Introduce structure to the test/ directory

This introduces a clear separation between test data and test
binaries. Test data is moved into test/data, and the test binaries
move into test/src. A new CMake script specific to building the
tests is introduced in /test to slightly clean up the toplevel
one.

As well as tidying things up, this makes the next step trivial...

test/data/json_tests/fail3.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{unquoted_key: "keys must be quoted"}