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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ flowchart LR
- **JSON text** is read by an [input adapter](#input-adapters), tokenized by the lexer, and turned into SAX events by
the parser.
- **Binary formats** (BJData, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON) are read by an input adapter and turned into the same SAX
- **Binary formats** (BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON) are read by an input adapter and turned into the same SAX
events by the `binary_reader`.
- A [SAX consumer](#sax-interface) receives the events. The one used by [`parse`](../api/basic_json/parse.md) builds a
`basic_json` value tree.
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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/home/architecture/" rel="canonical"><link href=../design_goals/ rel=prev><link href=../customers/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Architecture - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#architecture class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio 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15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-seaLine truncated
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/home/architecture/" rel="canonical"><link href=../design_goals/ rel=prev><link href=../customers/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Architecture - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#architecture class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Architecture </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio 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15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-seaLine truncated
input[/"input&lt;br&gt;(string, stream,&lt;br&gt;iterator range, file)"/]
ia["input adapter"]
lexer["lexer"]
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
sax --&gt; value
value --&gt; serializer --&gt; oa
value --&gt; bwriter --&gt; oa
oa --&gt; output</code></pre> <ul> <li><strong><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text</strong> is read by an <a href=#input-adapters>input adapter</a>, tokenized by the lexer, and turned into <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events by the parser.</li> <li><strong>Binary formats</strong> (<abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>) are read by an input adapter and turned into the same <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events by the <code>binary_reader</code>.</li> <li>A <a href=#sax-interface><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> consumer</a> receives the events. The one used by <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> builds a <code>basic_json</code> value tree.</li> <li>The <code>serializer</code> (<abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text) or the <code>binary_writer</code> (binary formats) writes a value tree to an <a href=#output-adapters>output adapter</a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id=source-layout>Source layout<a class=headerlink href=#source-layout title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The public headers are in <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann"><code>include/nlohmann</code></a>:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/json.hpp"><code>json.hpp</code></a> defines class <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a>.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp"><code>json_fwd.hpp</code></a> contains forward declarations.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp"><code>adl_serializer.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp"><code>byte_container_with_subtype.hpp</code></a>, and <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp"><code>ordered_map.hpp</code></a> define <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/ ><code>adl_serializer</code></a>, <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/ ><code>byte_container_with_subtype</code></a>, and <a href=../../api/ordered_map/ ><code>ordered_map</code></a>.</li> </ul> <p>Everything else lives in <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann/detail"><code>detail/</code></a> and namespace <code>nlohmann::detail</code>, which is not part of the public <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">API</abbr>. Paths below are relative to <code>include/nlohmann</code>.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Component</th> <th>Location</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Value type enumeration</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp"><code>detail/value_t.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Input adapters</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp"><code>detail/input/input_adapters.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lexer</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp"><code>detail/input/lexer.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/number_parse.hpp"><code>detail/input/number_parse.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/string_scan.hpp"><code>detail/input/string_scan.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Parser</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp"><code>detail/input/parser.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface and <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr> builders</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp"><code>detail/input/json_sax.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Binary format readers</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp"><code>detail/input/binary_reader.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> serializer</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp"><code>detail/output/serializer.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp"><code>detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Binary format writers</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp"><code>detail/output/binary_writer.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Output adapters</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/Line truncated
oa --&gt; output</code></pre> <ul> <li><strong><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text</strong> is read by an <a href=#input-adapters>input adapter</a>, tokenized by the lexer, and turned into <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events by the parser.</li> <li><strong>Binary formats</strong> (<abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>) are read by an input adapter and turned into the same <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> events by the <code>binary_reader</code>.</li> <li>A <a href=#sax-interface><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> consumer</a> receives the events. The one used by <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse</code></a> builds a <code>basic_json</code> value tree.</li> <li>The <code>serializer</code> (<abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text) or the <code>binary_writer</code> (binary formats) writes a value tree to an <a href=#output-adapters>output adapter</a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id=source-layout>Source layout<a class=headerlink href=#source-layout title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The public headers are in <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann"><code>include/nlohmann</code></a>:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/json.hpp"><code>json.hpp</code></a> defines class <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a>.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp"><code>json_fwd.hpp</code></a> contains forward declarations.</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp"><code>adl_serializer.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/byte_container_with_subtype.hpp"><code>byte_container_with_subtype.hpp</code></a>, and <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp"><code>ordered_map.hpp</code></a> define <a href=../../api/adl_serializer/ ><code>adl_serializer</code></a>, <a href=../../api/byte_container_with_subtype/ ><code>byte_container_with_subtype</code></a>, and <a href=../../api/ordered_map/ ><code>ordered_map</code></a>.</li> </ul> <p>Everything else lives in <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/include/nlohmann/detail"><code>detail/</code></a> and namespace <code>nlohmann::detail</code>, which is not part of the public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr>. Paths below are relative to <code>include/nlohmann</code>.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Component</th> <th>Location</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Value type enumeration</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp"><code>detail/value_t.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Input adapters</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp"><code>detail/input/input_adapters.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lexer</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp"><code>detail/input/lexer.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/number_parse.hpp"><code>detail/input/number_parse.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/string_scan.hpp"><code>detail/input/string_scan.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Parser</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/parser.hpp"><code>detail/input/parser.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr> interface and <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr> builders</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/json_sax.hpp"><code>detail/input/json_sax.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Binary format readers</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/input/binary_reader.hpp"><code>detail/input/binary_reader.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> serializer</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/output/serializer.hpp"><code>detail/output/serializer.hpp</code></a>, <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp"><code>detail/conversions/to_chars.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Binary format writers</td> <td><a href="https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/include/nlohmann/detail/output/binary_writer.hpp"><code>detail/output/binary_writer.hpp</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Output adapLine truncated
<span class=p>{</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=c1>/// the type of the current element</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>value_t</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>m_type</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>value_t</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>null</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@
<span class=k>template</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=k>class</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nc>T</span><span class=o>&gt;</span>
<span class=kt>void</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>from_json</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>basic_json</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>j</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>T</span><span class=o>&amp;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>t</span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>found by argument-dependent lookup. The library defines them for standard types in <code>detail/conversions</code>; users add them for their own types, see <a href=../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a>. The <a href=../../features/macros/ >serialization macros</a> generate these functions.</p> <h2 id=additional-features>Additional features<a class=headerlink href=#additional-features title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../features/json_pointer/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer</a> (class <code>json_pointer</code>) addresses values inside a tree. It is also the basis of <a href=../../features/json_patch/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch</a>.</li> <li><a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >Binary formats</a> are read by <code>binary_reader</code> and written by <code>binary_writer</code>.</li> <li>A <a href=../../api/basic_json/json_base_class_t/ >custom base class</a> can add members to every <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a> value.</li> <li><a href=../../features/macros/ >Serialization macros</a> generate <code>to_json</code> and <code>from_json</code> functions for user-defined types.</li> </ul> <h2 id=details-namespace>Details namespace<a class=headerlink href=#details-namespace title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Namespace <code>nlohmann::detail</code> contains all implementation details. It is not part of the public <abbr title="Application Programming Interfaces">API</abbr> and may change in any release. Besides the components above, it contains:</p> <ul> <li>type traits to detect the capabilities of user-defined types (<code>detail/meta/type_traits.hpp</code>),</li> <li>backports of C++14/17 features to C++11 (<code>detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp</code>), and</li> <li>helpers such as <code>string_concat</code> and <code>string_escape</code>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="September 25, 2026 06:28:00 UTC">September 25, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 36Line truncated
</code></pre></div> <p>found by argument-dependent lookup. The library defines them for standard types in <code>detail/conversions</code>; users add them for their own types, see <a href=../../features/arbitrary_types/ >Arbitrary Type Conversions</a>. The <a href=../../features/macros/ >serialization macros</a> generate these functions.</p> <h2 id=additional-features>Additional features<a class=headerlink href=#additional-features title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <ul> <li><a href=../../features/json_pointer/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer</a> (class <code>json_pointer</code>) addresses values inside a tree. It is also the basis of <a href=../../features/json_patch/ ><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch</a>.</li> <li><a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >Binary formats</a> are read by <code>binary_reader</code> and written by <code>binary_writer</code>.</li> <li>A <a href=../../api/basic_json/json_base_class_t/ >custom base class</a> can add members to every <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a> value.</li> <li><a href=../../features/macros/ >Serialization macros</a> generate <code>to_json</code> and <code>from_json</code> functions for user-defined types.</li> </ul> <h2 id=details-namespace>Details namespace<a class=headerlink href=#details-namespace title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>Namespace <code>nlohmann::detail</code> contains all implementation details. It is not part of the public <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> and may change in any release. Besides the components above, it contains:</p> <ul> <li>type traits to detect the capabilities of user-defined types (<code>detail/meta/type_traits.hpp</code>),</li> <li>backports of C++14/17 features to C++11 (<code>detail/meta/cpp_future.hpp</code>), and</li> <li>helpers such as <code>string_concat</code> and <code>string_escape</code>.</li> </ul> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 11, 2026 06:21:51 UTC">October 11, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 5Line truncated
+1 -1
View File
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ flowchart LR
```
- **JSON text** is read by an [input adapter](#input-adapters), tokenized by the lexer, and turned into SAX events by the parser.
- **Binary formats** (BJData, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON) are read by an input adapter and turned into the same SAX events by the `binary_reader`.
- **Binary formats** (BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON) are read by an input adapter and turned into the same SAX events by the `binary_reader`.
- A [SAX consumer](#sax-interface) receives the events. The one used by [`parse`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/parse/index.md) builds a `basic_json` value tree.
- The `serializer` (JSON text) or the `binary_writer` (binary formats) writes a value tree to an [output adapter](#output-adapters).
+1 -1
View File
@@ -1 +1 @@
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/home/customers/" rel="canonical"><link href=../architecture/ rel=prev><link href=../sponsors/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Customers - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new URL("../..",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce(((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0)),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}</script></head> <body dir=ltr data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=drawer type=checkbox id=__drawer autocomplete=off> <input class=md-toggle data-md-toggle=search type=checkbox id=__search autocomplete=off> <label class=md-overlay for=__drawer></label> <div data-md-component=skip> <a href=#customers class=md-skip> Skip to content </a> </div> <div data-md-component=announce> </div> <header class=md-header data-md-component=header> <nav class="md-header__inner md-grid" aria-label=Header> <a href=../.. title="JSON for Modern C++" class="md-header__button md-logo" aria-label="JSON for Modern C++" data-md-component=logo> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3m0 3.54C9.64 9.35 6.5 8 3 8v11c3.5 0 6.64 1.35 9 3.54 2.36-2.19 5.5-3.54 9-3.54V8c-3.5 0-6.64 1.35-9 3.54"/></svg> </a> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__drawer> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3zm0 5h18v2H3z"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-header__title data-md-component=header-title> <div class=md-header__ellipsis> <div class=md-header__topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> JSON for Modern C++ </span> </div> <div class=md-header__topic data-md-component=header-topic> <span class=md-ellipsis> Customers </span> </div> </div> </div> <form class=md-header__option data-md-component=palette> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" data-md-color-scheme=default data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to dark mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_0> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to dark mode" for=__palette_1 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 4-4 4 4 0 0 0-4-4m0 10a6 6 0 0 1-6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> <input class=md-option data-md-color-media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" data-md-color-scheme=slate data-md-color-primary=indigo data-md-color-accent=indigo aria-label="Switch to light mode" type=radio name=__palette id=__palette_1> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" title="Switch to light mode" for=__palette_0 hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 18c-.89 0-1.74-.2-2.5-.55C11.56 16.5 13 14.42 13 12s-1.44-4.5-3.5-5.45C10.26 6.2 11.11 6 12 6a6 6 0 0 1 6 6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6m8-9.31V4h-4.69L12 .69 8.69 4H4v4.69L.69 12 4 15.31V20h4.69L12 23.31 15.31 20H20v-4.69L23.31 12z"/></svg> </label> </form> <script>var palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){if("(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media){var media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']");palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent")}for(var[key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}</script> <label class="md-header__button md-icon" for=__search> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.52 6.52 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5"/></svg> </label> <div class=md-search data-md-cLine truncated
<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/home/customers/" rel="canonical"><link href=../architecture/ rel=prev><link href=../sponsors/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>Customers - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ There are myriads of [JSON](https://json.org) libraries out there, and each may
- **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tests/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/289).
- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tests/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](https://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/289).
Other aspects were not so important to us:
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ Other aspects were not so important to us:
- **Speed**. There are certainly [faster JSON libraries](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time) out there. However, if your goal is to speed up your development by adding JSON support with a single header, then this library is the way to go. If you know how to use a `std::vector` or `std::map`, you are already set.
See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
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+2 -2
View File
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ There are myriads of [JSON](https://json.org) libraries out there, and each may
- **Intuitive syntax**. In languages such as Python, JSON feels like a first-class data type. We used all the operator magic of modern C++ to achieve the same feeling in your code.
- **Trivial integration**. Our whole code consists of a single header file [`json.hpp`](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp). That's it. No library, no subproject, no dependencies, no complex build system. The class is written in vanilla C++11. All in all, everything should require no adjustment of your compiler flags or project settings.
- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tests/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/289).
- **Serious testing**. Our class is heavily [unit-tested](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/tree/develop/tests/src) and covers [100%](https://coveralls.io/r/nlohmann/json) of the code, including all exceptional behavior. Furthermore, we checked with [Valgrind](https://valgrind.org) and the [Clang Sanitizers](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/index.html) that there are no memory leaks. [Google OSS-Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/tree/master/projects/json) additionally runs fuzz tests against all parsers 24/7, effectively executing billions of tests so far. To maintain high quality, the project is following the [OpenSSF Best Practices](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/289).
Other aspects were not so important to us:
- **Memory efficiency**. Each JSON object has an overhead of one pointer (the maximal size of a union) and one enumeration element (1 byte). The default generalization uses the following C++ data types: `std::string` for strings, `int64_t`, `uint64_t` or `double` for numbers, `std::map` for objects, `std::vector` for arrays, and `bool` for Booleans. However, you can template the generalized class `basic_json` to your needs.
- **Speed**. There are certainly [faster JSON libraries](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark#parsing-time) out there. However, if your goal is to speed up your development by adding JSON support with a single header, then this library is the way to go. If you know how to use a `std::vector` or `std::map`, you are already set.
See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
See the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#please-dont) for more information.
+193 -19
View File
@@ -70,13 +70,34 @@ Exceptions in the library are thrown in the local context of the JSON value they
??? example "Example: standard diagnostic message"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
json j;
j["address"]["street"] = "Fake Street";
j["address"]["housenumber"] = "12";
try
{
int housenumber = j["address"]["housenumber"];
}
catch (const json::exception& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_standard.output"
[json.exception.type_error.302] type must be number, but is string
```
This exception can be hard to debug if storing the value `#!c "12"` and accessing it is further apart.
@@ -88,13 +109,36 @@ As this global context comes at the price of storing one additional pointer per
??? example "Example: extended diagnostic message with `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`"
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp"
#include <iostream>
# define JSON_DIAGNOSTICS 1
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
json j;
j["address"]["street"] = "Fake Street";
j["address"]["housenumber"] = "12";
try
{
int housenumber = j["address"]["housenumber"];
}
catch (const json::exception& e)
{
std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/diagnostics_extended.output"
[json.exception.type_error.302] (/address/housenumber) type must be number, but is string
```
Now the exception message contains a JSON Pointer `/address/housenumber` that indicates which value has the wrong type.
@@ -104,7 +148,7 @@ See [documentation of `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](../api/macros/json_diagnostics.md) for
## Parse errors
The library throws this exception when a parse error occurs. Parse errors
can occur during the deserialization of JSON text, CBOR, MessagePack, as well
can occur during the deserialization of JSON text or of one of the binary formats (BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON), as well
as when using JSON Patch.
Exceptions have ids 1xx.
@@ -123,13 +167,36 @@ Exceptions have ids 1xx.
The following code shows how a `parse_error` exception can be caught.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/parse_error.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
try
{
// parsing input with a syntax error
json j = json::parse("[1,2,3,]");
}
catch (const json::parse_error& e)
{
// output exception information
std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
<< "exception id: " << e.id << '\n'
<< "byte position of error: " << e.byte << std::endl;
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/parse_error.output"
message: [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal
exception id: 101
byte position of error: 8
```
@@ -190,7 +257,7 @@ This error indicates a syntax error while deserializing a JSON text. The error m
!!! tip
- Make sure the input is correctly read. Try to write the input to standard output to check if, for instance, the input file was successfully opened.
- Paste the input to a JSON validator like <http://jsonlint.com> or a tool like [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/).
- Paste the input to a JSON validator like <https://jsonlint.com> or a tool like [jq](https://jqlang.github.io/jq/).
### json.exception.parse_error.102
@@ -278,7 +345,9 @@ In a JSON Pointer, only `~0` and `~1` are valid escape sequences.
### json.exception.parse_error.109
A JSON Pointer array index must be a number.
A JSON Pointer array index must be a number. This exception is thrown for an array index that does not begin with a
digit, except for `-` and the empty reference token, which throw [`out_of_range.404`](#jsonexceptionout_of_range404)
where they cannot be resolved.
!!! failure "Example messages"
@@ -289,6 +358,11 @@ A JSON Pointer array index must be a number.
[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number
```
!!! note
Before version 3.13.0, a one-character array index that is not a digit (e.g., `x`) threw
[`out_of_range.404`](#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) instead.
### json.exception.parse_error.110
When parsing a [binary format](../features/binary_formats/index.md), the byte vector ends before the complete value has
@@ -400,13 +474,36 @@ Exceptions have ids 2xx.
The following code shows how an `invalid_iterator` exception can be caught.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/invalid_iterator.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
try
{
// calling iterator::key() on non-object iterator
json j = "string";
json::iterator it = j.begin();
auto k = it.key();
}
catch (const json::invalid_iterator& e)
{
// output exception information
std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
<< "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/invalid_iterator.output"
message: [json.exception.invalid_iterator.207] cannot use key() for non-object iterators
exception id: 207
```
### json.exception.invalid_iterator.201
@@ -564,13 +661,35 @@ Exceptions have ids 3xx.
The following code shows how a `type_error` exception can be caught.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/type_error.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
try
{
// calling push_back() on a string value
json j = "string";
j.push_back("another string");
}
catch (const json::type_error& e)
{
// output exception information
std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
<< "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/type_error.output"
message: [json.exception.type_error.308] cannot use push_back() with string
exception id: 308
```
### json.exception.type_error.301
@@ -810,7 +929,7 @@ does not list an enumerator and it is therefore converted like the first listed
A discarded value (one created by [`parse()`](../api/basic_json/parse.md) with a callback that returns `false` for the
value, or by default-constructing a [`basic_json`](../api/basic_json/index.md) with
[`value_t::discarded`](../api/basic_json/value_t.md)) was passed to a binary serialization function, either directly or
nested in an array or object. There is no way to represent a discarded value in CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON, BJData, or BSON.
nested in an array or object. There is no way to represent a discarded value in CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON, BJData, BSON, or BON8.
!!! failure "Example message"
@@ -830,13 +949,35 @@ Exceptions have ids 4xx.
The following code shows how an `out_of_range` exception can be caught.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/out_of_range.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
int main()
{
try
{
// calling at() for an invalid index
json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
j.at(4) = 10;
}
catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
{
// output exception information
std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
<< "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/out_of_range.output"
message: [json.exception.out_of_range.401] array index 4 is out of range
exception id: 401
```
### json.exception.out_of_range.401
@@ -871,7 +1012,8 @@ The provided key was not found in the JSON object.
### json.exception.out_of_range.404
A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved.
A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved, for instance an array index that begins with a digit but
contains other characters (e.g., `1a`), or `-` where it cannot be used.
!!! failure "Example message"
@@ -1056,13 +1198,45 @@ Exceptions have ids 5xx.
The following code shows how an `other_error` exception can be caught.
```cpp
--8<-- "examples/other_error.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
using json = nlohmann::json;
using namespace nlohmann::literals;
int main()
{
try
{
// executing a failing JSON Patch operation
json value = R"({
"best_biscuit": {
"name": "Oreo"
}
})"_json;
json patch = R"([{
"op": "test",
"path": "/best_biscuit/name",
"value": "Choco Leibniz"
}])"_json;
value.patch(patch);
}
catch (const json::other_error& e)
{
// output exception information
std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
<< "exception id: " << e.id << std::endl;
}
}
```
Output:
```
--8<-- "examples/other_error.output"
message: [json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/best_biscuit/name","value":"Choco Leibniz"}
exception id: 501
```
### json.exception.other_error.501
+8 -8
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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direction LR
class `std::exception` {
&lt;&lt;interface&gt;&gt;
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
<span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span>
<span class=p>}</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Output:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.302] (/address/housenumber) type must be number, but is string
</code></pre></div> <p>Now the exception message contains a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer <code>/address/housenumber</code> that indicates which value has the wrong type.</p> </details> <p>See <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ >documentation of <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> for more information.</p> <h2 id=parse-errors>Parse errors<a class=headerlink href=#parse-errors title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The library throws this exception when a parse error occurs. Parse errors can occur during the deserialization of <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, as well as when using <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 1xx.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Byte index</p> <p>Member <code>byte</code> holds the byte index of the last read character in the input file.</p> <p>For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and n+1 is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file. This also holds true when reading a byte vector (<abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> or MessagePack).</p> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch a <code>parse_error</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how a <code>parse_error</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>Now the exception message contains a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer <code>/address/housenumber</code> that indicates which value has the wrong type.</p> </details> <p>See <a href=../../api/macros/json_diagnostics/ >documentation of <code>JSON_DIAGNOSTICS</code></a> for more information.</p> <h2 id=parse-errors>Parse errors<a class=headerlink href=#parse-errors title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>The library throws this exception when a parse error occurs. Parse errors can occur during the deserialization of <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> text or of one of the binary formats (<abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>), as well as when using <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 1xx.</p> <div class="admonition info"> <p class=admonition-title>Byte index</p> <p>Member <code>byte</code> holds the byte index of the last read character in the input file.</p> <p>For an input with n bytes, 1 is the index of the first character and n+1 is the index of the terminating null byte or the end of file. This also holds true when reading a byte vector (<abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr> or MessagePack).</p> </div> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch a <code>parse_error</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how a <code>parse_error</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class=k>using</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>json</span><span class=p>;</span>
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ byte position of error: 8
</code></pre></div> <p><code>\u</code> was not be followed by four hex digits:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 6: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: '\u' must be followed by 4 hex digits; last read: '"\u01"'
</code></pre></div> <p>Invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 surrogate pair:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 13: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: surrogate U+DC00..U+DFFF must follow U+D800..U+DBFF; last read: '"\uD7FF\uDC00'"
</code></pre></div> <p>Invalid <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 byte:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 3, column 24: syntax error while parsing value - invalid string: ill-formed UTF-8 byte; last read: '"vous \352t'
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <ul> <li>Make sure the input is correctly read. Try to write the input to standard output to check if, for instance, the input file was successfully opened.</li> <li>Paste the input to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> validator like <a href="http://jsonlint.com">http://jsonlint.com</a> or a tool like <a href="https://stedolan.github.io/jq/">jq</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error102>json.exception.parse_error.102<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error102 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> uses the <code>\uxxxx</code> format to describe Unicode characters. Code points above 0xFFFF are split into two <code>\uxxxx</code> entries ("surrogate pairs"). This error indicates that the surrogate pair is incomplete or contains an invalid code point.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>parse error at 14: missing or wrong low surrogate
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <ul> <li>Make sure the input is correctly read. Try to write the input to standard output to check if, for instance, the input file was successfully opened.</li> <li>Paste the input to a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> validator like <a href="https://jsonlint.com">https://jsonlint.com</a> or a tool like <a href="https://jqlang.github.io/jq/">jq</a>.</li> </ul> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error102>json.exception.parse_error.102<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error102 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> uses the <code>\uxxxx</code> format to describe Unicode characters. Code points above 0xFFFF are split into two <code>\uxxxx</code> entries ("surrogate pairs"). This error indicates that the surrogate pair is incomplete or contains an invalid code point.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>parse error at 14: missing or wrong low surrogate
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception is not used any more. Instead <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101>json.exception.parse_error.101</a> with a more detailed description is used.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error103>json.exception.parse_error.103<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error103 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>Unicode supports code points up to 0x10FFFF. Code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>parse error: code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception is not used any more. Instead <a href=#jsonexceptionparse_error101>json.exception.parse_error.101</a> with a more detailed description is used.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error104>json.exception.parse_error.104<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error104 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6902"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6902</a> requires a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch document to be a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> document that represents an array of objects.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.104] parse error: JSON patch must be an array of objects
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error105>json.exception.parse_error.105<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error105 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>An operation of a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch document must contain exactly one "op" member, whose value indicates the operation to perform. Its value must be one of "add", "remove", "replace", "move", "copy", or "test"; other values are errors.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.105] parse error: operation 'add' must have member 'value'
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ byte position of error: 8
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error106>json.exception.parse_error.106<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error106 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>An array index in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer (<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 6901</a>) may be <code>0</code> or any number without a leading <code>0</code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.106] parse error: array index '01' must not begin with '0'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error107>json.exception.parse_error.107<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error107 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer must be a Unicode string containing a sequence of zero or more reference tokens, each prefixed by a <code>/</code> character.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.107] parse error at byte 1: JSON pointer must be empty or begin with '/' - was: 'foo'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error108>json.exception.parse_error.108<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error108 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>In a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer, only <code>~0</code> and <code>~1</code> are valid escape sequences.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.108] parse error: escape character '~' must be followed with '0' or '1'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error109>json.exception.parse_error.109<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error109 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer array index must be a number.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error109>json.exception.parse_error.109<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error109 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer array index must be a number. This exception is thrown for an array index that does not begin with a digit, except for <code>-</code> and the empty reference token, which throw <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404><code>out_of_range.404</code></a> where they cannot be resolved.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index 'one' is not a number
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error110>json.exception.parse_error.110<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error110 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>When parsing a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a>, the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>Before version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>, a one-character array index that is not a digit (e.g., <code>x</code>) threw <a href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404><code>out_of_range.404</code></a> instead.</p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error110>json.exception.parse_error.110<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error110 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>When parsing a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a>, the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 5: syntax error while parsing CBOR string: unexpected end of input
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 2: syntax error while parsing UBJSON value: expected end of input; last byte: 0x5A
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.110] parse error at byte 8: syntax error while parsing BSON number: unexpected end of input
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionparse_error112>json.exception.parse_error.112<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionparse_error112 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>An unexpected byte was read in a <a href=../../features/binary_formats/ >binary format</a> or length information is invalid (<a href=../../features/binary_formats/bson/ ><abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr></a>).</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.parse_error.112] parse error at byte 1: syntax error while parsing CBOR value: invalid byte: 0x1C
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ exception id: 308
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <ul> <li>Store the source file with <abbr title="Unicode Transformation Format">UTF</abbr>-8 encoding.</li> <li>Pass an error handler as last parameter to the <code>dump()</code> function to avoid this exception:<ul> <li><code>json::error_handler_t::replace</code> will replace invalid bytes sequences with <code>U+FFFD</code> </li> <li><code>json::error_handler_t::ignore</code> will silently ignore invalid byte sequences</li> <li><code>json::error_handler_t::keep</code> will copy invalid byte sequences to the output unchanged</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error317>json.exception.type_error.317<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error317 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The dynamic type of the object cannot be represented in the requested serialization format (e.g., a raw <code>true</code> or <code>null</code> <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object cannot be serialized to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>)</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p>Serializing <code class=highlight><span class=kc>null</span></code> to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is null
</code></pre></div> Serializing <code class=highlight><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>]</span></code> to <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.317] to serialize to BSON, top-level type must be object, but is array
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <div class="admonition tip"> <p class=admonition-title>Tip</p> <p>Encapsulate the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value in an object. That is, instead of serializing <code class=highlight><span class=kc>true</span></code>, serialize <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"value"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>}</span></code></p> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error318>json.exception.type_error.318<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error318 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>With <a href=../../api/macros/json_use_objects_for_enum_keyed_maps/ ><code>JSON_USE_OBJECTS_FOR_ENUM_KEYED_MAPS</code></a>, a map with enum keys is stored as an object. This exception is thrown if two of its keys are converted to the same string, so one of the entries would be lost. This happens, for instance, if <a href=../../api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum/ ><code>NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM</code></a> does not list an enumerator and it is therefore converted like the first listed one.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.318] duplicate object key 'red'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error321>json.exception.type_error.321<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error321 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A discarded value (one created by <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse()</code></a> with a callback that returns <code>false</code> for the value, or by default-constructing a <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a> with <a href=../../api/basic_json/value_t/ ><code>value_t::discarded</code></a>) was passed to a binary serialization function, either directly or nested in an array or object. There is no way to represent a discarded value in <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, or <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Serializing <code class=highlight><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>]</span></code> to <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, where the second element was discarded by a parser callback: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.321] cannot serialize discarded value to CBOR
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptiontype_error321>json.exception.type_error.321<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptiontype_error321 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A discarded value (one created by <a href=../../api/basic_json/parse/ ><code>parse()</code></a> with a callback that returns <code>false</code> for the value, or by default-constructing a <a href=../../api/basic_json/ ><code>basic_json</code></a> with <a href=../../api/basic_json/value_t/ ><code>value_t::discarded</code></a>) was passed to a binary serialization function, either directly or nested in an array or object. There is no way to represent a discarded value in <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JData">BJData</abbr>, <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>, or <abbr title="Binary Object Notation 8">BON8</abbr>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Serializing <code class=highlight><span class=p>[</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>]</span></code> to <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, where the second element was discarded by a parser callback: <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.type_error.321] cannot serialize discarded value to CBOR
</code></pre></div></p> </div> <h2 id=out-of-range>Out of range<a class=headerlink href=#out-of-range title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <p>This exception is thrown in case a library function is called on an input parameter that exceeds the expected range, for instance, in the case of array indices or nonexisting object keys.</p> <p>Exceptions have ids 4xx.</p> <details class=example> <summary>Example: catch an <code>out_of_range</code> exception</summary> <p>The following code shows how an <code>out_of_range</code> exception can be caught.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class=cp>#include</span><span class=w> </span><span class=cpf>&lt;nlohmann/json.hpp&gt;</span>
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ exception id: 401
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range401>json.exception.out_of_range.401<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range401 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The provided array index <code>i</code> is larger than <code>size-1</code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>array index 3 is out of range
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range402>json.exception.out_of_range.402<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range402 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The special array index <code>-</code> in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer never describes a valid element of the array, but the index past the end. That is, it can only be used to add elements at this position, but not to read it.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>array index '-' (3) is out of range
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range403>json.exception.out_of_range.403<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range403 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The provided key was not found in the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> object.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>key 'foo' not found
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range404>json.exception.out_of_range.404<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A reference token in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer could not be resolved.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>unresolved reference token 'foo'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range404>json.exception.out_of_range.404<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range404 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A reference token in a <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Pointer could not be resolved, for instance an array index that begins with a digit but contains other characters (e.g., <code>1a</code>), or <code>-</code> where it cannot be used.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>unresolved reference token 'foo'
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range405>json.exception.out_of_range.405<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range405 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch operations 'remove' and 'add' cannot be applied to the root element of the <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> value.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>JSON pointer has no parent
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionout_of_range406>json.exception.out_of_range.406<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionout_of_range406 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A parsed number could not be stored without changing it to <abbr title="Not a Number">NaN</abbr> or INF. For the binary formats, this happens when a finite floating-point number does not fit into <a href=../../api/basic_json/number_float_t/ ><code>number_float_t</code></a>, for example a double-precision number when <code>number_float_t</code> is <code class=highlight><span class=kt>float</span></code>.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example messages</p> <p><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>number overflow parsing '10E1000'
</code></pre></div> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.out_of_range.406] syntax error while parsing CBOR value: number overflow
@@ -300,4 +300,4 @@ array index 18446744073709551616 exceeds size_type
exception id: 501
</code></pre></div> </details> <h3 id=jsonexceptionother_error501>json.exception.other_error.501<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionother_error501 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>A <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> Patch operation 'test' failed. The unsuccessful operation is also printed.</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <p>Executing <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"op"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=s2>"test"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"path"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=s2>"/baz"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"value"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=s2>"bar"</span><span class=p>}</span></code> on <code class=highlight><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"baz"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"qux"</span><span class=p>}</span></code>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.other_error.501] unsuccessful: {"op":"test","path":"/baz","value":"bar"}
</code></pre></div> </div> <h3 id=jsonexceptionother_error502>json.exception.other_error.502<a class=headerlink href=#jsonexceptionother_error502 title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><a href=../../api/basic_json/to_ubjson/ ><code>to_ubjson</code></a> and <a href=../../api/basic_json/to_bjdata/ ><code>to_bjdata</code></a> were called with <code>use_type = true</code> but <code>use_size = false</code>. <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr> requires a size marker (<code>#</code>) after a type marker (<code>$</code>).</p> <div class="admonition failure"> <p class=admonition-title>Example message</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code>[json.exception.other_error.502] use_type requires use_size = true
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, debug builds aborted on an assertion and release builds wrote a <code>$</code> marker without <code>#</code>, which <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a> then rejected.</p> </div> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 7, 2026 17:17:57 UTC">October 7, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 384 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.coLine truncated
</code></pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class=admonition-title>Note</p> <p>This exception was added in version 3.13.0 <span class=unreleased-version title="Not part of a release yet; the latest release is 3.12.0.">unreleased</span>. Before that, debug builds aborted on an assertion and release builds wrote a <code>$</code> marker without <code>#</code>, which <a href=../../api/basic_json/from_ubjson/ ><code>from_ubjson</code></a> then rejected.</p> </div> <!-- https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/reference/tooltips/#adding-a-glossary --> <aside class=md-source-file> <span class=md-source-file__fact> <span class=md-icon title="Last update"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 13.1c-.1 0-.3.1-.4.2l-1 1 2.1 2.1 1-1c.2-.2.2-.6 0-.8l-1.3-1.3c-.1-.1-.2-.2-.4-.2m-1.9 1.8-6.1 6V23h2.1l6.1-6.1zM12.5 7v5.2l4 2.4-1 1L11 13V7zM11 21.9c-5.1-.5-9-4.8-9-9.9C2 6.5 6.5 2 12 2c5.3 0 9.6 4.1 10 9.3-.3-.1-.6-.2-1-.2s-.7.1-1 .2C19.6 7.2 16.2 4 12 4c-4.4 0-8 3.6-8 8 0 4.1 3.1 7.5 7.1 7.9l-.1.2z"/></svg> </span> <span class="git-revision-date-localized-plugin git-revision-date-localized-plugin-date" title="October 11, 2026 06:22:00 UTC">October 11, 2026</span> </span> </aside> </article> </div> <script>var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(var tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}</script> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> <div class=md-copyright__highlight> Copyright &copy; 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann </div> </div> <div class=md-social> <a href="https://github.com/nlohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="github.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M173.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6m-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3m44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9M252.8 8C114.1 8 8 113.3 8 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C436.2 457.8 504 362.9 504 252 504 113.3 391.5 8 252.8 8M105.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1m-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7m32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1m-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9s4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3c1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/nielslohmann/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.linkedin.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 448 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2025 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3M135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77m282.1 320h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9z"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.xing.com/profile/Niels_Lohmann" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="www.xing.com" class="md-social__link"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 384 512"><!-- Font Awesome Free 7.1.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.Line truncated
+9 -5
View File
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ See [documentation of `JSON_DIAGNOSTICS`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/js
## Parse errors
The library throws this exception when a parse error occurs. Parse errors can occur during the deserialization of JSON text, CBOR, MessagePack, as well as when using JSON Patch.
The library throws this exception when a parse error occurs. Parse errors can occur during the deserialization of JSON text or of one of the binary formats (BJData, BON8, BSON, CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON), as well as when using JSON Patch.
Exceptions have ids 1xx.
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Invalid UTF-8 byte:
Tip
- Make sure the input is correctly read. Try to write the input to standard output to check if, for instance, the input file was successfully opened.
- Paste the input to a JSON validator like <http://jsonlint.com> or a tool like [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/).
- Paste the input to a JSON validator like <https://jsonlint.com> or a tool like [jq](https://jqlang.github.io/jq/).
### json.exception.parse_error.102
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ Example message
### json.exception.parse_error.109
A JSON Pointer array index must be a number.
A JSON Pointer array index must be a number. This exception is thrown for an array index that does not begin with a digit, except for `-` and the empty reference token, which throw [`out_of_range.404`](#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) where they cannot be resolved.
Example messages
@@ -347,6 +347,10 @@ Example messages
[json.exception.parse_error.109] parse error: array index '+1' is not a number
```
Note
Before version 3.13.0 unreleased, a one-character array index that is not a digit (e.g., `x`) threw [`out_of_range.404`](#jsonexceptionout_of_range404) instead.
### json.exception.parse_error.110
When parsing a [binary format](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/index.md), the byte vector ends before the complete value has been read.
@@ -912,7 +916,7 @@ Example message
### json.exception.type_error.321
A discarded value (one created by [`parse()`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/parse/index.md) with a callback that returns `false` for the value, or by default-constructing a [`basic_json`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/index.md) with [`value_t::discarded`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/value_t/index.md)) was passed to a binary serialization function, either directly or nested in an array or object. There is no way to represent a discarded value in CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON, BJData, or BSON.
A discarded value (one created by [`parse()`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/parse/index.md) with a callback that returns `false` for the value, or by default-constructing a [`basic_json`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/index.md) with [`value_t::discarded`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/value_t/index.md)) was passed to a binary serialization function, either directly or nested in an array or object. There is no way to represent a discarded value in CBOR, MessagePack, UBJSON, BJData, BSON, or BON8.
Example message
@@ -994,7 +998,7 @@ key 'foo' not found
### json.exception.out_of_range.404
A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved.
A reference token in a JSON Pointer could not be resolved, for instance an array index that begins with a digit but contains other characters (e.g., `1a`), or `-` where it cannot be used.
Example message
+1 -1
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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</code></pre></div> <p>and</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nf>j</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=nb>true</span><span class=p>);</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>yield different results (<code class=highlight><span class=p>[</span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>]</span></code> vs. <code class=highlight><span class=kc>true</span></code>)?</p> </div> <p>This is a known issue, and -- even worse -- the behavior differs between <abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr> and Clang. The "culprit" for this is the library's constructor overloads for initializer lists to allow syntax like</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>array</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>3</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>4</span><span class=p>};</span>
</code></pre></div> <p>for arrays and</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span class=n>json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>object</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{{</span><span class=s>"one"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>},</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=s>"two"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>}};</span><span class=w> </span>
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Fixes bugs found in 3.11.3 and adds several features. All changes are backward-c
[BJData](../features/binary_formats/bjdata.md) draft 3 and unsigned 64-bit integers for
[BSON](../features/binary_formats/bson.md).
- Adds multidimensional C-array conversion and UTF-8 encoded `std::filesystem::path` conversions, and
lowers the minimum [CMake](../integration/cmake.md) version to allow CMake 4.0.
raises the minimum [CMake](../integration/cmake.md) version to 3.5 and supports CMake 4.0.
[Full release notes](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.12.0).
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+1 -1
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Fixes bugs found in 3.11.3 and adds several features. All changes are backward-c
- Makes the [conversion macros](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/arbitrary_types/#simplify-your-life-with-macros) templated (so they also work with [`ordered_json`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/ordered_json/index.md)) and adds [`NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/macros/nlohmann_define_derived_type/index.md) for derived classes.
- Adds `std::optional` support (C++17) and lets [`patch`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/patch/index.md), [`diff`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/diff/index.md), and [`flatten`](https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/flatten/index.md) work with arbitrary string types.
- Extends the [binary formats](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/index.md): [BJData](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/bjdata/index.md) draft 3 and unsigned 64-bit integers for [BSON](https://json.nlohmann.me/features/binary_formats/bson/index.md).
- Adds multidimensional C-array conversion and UTF-8 encoded `std::filesystem::path` conversions, and lowers the minimum [CMake](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/index.md) version to allow CMake 4.0.
- Adds multidimensional C-array conversion and UTF-8 encoded `std::filesystem::path` conversions, and raises the minimum [CMake](https://json.nlohmann.me/integration/cmake/index.md) version to 3.5 and supports CMake 4.0.
[Full release notes](https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/tag/v3.12.0).
+1 -1
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@@ -1 +1 @@
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