Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI (#5638)

* Review and extend the documentation, and check it in CI

A review of all documentation pages found factual errors, dead links,
missing cross-references, and gaps in examples. This fixes them and adds
checks so the same problems are caught automatically.

Fixes:
- wrong signatures and version histories (operator!= C++20 member,
  binary() subtype type, get<PointerType>(), JSON_NO_THREAD_LOCAL, ...)
- stale descriptions (number parsing since #5283, UBJSON table, SAX
  example that no longer compiled, tsl::ordered_map advice)
- dead internal and external links; repology.org badges (the domain is
  suspended) replaced by badges that query the registries directly
- deprecation notes link the migration guide; the guide itself fixed

Additions:
- "See also" sections, cross-references, 25 runnable examples, 12
  Mermaid diagrams, new API pages for json_pointer::operator<=> and
  byte_container_with_subtype::operator==/!=
- landing page, guides for untrusted input and performance
- "unreleased" badge after versions newer than the latest release

Checks:
- strict documentation build (broken links/anchors fail it); CI and
  the publish workflow fetch the full history the build needs
- weekly external link check, Mermaid syntax check in CI
- check_structure.py: example titles, heading levels, alt texts,
  header links, docset index coverage; its unused-example check works
  again
- all examples produce the same output on every platform

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Keep the customer links that could not be fixed

A dead link on the customers page is still the evidence of where the
use of the library was documented. Keep the original URLs of the entries
without a working replacement (Marne, Cisco Webex Desk Camera, Philips
Hue, CyberArk) and exclude exactly these URLs from the link check.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct the duplicate-key recipe's claim about SAX positions

The SAX interface's key() receives no position either; only parse_error()
does. Also note that the recipe does not report the path to the repeated
key (see discussion #5085).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Say the library is available as a single header and mention json_fwd.hpp

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Correct documentation errors found while hunting for bugs

- patch/patch_inplace: list the JSON pointer errors parse_error.106-109
  and out_of_range.402/404, and quote the actual parse_error.105 message.
- unflatten: list parse_error.106/107/108 and out_of_range.404.
- to_bson: list out_of_range.415 (binary subtype above 255) and note
  that 412 and 415 are new in 3.13.0.
- to_string: state that string_t must be convertible to std::string, also
  in the StringType requirements table.
- JSON Lines: a `while (input >> j)` loop also throws after the last value
  for concatenated JSON values; show a loop that works for both.
- BON8: a string gets 0xFF only if nothing follows it in the message; a
  string at the end of an array or object is ended by 0xFE.
- custom_string_type.hpp: add operator+=(char), which the "Always
  required" list asks for (json_pointer::to_string, flatten, unflatten,
  and diff did not compile), and an ADL int_to_string for diff and items.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Cache the release headers with functools.lru_cache

Codacy (Pylint) flagged the mutable default argument that header() used
as its cache. functools.lru_cache keeps the same memoization without it.
The script's output is unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>
This commit is contained in:
Niels Lohmann authored and GitHub committed 2026-10-02 11:32:15 +02:00
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@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BJData types ac
!!! info "NaN/infinity handling"
If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the
`dump()` function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `#!json null`.
[`dump()`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `#!json null`.
!!! info "Endianness"
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BJData types ac
[BJDataBinArr]: https://github.com/NeuroJSON/bjdata/blob/master/Binary_JData_Specification.md#optimized-binary-array
??? example
??? example "Example: serialize JSON values to BJData, with and without size/type optimization"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_bjdata.cpp"
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ The library maps BJData types to JSON value types as follows:
binary values above), and serializing such an array again may choose different, but equally valid, type markers.
The bytes can then differ, but parsing them again yields the same value.
??? example
??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from BJData"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_bjdata.cpp"
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BON8 types acco
An integer that takes 2 to 4 bytes starts with a UTF-8 lead byte (0xC2..0xF7) that is followed by a byte that cannot
continue a UTF-8 character: 0x00..0x7F for positive and 0xC0..0xFF for negative integers. A string is terminated by
0xFF only if it is empty, if another string follows it, or if it is the last value of the message; otherwise, the first
byte of the next value ends it.
0xFF only if it is empty, if another string follows it, or if nothing follows it in the message; otherwise, the byte
after it ends it: the first byte of the next value, or the 0xFE that ends an array or object. For example, `["e"]` is
serialized as 0x81 0x65 0xFF, but `[1,2,3,4,"e"]` as 0x85 0x91 0x92 0x93 0x94 0x65 0xFE.
!!! success "Complete mapping"
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ byte of the next value ends it.
- Object keys are written in the order of the object type, which is sorted for `json`, but not for
[`ordered_json`](../../api/ordered_json.md).
??? example
??? example "Example: serialize a JSON value to BON8"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_bon8.cpp"
@@ -140,13 +141,13 @@ Non-negative integers are read as number_unsigned, negative integers as number_i
arrays and objects with up to four elements that are terminated by 0xFE, unsorted object keys, or a 0xFF after a
string that would also end without it, are accepted. A second 0xFF is not a terminator but an empty string.
Strings must be valid UTF-8, and the last string of a message must be terminated by 0xFF.
Strings must be valid UTF-8, and a string at the very end of a message must be terminated by 0xFF.
!!! info
Any BON8 output created by `to_bon8` can be successfully parsed by `from_bon8`.
??? example
??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from BON8"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_bon8.cpp"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to BSON types:
As a result, serializing and deserializing a JSON object containing such a value produces a different JSON object,
even though the binary data is unchanged.
??? example
??? example "Example: serialize a JSON value to BSON"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_bson.cpp"
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ The library maps BSON record types to JSON value types as follows:
(key) names and `binary` values (type `0x05`) are unaffected and are never validated, since they are read
byte-by-byte as a C string, or are not required to hold text, respectively.
??? example
??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from BSON"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_bson.cpp"
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ see "binary" cells in the table above.
Binary subtypes will be serialized as tagged items. See [binary values](../binary_values.md#cbor) for an example.
??? example
??? example "Example: serialize a JSON value to CBOR"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_cbor.cpp"
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ The library maps CBOR types to JSON value types as follows:
Tagged items (0xC0..0xDB) will throw a parse error by default. They can be ignored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` to function `from_cbor`, in which case the tag is skipped and the enclosed data item is parsed on its own. Passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::store` to function `from_cbor` stores tagged byte strings (for bytes 0xd8..0xdb) as binary values with the tag as subtype; other tagged values are read as if the tag were ignored. If several tags precede a byte string, only the innermost one is stored. Note that no tag is ever interpreted: for instance, a text string tagged with tag 0 (date/time) stays a string.
??? example
??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from CBOR"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_cbor.cpp"
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ specification:
total), because the check used to select the smaller float 32 encoding compared magnitudes with NaN, which is
always `false` and caused the float 32 path to be skipped.
??? example
??? example "Example: serialize a JSON value to MessagePack"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_msgpack.cpp"
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The library maps MessagePack types to JSON value types as follows:
value is dumped. `bin`/`ext`/`fixext` values are unaffected and are never validated, since they are not required
to hold text.
??? example
??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from MessagePack"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_msgpack.cpp"
@@ -11,29 +11,29 @@ achieve the generality of JSON, combined with being much easier to process than
The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to UBJSON types according to the UBJSON specification:
| JSON value type | value/range | UBJSON type | marker |
|-----------------|-----------------------------------|----------------|--------|
| null | `null` | null | `Z` |
| boolean | `true` | true | `T` |
| boolean | `false` | false | `F` |
| number_integer | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64 | `L` |
| number_integer | -2147483648..-32769 | int32 | `l` |
| number_integer | -32768..-129 | int16 | `I` |
| number_integer | -128..127 | int8 | `i` |
| number_integer | 128..255 | uint8 | `U` |
| number_integer | 256..32767 | int16 | `I` |
| number_integer | 32768..2147483647 | int32 | `l` |
| number_integer | 2147483648..9223372036854775807 | int64 | `L` |
| number_unsigned | 0..127 | int8 | `i` |
| number_unsigned | 128..255 | uint8 | `U` |
| number_unsigned | 256..32767 | int16 | `I` |
| number_unsigned | 32768..2147483647 | int32 | `l` |
| number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807 | int64 | `L` |
| number_unsigned | 2147483649..18446744073709551615 | high-precision | `H` |
| number_float | *any value* | float64 | `D` |
| string | *with shortest length indicator* | string | `S` |
| array | *see notes on optimized format* | array | `[` |
| object | *see notes on optimized format* | map | `{` |
| JSON value type | value/range | UBJSON type | marker |
|-----------------|-------------------------------------------|----------------|--------|
| null | `null` | null | `Z` |
| boolean | `true` | true | `T` |
| boolean | `false` | false | `F` |
| number_integer | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | int64 | `L` |
| number_integer | -2147483648..-32769 | int32 | `l` |
| number_integer | -32768..-129 | int16 | `I` |
| number_integer | -128..127 | int8 | `i` |
| number_integer | 128..255 | uint8 | `U` |
| number_integer | 256..32767 | int16 | `I` |
| number_integer | 32768..2147483647 | int32 | `l` |
| number_integer | 2147483648..9223372036854775807 | int64 | `L` |
| number_unsigned | 0..127 | int8 | `i` |
| number_unsigned | 128..255 | uint8 | `U` |
| number_unsigned | 256..32767 | int16 | `I` |
| number_unsigned | 32768..2147483647 | int32 | `l` |
| number_unsigned | 2147483648..9223372036854775807 | int64 | `L` |
| number_unsigned | 9223372036854775808..18446744073709551615 | high-precision | `H` |
| number_float | *any value* | float64 | `D` |
| string | *with shortest length indicator* | string | `S` |
| array | *see notes on optimized format* | array | `[` |
| object | *see notes on optimized format* | map | `{` |
!!! success "Complete mapping"
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to UBJSON types ac
!!! info "NaN/infinity handling"
If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the
`dump()` function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
[`dump()`](../../api/basic_json/dump.md) function which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
!!! info "Optimized formats"
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to UBJSON types ac
documentation. In particular, this means that serialization and the deserialization of a JSON containing binary
values into UBJSON and back will result in a different JSON object.
??? example
??? example "Example: serialize JSON values to UBJSON, with and without size/type optimization"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/to_ubjson.cpp"
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ The library maps UBJSON types to JSON value types as follows:
The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any UBJSON value can be converted to a JSON value.
??? example
??? example "Example: deserialize a JSON value from UBJSON"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/from_ubjson.cpp"