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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json_view/operator_ltlt/" rel="canonical"><link href=../number_token/ rel=prev><link href=../operator%5B%5D/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>operator<< - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json_view/operator_ltlt/" rel="canonical"><link href=../number_token/ rel=prev><link href=../operator%5B%5D/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>operator<< - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> operator<< </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark 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</code></pre></div> <p>Not available when <a href=../../macros/json_no_io/ ><code>JSON_NO_IO</code></a> is defined.</p> <p>Serializes the given view <code>v</code> to the output stream <code>o</code>, using <a href=../dump/ ><code>dump</code></a> -- exactly as <code class=highlight><span class=k>operator</span><span class=o><<</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ostream</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=p>)</span></code> does for a <code>basic_json</code> value.</p> <ul> <li>The indentation of the output can be controlled with the member variable <code>width</code> of the output stream <code>o</code>. For instance, using the manipulator <code>std::setw(4)</code> on <code>o</code> sets the indentation level to <code>4</code>, and the serialization result is the same as calling <code class=highlight><span class=n>v</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>dump</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>4</span><span class=p>)</span></code>. A <code>width</code> of <code>0</code> or less (the default) selects the most compact representation, as <code class=highlight><span class=n>v</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>dump</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>-1</span><span class=p>)</span></code> does.</li> <li>The indentation character can be controlled with the member variable <code>fill</code> of the output stream <code>o</code>. For instance, the manipulator <code>std::setfill('\t')</code> sets indentation to use a tab character rather than the default space character.</li> <li>As for <code>basic_json</code>, <code>o</code>'s <code>width</code> is reset to <code>0</code> after this call, whether or not it was greater than <code>0</code> before.</li> </ul> <p>Numbers are always written as <code class=highlight><span class=n>v</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>dump</span><span class=p>()</span></code> writes them by default, i.e. as with <a href=../number_format/ ><code>number_format::shortest</code></a>; there is no way to select <code class=highlight><span class=n>number_format</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>source</span></code> through the stream.</p> <h2 id=parameters>Parameters<a class=headerlink href=#parameters title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>o</code> (in, out)</dt> <dd>stream to write to</dd> <dt><code>v</code> (in)</dt> <dd>view to serialize</dd> </dl> <h2 id=return-value>Return value<a class=headerlink href=#return-value title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>the stream <code>o</code></p> <h2 id=exceptions>Exceptions<a class=headerlink href=#exceptions title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>May throw <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>bad_alloc</span></code>, propagated from <a href=../dump/#exceptions><code>dump</code></a>. Unlike <code class=highlight><span class=k>operator</span><span class=o><<</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ostream</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&</span><span class=p>)</span></code>, there is no <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 decoding step that could throw <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptiontype_error316><code>type_error.316</code></a>, and no <code>error_handler</code> to choose between -- see the <a href=../dump/#exceptions>Exceptions</a> of <code>dump</code>.</p> <h2 id=complexity>Complexity<a class=headerlink href=#complexity title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Linear, as <a href=../dump/#complexity><code>dump</code></a>.</p> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example</summary> <p>The example below writes one record out of a larger batch straight to a log stream -- compact for a one-line entry, and pretty-printed with <code>std::setw</code>/<code>std::setfill</code> for a readable dump -- without ever building a <code>BasicJsonType</code> value for the record, or for the rest of the batch.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iostream></span>
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<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><iomanip></span>
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<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json_view.hpp></span>
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