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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_strict_binary_utf8/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/ rel=prev><link href=../json_strict_nul_handling/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8 - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8 </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo 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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/json_strict_binary_utf8/" rel="canonical"><link href=../json_skip_unsupported_compiler_check/ rel=prev><link href=../json_strict_nul_handling/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8 - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#json_strict_binary_utf8 class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8 </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo 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</code></pre></div> <p>When defined to <code>1</code>, the <code>error_handler</code> parameter of the binary writers <a href=../../basic_json/to_cbor/ ><code>to_cbor</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/to_ubjson/ ><code>to_ubjson</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/to_bjdata/ ><code>to_bjdata</code></a>, and <a href=../../basic_json/to_bson/ ><code>to_bson</code></a> defaults to <a href=../../basic_json/error_handler_t/ ><code>error_handler_t::strict</code></a> instead of <code>error_handler_t::keep</code>. These writers then check every string value and object key for valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 and throw <a href=../../../home/exceptions/#jsonexceptiontype_error316><code>type_error.316</code></a> for ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8, like <a href=../../basic_json/dump/ ><code>dump</code></a> does. Without it, they write the bytes unchanged. An <code>error_handler</code> passed explicitly always takes precedence.</p> <p>The macro does not affect:</p> <ul> <li><a href=../../basic_json/to_msgpack/ ><code>to_msgpack</code></a>: the MessagePack specification allows a <code>str</code> value to contain bytes that are not valid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8, so its <code>error_handler</code> always defaults to <code>keep</code>.</li> <li><a href=../../basic_json/to_bon8/ ><code>to_bon8</code></a>: <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr> always checks, because the <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 lead bytes mark where a string ends.</li> <li>The binary readers (<a href=../../basic_json/from_cbor/ ><code>from_cbor</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_msgpack/ ><code>from_msgpack</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_bjdata/ ><code>from_bjdata</code></a>, <a href=../../basic_json/from_bson/ ><code>from_bson</code></a>): none of these formats requires a decoder to reject ill-formed <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8, so they always return the bytes unchanged.</li> </ul> <h2 id=default-definition>Default definition<a class=headerlink href=#default-definition title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The default value is <code>0</code> (disabled, the behavior of version 3.12.0 and earlier is preserved).</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#define JSON_STRICT_BINARY_UTF8 0</span>
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</code></pre></div> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Background</p> <p><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, and <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr> all require strings to be <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8. Up to version 3.12.0, the writers did not check this, so they could produce output that other decoders reject. Checking by default would break code that stores other encodings (for instance <abbr title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr> 8859-1) in a string and only ever writes it to a binary format. You can pass <code>error_handler_t::strict</code> to each call, or use this macro to check by default ahead of version 4.0.0, where <code>strict</code> is planned to become the default (see <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5529">#5529</a> and <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/issues/5651">#5651</a>).</p> </div> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class=admonition-title>Opt-in only</p> <p>This macro must be defined <strong>before</strong> including <code><nlohmann/json.hpp></code>. Defining it after the include has no effect.</p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>ABI compatibility</p> <p>The value of this macro is encoded in the <a href=../../../features/namespace/ >namespace</a> (tag <code>_sbu8</code>), resulting in distinct symbol names. Translation units compiled with and without it can therefore be linked into the same program without One Definition Rule (ODR) violations, but they cannot exchange instances of library types.</p> </div> <h2 id=examples>Examples<a class=headerlink href=#examples title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <details class=example> <summary>Example: default behavior (macro not defined)</summary> <p>Without the macro, the bytes are written unchanged:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf><nlohmann/json.hpp></span>
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