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<!doctype html><html lang=en class=no-js> <head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=author content="Niels Lohmann"><link href="https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/binary_t/" rel="canonical"><link href=../binary/ rel=prev><link href=../boolean_t/ rel=next><link rel=icon href=../../../assets/images/favicon.png><meta name=generator content="mkdocs-1.6.1, mkdocs-material-9.7.7"><title>binary_t - JSON for Modern C++</title><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/main.ec1eaa64.min.css><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../assets/stylesheets/palette.ab4e12ef.min.css><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/external/fonts.googleapis.com/css.61a430c9.css"><style>:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"JetBrains Mono"}</style><link rel=stylesheet href=../../../css/custom.css><script>__md_scope=new 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</code></pre></div> <p>This type is a type designed to carry binary data that appears in various serialized formats, such as <abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>'s Major Type 2, MessagePack's bin, and <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>'s generic binary subtype. This type is NOT a part of standard <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> and exists solely for compatibility with these binary types. As such, it is simply defined as an ordered sequence of zero or more byte values.</p> <p>Additionally, as an implementation detail, the subtype of the binary data is carried around as a <code>std::uint64_t</code>, which is compatible with both of the binary data formats that use binary subtyping, (though the specific numbering is incompatible with each other, and it is up to the user to translate between them). The subtype is added to <code>BinaryType</code> via the helper type <a href=../../byte_container_with_subtype/ >byte_container_with_subtype</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949.html#section-3.1"><abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>'s <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 8949</a> describes this type as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Major type 2: A byte string. The number of bytes in the string is equal to the argument.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#bin-format-family">MessagePack's documentation on the bin type family</a> describes this type as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Bin format family stores a byte array in 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the size of the byte array.</p> </blockquote> <p><a href="http://bsonspec.org/spec.html"><abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>'s specifications</a> describe several binary types; however, this type is intended to represent the generic binary type which has the description:</p> <blockquote> <p>Generic binary subtype - This is the most commonly used binary subtype and should be the 'default' for drivers and tools.</p> </blockquote> <p>None of these impose any limitations on the internal representation other than the basic unit of storage be some type of array whose parts are decomposable into bytes.</p> <p>The default representation of this binary format is a <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>uint8_t</span><span class=o>&gt;</span></code>, which is a very common way to represent a byte array in modern C++.</p> <h2 id=template-parameters>Template parameters<a class=headerlink href=#template-parameters title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <dl> <dt><code>BinaryType</code></dt> <dd> <p>container type to store arrays</p> <p>Although not formally expressed as a C++ concept, <code>BinaryType</code> must be default-constructible, copy/move-constructible, and support <code>push_back()</code>, <code>.data()</code>, and <code>.size()</code>, because <a href=../../byte_container_with_subtype/ ><code>byte_container_with_subtype</code></a> derives directly from it. Its <code>value_type</code> must additionally be exactly one byte wide (e.g., <code>std::uint8_t</code>/<code>char</code>/<code>std::byte</code>): the binary serializers (<abbr title="Concise Binary Object Representation">CBOR</abbr>, MessagePack, <abbr title="Binary JSON">BSON</abbr>, <abbr title="Universal Binary JSON">UBJSON</abbr>) read and write the container's raw bytes via <code>reinterpret_cast</code>, which is only correct for byte-sized elements -- a container like <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>intptr_t</span><span class=o>&gt;</span></code> will not work as <code>BinaryType</code>. The elements must be stored contiguously, and the binary readers additionally require <code>resize()</code> and <code>operator[]</code>. See <a href=../../../features/types/template_parameters/#binarytype>Template Parameter Requirements</a> for the full list.</p> </dd> </dl> <h2 id=notes>Notes<a class=headerlink href=#notes title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h3 id=default-type>Default type<a class=headerlink href=#default-type title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p>The default values for <code>BinaryType</code> is <code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>uint8_t</span><span class=o>&gt;</span></code>.</p> <h3 id=supported-byte-types>Supported byte types<a class=headerlink href=#supported-byte-types title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <p><code class=highlight><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=o>&lt;</span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=kt>uint8_t</span><span clLine truncated
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>nlohmann</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>ordered_map</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// ObjectType</span>
<span class=w> </span><span class=n>std</span><span class=o>::</span><span class=n>vector</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// ArrayType</span>