Fix CI on develop (#5750)

* Fix CI configuration broken by recent merges and tool updates

- gcc_flags.cmake: drop -Wexperimental-fmv-target, which GCC 16 accepts
  only on aarch64; amd64 rejects it, so every GCC job failed while
  checking the compiler.
- ci_get_cmake: add VERBATIM so the checksum pipeline is passed to the
  shell intact (the unescaped `$'` broke the generated Makefile and
  build.ninja, failing ci_cmake_flags and ci_module_cpp20); match the
  SHA-256 entry case-insensitively, as CMake 3.5.0 lists the archive as
  "Linux-x86_64"; and unpack with --strip-components, as that archive's
  top-level directory is spelled "Linux" too.
- ci_single_binaries: compile json.hpp's TU without IWYU's --error, as
  the comment above the gate already intends.
- tests: restore -Wno-deprecated-declarations for all non-MSVC compilers
  (#5737 kept it for GCC only), as several tests call deprecated
  functions on purpose; include thirdparty/fifo_map as SYSTEM.
- .clang-tidy: set misc-use-internal-linkage.AnalyzeTypes to false;
  clang-tidy 22.1 extended the check to classes and enums and flagged
  100 test helper types.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix library warnings and a JSON_DIAGNOSTICS parent bug

- binary_reader: pass integers to sax->number_integer() through
  conditional_static_cast<number_integer_t>, making the existing
  narrowing for a narrow number_integer_t explicit (MSVC C4244 and GCC
  -Wconversion/-Warith-conversion with the int16_t test from #5694);
  mark two Infer DEAD_STORE false positives with @infer-ignore.
- to_json: set the parents of an array built from a C++20 range view
  after all elements are in place; a reallocating push_back moved the
  earlier elements and left their parent pointers stale, failing the
  JSON_DIAGNOSTICS invariant assertion.
- json.hpp: suppress MSVC C4127 for the new is_ordered_map check in
  diff(), like the three existing ones; spell out std::formatter::parse's
  return and iterator types for clang-tidy 22.1.
- number_parse: make the Eisel-Lemire digit counter unsigned
  (GCC -Wstrict-overflow).
- string_utils: take encode_utf8's callable by const reference
  (cppcoreguidelines-missing-std-forward) and drop a \u from its doc
  comment (-Wdocumentation-unknown-command).
- ordered_map: include <memory> for std::allocator (cpplint).

Ran make amalgamate.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

* Fix tests failing in CI on develop

- unit-allocator: skip the #5640 test under MSVC STL iterator debugging,
  where containers allocate a debug proxy in noexcept move constructors
  and a failing allocation terminates; move a decrement out of an if
  condition (bugprone-inc-dec-in-conditions).
- unit-conversions: expect the "(/0)" path with JSON_DIAGNOSTICS;
  compare strict enums via get<>() rather than through the noexcept
  operator==(ScalarType, json), which bugprone-exception-escape flags.
- unit-alt-string: suppress -Wexit-time-destructors for the strict enum
  macro and misc-use-internal-linkage for its enum.
- unit-bjdata: call the static lookup functions through the type and
  pass unsigned char (-Wsign-conversion on amd64).
- Mark Infer false positives with @infer-ignore in unit-diagnostics,
  unit-pointer_access, unit-udt, and unit-conversions.
- Smaller clang-tidy 22.1 findings in unit-class_parser,
  unit-constructor2, unit-custom-base-class, unit-locale-cpp, and
  unit-noexcept.

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

---------

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

tests/src/unit-conversions.cpp

@@ -1571,9 +1571,15 @@ TEST_CASE("value conversion")
 
                 json const j7 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
                 json const j8 = 2;
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS((j7.get<std::map<int, int>>()),
+                                     "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/0) type must be array, "
+                                     "but is number", json::type_error&);
+#else
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS((j7.get<std::map<int, int>>()),
                                      "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
                                      "but is number", json::type_error&);
+#endif
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS((j8.get<std::map<int, int>>()),
                                      "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
                                      "but is number", json::type_error&);
@@ -1596,9 +1602,15 @@ TEST_CASE("value conversion")
 
                 json const j7 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
                 json const j8 = 2;
+#if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
+                CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS((j7.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()),
+                                     "[json.exception.type_error.302] (/0) type must be array, "
+                                     "but is number", json::type_error&);
+#else
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS((j7.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()),
                                      "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
                                      "but is number", json::type_error&);
+#endif
                 CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS((j8.get<std::unordered_map<int, int>>()),
                                      "[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be array, "
                                      "but is number", json::type_error&);
@@ -1747,10 +1759,10 @@ TEST_CASE("Strict JSON to enum mapping")
         CHECK(json(strict_cards::karo) == "karo");
 
         // json -> enum
-        CHECK(strict_cards::kreuz == json("kreuz"));
-        CHECK(strict_cards::pik == json("pik"));
-        CHECK(strict_cards::herz == json("herz"));
-        CHECK(strict_cards::karo == json("karo"));
+        CHECK(json("kreuz").get<strict_cards>() == strict_cards::kreuz);
+        CHECK(json("pik").get<strict_cards>() == strict_cards::pik);
+        CHECK(json("herz").get<strict_cards>() == strict_cards::herz);
+        CHECK(json("karo").get<strict_cards>() == strict_cards::karo);
 
         // invalid json -> exception thrown
         json _;
@@ -1775,10 +1787,10 @@ TEST_CASE("Strict JSON to enum mapping")
         CHECK(json(STRICT_TS_INVALID) == json());
 
         // json -> enum
-        CHECK(STRICT_TS_STOPPED == json("stopped"));
-        CHECK(STRICT_TS_RUNNING == json("running"));
-        CHECK(STRICT_TS_COMPLETED == json("completed"));
-        CHECK(STRICT_TS_INVALID == json());
+        CHECK(json("stopped").get<StrictTaskState>() == STRICT_TS_STOPPED);
+        CHECK(json("running").get<StrictTaskState>() == STRICT_TS_RUNNING);
+        CHECK(json("completed").get<StrictTaskState>() == STRICT_TS_COMPLETED);
+        CHECK(json().get<StrictTaskState>() == STRICT_TS_INVALID);
 
         // invalid json -> exception thrown
         json _;
@@ -1910,6 +1922,8 @@ TEST_CASE("std::optional")
 
         CHECK(json(opt_string) == j_string);
         CHECK(std::optional<std::string>(j_string) == opt_string);
+        // false positive: Infer attributes the destruction of the temporaries above to opt_string
+        // @infer-ignore USE_AFTER_DELETE
     }
 
     SECTION("bool")
@@ -1960,8 +1974,8 @@ TEST_CASE("std::optional")
         CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(json(opt), "cannot serialize throwing_to_json_type", std::runtime_error&);
 
         // the conversion is noexcept exactly when converting the contained value is
-        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_constructible<json, const std::optional<throwing_to_json_type>&>::value, "");
-        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_constructible<json, const std::optional<int>&>::value, "");
+        static_assert(!std::is_nothrow_constructible<json, const std::optional<throwing_to_json_type>&>::value);
+        static_assert(std::is_nothrow_constructible<json, const std::optional<int>&>::value);
     }
 #endif
 }