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Add editable json_documents: set, push_back, insert, and erase
basic_json_document gets a second template parameter, Editable (false by default), plus the aliases json_editable_document, json_editable_view, ordered_json_editable_document and ordered_json_editable_view. Editable documents can change values and structure without rewriting the source text: set()/push_back() on values, keys, array indices and JSON pointers; insert() before an array element; erase() of an object key, array index or JSON pointer. New values and element sequences go into edit storage that the document owns and never moves, so views keep referring to their value across edits and a parsed node never moves. Read-only documents walk the plain node array and are unaffected. Strings are checked for UTF-8 on entry, so dump() of an editable document never throws type_error.316. Binary values cannot be stored (type_error.319). A seeded differential test applies random edits to an editable document and to the equivalent ordered_json and compares both after every step. Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
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@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
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// __ _____ _____ _____
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// __| | __| | | | JSON for Modern C++ (supporting code)
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// | | |__ | | | | | | version 3.12.0
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// |_____|_____|_____|_|___| https://github.com/nlohmann/json
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//
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// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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#include "doctest_compatibility.h"
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#include <nlohmann/json_view.hpp>
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using nlohmann::json;
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using nlohmann::ordered_json;
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using nlohmann::json_document;
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using nlohmann::json_editable_document;
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using nlohmann::json_editable_view;
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using nlohmann::ordered_json_document;
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using nlohmann::ordered_json_editable_document;
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using nlohmann::ordered_json_editable_view;
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using ptr_t = ordered_json::json_pointer;
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#include <array>
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#include <cmath>
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#include <cstring>
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <functional>
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#include <iterator>
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#include <limits>
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#include <random>
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#include <string>
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#include <vector>
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namespace
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{
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std::uint32_t rng()
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{
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static std::mt19937 generator(5295); // NOLINT(cert-msc32-c,cert-msc51-cpp,bugprone-random-generator-seed): reproducible
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// result_type is std::uint_fast32_t, which may be wider than 32 bits
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const std::mt19937::result_type value = generator();
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return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(value);
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}
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int r(int n)
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{
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return static_cast<int>(rng() % static_cast<unsigned>(n));
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}
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int counter = 0;
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std::uint64_t bits(double x)
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{
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std::uint64_t b = 0;
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std::memcpy(&b, &x, sizeof(b));
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return b;
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}
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std::string random_string()
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{
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static const std::array<const char*, 15> pieces = {{"a", "Z", " ", "~", "\n", "\"", "\\", "/", "\xc3\xa9", "\xe3\x81\x82", "\xf0\x9f\x98\x80", "\x7f", "\x1f", "0", "key"}};
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std::string s;
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for (int i = r(3) == 0 ? r(30) : r(6); i > 0; --i)
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{
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s += pieces[static_cast<std::size_t>(r(15))];
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}
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return s;
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}
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ordered_json random_scalar()
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{
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switch (r(9))
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{
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case 0:
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return nullptr;
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case 1:
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return r(2) == 0;
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case 2:
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return static_cast<std::int64_t>(rng()) - 2147483648LL;
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case 3:
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return (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(rng()) * 4294967296ULL) + rng();
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case 4:
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return static_cast<double>(static_cast<std::int32_t>(rng())) / (1 + r(1000));
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case 5:
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return r(2) == 0 ? 1e300 * (r(2) == 0 ? 1 : -1) : 5e-324;
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case 6:
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return -0.0;
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default:
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return random_string();
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}
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}
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ordered_json random_value(int depth)
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{
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const int k = depth > 3 ? 4 : r(7);
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if (k == 0)
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{
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ordered_json o = ordered_json::object();
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for (int i = r(5); i > 0; --i)
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{
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o[random_string() + "#" + std::to_string(counter++)] = random_value(depth + 1);
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}
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return o;
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}
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if (k == 1)
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{
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ordered_json a = ordered_json::array();
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for (int i = r(5); i > 0; --i)
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{
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a.push_back(random_value(depth + 1));
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}
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return a;
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}
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return random_scalar();
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}
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void collect(const ordered_json& j, const ptr_t& p, std::vector<ptr_t>& out)
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{
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out.push_back(p);
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if (j.is_object())
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{
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for (const auto& kv : j.items())
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{
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collect(kv.value(), p / kv.key(), out);
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}
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}
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else if (j.is_array())
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{
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < j.size(); ++i)
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{
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collect(j[i], p / i, out);
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}
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}
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}
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// the edited view and the ordered_json value read the same through the whole
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// read API
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void compare(const ordered_json_editable_view& v, const ordered_json& j)
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{
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REQUIRE(v.type() == j.type());
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REQUIRE(v.size() == j.size());
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if (j.is_object())
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{
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auto jt = j.begin();
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for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it, ++jt)
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{
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CHECK(std::string(it.key().data(), it.key().size()) == jt.key());
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CHECK(v[jt.key()].dump() == jt.value().dump());
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CHECK(v.contains(jt.key()));
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compare(*it, jt.value());
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}
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}
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else if (j.is_array())
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{
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < j.size(); ++i)
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{
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CHECK(v[i].dump() == j[i].dump());
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}
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std::size_t i = 0;
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for (const auto e : v)
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{
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compare(e, j[i++]);
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}
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if (!j.empty())
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{
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CHECK(v.back().dump() == j.back().dump());
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}
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}
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else if (j.is_string())
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{
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CHECK(v.get<std::string>() == j.get<std::string>());
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}
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else if (j.is_number_float())
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{
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CHECK(bits(v.get<double>()) == bits(j.get<double>()));
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}
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else if (j.is_number_integer())
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{
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CHECK(v.get<std::int64_t>() == j.get<std::int64_t>());
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CHECK(v.get<std::uint64_t>() == j.get<std::uint64_t>());
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}
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}
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void check_all(const ordered_json_editable_document& d, const ordered_json& j, bool deep)
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{
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const std::string text = d.root().dump();
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REQUIRE(text == j.dump());
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CHECK(d.root().materialize() == j);
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if (deep)
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{
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CHECK(d.root().dump(2) == j.dump(2));
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CHECK(d.root().dump(-1, ' ', true) == j.dump(-1, ' ', true));
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CHECK(d.root() == j);
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compare(d.root(), j);
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// a fresh document of the text reads the same
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const ordered_json_document fresh = ordered_json_document::parse(text);
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CHECK(fresh.root() == d.root());
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}
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}
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} // namespace
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TEST_CASE("json_view edits: differential")
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{
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// random edits are applied to an ordered_json_editable_document and to the
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// ordered_json parse() produces; after every edit both must serialize,
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// materialize, and read back the same
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for (int n = 0; n < 150; ++n)
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{
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ordered_json j = random_value(0);
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if (r(4) == 0)
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{
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j = ordered_json::object({{"a", random_value(1)}, {"b", random_value(1)}});
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}
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const std::string text = j.dump(r(2) == 0 ? -1 : 2);
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CAPTURE(text)
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ordered_json_editable_document d = ordered_json_editable_document::parse(text);
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j = ordered_json::parse(text);
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const ordered_json_document other = ordered_json_document::parse(random_value(0).dump());
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const int edits = 30;
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for (int e = 0; e < edits; ++e)
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{
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std::vector<ptr_t> paths;
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collect(j, ptr_t(), paths);
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const ptr_t p = paths[static_cast<std::size_t>(r(static_cast<int>(paths.size())))];
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const ordered_json& target = j[p];
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const ordered_json_editable_view tv = d.root().at(p);
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const int op = r(12);
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{
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if (op == 0) // assign a scalar
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{
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const ordered_json v = random_scalar();
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if (v.is_string() && r(2) == 0)
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{
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d.set(tv, v.get<std::string>());
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}
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else if (v.is_number_unsigned() && r(2) == 0)
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{
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d.set(tv, v.get<std::uint64_t>());
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}
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else
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{
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d.set(tv, v);
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}
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j[p] = v;
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}
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else if (op == 1) // assign a new array/object (or anything), sometimes via the pointer API
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{
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const ordered_json v = random_value(2);
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if (r(2) == 0)
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{
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d.set(p, v);
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}
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else
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{
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d.set(tv, v);
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}
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j[p] = v;
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}
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else if (op == 2) // copy a value of the same document
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{
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const ptr_t& q = paths[static_cast<std::size_t>(r(static_cast<int>(paths.size())))];
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const ordered_json v = j[q];
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d.set(tv, d.root().at(q));
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j[p] = v;
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}
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else if (op == 3) // copy a value of another document
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{
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d.set(tv, other.root());
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j[p] = other.root().materialize();
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}
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else if ((op == 4 || op == 5) && target.is_object()) // set a member (new or existing)
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{
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std::string key = random_string() + "#" + std::to_string(counter++);
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if (op == 5 && !target.empty())
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{
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key = std::next(target.begin(), r(static_cast<int>(target.size()))).key();
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}
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const ordered_json v = random_value(2);
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d.set(tv, key, v);
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j[p][key] = v;
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}
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else if (op == 6 && target.is_object() && !target.empty()) // erase a member
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{
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const std::string key = std::next(target.begin(), r(static_cast<int>(target.size()))).key();
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if (r(2) == 0)
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{
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d.erase(tv, key);
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}
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else
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{
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d.erase(p / key);
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}
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j[p].erase(key);
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}
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else if (op == 7 && (target.is_array() || target.is_null())) // push_back
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{
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const ordered_json v = random_value(2);
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d.push_back(tv, v);
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j[p].push_back(v);
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}
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else if (op == 8 && target.is_array()) // insert
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{
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const auto i = static_cast<std::size_t>(r(static_cast<int>(target.size()) + 1));
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const ordered_json v = random_value(2);
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d.insert(tv, i, v);
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j[p].insert(j[p].begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i), v);
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}
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else if (op == 9 && target.is_array() && !target.empty()) // erase an element
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{
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const auto i = static_cast<std::size_t>(r(static_cast<int>(target.size())));
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if (r(2) == 0)
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{
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d.erase(tv, i);
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}
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else
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{
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d.erase(p / i);
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}
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j[p].erase(i);
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}
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else if (op == 10 && target.is_array() && !target.empty()) // assign an element
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{
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const auto i = static_cast<std::size_t>(r(static_cast<int>(target.size())));
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const ordered_json v = random_value(2);
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d.set(tv, i, v);
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j[p][i] = v;
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}
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else if (op == 11) // a held view sees the assignment
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{
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const ordered_json v = random_value(2);
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const ordered_json_editable_view held = d.root().at(p);
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d.set(p, v);
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j[p] = v;
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CHECK(held.dump() == v.dump());
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}
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else
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{
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continue;
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}
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}
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CAPTURE(p.to_string())
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CAPTURE(op)
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check_all(d, j, e % 8 == 7 || e == edits - 1);
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}
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}
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}
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namespace
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{
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#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
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// the exception a call throws, or "" if it throws none
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std::string exception_of_call(const std::function<void()>& f)
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{
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try
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{
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f();
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}
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catch (const json::exception& e)
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{
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return e.what();
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}
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return "";
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}
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#endif
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} // namespace
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TEST_CASE("json_view edits: errors")
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{
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SECTION("an empty document")
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{
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json_editable_document d;
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(d.root(), 1), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] view does not belong to this document", json::invalid_iterator&);
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}
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json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse(R"({"o": {"a": 1}, "a": [1, 2], "n": 1, "z": null})");
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const json_editable_view root = d.root();
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const json_document other = json_document::parse("[1]");
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json_editable_document other_editable = json_editable_document::parse("[1]");
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(other_editable.root(), 1), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] view does not belong to this document", json::invalid_iterator&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(json_editable_view(), 1), "[json.exception.invalid_iterator.202] view does not belong to this document", json::invalid_iterator&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], "k", 1), "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a string argument with array", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["o"], 0, 1), "[json.exception.type_error.305] cannot use operator[] with a numeric argument with object", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], 2, 1), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 2 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root["a"], -1, 1), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index -1 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.push_back(root["o"], 1), "[json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with object", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.insert(root["n"], 0, 1), "[json.exception.type_error.309] cannot use insert() with number", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.insert(root["a"], 3, 1), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 3 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["n"], "k"), "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with number", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["o"], 0), "[json.exception.type_error.307] cannot use erase() with object", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(root["a"], 2), "[json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 2 is out of range", json::out_of_range&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(json::json_pointer("")), "[json.exception.out_of_range.405] JSON pointer has no parent", json::out_of_range&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.erase(json::json_pointer("/missing/x")), "[json.exception.out_of_range.403] key 'missing' not found", json::out_of_range&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(json::json_pointer("/a/01"), 1), "[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'", json::parse_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root, json_editable_view()), "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be a value, but is discarded", json::type_error&);
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CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(d.set(root, json::binary({1, 2})), "[json.exception.type_error.319] cannot store a binary value in a json_document", json::type_error&);
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#if !defined(JSON_NOEXCEPTION)
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// invalid UTF-8 is rejected when it enters the document, with the error
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// basic_json::dump() reports for the same string
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for (const std::string bad :
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{"\xC3\x28", "a\xE2\x28\xA1", "\xF0\x28\x8C\xBC", "\xE2\x82", "x\xF0\x9F\x98", "\xFF", "\xED\xA0\x80", "\xC0\xAF"
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})
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{
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CAPTURE(bad)
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const std::string expected = exception_of_call([&]
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{
|
||||
const std::string text = json(bad).dump();
|
||||
static_cast<void>(text);
|
||||
});
|
||||
CHECK(!expected.empty());
|
||||
CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.set(root["z"], bad); }) == expected);
|
||||
CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.set(root["o"], bad, 1); }) == expected);
|
||||
CHECK(exception_of_call([&] { d.set(root["z"], json{{"k", bad}}); }) == expected);
|
||||
}
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
// nothing of the failed edits is visible
|
||||
CHECK(root.dump() == R"({"o":{"a":1},"a":[1,2],"n":1,"z":null})");
|
||||
static_cast<void>(other);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
TEST_CASE("json_view edits: views and values")
|
||||
{
|
||||
SECTION("a value that is no longer part of the document")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse("[[[1,2]]]");
|
||||
const json_editable_view inner = d.root()[0][0];
|
||||
d.set(d.root()[0], json::array({7}));
|
||||
d.set(inner, 5);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == "[[7]]");
|
||||
CHECK(inner.get<int>() == 5);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("views keep referring to their value")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse(R"({"a": [10, 20, 30], "b": {"c": "text"}})");
|
||||
const json_editable_view a = d.root()["a"];
|
||||
const json_editable_view twenty = a[1];
|
||||
const json_editable_view c = d.root()["b"]["c"];
|
||||
d.insert(a, 0, 5);
|
||||
d.push_back(a, 40);
|
||||
CHECK(twenty.get<int>() == 20);
|
||||
CHECK(a[2].get<int>() == 20);
|
||||
d.erase(a, 2);
|
||||
CHECK(twenty.get<int>() == 20); // an erased value keeps its last value
|
||||
d.set(c, 7);
|
||||
CHECK(c.get<int>() == 7); // a held view sees an assignment
|
||||
d.set(d.root()["b"], json::array({1, 2}));
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["b"].dump() == "[1,2]");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"({"a":[5,10,30,40],"b":[1,2]})");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["a"][0].source_offset() == static_cast<std::size_t>(-1)); // a new value
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["a"][1].source_offset() != static_cast<std::size_t>(-1));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("strings stay valid while more edits come")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse("[]");
|
||||
const auto first = d.push_back(d.root(), std::string(100, 'x')).get_string();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), std::string(static_cast<std::size_t>(i % 50), 'y'));
|
||||
}
|
||||
CHECK(std::string(first.data(), first.size()) == std::string(100, 'x'));
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().size() == 1001);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("numbers")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse(R"([1.50, 1E2, 3])");
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), 2, 0.1);
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), (std::numeric_limits<std::uint64_t>::max)());
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), (std::numeric_limits<std::int64_t>::min)());
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == "[1.5,100.0,0.1,null,null,18446744073709551615,-9223372036854775808]");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump(-1, ' ', false, json_editable_view::number_format::source) == "[1.50,1E2,0.1,null,null,18446744073709551615,-9223372036854775808]");
|
||||
CHECK(std::isnan(d.root()[3].get<double>()));
|
||||
CHECK(std::isinf(d.root()[4].get<double>()));
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()[2].number_token() == "0.1");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()[5].get<std::uint64_t>() == 18446744073709551615u);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()[6].number_token() == "-9223372036854775808");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().materialize().dump() == json::parse(R"([1.5, 100.0, 0.1, null, null, 18446744073709551615, -9223372036854775808])").dump());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("nulls become containers, and the root can be replaced")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse("[null, null]");
|
||||
d.set(d.root()[0], "k", 1);
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root()[1], true);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"([{"k":1},[true]])");
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "scalar");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"("scalar")");
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), json{{"x", {1, 2}}});
|
||||
d.set(json::json_pointer("/x/-"), 3);
|
||||
d.set(json::json_pointer("/x/3"), 4); // the size of the array appends too
|
||||
d.set(json::json_pointer("/y"), false);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"({"x":[1,2,3,4],"y":false})");
|
||||
CHECK(d.erase(json::json_pointer("/x/0")) == 1);
|
||||
CHECK(d.erase(json::json_pointer("/y")) == 1);
|
||||
CHECK(d.erase(json::json_pointer("/nothing")) == 0);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"({"x":[2,3,4]})");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("duplicate keys")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse(R"({"a": 1, "b": 2, "a": 3})");
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "a", 4); // the first member is assigned, the others dropped
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"({"a":4,"b":2})");
|
||||
d = json_editable_document::parse(R"({"a": 1, "b": 2, "a": 3})");
|
||||
CHECK(d.erase(d.root(), "a") == 2);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"({"b":2})");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("values from other documents")
|
||||
{
|
||||
const json_document source = json_document::parse(R"({"list": [1, "two", {"three": 3.5}], "text": "a\nb"})");
|
||||
json_editable_document edited = json_editable_document::parse("[0]");
|
||||
edited.set(edited.root(), 0, json{{"inner", {1, 2}}});
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse("{}");
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "copy", source.root()["list"]);
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "text", source.root()["text"]);
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "edited", edited.root()[0]);
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "self", d.root()["copy"]);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == R"({"copy":[1,"two",{"three":3.5}],"text":"a\nb","edited":{"inner":[1,2]},"self":[1,"two",{"three":3.5}]})");
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["copy"] == source.root()["list"]);
|
||||
CHECK(source.root()["list"] == d.root()["self"]);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root() != source.root());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("large objects")
|
||||
{
|
||||
std::string text = "{";
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 200; ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
text += (i != 0 ? ",\"k" : "\"k") + std::to_string(i) + "\":" + std::to_string(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
text += '}';
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse(text);
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "k7", "seven"); // assigned in place: the index stays in use
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["k7"].get_string() == "seven");
|
||||
d.set(d.root(), "new", 1); // appended: the members move, the lookup is linear
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["new"].get<int>() == 1);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root()["k199"].get<int>() == 199);
|
||||
d.erase(d.root(), "k0");
|
||||
CHECK(!d.root().contains("k0"));
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().size() == 200);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SECTION("reuse and memory")
|
||||
{
|
||||
json_editable_document d = json_editable_document::parse("[1, 2, 3]");
|
||||
const std::size_t before = d.memory_usage();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
|
||||
{
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), "some text");
|
||||
}
|
||||
CHECK(d.memory_usage() > before);
|
||||
const json_editable_view first = d.root()[0];
|
||||
d.shrink_to_fit(); // (with edits, the index stays in place)
|
||||
CHECK(first.get<int>() == 1);
|
||||
d.read(std::string("[true]"));
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == "[true]");
|
||||
d.push_back(d.root(), false);
|
||||
CHECK(d.root().dump() == "[true,false]");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in new issue
Block a user