Extend memcpy fast path to sized sentinels (e.g. std::counted_iterator)

Extend the memcpy fast path in iterator_input_adapter to sized
sentinels of a different type, not just same-type iterator pairs.
std::counted_iterator paired with std::default_sentinel_t already
satisfies std::contiguous_iterator and std::sized_sentinel_for, so
std::ranges::distance (C++20) lets that combination reach the fast
path too, instead of silently falling back to the byte-by-byte path.

- iterator_is_contiguous now also allows std::sized_sentinel_for<SentinelType,
  IteratorType> under C++20, gated the same way as the existing
  std::contiguous_iterator detection.
- get_elements_impl's fast path uses std::ranges::distance under C++20
  (works for both same-type and sized-sentinel pairs) and falls back to
  std::distance pre-C++20, where SentinelType is always IteratorType.
- Add a C++20-only test exercising json::parse/accept with
  std::counted_iterator + std::default_sentinel_t.
- Document std::default_sentinel_t + std::counted_iterator as a
  SentinelType example across parse.md, accept.md, sax_parse.md, and
  the five from_*.md pages, replacing an earlier ambiguously worded
  bullet.

Addresses review feedback: https://github.com/nlohmann/json/pull/5265#discussion_r3564237584

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

tests/src/unit-user_defined_input.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2013-2026 Niels Lohmann <https://nlohmann.me>
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
+// cmake/test.cmake selects the C++ standard versions with which to build a
+// unit test based on the presence of JSON_HAS_CPP_<VERSION> macros.
+// When using macros that are only defined for particular versions of the standard
+// (e.g., JSON_HAS_FILESYSTEM for C++17 and up), please mention the corresponding
+// version macro in a comment close by, like this:
+// JSON_HAS_CPP_<VERSION> (do not remove; see note at top of file)
+
 #include "doctest_compatibility.h"
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
@@ -13,6 +20,10 @@ using nlohmann::json;
 
 #include <list>
 
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_concepts) && defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_20)
+    #include <iterator>
+#endif
+
 namespace
 {
 TEST_CASE("Use arbitrary stdlib container")
@@ -201,4 +212,21 @@ TEST_CASE("Parse with heterogeneous iterator and sentinel types")
     CHECK(j2.at(0) == 1);
 }
 
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_concepts) && defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_20)
+// JSON_HAS_CPP_20 (do not remove; see note at top of file)
+TEST_CASE("Parse with std::counted_iterator and std::default_sentinel_t")
+{
+    const std::string json_str = R"({"key":"value","array":[1,2,3]})";
+    const auto len = static_cast<std::iter_difference_t<std::string::const_iterator>>(json_str.size());
+
+    std::counted_iterator first(json_str.begin(), len);
+    const json j = json::parse(first, std::default_sentinel);
+    CHECK(j["key"] == "value");
+    CHECK(j["array"].size() == 3);
+
+    std::counted_iterator first2(json_str.begin(), len);
+    CHECK(json::accept(first2, std::default_sentinel));
+}
+#endif
+
 } // namespace