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<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>map</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// {{"one", 1}, {"two", 2}}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p><code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span></code> and <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span></code> are also supported, converting positionally to and from a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> array:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mf>1.0</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"hello"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>double</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// {1.0, "hello", 42}</span>
</code></pre></div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Extracting references into a tuple</p> <p>A tuple type may also hold references (e.g. <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>double</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;&gt;</span></code>) to avoid copying: <code>get</code> then returns a tuple of references pointing directly at the elements stored inside the <code>basic_json</code> array, rather than a tuple of copies:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mf>1.0</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"hello"</span><span class=p>};</span>
</code></pre></div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Serializing a <code>std::pair</code>/<code>std::tuple</code> whose every element is a string-keyed pair</p> <p>When <em>every</em> element of a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span></code> or <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span></code> is itself a two-element array whose first element is a string (for example <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span></code>), serializing it produces a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> <strong>object</strong> instead of the expected array:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>;</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=s>"a"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"b"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>}};</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// {"a":1,"b":2}, not [["a",1],["b",2]]</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>This is a consequence of the <a href=../creating_values/ >brace-initializer object-detection rule</a>: the same rule that lets <code class=highlight><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=s>"a"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"b"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>}}</span></code> create an object also fires here. The resulting object cannot be read back into the original type (<code class=highlight><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span><span class=p>()</span></code> throws <a href=../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptiontype_error302><code>type_error.302</code></a>), and duplicate keys collapse into one, losing elements. This only affects <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span></code>/<code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span></code> themselves; a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;&gt;</span></code>, or a pair/tuple with at least one element that is not a string-keyed pair, serializes to an array as expected. To force an array, build one explicitly from the elements with <a href=../../api/basic_json/array/ ><code>array</code></a>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>pair</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>kv</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=s>"a"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"b"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>}};</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>a</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>array</span><span class=p>({</span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>first</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>p</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>second</span><span class=p>});</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// [["a",1],["b",2]]</span>
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Extracting references into a tuple</p> <p>A tuple type may also hold references (e.g. <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>double</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;&gt;</span></code>) to avoid copying: <code>get</code> then returns a tuple of references pointing directly at the elements stored inside the <code>basic_json</code> array, rather than a tuple of copies:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mf>1.0</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"hello"</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>refs</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>double</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>string</span><span class=o>&amp;&gt;&gt;</span><span class=p>();</span>
<span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>get</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>refs</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"world"</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// modifies j[1] in place</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>A referenced element must name the type the library actually <em>stores</em> — one of <a href=../../api/basic_json/boolean_t/ ><code>boolean_t</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_integer_t/ ><code>number_integer_t</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_unsigned_t/ ><code>number_unsigned_t</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_float_t/ ><code>number_float_t</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/string_t/ ><code>string_t</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/binary_t/ ><code>binary_t</code></a>, <a href=../../api/basic_json/array_t/ ><code>array_t</code></a>, or <a href=../../api/basic_json/object_t/ ><code>object_t</code></a>. There is nothing else to refer to, so a reference to any other type is a compile error even when a conversion would exist: <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&amp;&gt;</span></code> is rejected, because the library stores a <code class=highlight><span class=n>number_integer_t</span></code> (<code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>int64_t</span></code> by default) and not an <code class=highlight><span class=kt>int</span></code>. This restriction applies only to reference elements — a plain <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>tuple</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span></code> converts by value as usual.</p> </div> <h2 id=implicit-conversions>Implicit conversions<a class=headerlink href=#implicit-conversions title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>By default, a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value implicitly converts to a compatible C++ type, so the explicit <code>get</code> call can often be omitted:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s>"Hello"</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -109,4 +113,4 @@
</code></pre></div> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Constructing from a C++20 range view</p> <p>A <code>json</code> array can also be constructed directly from a C++20 range view (<code>std::ranges::view</code>), such as the result of <code>std::views::filter</code> or <code>std::views::transform</code> -- no intermediate container is needed:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nums</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>37</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>21</span><span class=p>};</span>
<span class=k>auto</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>filtered</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nums</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>|</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>views</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>filter</span><span class=p>([](</span><span class=kt>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>i</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>&gt;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>10</span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>});</span>
<span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>j</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>filtered</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// [37,42,21]</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>This requires <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_ranges/ ><code>JSON_HAS_RANGES</code></a> to be enabled and is unavailable on MinGW due to incomplete C++20 ranges support there.</p> </div> <h2 id=your-own-types>Your own types<a class=headerlink href=#your-own-types title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The conversions above are built in for standard types. To make the same syntax work for <strong>your own</strong> types, provide <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions (or use one of the convenience macros). This is described in detail on the <a href=../arbitrary_types/ >arbitrary types conversions</a> page. Enums can be mapped to strings as described in <a href=../enum_conversion/ >specializing enum conversion</a>.</p> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/get/ ><code>get</code></a> - get a copy converted to a given type</li> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/get_to/ ><code>get_to</code></a> - convert into an existing variable</li> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ ><code>get_ref</code></a> / <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ptr/ ><code>get_ptr</code></a> - access the stored value without copying</li> <li><a href=../arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary types conversions</a> - support your own types</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_use_implicit_conversions/ ><code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code></a> - toggle implicit conversions</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="August 25, 2026 06:18:50 UTC">August 25, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https:/Line truncated
</code></pre></div> <p>This requires <a href=../../api/macros/json_has_ranges/ ><code>JSON_HAS_RANGES</code></a> to be enabled and is unavailable on MinGW due to incomplete C++20 ranges support there.</p> </div> <h2 id=your-own-types>Your own types<a class=headerlink href=#your-own-types title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The conversions above are built in for standard types. To make the same syntax work for <strong>your own</strong> types, provide <code>to_json</code>/<code>from_json</code> functions (or use one of the convenience macros). This is described in detail on the <a href=../arbitrary_types/ >arbitrary types conversions</a> page. Enums can be mapped to strings as described in <a href=../enum_conversion/ >specializing enum conversion</a>.</p> <h2 id=see-also>See also<a class=headerlink href=#see-also title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/get/ ><code>get</code></a> - get a copy converted to a given type</li> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/get_to/ ><code>get_to</code></a> - convert into an existing variable</li> <li><a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ref/ ><code>get_ref</code></a> / <a href=../../api/basic_json/get_ptr/ ><code>get_ptr</code></a> - access the stored value without copying</li> <li><a href=../arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary types conversions</a> - support your own types</li> <li><a href=../../api/macros/json_use_implicit_conversions/ ><code>JSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS</code></a> - toggle implicit conversions</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="August 28, 2026 12:26:01 UTC">August 28, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https:/Line truncated
+16
View File
@@ -114,6 +114,22 @@ json j = {1.0, "hello", 42};
auto t = j.get<std::tuple<double, std::string, int>>(); // {1.0, "hello", 42}
```
Serializing a `std::pair`/`std::tuple` whose every element is a string-keyed pair
When *every* element of a `std::pair` or `std::tuple` is itself a two-element array whose first element is a string (for example `std::pair<std::string, int>`), serializing it produces a JSON **object** instead of the expected array:
```
using kv = std::pair<std::string, int>;
json j = std::pair<kv, kv>{{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}}; // {"a":1,"b":2}, not [["a",1],["b",2]]
```
This is a consequence of the [brace-initializer object-detection rule](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/creating_values/index.md): the same rule that lets `json{{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}}` create an object also fires here. The resulting object cannot be read back into the original type (`get<std::pair<kv, kv>>()` throws [`type_error.302`](https://json.nlohmann.me/home/exceptions/#jsonexceptiontype_error302)), and duplicate keys collapse into one, losing elements. This only affects `std::pair`/`std::tuple` themselves; a `std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>>`, or a pair/tuple with at least one element that is not a string-keyed pair, serializes to an array as expected. To force an array, build one explicitly from the elements with [`array`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/array/index.md):
```
std::pair<kv, kv> p{{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}};
json a = json::array({p.first, p.second}); // [["a",1],["b",2]]
```
Extracting references into a tuple
A tuple type may also hold references (e.g. `std::tuple<double&, std::string&>`) to avoid copying: `get` then returns a tuple of references pointing directly at the elements stored inside the `basic_json` array, rather than a tuple of copies: