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|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"compact"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span>
|
||||
<span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"schema"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>0</span>
|
||||
<span class=p>}</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="July 4, 2026 09:13:25 UTC">July 4, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
</code></pre></div> </details> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="July 8, 2026 18:18:24 UTC">July 8, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright © 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - 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|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
|
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# CBOR
|
||||
|
||||
The Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) is a data format whose design goals include the possibility of extremely small code sizes, fairly small message size, and extensibility without the need for version negotiation.
|
||||
|
||||
References
|
||||
|
||||
- [CBOR Website](http://cbor.io) - the main source on CBOR
|
||||
- [CBOR Playground](http://cbor.me) - an interactive webpage to translate between JSON and CBOR
|
||||
- [RFC 7049](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7049) - the CBOR specification
|
||||
|
||||
## Serialization
|
||||
|
||||
The library uses the following mapping from JSON values types to CBOR types according to the CBOR specification ([RFC 7049](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7049.html)):
|
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|
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| JSON value type | value/range | CBOR type | first byte |
|
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| --------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------- | ---------- |
|
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| null | `null` | Null | 0xF6 |
|
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| boolean | `true` | True | 0xF5 |
|
||||
| boolean | `false` | False | 0xF4 |
|
||||
| number_integer | -9223372036854775808..-2147483649 | Negative integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x3B |
|
||||
| number_integer | -2147483648..-32769 | Negative integer (4 bytes follow) | 0x3A |
|
||||
| number_integer | -32768..-129 | Negative integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x39 |
|
||||
| number_integer | -128..-25 | Negative integer (1 byte follow) | 0x38 |
|
||||
| number_integer | -24..-1 | Negative integer | 0x20..0x37 |
|
||||
| number_integer | 0..23 | Integer | 0x00..0x17 |
|
||||
| number_integer | 24..255 | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow) | 0x18 |
|
||||
| number_integer | 256..65535 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x19 |
|
||||
| number_integer | 65536..4294967295 | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow) | 0x1A |
|
||||
| number_integer | 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x1B |
|
||||
| number_unsigned | 0..23 | Integer | 0x00..0x17 |
|
||||
| number_unsigned | 24..255 | Unsigned integer (1 byte follow) | 0x18 |
|
||||
| number_unsigned | 256..65535 | Unsigned integer (2 bytes follow) | 0x19 |
|
||||
| number_unsigned | 65536..4294967295 | Unsigned integer (4 bytes follow) | 0x1A |
|
||||
| number_unsigned | 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | Unsigned integer (8 bytes follow) | 0x1B |
|
||||
| number_float | *any value representable by a float* | Single-Precision Float | 0xFA |
|
||||
| number_float | *any value NOT representable by a float* | Double-Precision Float | 0xFB |
|
||||
| string | *length*: 0..23 | UTF-8 string | 0x60..0x77 |
|
||||
| string | *length*: 24..255 | UTF-8 string (1 byte follow) | 0x78 |
|
||||
| string | *length*: 256..65535 | UTF-8 string (2 bytes follow) | 0x79 |
|
||||
| string | *length*: 65536..4294967295 | UTF-8 string (4 bytes follow) | 0x7A |
|
||||
| string | *length*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | UTF-8 string (8 bytes follow) | 0x7B |
|
||||
| array | *size*: 0..23 | array | 0x80..0x97 |
|
||||
| array | *size*: 24..255 | array (1 byte follow) | 0x98 |
|
||||
| array | *size*: 256..65535 | array (2 bytes follow) | 0x99 |
|
||||
| array | *size*: 65536..4294967295 | array (4 bytes follow) | 0x9A |
|
||||
| array | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | array (8 bytes follow) | 0x9B |
|
||||
| object | *size*: 0..23 | map | 0xA0..0xB7 |
|
||||
| object | *size*: 24..255 | map (1 byte follow) | 0xB8 |
|
||||
| object | *size*: 256..65535 | map (2 bytes follow) | 0xB9 |
|
||||
| object | *size*: 65536..4294967295 | map (4 bytes follow) | 0xBA |
|
||||
| object | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | map (8 bytes follow) | 0xBB |
|
||||
| binary | *size*: 0..23 | byte string | 0x40..0x57 |
|
||||
| binary | *size*: 24..255 | byte string (1 byte follow) | 0x58 |
|
||||
| binary | *size*: 256..65535 | byte string (2 bytes follow) | 0x59 |
|
||||
| binary | *size*: 65536..4294967295 | byte string (4 bytes follow) | 0x5A |
|
||||
| binary | *size*: 4294967296..18446744073709551615 | byte string (8 bytes follow) | 0x5B |
|
||||
|
||||
Binary values with subtype are mapped to tagged values (0xD8..0xDB) depending on the subtype, followed by a byte string, see "binary" cells in the table above.
|
||||
|
||||
Complete mapping
|
||||
|
||||
The mapping is **complete** in the sense that any JSON value type can be converted to a CBOR value.
|
||||
|
||||
NaN/infinity handling
|
||||
|
||||
If NaN or Infinity are stored inside a JSON number, they are serialized properly. This behavior differs from the normal JSON serialization which serializes NaN or Infinity to `null`.
|
||||
|
||||
Unused CBOR types
|
||||
|
||||
The following CBOR types are not used in the conversion:
|
||||
|
||||
- UTF-8 strings terminated by "break" (0x7F)
|
||||
- arrays terminated by "break" (0x9F)
|
||||
- maps terminated by "break" (0xBF)
|
||||
- byte strings terminated by "break" (0x5F)
|
||||
- date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
|
||||
- bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
|
||||
- decimal fraction (0xC4)
|
||||
- bigfloat (0xC5)
|
||||
- expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
|
||||
- simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
|
||||
- undefined (0xF7)
|
||||
- half-precision floats (0xF9)
|
||||
- break (0xFF)
|
||||
|
||||
Tagged items
|
||||
|
||||
Binary subtypes will be serialized as tagged items. See [binary values](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_values/#cbor) for an example.
|
||||
|
||||
Example
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#include <iostream>
|
||||
#include <iomanip>
|
||||
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
|
||||
|
||||
using json = nlohmann::json;
|
||||
using namespace nlohmann::literals;
|
||||
|
||||
int main()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// create a JSON value
|
||||
json j = R"({"compact": true, "schema": 0})"_json;
|
||||
|
||||
// serialize it to CBOR
|
||||
std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = json::to_cbor(j);
|
||||
|
||||
// print the vector content
|
||||
for (auto& byte : v)
|
||||
{
|
||||
std::cout << "0x" << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)byte << " ";
|
||||
}
|
||||
std::cout << std::endl;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
0xa2 0x67 0x63 0x6f 0x6d 0x70 0x61 0x63 0x74 0xf5 0x66 0x73 0x63 0x68 0x65 0x6d 0x61 0x00
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Deserialization
|
||||
|
||||
The library maps CBOR types to JSON value types as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
| CBOR type | JSON value type | first byte |
|
||||
| ---------------------- | --------------- | ---------- |
|
||||
| Integer | number_unsigned | 0x00..0x17 |
|
||||
| Unsigned integer | number_unsigned | 0x18 |
|
||||
| Unsigned integer | number_unsigned | 0x19 |
|
||||
| Unsigned integer | number_unsigned | 0x1A |
|
||||
| Unsigned integer | number_unsigned | 0x1B |
|
||||
| Negative integer | number_integer | 0x20..0x37 |
|
||||
| Negative integer | number_integer | 0x38 |
|
||||
| Negative integer | number_integer | 0x39 |
|
||||
| Negative integer | number_integer | 0x3A |
|
||||
| Negative integer | number_integer | 0x3B |
|
||||
| Byte string | binary | 0x40..0x57 |
|
||||
| Byte string | binary | 0x58 |
|
||||
| Byte string | binary | 0x59 |
|
||||
| Byte string | binary | 0x5A |
|
||||
| Byte string | binary | 0x5B |
|
||||
| UTF-8 string | string | 0x60..0x77 |
|
||||
| UTF-8 string | string | 0x78 |
|
||||
| UTF-8 string | string | 0x79 |
|
||||
| UTF-8 string | string | 0x7A |
|
||||
| UTF-8 string | string | 0x7B |
|
||||
| UTF-8 string | string | 0x7F |
|
||||
| array | array | 0x80..0x97 |
|
||||
| array | array | 0x98 |
|
||||
| array | array | 0x99 |
|
||||
| array | array | 0x9A |
|
||||
| array | array | 0x9B |
|
||||
| array | array | 0x9F |
|
||||
| map | object | 0xA0..0xB7 |
|
||||
| map | object | 0xB8 |
|
||||
| map | object | 0xB9 |
|
||||
| map | object | 0xBA |
|
||||
| map | object | 0xBB |
|
||||
| map | object | 0xBF |
|
||||
| False | `false` | 0xF4 |
|
||||
| True | `true` | 0xF5 |
|
||||
| Null | `null` | 0xF6 |
|
||||
| Half-Precision Float | number_float | 0xF9 |
|
||||
| Single-Precision Float | number_float | 0xFA |
|
||||
| Double-Precision Float | number_float | 0xFB |
|
||||
|
||||
Incomplete mapping
|
||||
|
||||
The mapping is **incomplete** in the sense that not all CBOR types can be converted to a JSON value. The following CBOR types are not supported and will yield parse errors:
|
||||
|
||||
- date/time (0xC0..0xC1)
|
||||
- bignum (0xC2..0xC3)
|
||||
- decimal fraction (0xC4)
|
||||
- bigfloat (0xC5)
|
||||
- expected conversions (0xD5..0xD7)
|
||||
- simple values (0xE0..0xF3, 0xF8)
|
||||
- undefined (0xF7)
|
||||
|
||||
Object keys
|
||||
|
||||
CBOR allows map keys of any type, whereas JSON only allows strings as keys in object values. Therefore, CBOR maps with keys other than UTF-8 strings are rejected.
|
||||
|
||||
Tagged items
|
||||
|
||||
Tagged items will throw a parse error by default. They can be ignored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::ignore` to function `from_cbor`. They can be stored by passing `cbor_tag_handler_t::store` to function `from_cbor`.
|
||||
|
||||
Example
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
#include <iostream>
|
||||
#include <iomanip>
|
||||
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
|
||||
|
||||
using json = nlohmann::json;
|
||||
|
||||
int main()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// create byte vector
|
||||
std::vector<std::uint8_t> v = {0xa2, 0x67, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63,
|
||||
0x74, 0xf5, 0x66, 0x73, 0x63, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6d,
|
||||
0x61, 0x00
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// deserialize it with CBOR
|
||||
json j = json::from_cbor(v);
|
||||
|
||||
// print the deserialized JSON value
|
||||
std::cout << std::setw(2) << j << std::endl;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
"compact": true,
|
||||
"schema": 0
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
Reference in new issue
Block a user