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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/community/quality_assurance/" rel="canonical"><link href=../contribution_guidelines/ rel=prev><link href=../governance/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Quality assurance - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/community/quality_assurance/" rel="canonical"><link href=../contribution_guidelines/ rel=prev><link href=../governance/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Quality assurance - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 Line truncated
<span class=c># -Wno-c++98-compat The library targets C++11.</span>
<span class=c># -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic The library targets C++11.</span>
<span class=c># -Wno-deprecated-declarations The library contains annotations for deprecated functions.</span>
@@ -397,7 +397,37 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=s>-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=s>-Wzero-length-bounds</span>
<span class=p>)</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> </li> </ul> <h2 id=c-standard-library-compliance>C++ standard library compliance<a class=headerlink href=#c-standard-library-compliance title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: No prerequisites</p> <p>The library has no prerequisites other than the Standard Template Library (<abbr title="Standard Template Library">STL</abbr>).</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled and tested with both <a href="https://libcxx.llvm.org">libc++</a> and <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/">libstdc++</a> to detect subtle differences or incompatibilities.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code checked with <a href="https://include-what-you-use.org">Include What You Use (IWYU)</a> that all required standard headers are included.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> On Windows, the library is compiled with <code>&lt;Windows.h&gt;</code> being included to detect and avoid common bugs (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/tests/src/unit-windows_h.cpp"><code>unit-windows_h.cpp</code></a>).</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled with Qt's keyword macros (<code>slots</code>, <code>signals</code>, <code>emit</code>, <code>foreach</code>, <code>forever</code>) being defined to make sure it does not use them as identifiers (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/tests/src/unit-qt_keywords.cpp"><code>unit-qt_keywords.cpp</code></a>).</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled with exceptions disabled to support alternative means of error handling.</li> </ul> <h2 id=stable-public-api>Stable public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr><a class=headerlink href=#stable-public-api title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Stable public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr></p> <p>Any change to the library does not break the public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr>.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> All public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> functions are tested with a variety of arguments.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled and tested with different template arguments for number, string, array, and object types.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Unit tests cover all lines of the code base.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Every exception of the library is thrown in the test suite, and the error messages and exception ids are checked.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Complete documentation</p> <p>The public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> is extensively documented.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Every public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> function has a dedicated page in the <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/"><abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> reference documentation</a> with a self-contained code example.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> All examples in the documentation are tested, and changes in their output are treated as an error.</li> </ul> <h2 id=robust-input-processing>Robust input processing<a class=headerlink href=#robust-input-processing title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Standards compliance</p> <p>The library is compliant to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> as defined in <a href="https://datatracker.ieLine truncated
</code></pre></div> </details> </li> </ul> <h2 id=c-standard-library-compliance>C++ standard library compliance<a class=headerlink href=#c-standard-library-compliance title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: No prerequisites</p> <p>The library has no prerequisites other than the Standard Template Library (<abbr title="Standard Template Library">STL</abbr>).</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled and tested with both <a href="https://libcxx.llvm.org">libc++</a> and <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/">libstdc++</a> to detect subtle differences or incompatibilities.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code checked with <a href="https://include-what-you-use.org">Include What You Use (<abbr title="Include What You Use">IWYU</abbr>)</a> that all required standard headers are included.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> On Windows, the library is compiled with <code>&lt;Windows.h&gt;</code> being included to detect and avoid common bugs (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/tests/src/unit-windows_h.cpp"><code>unit-windows_h.cpp</code></a>).</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled with Qt's keyword macros (<code>slots</code>, <code>signals</code>, <code>emit</code>, <code>foreach</code>, <code>forever</code>) being defined to make sure it does not use them as identifiers (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/tests/src/unit-qt_keywords.cpp"><code>unit-qt_keywords.cpp</code></a>).</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled with exceptions disabled to support alternative means of error handling.</li> </ul> <h2 id=stable-public-api>Stable public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr><a class=headerlink href=#stable-public-api title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Stable public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr></p> <p>Any change to the library does not break the public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr>.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> All public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> functions are tested with a variety of arguments.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is compiled and tested with different template arguments for number, string, array, and object types.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Unit tests cover all lines of the code base.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Every exception of the library is thrown in the test suite, and the error messages and exception ids are checked.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Complete documentation</p> <p>The public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> is extensively documented.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Every public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> function has a dedicated page in the <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/"><abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> reference documentation</a> with a self-contained code example.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> All examples in the documentation are tested, and changes in their output are treated as an error.</li> </ul> <h2 id=robust-input-processing>Robust input processing<a class=headerlink href=#robust-input-processing title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Standards compliance</p> <p>The library is compliant to <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> as Line truncated
<span class=c1># altera-*, fuchsia-*, llvmlibc-*, android-cloexec-fopen, boost-use-ranges, llvm-header-guard,</span>
<span class=c1># llvm-include-order, llvm-prefer-static-over-anonymous-namespace, llvm-use-ranges,</span>
<span class=c1># misc-use-anonymous-namespace, google-runtime-float, google-runtime-int, hicpp-signed-bitwise,</span>
<span class=c1># bugprone-signed-bitwise, hicpp-explicit-conversions, google-explicit-constructor,</span>
<span class=c1># cppcoreguidelines-explicit-constructor, misc-explicit-constructor (implicit conversions are the</span>
<span class=c1># API), readability-trailing-comma,</span>
<span class=c1># hicpp-avoid-goto / cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto, hicpp-no-array-decay,</span>
<span class=c1># hicpp-uppercase-literal-suffix, readability-uppercase-literal-suffix, modernize-use-trailing-return-type.</span>
<span class=c1># Constructs the library needs on purpose (the library supports C++11 and legacy compilers):</span>
<span class=c1># cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage, cppcoreguidelines-avoid-do-while (macros),</span>
<span class=c1># cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-*, cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,</span>
<span class=c1># cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access (parsers, serializers, basic_json's value union),</span>
<span class=c1># cppcoreguidelines-avoid-const-or-ref-data-members, cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved,</span>
<span class=c1># cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables, misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,</span>
<span class=c1># misc-no-recursion (value walks are recursive, bounded by detail::recursion_depth_limit()),</span>
<span class=c1># modernize-type-traits, modernize-use-constraints, modernize-use-ranges, modernize-use-std-numbers,</span>
<span class=c1># modernize-use-designated-initializers, modernize-use-nodiscard, modernize-concat-nested-namespaces,</span>
<span class=c1># readability-redundant-typename, readability-redundant-parentheses,</span>
<span class=c1># readability-redundant-access-specifiers, readability-simplify-boolean-expr,</span>
<span class=c1># readability-use-concise-preprocessor-directives, modernize-use-string-view,</span>
<span class=c1># modernize-use-integer-sign-comparison (needs std::cmp_less; the flagged</span>
<span class=c1># static_cast&lt;std::size_t&gt;(end - pos) &lt; n comparisons are deliberate)</span>
<span class=c1># (all need a newer standard or compiler than C++11, or would change macro-generated or</span>
<span class=c1># deliberately explicit code).</span>
<span class=c1># Too noisy to be useful (numeric parsing/formatting code, doctest, tests):</span>
<span class=c1># bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters, cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers, readability-magic-numbers,</span>
<span class=c1># readability-identifier-length, readability-function-cognitive-complexity, performance-enum-size,</span>
<span class=c1># concurrency-mt-unsafe, misc-confusable-identifiers, misc-include-cleaner (run on its own for</span>
<span class=c1># the consumer headers in cmake/ci.cmake).</span>
<span class=c1># portability-avoid-pragma-once: kept disabled on purpose. #pragma once is accepted</span>
<span class=c1># by every supported compiler, and tools/amalgamate/amalgamate.py strips it from</span>
<span class=c1># single_include, so there is nothing left to fix here.</span>
@@ -409,14 +439,14 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-android-cloexec-fopen,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-boost-use-ranges,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cert-err58-cpp,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-clang-analyzer-webkit.NoUncountedMemberChecker,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-bugprone-signed-bitwise,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-concurrency-mt-unsafe,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-const-or-ref-data-members,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-do-while,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-explicit-constructor,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-avoid-unchecked-container-access,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,</span>
@@ -425,19 +455,15 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-cppcoreguidelines-virtual-class-destructor,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-fuchsia-default-arguments-calls,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-fuchsia-default-arguments-declarations,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-fuchsia-overloaded-operator,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-google-explicit-constructor,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-google-readability-function-size,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-google-runtime-float,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-google-runtime-int,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-avoid-goto,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-explicit-conversions,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-function-size,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-no-array-decay,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-no-assembler,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-signed-bitwise,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-hicpp-uppercase-literal-suffix,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-llvm-header-guard,</span>
@@ -447,6 +473,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-llvmlibc-*,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-misc-use-anonymous-namespace,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-misc-confusable-identifiers,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-misc-explicit-constructor,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-misc-include-cleaner,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-misc-no-recursion,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,</span>
@@ -454,20 +481,22 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-type-traits,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-constraints,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-designated-initializers,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-integer-sign-comparison,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-nodiscard,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-ranges,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-string-view,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-std-numbers,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-performance-enum-size,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-portability-avoid-pragma-once,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-function-cognitive-complexity,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-function-size,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-identifier-length,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-magic-numbers,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-redundant-access-specifiers,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-redundant-parentheses,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-redundant-typename,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-simplify-boolean-expr,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-trailing-comma,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-uppercase-literal-suffix,</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=na>-readability-use-concise-preprocessor-directives'</span>
@@ -482,7 +511,7 @@
<span class=na>WarningsAsErrors</span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>'*'</span>
<span class=na>HeaderFilterRegex</span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>'.*hpp$'</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> </li> <li class=task-list-item> <p><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with the latest <a href="https://cppcheck.sourceforge.io">Cppcheck</a> with all warnings enabled.</p> </li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with the latest <a href="https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org">Clang Static Analyzer</a> with 89 enabled rules.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with <a href="https://fbinfer.com">Infer</a>.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with <a href="https://app.codacy.com/gh/nlohmann/json/dashboard">Codacy</a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id=dynamic-analysis>Dynamic analysis<a class=headerlink href=#dynamic-analysis title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Correctness</p> <p>The library is checked for memory correctness and absence of undefined behavior.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed with enabled <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/features/assertions/">runtime assertions</a> to check invariants and preconditions of functions to detect undefined behavior.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed with <a href="https://valgrind.org">Valgrind</a> (Memcheck) to detect memory leaks.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed with <a href="https://github.com/google/sanitizers">Sanitizers</a> (address sanitizer, undefined behavior sanitizer, integer overflow detection, nullability violations).</li> </ul> <h2 id=dependencies>Dependencies<a class=headerlink href=#dependencies title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: No vulnerable dependencies</p> <p>The library has no dependencies besides the C++ standard library. The tools used to build, test, and document it are kept free of known vulnerabilities.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> GitHub Actions are pinned to a commit hash, and the Python packages used by the documentation and the tools are pinned to exact versions.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot">Dependabot</a> checks these dependencies daily and proposes updates as pull requests.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Every pull request is checked with the <a href="https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action">dependency review action</a>. A pull request that adds a dependency with a known vulnerability of any severity fails this check and is not merged.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Vulnerability alerts for dependencies are fixed or dismissed with a documented reason before the next release. No release is made while such an alert is open.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Third-party code included in the repository for testing, such as <a href="https://github.com/doctest/doctest">doctest</a>, is updated manually.</li> </ul> <h2 id=style-check>Style check<a class=headerlink href=#style-check title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Common code style</p> <p>A common code style is used throughout all code files of the library.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item> <p><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is formatted with <a href="https://astyle.sourceforge.net">Artistic Style</a> (astyle) against a style configuration that is also enforced in the <abbr title="Continuous Integration">CI</abbr>.</p> <details class=abstract> <summarLine truncated
</code></pre></div> </details> </li> <li class=task-list-item> <p><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with the latest <a href="https://cppcheck.sourceforge.io">Cppcheck</a> with all warnings enabled.</p> </li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with the latest <a href="https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org">Clang Static Analyzer</a> with 52 enabled checkers.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with <a href="https://fbinfer.com">Infer</a>.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is checked with <a href="https://app.codacy.com/gh/nlohmann/json/dashboard">Codacy</a>.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code is scanned with <a href="https://codeql.github.com">CodeQL</a>, <a href="https://semgrep.dev">Semgrep</a>, and <a href="https://dwheeler.com/flawfinder/">Flawfinder</a> on every push and pull request and on a schedule; the findings are reported to GitHub's code scanning.</li> </ul> <h2 id=dynamic-analysis>Dynamic analysis<a class=headerlink href=#dynamic-analysis title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Correctness</p> <p>The library is checked for memory correctness and absence of undefined behavior.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed with enabled <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/features/assertions/">runtime assertions</a> to check invariants and preconditions of functions to detect undefined behavior.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed with <a href="https://valgrind.org">Valgrind</a> (Memcheck) to detect memory leaks.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed with <a href="https://github.com/google/sanitizers">Sanitizers</a> (address sanitizer, undefined behavior sanitizer, integer overflow detection, nullability violations).</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The fuzz targets are run with <a href="https://google.github.io/oss-fuzz/getting-started/continuous-integration/">CIFuzz</a> on every pull request to catch regressions before they are merged.</li> </ul> <h2 id=dependencies>Dependencies<a class=headerlink href=#dependencies title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: No vulnerable dependencies</p> <p>The library has no dependencies besides the C++ standard library. The tools used to build, test, and document it are kept free of known vulnerabilities.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> GitHub Actions are pinned to a commit hash, and the Python packages used by the documentation and the tools are pinned to exact versions.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot">Dependabot</a> checks these dependencies daily and proposes updates as pull requests.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Every pull request is checked with the <a href="https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action">dependency review action</a>. A pull request that adds a dependency with a known vulnerability of any severity fails this check and is not merged.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Vulnerability alerts for dependencies are fixed or dismissed with a documented reason before the next release. No release is made while such an alert is open.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> Third-party code included in the repository for testing, such as <a href="htLine truncated
<span class=c1># see https://astyle.sourceforge.net/astyle.html</span>
<span class=c1>#######################</span>
@@ -562,4 +591,4 @@
<span class=c1># for the linux (LF) line end style</span>
<span class=na>--lineend</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=s>linux</span>
</code></pre></div> </details> </li> <li class=task-list-item> <p><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code style is checked with <a href="https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint">cpplint</a> with 61 enabled rules.</p> </li> </ul> <h2 id=simple-integration>Simple integration<a class=headerlink href=#simple-integration title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Single header</p> <p>The library can be used by adding a single header to a C++ project.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> An amalgamation script is used to check if the source code is exposed as a self-contained single-header file.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is checked against the amalgamated source file as well as the individual source file.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: CMake as primary development tool</p> <p>All library functions are exposed and usable by CMake.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> All library options are exposed as <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/">CMake options</a> and tested.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is tested against relevant CMake versions:</li> <li>CMake 3.5 (the earliest supported)</li> <li>CMake 3.31.6 (the latest 3.x release)</li> <li>CMake 4.0.0 (a very recent release)</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 19, 2026 20:00:31 UTC">October 19, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 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</code></pre></div> </details> </li> <li class=task-list-item> <p><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The code style is checked with <a href="https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint">cpplint</a> with 61 enabled rules.</p> </li> </ul> <h2 id=simple-integration>Simple integration<a class=headerlink href=#simple-integration title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Single header</p> <p>The library can be used by adding a single header to a C++ project.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> An amalgamation script is used to check if the source code is exposed as a self-contained single-header file.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is checked against the amalgamated source file as well as the individual source file.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: CMake as primary development tool</p> <p>All library functions are exposed and usable by CMake.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> All library options are exposed as <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/">CMake options</a> and tested.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library is tested against relevant CMake versions:</li> <li>CMake 3.5 (the earliest supported)</li> <li>CMake 3.31.6 (the latest 3.x release)</li> <li>CMake 4.0.0 (the first 4.x release)</li> </ul> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Other build systems</p> <p>The library can be used with build systems and package managers other than CMake.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The library can be consumed with <a href="https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/package_managers/">Meson</a> and the Swift Package Manager; the installation with Meson and the resolution of <code>Package.swift</code> are tested in the <abbr title="Continuous Integration">CI</abbr>.</li> </ul> <div class="admonition success"> <p class=admonition-title>Requirement: Reproducible and verifiable builds</p> <p>The library can be built and tested without network access or a Git checkout, and its licensing is machine-readable.</p> </div> <ul class=task-list> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed from an exported source tree without the <code>.git</code> directory and with the test data being available offline.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The test suite is executed without the tests that change installed files to check that builds are reproducible.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The repository is checked for compliance with the <a href="https://reuse.software"><abbr title="Software licensing specification by the Free Software Foundation Europe">REUSE</abbr> specification</a> so that the license and copyright of every file is machine-readable.</li> <li class=task-list-item><label class=task-list-control><input type=checkbox disabled checked><span class=task-list-indicator></span></label> The documentation is built with warnings treated as errors, and its links are checked regularly.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 25, 2026 11:08:14 UTC">October 25, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(Line truncated