticed.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Address two Clang-Tidy findings the custom container tests exposed

Both come from instantiating basic_json with containers other than the
default ones, and neither shows up with the Clang-Tidy version available
outside CI:

- insert(const_iterator, basic_json&&) forwards its by-value iterator to
  the const-reference overload. performance-unnecessary-value-param asks
  for the copy to be a move; it only fires for an iterator that is not
  trivially copyable, as std::deque's is not. The NOLINT on the function
  does not cover it, because the finding is reported where the parameter
  is used rather than where it is declared. Move it, which is what the
  check asks for and is a (very small) improvement in its own right.

- cppcoreguidelines-use-enum-class rejects the unnamed enum that shadowed
  the inherited key_compare member type. An enum class would not do, since
  it declares a type of that name and the probe would find it again; a
  member function declaration hides the name just as well.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Assert the iterators' exception specification relative to the container

The test pinned that nlohmann::json's iterators stay nothrow movable after
iter_impl's defaulted move operations lost their declared noexcept. That is
not a property of the library, though: the exception specification is now
computed from the container iterators, so it holds only for standard library
implementations whose iterators are themselves nothrow movable.

MSVC's checked iterators before VS2017 are not -- _Iterator_base12 registers
the iterator with the container's debug proxy in a copy constructor that
carries no noexcept -- so the assertions fail on a Visual Studio 2015 debug
build, which is the one debug configuration in the AppVeyor matrix and has no
counterpart in the GitHub Actions matrix.

Assert what the change actually guarantees instead: the iterators are nothrow
movable exactly when the object and array iterators they are built from are.
That still pins the default configuration against a silent regression, and it
is true whatever the standard library provides.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Detect a void-returning erase() through a named trait

erase_from_object() distinguished its two overloads with a decltype of a
member call written inline in a default template argument. Every other
detection in the library goes through the detector machinery in detected.hpp
instead -- has_erase_with_key_type is the same question about the same member
function -- and the inline form is the one shape older compilers are least
reliable about.

Express it the same way: detect_erase_with_iterator plus is_detected_exact,
both of which the library already relies on elsewhere. No behaviour changes.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Give the custom container types only the constructors the library uses

The three container types in the new tests inherited every constructor of
their base with using Base::Base. That asks for more than the test needs: the
library builds an object or an array by default construction, by copy or move,
and -- when converting between two basic_json types or from an initializer
list -- from an iterator range. Declaring those directly makes the requirement
visible in the test, and keeps object types out of a corner where a compiler
has to declare std::map's whole constructor set for a derived class while
basic_json is still incomplete.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Temporarily disable the new custom container tests

AppVeyor is the only CI that builds MSVC 2015 and 2017, and it has now
rejected three heads of this branch. Its build log is not reachable from
where this is being worked on, so the verdict is a single bit and the cause
has to be narrowed down by bisection.

Everything else stays: the library changes, the reduced alt_string, and the
unflatten() tests. If AppVeyor passes with these three translation units
disabled, the cause is one of the six basic_json instantiations they add; if
it fails, it is in the library. Either way this commit is reverted.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Guard the disabled tests with a macro rather than #if 0

Clang-Tidy's readability-avoid-unconditional-preprocessor-if rejects a literal
#if 0. Use a macro that is never defined instead, which the check does not
look at. Still temporary, and reverted together with the previous commit.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Re-enable the array and binary container tests

AppVeyor passed with all three new translation units disabled, so the library
changes, the reduced alt_string, and the unflatten() tests are fine on MSVC
2015 and 2017; the cause is one of the six basic_json instantiations the new
tests add.

Bring back two of the three. If AppVeyor passes again, the cause is in
unit-custom-object-type.cpp, which is the one still disabled; if it fails, it
is in one of these two and needs one more split. Still temporary.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Diagnose two silently violated template parameter requirements

Both were on the list of requirements that are not caught at compile time and
corrupt values rather than failing, and both are a plain size comparison:

- A BinaryType whose value_type is wider than one byte, which the readers and
  writers reinterpret as raw bytes anyway.
- A NumberUnsignedType too narrow to hold the absolute value of every
  NumberIntegerType value, which makes basic_json(INT64_MIN).dump() yield -0
  for std::int64_t with std::uint32_t.

Neither static_assert rejects a configuration that worked before: both only
fire where the result was already wrong. Also add the two comments the review
asked for, in write_bson_string() and calc_bson_array_size(), matching the
ones their counterparts already carry.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Align the template parameter tables and record what is now diagnosed

Every table in the page is reformatted so each column is exactly as wide as
its widest cell, which is what the review asked for in a dozen places: the
separator rows that ran two dashes long, the stray spaces, and the columns
padded well past their content.

The row listing six containers that require a complete mapped type is split
in two so that one cell no longer sets the width of the whole table.

Content changes: NumberUnsignedType is described as any unsigned integer type
at least as wide as NumberIntegerType rather than any unsigned integer type;
the two requirements that are now static_asserts move out of the list of
violations that are not caught at compile time; and the two places that
require a non-const operator[] say why data() will not do (std::string has no
non-const data() before C++17).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Bisect the other way: only the object container tests

The previous head touched only docs/, which AppVeyor's only_commits filter
skips, so it produced no build and no status at all -- the pull request looked
green without ever having been built on MSVC 2015 or 2017.

Swap the guards instead of repeating that step: unit-custom-object-type.cpp is
enabled and the array and binary translation units are disabled. AppVeyor
already passed with all three disabled, so a failure here pins the cause on
no_key_compare_json or void_erase_json, and a pass pins it on the array or
binary file. Still temporary.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Split the two object types apart

AppVeyor failed with only unit-custom-object-type.cpp enabled and passed with
all three new translation units disabled, so the cause is one of the two
object types in this file and not the array or binary ones.

Guard out void_erase_map and leave no_key_compare_map, which separates the two
constructs under suspicion: shadowing the inherited key_compare member type
with an entity that is not a type, and hiding the inherited erase with a
void-returning overload. A failure here points at the first, a pass at the
second. Still temporary.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Build the no-key_compare object type by composition, not inheritance

The "object type without key_compare" test failed on AppVeyor's MSVC
2017 jobs (/std:c++17): its no_key_compare_map derived publicly from
std::map and shadowed the inherited key_compare type with a same-named
member function, relying on ordinary member hiding to make key_compare
unreachable as a type for the library's detection trait. MSVC 2017
does not honor that hiding for a typename-qualified lookup performed
from outside the class and still resolves key_compare to the base's
comparator type, so object_comparator_t incorrectly picked it up
instead of falling back to default_object_comparator_t.

Wrapping a std::map by composition instead removes the base class
entirely, so there is no key_compare to find under any lookup rule,
on any compiler. Also drops the now-unneeded JSON_BISECT_CUSTOM_CONTAINER_TESTS
guard left over from narrowing this down: the void_erase_map test in
the same file was never the cause and is re-enabled unconditionally.

Verified locally with clang++ and g++ under C++17 and C++20.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Re-enable the array and binary custom-container tests

unit-custom-array-type.cpp and unit-custom-binary-type.cpp were still
guarded behind JSON_BISECT_CUSTOM_CONTAINER_TESTS from bisecting the
AppVeyor failure fixed in 7c39f3227, which was unrelated to either
file. The macro was never defined, so none of these tests actually ran
in CI. Verified locally with clang++ and g++ under C++17 and C++20
before removing the guards.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix indentation of custom_object_type per astyle

The one-line function bodies in the composition-based no_key_compare_map
(7c39f3227) do not match the project's Allman brace style, which the
ci_test_amalgamation job enforces with astyle. Reformatted with the
pinned astyle 3.4.13; no functional change.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* docs: add compiled reference implementations for the container template parameters

Each of ObjectType, ArrayType, StringType, and BinaryType now links to a
minimal, self-contained header (docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/custom_*_type.hpp)
that wraps the corresponding standard container by composition and satisfies
every "Always required" member listed on that page. Unlike the prose
requirement lists, these are real code: each header has a companion .cpp that
instantiates a basic_json specialization with it and is compiled and run by
the existing ci_test_examples check (docs/Makefile's check_output_portable),
so the reference implementations cannot silently drift from what the library
actually requires. The .output files were generated with that same target.

StringType's existing pointer to tests/src/unit-alt-string.cpp's alt_string
is kept alongside the new header as a more thorough, battle-tested example.

Verified locally: astyle (pinned 3.4.13, project .astylerc) on the new files;
clang++/g++ under C++11/17/20 for each example against the amalgamated
header; `make check_output_portable` in docs/; `mkdocs build --strict` and
scripts/check_structure.py for the page itself.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Declare no_key_compare_map's accessors noexcept

The GCC C++20 job builds with -Wnoexcept and -Werror, and the standard
library takes noexcept(c.begin()) and noexcept(c.end()) in ranges_base.h and
range_access.h. Forwarding to std::map without repeating its noexcept made
those expressions false, which the warning reports as an error:

  error: noexcept-expression evaluates to 'false' because of a call to
         no_key_compare_map<...>::begin()          [-Werror=noexcept]
  note:  but ... does not throw; perhaps it should be declared 'noexcept'

Give the accessors the exception specification of what they forward to.
std::map declares begin, end, cbegin, cend, empty, size, max_size, and clear
noexcept, so the wrapper does too. swap is left alone: std::map's is only
conditionally noexcept, and nothing asks for it.

void_erase_map is unaffected because it still derives from std::map and
inherits accessors that already carry the specification.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Write out what the defaulted constructor of no_key_compare_map implied

ci_test_gcc builds with -Weffc++, which asks for data to be initialized in a
member initialization list; a defaulted default constructor does not do that:

  error: 'no_key_compare_map<...>::data' should be initialized in the member
         initialization list                              [-Werror=effc++]

Writing the constructor out satisfies that but drops the exception
specification the defaulted one carried, which -Wnoexcept then objects to
where the standard library takes noexcept(construct(...)). Declare it the way
the defaulted constructor was: noexcept when the wrapped map's default
constructor is.

This is the cost of composition -- inheritance carried std::map's exception
specifications and initialization for free, and forwarding by hand has to
restate them.

Checked with the repository's own GCC warning set from cmake/gcc_flags.cmake,
all 346 flags, at C++11, C++17 and C++20: no diagnostics for this file, nor
for the two custom container translation units that were disabled while the
MSVC failure was narrowed down and are built again now.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Mark no_key_compare_map::swap noexcept

Clang-Tidy rejects a swap that is not:

  error: swap functions should be marked noexcept
         [cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-swap,performance-noexcept-swap]

It was left unmarked on the grounds that std::map::swap is only
conditionally noexcept, so an unconditional promise would be wrong for a
comparator or allocator that can throw while swapping. Both concerns are met
by taking the specification from the wrapped map rather than asserting one:
noexcept(noexcept(data.swap(other.data))). Clang-Tidy accepts that, and no
NOLINT is needed.

Last in the series of specifications that inheritance used to supply and
composition has to write out by hand.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018hxZxz8svM54c6ATEvXp5E
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-15 20:46:37 +02:00
Niels Lohmann b17c272f46 Reserve capacity in from_json() object conversion when the target container supports it (#5472)
* Reserve capacity in from_json() object conversion when supported

The object-to-container from_json() overload filled the target
container one element at a time without reserving capacity, even
when the target type supports reserve() (e.g. std::unordered_map)
and the number of elements is already known. This caused unnecessary
rehashing while parsing large objects into such containers.

Add a reserve-detecting overload (from_json_object_impl), mirroring
the priority_tag-based SFINAE technique already used by the array
conversion path (from_json_array_impl), so that reserve(size()) is
called up front when available and the loop falls back unchanged
otherwise (e.g. for std::map).

Fixes #5406

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Update doc example outputs for new object-conversion iteration order

Reserving capacity in from_json()'s object-conversion path before
inserting elements changes libstdc++'s std::unordered_map bucket
layout, which changes the iteration order used by
get__ValueType_const.cpp, get_to.cpp and operator__ValueType.cpp to
print the elements of a converted std::unordered_map<std::string,
json>. Verified against a clean develop checkout (built with the
same GCC/libstdc++ used in CI) that the old order was produced
without this PR's change and the new order is produced with it, and
that the three affected examples now match their updated expected
output byte-for-byte.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Factor out a reserve-dispatch helper instead of duplicating the object from_json loop

Addresses review feedback from @gregmarr on PR #5472: the emplace loop no
longer needs to exist twice for the reserve/no-reserve cases. A small
from_json_object_reserve() overload pair (SFINAE-dispatched on whether
reserve() exists, mirroring the priority_tag technique used elsewhere)
either calls reserve() or is a no-op; from_json_object_impl() calls it once.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Inline from_json_object_impl into from_json now that it is called only once

Addresses review feedback from @gregmarr on PR #5472: with the reserve
loop de-duplicated, from_json_object_impl no longer needs to be a
separate function that from_json immediately delegates to.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-09-09 09:54:12 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 734fd305a1 Format-check the documentation examples in CI (#5386)
* Reformat parser_callback_t example with astyle

The file uses "json & /*parsed*/" in three lambda parameter lists, which
astyle rewrites to "json& /*parsed*/" per --align-reference=type. The
drift went unnoticed because CI never format-checked the documentation
examples; "make pretty" does cover them.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Format-check the documentation examples in CI

The examples live in docs/mkdocs/docs/examples, but both format checks
still referenced the long-gone docs/examples path:

- check_amalgamation.yml passed it to find, which printed an error for
  the missing path and carried on, so astyle only ever saw include and
  tests. The step still exited 0.
- ci.cmake globbed it into INDENT_FILES, and a GLOB_RECURSE over a
  missing directory silently yields nothing, so the ci_test_amalgamation
  target skipped the examples too.

Either way the 231 example files have never been format-checked. Point
both at the real path, and guard the workflow with an explicit directory
check so a future rename fails the job instead of quietly shrinking the
file list again.

Also drop the dead docs/examples/** path filter from
publish_documentation.yml; docs/mkdocs/** already covers the examples.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-08-20 12:32:50 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 1c63a120b6 docs: document how discarded values are removed by the parser callback (#5354)
Follow-up to #5342, which fixed the parser callback leaving a discarded
member behind when an array or a value under an object key was rejected.
The documentation of parser_callback_t only stated that discarded values
in structured types are skipped, without saying that this covers object
parents and that the key is removed along with the value, so there was no
way to tell the fixed behavior from the buggy one.

Spell out the discarding rules, add an example that exercises the cases
the fix repaired, and correct the return value description: a discarded
top-level value is replaced by null, not by "an empty discarded object".

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-08-04 08:45:02 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 631e667fe5 Document a duplicate-object-key rejection recipe (#5259)
* 📝 Document a duplicate-object-key rejection recipe

RFC 8259 leaves handling of duplicate object keys to the implementation;
this library silently keeps only the last value for a repeated key.
Discussion #5085 asked for an opt-in rejection mode. Decision: don't
change library behavior, but document the existing parser-callback
workaround instead.

Adds a "Recipe: rejecting duplicate object keys" section to
parser_callbacks.md, adapted from a community-contributed workaround.
Fixed an off-by-one bug in the original snippet: object_start reports
the depth of the object's parent, while key events inside that object
report depth+1, so indexing the per-depth key set with the same depth
in both places caused an out-of-bounds access on nested objects.
Verified the published snippet compiles and behaves correctly for flat
duplicates, nested duplicates, sibling objects sharing key names, and
arrays of objects.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Cross-link the duplicate-key recipe with the existing object_t behavior docs

object_t.md and features/types/index.md already document that duplicate
object keys resolve to an unspecified value (RFC 8259 leaves this to the
implementation). The new recipe's intro overstated this as a guaranteed
"last value wins" rule, which isn't true in general -- parsing text keeps
the last value, but constructing from an initializer list keeps the first.
Reworded the recipe to point at object_t's "unspecified" behavior instead
of asserting a specific rule, and added cross-links from both existing
pages to the new recipe.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Turn the duplicate-key recipe into a standalone, compiled example

Replace the inline code fence in the "rejecting duplicate object keys"
recipe with a proper docs/mkdocs/docs/examples/*.cpp + .output pair,
included via --8<-- like every other example on the site. The .output
file was generated by running it through the project's actual example
build (docs/Makefile: single_include, -std=c++11, -DJSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS=0)
and cross-checked with `make check_output`, and the source passes the
pinned astyle 3.4.13 formatting unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-07-09 20:39:59 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 8d7e0046f4 Add std::format and fmt support (#5224)
* ✨ add std::format and fmt support

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* ♻️ reorganize PR

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* 💚 fix build

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* 💚 fix build

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* 💚 fix build

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-07-02 15:59:36 +02:00
Caillin NugentandNiels Lohmann 58cfecf7f7 Serialize enum (#5151)
* Added NLOHNMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT
- duplicate of NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* Added failing tests for NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* modified NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_STRICT to throw

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* added documentation and changed readme to include NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* ran amalgamate

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* docs(macros): add page for JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT
- added page to nav
- added links to new page where appropriate

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* refactor(macros): make JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT use JSON_THROW
- added templated wrapper function to fix scope error in calling JSON_THROW

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* refactor(macros): make NLOHMANN_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT use error code 410
- added error code 410 to docs

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* tests(macros): add test for to_json with enum value not mentioned
	       in mapping for NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <nugentcaillin@gmail.com>

* fix(macro): prevent compilation error with -Werror and -Wunused-parameter
            with NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT
- casted exception to void to avoid warning

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* fix(docs): add link to NLOHMANN_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT docs to exception page

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* docs(macros): add example of exception throwing for NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

* refactor(macros): add more in-depth error message to NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM_STRICT
- changed error message to follow style of nlohmann/json#4989
- made description of throw wrapper more general
- updated tests and example of exceptions

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>

---------

Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <caillinn@student.unimelb.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Caillin Nugent <nugentcaillin@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com>
2026-05-18 20:37:07 +02:00
George SedovandNiels Lohmann cba5dc0ed8 New macros for the named JSON convertor generation (#4563)
* Add new macros for named conversions

* Unit tests for the named conversion macros

* Update the docs to include the new macros

* Fix the documentation for the macros

the correct maximum number of member variables is 63

* Fix CI tests

* update the named macros

* move the example files

* update the explicit macros expansion

* update documentation

* fix documentation hiccups

* astyle changes

* add static analysis exceptions

* change md header to explicit html to fit the length

* Small corrections to docs

Co-authored-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: George Sedov <radist.morse@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: George Sedov <radist.morse@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com>
2026-05-16 10:04:22 +02:00
trdesilva a0a4e7cc0b Add front methods to json_pointers (implements #4889) (#5152)
* Added front, pop_front, and push_front methods to json_pointers in order to facilitate root-to-leaf traversals of JSON object trees. (#4889)

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>

* undid VS autoformatting in irrelevant code

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>

* Ran make amalgamate, added navigation to json_pointer's new front methods in mkdocs, and fixed errors in documented complexity for those methods.

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fixed GCC 4.8 compile error caused by const iterators

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fixed another gcc-4.8 compile error

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>

* amalgamated

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: trdesilva <5818730+trdesilva@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-05-13 07:59:16 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 515d994acb 📄 adjust year (#5044)
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2026-01-01 20:00:39 +01:00
Andy Choi cda9c1e3bd Use get instead of template get in REAMD.md and docs in non-template context (#4846)
Signed-off-by: Andy Choi <ccpong516@gmail.com>
2025-10-30 10:23:04 +01:00
co63oc 44bee1b138 chore: fix typos (#4921)
Signed-off-by: co63oc <co63oc@users.noreply.github.com>
2025-09-16 08:07:00 +02:00
chirszandNiels Lohmann 4b17f90f65 Add ignore_trailing_commas option (#4609)
Added examples and modified the corresponding documents and unit tests.

Signed-off-by: chirsz-ever <chirsz-ever@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Niels Lohmann <niels.lohmann@gmail.com>
2025-05-22 08:01:46 +02:00
Niels Lohmann 1705bfe914 🔖 set version to 3.12.0 (#4727)
Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2025-04-11 10:41:14 +02:00
Niels Lohmann e90c860d53 Add note on derived return type for value function (#4628)
* 📝 add note on derived return type

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* 📝 add note on derived return type

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
2025-01-26 18:40:55 +01:00
Harinath Nampally d23291ba26 use diagnostic positions in exceptions (#4585)
* add a ci step for Json_Diagnostic_Positions

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* Update ci.cmake to address review comments

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* address review comment

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix typo in the comment

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix typos in ci.cmake

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* invoke the new ci step from ubuntu.yml

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* issue4561 - use diagnostic positions for exceptions

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix ci_test_documentation check

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* address review comments

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix ci check failures for unit-diagnostic-postions.cpp

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* improvements based on review comments

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix const correctness string

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* further refinements based on reviews

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* add one more test case for full coverage

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* ci check fix - add const

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* add unit tests for json_diagnostic_postions only

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix ci_test_diagnostics

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

* fix ci_test_build_documentation check

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Harinath Nampally <harinath922@gmail.com>
2025-01-19 10:42:21 +01:00
kimci86 8a882f32ed Generate template functions with NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE macros (#4597)
* Support any basic_json type in NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_* macros

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Test NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_* macros also support unordered_json

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Simplify test about NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_ with many arguments

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Remove extra scope in macros tests

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Remove unused test class in macros tests

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Update documentation about NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_* macros

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Fix NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM documentation

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Mark some variables const in macros tests, fixes clang-tidy

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Workaround clang 3.5 issue with const object initialization

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Update highlighted lines in NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_* macros examples

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Fix swapped macros in documentation

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Remove extra backslashes at the end of macros

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Require basic_json type in NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_* generated functions

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

* Fix typos in macros documentation

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>

---------

Signed-off-by: kimci86 <kimci86@hotmail.fr>
2025-01-18 22:59:09 +01:00
Niels Lohmann 26cfec34be Clean up and document project files (#4560) 2025-01-17 06:53:35 +01:00