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nlohmann
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A `basic_json` value is a container and allows access via iterators. Depending on the value type, `basic_json` stores zero or more values.
As for other containers, `begin()` returns an iterator to the first value and `end()` returns an iterator to the value following the last value. The latter iterator is a placeholder and cannot be dereferenced. In case of null values, empty arrays, or empty objects, `begin()` will return `end()`.
As for other containers, [`begin()`](../api/basic_json/begin.md) returns an iterator to the first value and
[`end()`](../api/basic_json/end.md) returns an iterator to the value following the last value. The latter iterator is a
placeholder and cannot be dereferenced. In case of null values, empty arrays, or empty objects, `begin()` will return
`end()`.
![Illustration from cppreference.com](../images/range-begin-end.svg)
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ As for other containers, `begin()` returns an iterator to the first value and `e
When iterating over objects, values are ordered with respect to the `object_comparator_t` type which defaults to `std::less`. See the [types documentation](types/index.md#key-order) for more information.
??? example
??? example "Example: iteration order of object values"
```cpp
// create JSON object {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ When iterating over objects, values are ordered with respect to the `object_comp
The JSON iterators have two member functions, `key()` and `value()` to access the object key and stored value, respectively. When calling `key()` on a non-object iterator, an [invalid_iterator.207](../home/exceptions.md#jsonexceptioninvalid_iterator207) exception is thrown.
??? example
??? example "Example: access object keys with `key()` and `value()`"
```cpp
// create JSON object {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
@@ -76,7 +79,9 @@ for (auto it : j_object)
}
```
For this reason, the `items()` function allows accessing `iterator::key()` and `iterator::value()` during range-based for loops. In these loops, a reference to the JSON values is returned, so there is no access to the underlying iterator.
For this reason, the [`items()`](../api/basic_json/items.md) function allows accessing `iterator::key()` and
`iterator::value()` during range-based for loops. In these loops, a reference to the JSON values is returned, so there
is no access to the underlying iterator.
```cpp
for (auto& el : j_object.items())
@@ -104,11 +109,12 @@ for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
### Reverse iteration order
`rbegin()` and `rend()` return iterators in the reverse sequence.
[`rbegin()`](../api/basic_json/rbegin.md) and [`rend()`](../api/basic_json/rend.md) return iterators in the reverse
sequence.
![Illustration from cppreference.com](../images/range-rbegin-rend.svg)
??? example
??? example "Example: reverse iteration with `rbegin()` and `rend()`"
```cpp
json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ for (auto& [key, val] : j_object.items())
Note that "value" means a JSON value in this setting, not values stored in the underlying containers. That is, `*begin()` returns the complete string or binary array and is also safe if the underlying string or binary array is empty.
??? example
??? example "Example: iterate over a string value"
```cpp
json j = "Hello, world";